1 Userspace communication protocol over connector [1].
7 There are three types of messages between w1 core and userspace:
8 1. Events. They are generated each time a new master or slave device
9 is found either due to automatic or requested search.
10 2. Userspace commands.
11 3. Replies to userspace commands.
17 [struct cn_msg] - connector header.
18 Its length field is equal to size of the attached data
19 [struct w1_netlink_msg] - w1 netlink header.
20 __u8 type - message type.
22 list current bus masters
23 W1_SLAVE_ADD/W1_SLAVE_REMOVE
24 slave add/remove events
25 W1_MASTER_ADD/W1_MASTER_REMOVE
26 master add/remove events
28 userspace command for bus master
29 device (search/alarm search)
31 userspace command for slave device
33 __u8 status - error indication from kernel
34 __u16 len - size of data attached to this header data
36 __u8 id[8]; - slave unique device id
38 __u32 id; - master's id
43 [struct w1_netlink_cmd] - command for given master or slave device.
44 __u8 cmd - command opcode.
45 W1_CMD_READ - read command
46 W1_CMD_WRITE - write command
47 W1_CMD_SEARCH - search command
48 W1_CMD_ALARM_SEARCH - alarm search command
49 W1_CMD_TOUCH - touch command
50 (write and sample data back to userspace)
51 W1_CMD_RESET - send bus reset
52 W1_CMD_SLAVE_ADD - add slave to kernel list
53 W1_CMD_SLAVE_REMOVE - remove slave from kernel list
54 W1_CMD_LIST_SLAVES - get slaves list from kernel
56 __u16 len - length of data for this command
57 For read command data must be allocated like for write command
58 __u8 data[0] - data for this command
61 Each connector message can include one or more w1_netlink_msg with
62 zero or more attached w1_netlink_cmd messages.
64 For event messages there are no w1_netlink_cmd embedded structures,
65 only connector header and w1_netlink_msg strucutre with "len" field
66 being zero and filled type (one of event types) and id:
67 either 8 bytes of slave unique id in host order,
68 or master's id, which is assigned to bus master device
69 when it is added to w1 core.
71 Currently replies to userspace commands are only generated for read
72 command request. One reply is generated exactly for one w1_netlink_cmd
73 read request. Replies are not combined when sent - i.e. typical reply
74 messages looks like the following:
76 [cn_msg][w1_netlink_msg][w1_netlink_cmd]
77 cn_msg.len = sizeof(struct w1_netlink_msg) +
78 sizeof(struct w1_netlink_cmd) +
80 w1_netlink_msg.len = sizeof(struct w1_netlink_cmd) + cmd->len;
81 w1_netlink_cmd.len = cmd->len;
83 Replies to W1_LIST_MASTERS should send a message back to the userspace
84 which will contain list of all registered master ids in the following
87 cn_msg (CN_W1_IDX.CN_W1_VAL as id, len is equal to sizeof(struct
88 w1_netlink_msg) plus number of masters multiplied by 4)
89 w1_netlink_msg (type: W1_LIST_MASTERS, len is equal to
90 number of masters multiplied by 4 (u32 size))
93 Each message is at most 4k in size, so if number of master devices
94 exceeds this, it will be split into several messages.
96 W1 search and alarm search commands.
99 [w1_netlink_msg type = W1_MASTER_CMD
100 id is equal to the bus master id to use for searching]
101 [w1_netlink_cmd cmd = W1_CMD_SEARCH or W1_CMD_ALARM_SEARCH]
104 [cn_msg, ack = 1 and increasing, 0 means the last message,
105 seq is equal to the request seq]
106 [w1_netlink_msg type = W1_MASTER_CMD]
107 [w1_netlink_cmd cmd = W1_CMD_SEARCH or W1_CMD_ALARM_SEARCH
108 len is equal to number of IDs multiplied by 8]
109 [64bit-id0 ... 64bit-idN]
110 Length in each header corresponds to the size of the data behind it, so
111 w1_netlink_cmd->len = N * 8; where N is number of IDs in this message.
113 w1_netlink_msg->len = sizeof(struct w1_netlink_cmd) + N * 8;
114 cn_msg->len = sizeof(struct w1_netlink_msg) +
115 sizeof(struct w1_netlink_cmd) +
120 [w1_netlink_msg type = W1_MASTER_CMD
121 id is equal to the bus master id to use for searching]
122 [w1_netlink_cmd cmd = W1_CMD_RESET]
125 Command status replies.
126 ======================
128 Each command (either root, master or slave with or without w1_netlink_cmd
129 structure) will be 'acked' by the w1 core. Format of the reply is the same
130 as request message except that length parameters do not account for data
131 requested by the user, i.e. read/write/touch IO requests will not contain
132 data, so w1_netlink_cmd.len will be 0, w1_netlink_msg.len will be size
133 of the w1_netlink_cmd structure and cn_msg.len will be equal to the sum
134 of the sizeof(struct w1_netlink_msg) and sizeof(struct w1_netlink_cmd).
135 If reply is generated for master or root command (which do not have
136 w1_netlink_cmd attached), reply will contain only cn_msg and w1_netlink_msg
139 w1_netlink_msg.status field will carry positive error value
140 (EINVAL for example) or zero in case of success.
142 All other fields in every structure will mirror the same parameters in the
143 request message (except lengths as described above).
145 Status reply is generated for every w1_netlink_cmd embedded in the
146 w1_netlink_msg, if there are no w1_netlink_cmd structures,
147 reply will be generated for the w1_netlink_msg.
149 All w1_netlink_cmd command structures are handled in every w1_netlink_msg,
150 even if there were errors, only length mismatch interrupts message processing.
153 Operation steps in w1 core when new command is received.
154 =======================================================
156 When new message (w1_netlink_msg) is received w1 core detects if it is
157 master or slave request, according to w1_netlink_msg.type field.
158 Then master or slave device is searched for.
159 When found, master device (requested or those one on where slave device
160 is found) is locked. If slave command is requested, then reset/select
161 procedure is started to select given device.
163 Then all requested in w1_netlink_msg operations are performed one by one.
164 If command requires reply (like read command) it is sent on command completion.
166 When all commands (w1_netlink_cmd) are processed master device is unlocked
167 and next w1_netlink_msg header processing started.
170 Connector [1] specific documentation.
171 ====================================
173 Each connector message includes two u32 fields as "address".
174 w1 uses CN_W1_IDX and CN_W1_VAL defined in include/linux/connector.h header.
175 Each message also includes sequence and acknowledge numbers.
176 Sequence number for event messages is appropriate bus master sequence number
177 increased with each event message sent "through" this master.
178 Sequence number for userspace requests is set by userspace application.
179 Sequence number for reply is the same as was in request, and
180 acknowledge number is set to seq+1.
183 Additional documantion, source code examples.
184 ============================================
186 1. Documentation/driver-api/connector.rst
187 2. http://www.ioremap.net/archive/w1
188 This archive includes userspace application w1d.c which uses
189 read/write/search commands for all master/slave devices found on the bus.