3 The Adjunct Processor (AP) facility is an IBM Z cryptographic facility comprised
4 of three AP instructions and from 1 up to 256 PCIe cryptographic adapter cards.
5 The AP devices provide cryptographic functions to all CPUs assigned to a
6 linux system running in an IBM Z system LPAR.
8 The AP adapter cards are exposed via the AP bus. The motivation for vfio-ap
9 is to make AP cards available to KVM guests using the VFIO mediated device
10 framework. This implementation relies considerably on the s390 virtualization
11 facilities which do most of the hard work of providing direct access to AP
14 AP Architectural Overview:
15 =========================
16 To facilitate the comprehension of the design, let's start with some
21 An AP adapter is an IBM Z adapter card that can perform cryptographic
22 functions. There can be from 0 to 256 adapters assigned to an LPAR. Adapters
23 assigned to the LPAR in which a linux host is running will be available to
24 the linux host. Each adapter is identified by a number from 0 to 255; however,
25 the maximum adapter number is determined by machine model and/or adapter type.
26 When installed, an AP adapter is accessed by AP instructions executed by any
29 The AP adapter cards are assigned to a given LPAR via the system's Activation
30 Profile which can be edited via the HMC. When the linux host system is IPL'd
31 in the LPAR, the AP bus detects the AP adapter cards assigned to the LPAR and
32 creates a sysfs device for each assigned adapter. For example, if AP adapters
33 4 and 10 (0x0a) are assigned to the LPAR, the AP bus will create the following
36 /sys/devices/ap/card04
37 /sys/devices/ap/card0a
39 Symbolic links to these devices will also be created in the AP bus devices
42 /sys/bus/ap/devices/[card04]
43 /sys/bus/ap/devices/[card04]
47 An adapter is partitioned into domains. An adapter can hold up to 256 domains
48 depending upon the adapter type and hardware configuration. A domain is
49 identified by a number from 0 to 255; however, the maximum domain number is
50 determined by machine model and/or adapter type.. A domain can be thought of
51 as a set of hardware registers and memory used for processing AP commands. A
52 domain can be configured with a secure private key used for clear key
53 encryption. A domain is classified in one of two ways depending upon how it
56 * Usage domains are domains that are targeted by an AP instruction to
57 process an AP command.
59 * Control domains are domains that are changed by an AP command sent to a
60 usage domain; for example, to set the secure private key for the control
63 The AP usage and control domains are assigned to a given LPAR via the system's
64 Activation Profile which can be edited via the HMC. When a linux host system
65 is IPL'd in the LPAR, the AP bus module detects the AP usage and control
66 domains assigned to the LPAR. The domain number of each usage domain and
67 adapter number of each AP adapter are combined to create AP queue devices
68 (see AP Queue section below). The domain number of each control domain will be
69 represented in a bitmask and stored in a sysfs file
70 /sys/bus/ap/ap_control_domain_mask. The bits in the mask, from most to least
71 significant bit, correspond to domains 0-255.
75 An AP queue is the means by which an AP command is sent to a usage domain
76 inside a specific adapter. An AP queue is identified by a tuple
77 comprised of an AP adapter ID (APID) and an AP queue index (APQI). The
78 APQI corresponds to a given usage domain number within the adapter. This tuple
79 forms an AP Queue Number (APQN) uniquely identifying an AP queue. AP
80 instructions include a field containing the APQN to identify the AP queue to
81 which the AP command is to be sent for processing.
83 The AP bus will create a sysfs device for each APQN that can be derived from
84 the cross product of the AP adapter and usage domain numbers detected when the
85 AP bus module is loaded. For example, if adapters 4 and 10 (0x0a) and usage
86 domains 6 and 71 (0x47) are assigned to the LPAR, the AP bus will create the
87 following sysfs entries:
89 /sys/devices/ap/card04/04.0006
90 /sys/devices/ap/card04/04.0047
91 /sys/devices/ap/card0a/0a.0006
92 /sys/devices/ap/card0a/0a.0047
94 The following symbolic links to these devices will be created in the AP bus
97 /sys/bus/ap/devices/[04.0006]
98 /sys/bus/ap/devices/[04.0047]
99 /sys/bus/ap/devices/[0a.0006]
100 /sys/bus/ap/devices/[0a.0047]
104 There are three AP instructions:
106 * NQAP: to enqueue an AP command-request message to a queue
107 * DQAP: to dequeue an AP command-reply message from a queue
108 * PQAP: to administer the queues
110 AP instructions identify the domain that is targeted to process the AP
111 command; this must be one of the usage domains. An AP command may modify a
112 domain that is not one of the usage domains, but the modified domain
113 must be one of the control domains.
117 Let's now take a look at how AP instructions executed on a guest are interpreted
120 A satellite control block called the Crypto Control Block (CRYCB) is attached to
121 our main hardware virtualization control block. The CRYCB contains three fields
122 to identify the adapters, usage domains and control domains assigned to the KVM
125 * The AP Mask (APM) field is a bit mask that identifies the AP adapters assigned
126 to the KVM guest. Each bit in the mask, from left to right (i.e. from most
127 significant to least significant bit in big endian order), corresponds to
128 an APID from 0-255. If a bit is set, the corresponding adapter is valid for
129 use by the KVM guest.
131 * The AP Queue Mask (AQM) field is a bit mask identifying the AP usage domains
132 assigned to the KVM guest. Each bit in the mask, from left to right (i.e. from
133 most significant to least significant bit in big endian order), corresponds to
134 an AP queue index (APQI) from 0-255. If a bit is set, the corresponding queue
135 is valid for use by the KVM guest.
137 * The AP Domain Mask field is a bit mask that identifies the AP control domains
138 assigned to the KVM guest. The ADM bit mask controls which domains can be
139 changed by an AP command-request message sent to a usage domain from the
140 guest. Each bit in the mask, from left to right (i.e. from most significant to
141 least significant bit in big endian order), corresponds to a domain from
142 0-255. If a bit is set, the corresponding domain can be modified by an AP
143 command-request message sent to a usage domain.
145 If you recall from the description of an AP Queue, AP instructions include
146 an APQN to identify the AP queue to which an AP command-request message is to be
147 sent (NQAP and PQAP instructions), or from which a command-reply message is to
148 be received (DQAP instruction). The validity of an APQN is defined by the matrix
149 calculated from the APM and AQM; it is the cross product of all assigned adapter
150 numbers (APM) with all assigned queue indexes (AQM). For example, if adapters 1
151 and 2 and usage domains 5 and 6 are assigned to a guest, the APQNs (1,5), (1,6),
152 (2,5) and (2,6) will be valid for the guest.
154 The APQNs can provide secure key functionality - i.e., a private key is stored
155 on the adapter card for each of its domains - so each APQN must be assigned to
156 at most one guest or to the linux host.
158 Example 1: Valid configuration:
159 ------------------------------
160 Guest1: adapters 1,2 domains 5,6
161 Guest2: adapter 1,2 domain 7
163 This is valid because both guests have a unique set of APQNs:
164 Guest1 has APQNs (1,5), (1,6), (2,5), (2,6);
165 Guest2 has APQNs (1,7), (2,7)
167 Example 2: Valid configuration:
168 ------------------------------
169 Guest1: adapters 1,2 domains 5,6
170 Guest2: adapters 3,4 domains 5,6
172 This is also valid because both guests have a unique set of APQNs:
173 Guest1 has APQNs (1,5), (1,6), (2,5), (2,6);
174 Guest2 has APQNs (3,5), (3,6), (4,5), (4,6)
176 Example 3: Invalid configuration:
177 --------------------------------
178 Guest1: adapters 1,2 domains 5,6
179 Guest2: adapter 1 domains 6,7
181 This is an invalid configuration because both guests have access to
186 The design introduces three new objects:
189 2. VFIO AP device driver (vfio_ap.ko)
190 3. VFIO AP mediated matrix pass-through device
192 The VFIO AP device driver
193 -------------------------
194 The VFIO AP (vfio_ap) device driver serves the following purposes:
196 1. Provides the interfaces to secure APQNs for exclusive use of KVM guests.
198 2. Sets up the VFIO mediated device interfaces to manage a mediated matrix
199 device and creates the sysfs interfaces for assigning adapters, usage
200 domains, and control domains comprising the matrix for a KVM guest.
202 3. Configures the APM, AQM and ADM in the CRYCB referenced by a KVM guest's
203 SIE state description to grant the guest access to a matrix of AP devices
205 Reserve APQNs for exclusive use of KVM guests
206 ---------------------------------------------
207 The following block diagram illustrates the mechanism by which APQNs are
212 +--------------------> cex4queue driver |
214 | +------------------+
217 | +------------------+ +-----------------+
218 | 5 register driver | | 3 create | |
219 | +----------------> Device core +----------> matrix device |
221 | | +--------^---------+ +-----------------+
223 | | +-------------------+
224 | | +-----------------------------------+ |
225 | | | 4 register AP driver | | 2 register device
227 +--------+---+-v---+ +--------+-------+-+
229 | ap_bus +--------------------- > vfio_ap driver |
231 +--------^---------+ +--^--^------------+
233 apmask | +-----------------------------+ | 9 mdev create
234 aqmask | | 1 modprobe |
235 +--------+-----+---+ +----------------+-+ +------------------+
236 | | | |8 create | mediated |
237 | admin | | VFIO device core |---------> matrix |
239 +------+-+---------+ +--------^---------+ +--------^---------+
241 | | 9 create vfio_ap-passthrough | |
242 | +------------------------------+ |
243 +-------------------------------------------------------------+
244 10 assign adapter/domain/control domain
246 The process for reserving an AP queue for use by a KVM guest is:
248 1. The administrator loads the vfio_ap device driver
249 2. The vfio-ap driver during its initialization will register a single 'matrix'
250 device with the device core. This will serve as the parent device for
251 all mediated matrix devices used to configure an AP matrix for a guest.
252 3. The /sys/devices/vfio_ap/matrix device is created by the device core
253 4 The vfio_ap device driver will register with the AP bus for AP queue devices
254 of type 10 and higher (CEX4 and newer). The driver will provide the vfio_ap
255 driver's probe and remove callback interfaces. Devices older than CEX4 queues
256 are not supported to simplify the implementation by not needlessly
257 complicating the design by supporting older devices that will go out of
258 service in the relatively near future, and for which there are few older
259 systems around on which to test.
260 5. The AP bus registers the vfio_ap device driver with the device core
261 6. The administrator edits the AP adapter and queue masks to reserve AP queues
262 for use by the vfio_ap device driver.
263 7. The AP bus removes the AP queues reserved for the vfio_ap driver from the
264 default zcrypt cex4queue driver.
265 8. The AP bus probes the vfio_ap device driver to bind the queues reserved for
267 9. The administrator creates a passthrough type mediated matrix device to be
269 10 The administrator assigns the adapters, usage domains and control domains
270 to be exclusively used by a guest.
272 Set up the VFIO mediated device interfaces
273 ------------------------------------------
274 The VFIO AP device driver utilizes the common interface of the VFIO mediated
275 device core driver to:
276 * Register an AP mediated bus driver to add a mediated matrix device to and
277 remove it from a VFIO group.
278 * Create and destroy a mediated matrix device
279 * Add a mediated matrix device to and remove it from the AP mediated bus driver
280 * Add a mediated matrix device to and remove it from an IOMMU group
282 The following high-level block diagram shows the main components and interfaces
283 of the VFIO AP mediated matrix device driver:
287 | +---------+ | mdev_register_driver() +--------------+
288 | | Mdev | +<-----------------------+ |
289 | | bus | | | vfio_mdev.ko |
290 | | driver | +----------------------->+ |<-> VFIO user
291 | +---------+ | probe()/remove() +--------------+ APIs
296 | +---------+ | mdev_register_device() +--------------+
297 | |Physical | +<-----------------------+ |
298 | | device | | | vfio_ap.ko |<-> matrix
299 | |interface| +----------------------->+ | device
300 | +---------+ | callback +--------------+
303 During initialization of the vfio_ap module, the matrix device is registered
304 with an 'mdev_parent_ops' structure that provides the sysfs attribute
305 structures, mdev functions and callback interfaces for managing the mediated
308 * sysfs attribute structures:
309 * supported_type_groups
310 The VFIO mediated device framework supports creation of user-defined
311 mediated device types. These mediated device types are specified
312 via the 'supported_type_groups' structure when a device is registered
313 with the mediated device framework. The registration process creates the
314 sysfs structures for each mediated device type specified in the
315 'mdev_supported_types' sub-directory of the device being registered. Along
316 with the device type, the sysfs attributes of the mediated device type are
319 The VFIO AP device driver will register one mediated device type for
321 /sys/devices/vfio_ap/matrix/mdev_supported_types/vfio_ap-passthrough
322 Only the read-only attributes required by the VFIO mdev framework will
326 ... available_instances
329 * name: specifies the name of the mediated device type
330 * device_api: the mediated device type's API
331 * available_instances: the number of mediated matrix passthrough devices
333 * device_api: specifies the VFIO API
335 This attribute group identifies the user-defined sysfs attributes of the
336 mediated device. When a device is registered with the VFIO mediated device
337 framework, the sysfs attribute files identified in the 'mdev_attr_groups'
338 structure will be created in the mediated matrix device's directory. The
339 sysfs attributes for a mediated matrix device are:
342 Write-only attributes for assigning/unassigning an AP adapter to/from the
343 mediated matrix device. To assign/unassign an adapter, the APID of the
344 adapter is echoed to the respective attribute file.
347 Write-only attributes for assigning/unassigning an AP usage domain to/from
348 the mediated matrix device. To assign/unassign a domain, the domain
349 number of the the usage domain is echoed to the respective attribute
352 A read-only file for displaying the APQNs derived from the cross product
353 of the adapter and domain numbers assigned to the mediated matrix device.
354 * assign_control_domain:
355 * unassign_control_domain:
356 Write-only attributes for assigning/unassigning an AP control domain
357 to/from the mediated matrix device. To assign/unassign a control domain,
358 the ID of the domain to be assigned/unassigned is echoed to the respective
361 A read-only file for displaying the control domain numbers assigned to the
362 mediated matrix device.
366 allocates the ap_matrix_mdev structure used by the vfio_ap driver to:
367 * Store the reference to the KVM structure for the guest using the mdev
368 * Store the AP matrix configuration for the adapters, domains, and control
369 domains assigned via the corresponding sysfs attributes files
371 deallocates the mediated matrix device's ap_matrix_mdev structure. This will
372 be allowed only if a running guest is not using the mdev.
374 * callback interfaces
376 The vfio_ap driver uses this callback to register a
377 VFIO_GROUP_NOTIFY_SET_KVM notifier callback function for the mdev matrix
378 device. The open is invoked when QEMU connects the VFIO iommu group
379 for the mdev matrix device to the MDEV bus. Access to the KVM structure used
380 to configure the KVM guest is provided via this callback. The KVM structure,
381 is used to configure the guest's access to the AP matrix defined via the
382 mediated matrix device's sysfs attribute files.
384 unregisters the VFIO_GROUP_NOTIFY_SET_KVM notifier callback function for the
385 mdev matrix device and deconfigures the guest's AP matrix.
387 Configure the APM, AQM and ADM in the CRYCB:
388 -------------------------------------------
389 Configuring the AP matrix for a KVM guest will be performed when the
390 VFIO_GROUP_NOTIFY_SET_KVM notifier callback is invoked. The notifier
391 function is called when QEMU connects to KVM. The guest's AP matrix is
392 configured via it's CRYCB by:
393 * Setting the bits in the APM corresponding to the APIDs assigned to the
394 mediated matrix device via its 'assign_adapter' interface.
395 * Setting the bits in the AQM corresponding to the domains assigned to the
396 mediated matrix device via its 'assign_domain' interface.
397 * Setting the bits in the ADM corresponding to the domain dIDs assigned to the
398 mediated matrix device via its 'assign_control_domains' interface.
400 The CPU model features for AP
401 -----------------------------
402 The AP stack relies on the presence of the AP instructions as well as two
403 facilities: The AP Facilities Test (APFT) facility; and the AP Query
404 Configuration Information (QCI) facility. These features/facilities are made
405 available to a KVM guest via the following CPU model features:
407 1. ap: Indicates whether the AP instructions are installed on the guest. This
408 feature will be enabled by KVM only if the AP instructions are installed
411 2. apft: Indicates the APFT facility is available on the guest. This facility
412 can be made available to the guest only if it is available on the host (i.e.,
413 facility bit 15 is set).
415 3. apqci: Indicates the AP QCI facility is available on the guest. This facility
416 can be made available to the guest only if it is available on the host (i.e.,
417 facility bit 12 is set).
419 Note: If the user chooses to specify a CPU model different than the 'host'
420 model to QEMU, the CPU model features and facilities need to be turned on
421 explicitly; for example:
423 /usr/bin/qemu-system-s390x ... -cpu z13,ap=on,apqci=on,apft=on
425 A guest can be precluded from using AP features/facilities by turning them off
426 explicitly; for example:
428 /usr/bin/qemu-system-s390x ... -cpu host,ap=off,apqci=off,apft=off
430 Note: If the APFT facility is turned off (apft=off) for the guest, the guest
431 will not see any AP devices. The zcrypt device drivers that register for type 10
432 and newer AP devices - i.e., the cex4card and cex4queue device drivers - need
433 the APFT facility to ascertain the facilities installed on a given AP device. If
434 the APFT facility is not installed on the guest, then the probe of device
435 drivers will fail since only type 10 and newer devices can be configured for
440 Let's now provide an example to illustrate how KVM guests may be given
441 access to AP facilities. For this example, we will show how to configure
442 three guests such that executing the lszcrypt command on the guests would
447 CARD.DOMAIN TYPE MODE
448 ------------------------------
450 05.0004 CEX5C CCA-Coproc
451 05.00ab CEX5C CCA-Coproc
453 06.0004 CEX5A Accelerator
454 06.00ab CEX5C CCA-Coproc
458 CARD.DOMAIN TYPE MODE
459 ------------------------------
461 05.0047 CEX5A Accelerator
462 05.00ff CEX5A Accelerator
466 CARD.DOMAIN TYPE MODE
467 ------------------------------
469 06.0047 CEX5A Accelerator
470 06.00ff CEX5A Accelerator
474 1. Install the vfio_ap module on the linux host. The dependency chain for the
484 To build the vfio_ap module, the kernel build must be configured with the
485 following Kconfig elements selected:
495 If using make menuconfig select the following to build the vfio_ap module:
497 -> IOMMU Hardware Support
498 select S390 AP IOMMU Support
499 -> VFIO Non-Privileged userspace driver framework
500 -> Mediated device driver frramework
501 -> VFIO driver for Mediated devices
503 -> VFIO support for AP devices
505 2. Secure the AP queues to be used by the three guests so that the host can not
506 access them. To secure them, there are two sysfs files that specify
507 bitmasks marking a subset of the APQN range as 'usable by the default AP
508 queue device drivers' or 'not usable by the default device drivers' and thus
509 available for use by the vfio_ap device driver'. The location of the sysfs
510 files containing the masks are:
515 The 'apmask' is a 256-bit mask that identifies a set of AP adapter IDs
516 (APID). Each bit in the mask, from left to right (i.e., from most significant
517 to least significant bit in big endian order), corresponds to an APID from
518 0-255. If a bit is set, the APID is marked as usable only by the default AP
519 queue device drivers; otherwise, the APID is usable by the vfio_ap
522 The 'aqmask' is a 256-bit mask that identifies a set of AP queue indexes
523 (APQI). Each bit in the mask, from left to right (i.e., from most significant
524 to least significant bit in big endian order), corresponds to an APQI from
525 0-255. If a bit is set, the APQI is marked as usable only by the default AP
526 queue device drivers; otherwise, the APQI is usable by the vfio_ap device
529 Take, for example, the following mask:
531 0x7dffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
535 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7-255 belong to the default drivers' pool, and 0 and 6
536 belong to the vfio_ap device driver's pool.
538 The APQN of each AP queue device assigned to the linux host is checked by the
539 AP bus against the set of APQNs derived from the cross product of APIDs
540 and APQIs marked as usable only by the default AP queue device drivers. If a
541 match is detected, only the default AP queue device drivers will be probed;
542 otherwise, the vfio_ap device driver will be probed.
544 By default, the two masks are set to reserve all APQNs for use by the default
545 AP queue device drivers. There are two ways the default masks can be changed:
547 1. The sysfs mask files can be edited by echoing a string into the
548 respective sysfs mask file in one of two formats:
550 * An absolute hex string starting with 0x - like "0x12345678" - sets
551 the mask. If the given string is shorter than the mask, it is padded
552 with 0s on the right; for example, specifying a mask value of 0x41 is
553 the same as specifying:
555 0x4100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
557 Keep in mind that the mask reads from left to right (i.e., most
558 significant to least significant bit in big endian order), so the mask
559 above identifies device numbers 1 and 7 (01000001).
561 If the string is longer than the mask, the operation is terminated with
564 * Individual bits in the mask can be switched on and off by specifying
565 each bit number to be switched in a comma separated list. Each bit
566 number string must be prepended with a ('+') or minus ('-') to indicate
567 the corresponding bit is to be switched on ('+') or off ('-'). Some
570 "+0" switches bit 0 on
571 "-13" switches bit 13 off
572 "+0x41" switches bit 65 on
573 "-0xff" switches bit 255 off
575 The following example:
578 Switches bits 0 and 71 (0x47) on
579 Switches bits 6 and 240 (0xf0) off
581 Note that the bits not specified in the list remain as they were before
584 2. The masks can also be changed at boot time via parameters on the kernel
585 command line like this:
587 ap.apmask=0xffff ap.aqmask=0x40
589 This would create the following masks:
592 0xffff000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
595 0x4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
597 Resulting in these two pools:
599 default drivers pool: adapter 0-15, domain 1
600 alternate drivers pool: adapter 16-255, domains 0, 2-255
602 Securing the APQNs for our example:
603 ----------------------------------
604 To secure the AP queues 05.0004, 05.0047, 05.00ab, 05.00ff, 06.0004, 06.0047,
605 06.00ab, and 06.00ff for use by the vfio_ap device driver, the corresponding
606 APQNs can either be removed from the default masks:
608 echo -5,-6 > /sys/bus/ap/apmask
610 echo -4,-0x47,-0xab,-0xff > /sys/bus/ap/aqmask
612 Or the masks can be set as follows:
614 echo 0xf9ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff \
617 echo 0xf7fffffffffffffffeffffffffffffffffffffffffeffffffffffffffffffffe \
620 This will result in AP queues 05.0004, 05.0047, 05.00ab, 05.00ff, 06.0004,
621 06.0047, 06.00ab, and 06.00ff getting bound to the vfio_ap device driver. The
622 sysfs directory for the vfio_ap device driver will now contain symbolic links
623 to the AP queue devices bound to it:
637 Keep in mind that only type 10 and newer adapters (i.e., CEX4 and later)
638 can be bound to the vfio_ap device driver. The reason for this is to
639 simplify the implementation by not needlessly complicating the design by
640 supporting older devices that will go out of service in the relatively near
641 future and for which there are few older systems on which to test.
643 The administrator, therefore, must take care to secure only AP queues that
644 can be bound to the vfio_ap device driver. The device type for a given AP
645 queue device can be read from the parent card's sysfs directory. For example,
646 to see the hardware type of the queue 05.0004:
648 cat /sys/bus/ap/devices/card05/hwtype
650 The hwtype must be 10 or higher (CEX4 or newer) in order to be bound to the
651 vfio_ap device driver.
653 3. Create the mediated devices needed to configure the AP matrixes for the
654 three guests and to provide an interface to the vfio_ap driver for
657 /sys/devices/vfio_ap/matrix/
658 --- [mdev_supported_types]
659 ------ [vfio_ap-passthrough] (passthrough mediated matrix device type)
663 To create the mediated devices for the three guests:
675 This will create three mediated devices in the [devices] subdirectory named
676 after the UUID written to the create attribute file. We call them $uuid1,
677 $uuid2 and $uuid3 and this is the sysfs directory structure after creation:
679 /sys/devices/vfio_ap/matrix/
680 --- [mdev_supported_types]
681 ------ [vfio_ap-passthrough]
683 ------------ [$uuid1]
684 --------------- assign_adapter
685 --------------- assign_control_domain
686 --------------- assign_domain
687 --------------- matrix
688 --------------- unassign_adapter
689 --------------- unassign_control_domain
690 --------------- unassign_domain
692 ------------ [$uuid2]
693 --------------- assign_adapter
694 --------------- assign_control_domain
695 --------------- assign_domain
696 --------------- matrix
697 --------------- unassign_adapter
698 ----------------unassign_control_domain
699 ----------------unassign_domain
701 ------------ [$uuid3]
702 --------------- assign_adapter
703 --------------- assign_control_domain
704 --------------- assign_domain
705 --------------- matrix
706 --------------- unassign_adapter
707 ----------------unassign_control_domain
708 ----------------unassign_domain
710 4. The administrator now needs to configure the matrixes for the mediated
711 devices $uuid1 (for Guest1), $uuid2 (for Guest2) and $uuid3 (for Guest3).
713 This is how the matrix is configured for Guest1:
715 echo 5 > assign_adapter
716 echo 6 > assign_adapter
717 echo 4 > assign_domain
718 echo 0xab > assign_domain
720 Control domains can similarly be assigned using the assign_control_domain
723 If a mistake is made configuring an adapter, domain or control domain,
724 you can use the unassign_xxx files to unassign the adapter, domain or
727 To display the matrix configuration for Guest1:
731 This is how the matrix is configured for Guest2:
733 echo 5 > assign_adapter
734 echo 0x47 > assign_domain
735 echo 0xff > assign_domain
737 This is how the matrix is configured for Guest3:
739 echo 6 > assign_adapter
740 echo 0x47 > assign_domain
741 echo 0xff > assign_domain
743 In order to successfully assign an adapter:
745 * The adapter number specified must represent a value from 0 up to the
746 maximum adapter number configured for the system. If an adapter number
747 higher than the maximum is specified, the operation will terminate with
750 * All APQNs that can be derived from the adapter ID and the IDs of
751 the previously assigned domains must be bound to the vfio_ap device
752 driver. If no domains have yet been assigned, then there must be at least
753 one APQN with the specified APID bound to the vfio_ap driver. If no such
754 APQNs are bound to the driver, the operation will terminate with an
755 error (EADDRNOTAVAIL).
757 No APQN that can be derived from the adapter ID and the IDs of the
758 previously assigned domains can be assigned to another mediated matrix
759 device. If an APQN is assigned to another mediated matrix device, the
760 operation will terminate with an error (EADDRINUSE).
762 In order to successfully assign a domain:
764 * The domain number specified must represent a value from 0 up to the
765 maximum domain number configured for the system. If a domain number
766 higher than the maximum is specified, the operation will terminate with
769 * All APQNs that can be derived from the domain ID and the IDs of
770 the previously assigned adapters must be bound to the vfio_ap device
771 driver. If no domains have yet been assigned, then there must be at least
772 one APQN with the specified APQI bound to the vfio_ap driver. If no such
773 APQNs are bound to the driver, the operation will terminate with an
774 error (EADDRNOTAVAIL).
776 No APQN that can be derived from the domain ID and the IDs of the
777 previously assigned adapters can be assigned to another mediated matrix
778 device. If an APQN is assigned to another mediated matrix device, the
779 operation will terminate with an error (EADDRINUSE).
781 In order to successfully assign a control domain, the domain number
782 specified must represent a value from 0 up to the maximum domain number
783 configured for the system. If a control domain number higher than the maximum
784 is specified, the operation will terminate with an error (ENODEV).
788 /usr/bin/qemu-system-s390x ... -cpu host,ap=on,apqci=on,apft=on \
789 -device vfio-ap,sysfsdev=/sys/devices/vfio_ap/matrix/$uuid1 ...
793 /usr/bin/qemu-system-s390x ... -cpu host,ap=on,apqci=on,apft=on \
794 -device vfio-ap,sysfsdev=/sys/devices/vfio_ap/matrix/$uuid2 ...
798 /usr/bin/qemu-system-s390x ... -cpu host,ap=on,apqci=on,apft=on \
799 -device vfio-ap,sysfsdev=/sys/devices/vfio_ap/matrix/$uuid3 ...
801 When the guest is shut down, the mediated matrix devices may be removed.
803 Using our example again, to remove the mediated matrix device $uuid1:
805 /sys/devices/vfio_ap/matrix/
806 --- [mdev_supported_types]
807 ------ [vfio_ap-passthrough]
809 ------------ [$uuid1]
810 --------------- remove
815 This will remove all of the mdev matrix device's sysfs structures including
816 the mdev device itself. To recreate and reconfigure the mdev matrix device,
817 all of the steps starting with step 3 will have to be performed again. Note
818 that the remove will fail if a guest using the mdev is still running.
820 It is not necessary to remove an mdev matrix device, but one may want to
821 remove it if no guest will use it during the remaining lifetime of the linux
822 host. If the mdev matrix device is removed, one may want to also reconfigure
823 the pool of adapters and queues reserved for use by the default drivers.
827 * The KVM/kernel interfaces do not provide a way to prevent restoring an APQN
828 to the default drivers pool of a queue that is still assigned to a mediated
829 device in use by a guest. It is incumbent upon the administrator to
830 ensure there is no mediated device in use by a guest to which the APQN is
831 assigned lest the host be given access to the private data of the AP queue
832 device such as a private key configured specifically for the guest.
834 * Dynamically modifying the AP matrix for a running guest (which would amount to
835 hot(un)plug of AP devices for the guest) is currently not supported
837 * Live guest migration is not supported for guests using AP devices.