1 GPIO Descriptor Consumer Interface
2 ==================================
4 This document describes the consumer interface of the GPIO framework. Note that
5 it describes the new descriptor-based interface. For a description of the
6 deprecated integer-based GPIO interface please refer to gpio-legacy.txt.
9 Guidelines for GPIOs consumers
10 ==============================
12 Drivers that can't work without standard GPIO calls should have Kconfig entries
13 that depend on GPIOLIB. The functions that allow a driver to obtain and use
14 GPIOs are available by including the following file:
16 #include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
18 All the functions that work with the descriptor-based GPIO interface are
19 prefixed with gpiod_. The gpio_ prefix is used for the legacy interface. No
20 other function in the kernel should use these prefixes.
23 Obtaining and Disposing GPIOs
24 =============================
26 With the descriptor-based interface, GPIOs are identified with an opaque,
27 non-forgeable handler that must be obtained through a call to one of the
28 gpiod_get() functions. Like many other kernel subsystems, gpiod_get() takes the
29 device that will use the GPIO and the function the requested GPIO is supposed to
32 struct gpio_desc *gpiod_get(struct device *dev, const char *con_id)
34 If a function is implemented by using several GPIOs together (e.g. a simple LED
35 device that displays digits), an additional index argument can be specified:
37 struct gpio_desc *gpiod_get_index(struct device *dev,
38 const char *con_id, unsigned int idx)
40 Both functions return either a valid GPIO descriptor, or an error code checkable
41 with IS_ERR(). They will never return a NULL pointer.
43 Device-managed variants of these functions are also defined:
45 struct gpio_desc *devm_gpiod_get(struct device *dev, const char *con_id)
47 struct gpio_desc *devm_gpiod_get_index(struct device *dev,
51 A GPIO descriptor can be disposed of using the gpiod_put() function:
53 void gpiod_put(struct gpio_desc *desc)
55 It is strictly forbidden to use a descriptor after calling this function. The
56 device-managed variant is, unsurprisingly:
58 void devm_gpiod_put(struct device *dev, struct gpio_desc *desc)
66 The first thing a driver must do with a GPIO is setting its direction. This is
67 done by invoking one of the gpiod_direction_*() functions:
69 int gpiod_direction_input(struct gpio_desc *desc)
70 int gpiod_direction_output(struct gpio_desc *desc, int value)
72 The return value is zero for success, else a negative errno. It should be
73 checked, since the get/set calls don't return errors and since misconfiguration
74 is possible. You should normally issue these calls from a task context. However,
75 for spinlock-safe GPIOs it is OK to use them before tasking is enabled, as part
78 For output GPIOs, the value provided becomes the initial output value. This
79 helps avoid signal glitching during system startup.
81 A driver can also query the current direction of a GPIO:
83 int gpiod_get_direction(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
85 This function will return either GPIOF_DIR_IN or GPIOF_DIR_OUT.
87 Be aware that there is no default direction for GPIOs. Therefore, **using a GPIO
88 without setting its direction first is illegal and will result in undefined
92 Spinlock-Safe GPIO Access
93 -------------------------
94 Most GPIO controllers can be accessed with memory read/write instructions. Those
95 don't need to sleep, and can safely be done from inside hard (non-threaded) IRQ
96 handlers and similar contexts.
98 Use the following calls to access GPIOs from an atomic context:
100 int gpiod_get_value(const struct gpio_desc *desc);
101 void gpiod_set_value(struct gpio_desc *desc, int value);
103 The values are boolean, zero for low, nonzero for high. When reading the value
104 of an output pin, the value returned should be what's seen on the pin. That
105 won't always match the specified output value, because of issues including
106 open-drain signaling and output latencies.
108 The get/set calls do not return errors because "invalid GPIO" should have been
109 reported earlier from gpiod_direction_*(). However, note that not all platforms
110 can read the value of output pins; those that can't should always return zero.
111 Also, using these calls for GPIOs that can't safely be accessed without sleeping
112 (see below) is an error.
115 GPIO Access That May Sleep
116 --------------------------
117 Some GPIO controllers must be accessed using message based buses like I2C or
118 SPI. Commands to read or write those GPIO values require waiting to get to the
119 head of a queue to transmit a command and get its response. This requires
120 sleeping, which can't be done from inside IRQ handlers.
122 Platforms that support this type of GPIO distinguish them from other GPIOs by
123 returning nonzero from this call:
125 int gpiod_cansleep(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
127 To access such GPIOs, a different set of accessors is defined:
129 int gpiod_get_value_cansleep(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
130 void gpiod_set_value_cansleep(struct gpio_desc *desc, int value)
132 Accessing such GPIOs requires a context which may sleep, for example a threaded
133 IRQ handler, and those accessors must be used instead of spinlock-safe
134 accessors without the cansleep() name suffix.
136 Other than the fact that these accessors might sleep, and will work on GPIOs
137 that can't be accessed from hardIRQ handlers, these calls act the same as the
141 Active-low State and Raw GPIO Values
142 ------------------------------------
143 Device drivers like to manage the logical state of a GPIO, i.e. the value their
144 device will actually receive, no matter what lies between it and the GPIO line.
145 In some cases, it might make sense to control the actual GPIO line value. The
146 following set of calls ignore the active-low property of a GPIO and work on the
149 int gpiod_get_raw_value(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
150 void gpiod_set_raw_value(struct gpio_desc *desc, int value)
151 int gpiod_get_raw_value_cansleep(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
152 void gpiod_set_raw_value_cansleep(struct gpio_desc *desc, int value)
154 The active-low state of a GPIO can also be queried using the following call:
156 int gpiod_is_active_low(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
158 Note that these functions should only be used with great moderation ; a driver
159 should not have to care about the physical line level.
163 GPIO lines can quite often be used as IRQs. You can get the IRQ number
164 corresponding to a given GPIO using the following call:
166 int gpiod_to_irq(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
168 It will return an IRQ number, or an negative errno code if the mapping can't be
169 done (most likely because that particular GPIO cannot be used as IRQ). It is an
170 unchecked error to use a GPIO that wasn't set up as an input using
171 gpiod_direction_input(), or to use an IRQ number that didn't originally come
172 from gpiod_to_irq(). gpiod_to_irq() is not allowed to sleep.
174 Non-error values returned from gpiod_to_irq() can be passed to request_irq() or
175 free_irq(). They will often be stored into IRQ resources for platform devices,
176 by the board-specific initialization code. Note that IRQ trigger options are
177 part of the IRQ interface, e.g. IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING, as are system wakeup
181 Interacting With the Legacy GPIO Subsystem
182 ==========================================
183 Many kernel subsystems still handle GPIOs using the legacy integer-based
184 interface. Although it is strongly encouraged to upgrade them to the safer
185 descriptor-based API, the following two functions allow you to convert a GPIO
186 descriptor into the GPIO integer namespace and vice-versa:
188 int desc_to_gpio(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
189 struct gpio_desc *gpio_to_desc(unsigned gpio)
191 The GPIO number returned by desc_to_gpio() can be safely used as long as the
192 GPIO descriptor has not been freed. All the same, a GPIO number passed to
193 gpio_to_desc() must have been properly acquired, and usage of the returned GPIO
194 descriptor is only possible after the GPIO number has been released.
196 Freeing a GPIO obtained by one API with the other API is forbidden and an