2 * linux/arch/arm/kernel/traps.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2009 Russell King
5 * Fragments that appear the same as linux/arch/i386/kernel/traps.c (C) Linus Torvalds
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
9 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
11 * 'traps.c' handles hardware exceptions after we have saved some state in
12 * 'linux/arch/arm/lib/traps.S'. Mostly a debugging aid, but will probably
13 * kill the offending process.
15 #include <linux/signal.h>
16 #include <linux/personality.h>
17 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
18 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
19 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
20 #include <linux/hardirq.h>
21 #include <linux/kdebug.h>
22 #include <linux/kprobes.h>
23 #include <linux/module.h>
24 #include <linux/kexec.h>
25 #include <linux/bug.h>
26 #include <linux/delay.h>
27 #include <linux/init.h>
28 #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
29 #include <linux/sched/debug.h>
30 #include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
31 #include <linux/irq.h>
33 #include <linux/atomic.h>
34 #include <asm/cacheflush.h>
35 #include <asm/exception.h>
36 #include <asm/unistd.h>
37 #include <asm/traps.h>
38 #include <asm/ptrace.h>
39 #include <asm/unwind.h>
41 #include <asm/system_misc.h>
42 #include <asm/opcodes.h>
45 static const char *handler
[]= {
50 "undefined instruction",
55 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_USER
56 unsigned int user_debug
;
58 static int __init
user_debug_setup(char *str
)
60 get_option(&str
, &user_debug
);
63 __setup("user_debug=", user_debug_setup
);
66 static void dump_mem(const char *, const char *, unsigned long, unsigned long);
68 void dump_backtrace_entry(unsigned long where
, unsigned long from
, unsigned long frame
)
70 #ifdef CONFIG_KALLSYMS
71 printk("[<%08lx>] (%ps) from [<%08lx>] (%pS)\n", where
, (void *)where
, from
, (void *)from
);
73 printk("Function entered at [<%08lx>] from [<%08lx>]\n", where
, from
);
76 if (in_exception_text(where
))
77 dump_mem("", "Exception stack", frame
+ 4, frame
+ 4 + sizeof(struct pt_regs
));
80 void dump_backtrace_stm(u32
*stack
, u32 instruction
)
86 for (reg
= 10, x
= 0, p
= str
; reg
>= 0; reg
--) {
87 if (instruction
& BIT(reg
)) {
88 p
+= sprintf(p
, " r%d:%08x", reg
, *stack
--);
100 #ifndef CONFIG_ARM_UNWIND
102 * Stack pointers should always be within the kernels view of
103 * physical memory. If it is not there, then we can't dump
104 * out any information relating to the stack.
106 static int verify_stack(unsigned long sp
)
108 if (sp
< PAGE_OFFSET
||
109 (sp
> (unsigned long)high_memory
&& high_memory
!= NULL
))
117 * Dump out the contents of some memory nicely...
119 static void dump_mem(const char *lvl
, const char *str
, unsigned long bottom
,
127 * We need to switch to kernel mode so that we can use __get_user
128 * to safely read from kernel space. Note that we now dump the
129 * code first, just in case the backtrace kills us.
134 printk("%s%s(0x%08lx to 0x%08lx)\n", lvl
, str
, bottom
, top
);
136 for (first
= bottom
& ~31; first
< top
; first
+= 32) {
138 char str
[sizeof(" 12345678") * 8 + 1];
140 memset(str
, ' ', sizeof(str
));
141 str
[sizeof(str
) - 1] = '\0';
143 for (p
= first
, i
= 0; i
< 8 && p
< top
; i
++, p
+= 4) {
144 if (p
>= bottom
&& p
< top
) {
146 if (__get_user(val
, (unsigned long *)p
) == 0)
147 sprintf(str
+ i
* 9, " %08lx", val
);
149 sprintf(str
+ i
* 9, " ????????");
152 printk("%s%04lx:%s\n", lvl
, first
& 0xffff, str
);
158 static void __dump_instr(const char *lvl
, struct pt_regs
*regs
)
160 unsigned long addr
= instruction_pointer(regs
);
161 const int thumb
= thumb_mode(regs
);
162 const int width
= thumb
? 4 : 8;
163 char str
[sizeof("00000000 ") * 5 + 2 + 1], *p
= str
;
167 * Note that we now dump the code first, just in case the backtrace
171 for (i
= -4; i
< 1 + !!thumb
; i
++) {
172 unsigned int val
, bad
;
175 bad
= get_user(val
, &((u16
*)addr
)[i
]);
177 bad
= get_user(val
, &((u32
*)addr
)[i
]);
180 p
+= sprintf(p
, i
== 0 ? "(%0*x) " : "%0*x ",
183 p
+= sprintf(p
, "bad PC value");
187 printk("%sCode: %s\n", lvl
, str
);
190 static void dump_instr(const char *lvl
, struct pt_regs
*regs
)
194 if (!user_mode(regs
)) {
197 __dump_instr(lvl
, regs
);
200 __dump_instr(lvl
, regs
);
204 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_UNWIND
205 static inline void dump_backtrace(struct pt_regs
*regs
, struct task_struct
*tsk
)
207 unwind_backtrace(regs
, tsk
);
210 static void dump_backtrace(struct pt_regs
*regs
, struct task_struct
*tsk
)
212 unsigned int fp
, mode
;
215 printk("Backtrace: ");
221 fp
= frame_pointer(regs
);
222 mode
= processor_mode(regs
);
223 } else if (tsk
!= current
) {
224 fp
= thread_saved_fp(tsk
);
227 asm("mov %0, fp" : "=r" (fp
) : : "cc");
232 pr_cont("no frame pointer");
234 } else if (verify_stack(fp
)) {
235 pr_cont("invalid frame pointer 0x%08x", fp
);
237 } else if (fp
< (unsigned long)end_of_stack(tsk
))
238 pr_cont("frame pointer underflow");
242 c_backtrace(fp
, mode
);
246 void show_stack(struct task_struct
*tsk
, unsigned long *sp
)
248 dump_backtrace(NULL
, tsk
);
252 #ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT
253 #define S_PREEMPT " PREEMPT"
262 #ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
263 #define S_ISA " THUMB2"
268 static int __die(const char *str
, int err
, struct pt_regs
*regs
)
270 struct task_struct
*tsk
= current
;
271 static int die_counter
;
274 pr_emerg("Internal error: %s: %x [#%d]" S_PREEMPT S_SMP S_ISA
"\n",
275 str
, err
, ++die_counter
);
277 /* trap and error numbers are mostly meaningless on ARM */
278 ret
= notify_die(DIE_OOPS
, str
, regs
, err
, tsk
->thread
.trap_no
, SIGSEGV
);
279 if (ret
== NOTIFY_STOP
)
284 pr_emerg("Process %.*s (pid: %d, stack limit = 0x%p)\n",
285 TASK_COMM_LEN
, tsk
->comm
, task_pid_nr(tsk
), end_of_stack(tsk
));
287 if (!user_mode(regs
) || in_interrupt()) {
288 dump_mem(KERN_EMERG
, "Stack: ", regs
->ARM_sp
,
289 THREAD_SIZE
+ (unsigned long)task_stack_page(tsk
));
290 dump_backtrace(regs
, tsk
);
291 dump_instr(KERN_EMERG
, regs
);
297 static arch_spinlock_t die_lock
= __ARCH_SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED
;
298 static int die_owner
= -1;
299 static unsigned int die_nest_count
;
301 static unsigned long oops_begin(void)
308 /* racy, but better than risking deadlock. */
309 raw_local_irq_save(flags
);
310 cpu
= smp_processor_id();
311 if (!arch_spin_trylock(&die_lock
)) {
312 if (cpu
== die_owner
)
313 /* nested oops. should stop eventually */;
315 arch_spin_lock(&die_lock
);
324 static void oops_end(unsigned long flags
, struct pt_regs
*regs
, int signr
)
326 if (regs
&& kexec_should_crash(current
))
331 add_taint(TAINT_DIE
, LOCKDEP_NOW_UNRELIABLE
);
334 /* Nest count reaches zero, release the lock. */
335 arch_spin_unlock(&die_lock
);
336 raw_local_irq_restore(flags
);
340 panic("Fatal exception in interrupt");
342 panic("Fatal exception");
348 * This function is protected against re-entrancy.
350 void die(const char *str
, struct pt_regs
*regs
, int err
)
352 enum bug_trap_type bug_type
= BUG_TRAP_TYPE_NONE
;
353 unsigned long flags
= oops_begin();
356 if (!user_mode(regs
))
357 bug_type
= report_bug(regs
->ARM_pc
, regs
);
358 if (bug_type
!= BUG_TRAP_TYPE_NONE
)
361 if (__die(str
, err
, regs
))
364 oops_end(flags
, regs
, sig
);
367 void arm_notify_die(const char *str
, struct pt_regs
*regs
,
368 struct siginfo
*info
, unsigned long err
, unsigned long trap
)
370 if (user_mode(regs
)) {
371 current
->thread
.error_code
= err
;
372 current
->thread
.trap_no
= trap
;
374 force_sig_info(info
->si_signo
, info
, current
);
380 #ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_BUG
382 int is_valid_bugaddr(unsigned long pc
)
384 #ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
386 u16 insn
= __opcode_to_mem_thumb16(BUG_INSTR_VALUE
);
389 u32 insn
= __opcode_to_mem_arm(BUG_INSTR_VALUE
);
392 if (probe_kernel_address((unsigned *)pc
, bkpt
))
400 static LIST_HEAD(undef_hook
);
401 static DEFINE_RAW_SPINLOCK(undef_lock
);
403 void register_undef_hook(struct undef_hook
*hook
)
407 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&undef_lock
, flags
);
408 list_add(&hook
->node
, &undef_hook
);
409 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&undef_lock
, flags
);
412 void unregister_undef_hook(struct undef_hook
*hook
)
416 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&undef_lock
, flags
);
417 list_del(&hook
->node
);
418 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&undef_lock
, flags
);
421 static nokprobe_inline
422 int call_undef_hook(struct pt_regs
*regs
, unsigned int instr
)
424 struct undef_hook
*hook
;
426 int (*fn
)(struct pt_regs
*regs
, unsigned int instr
) = NULL
;
428 raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&undef_lock
, flags
);
429 list_for_each_entry(hook
, &undef_hook
, node
)
430 if ((instr
& hook
->instr_mask
) == hook
->instr_val
&&
431 (regs
->ARM_cpsr
& hook
->cpsr_mask
) == hook
->cpsr_val
)
433 raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&undef_lock
, flags
);
435 return fn
? fn(regs
, instr
) : 1;
438 asmlinkage
void __exception
do_undefinstr(struct pt_regs
*regs
)
444 pc
= (void __user
*)instruction_pointer(regs
);
446 if (processor_mode(regs
) == SVC_MODE
) {
447 #ifdef CONFIG_THUMB2_KERNEL
448 if (thumb_mode(regs
)) {
449 instr
= __mem_to_opcode_thumb16(((u16
*)pc
)[0]);
450 if (is_wide_instruction(instr
)) {
452 inst2
= __mem_to_opcode_thumb16(((u16
*)pc
)[1]);
453 instr
= __opcode_thumb32_compose(instr
, inst2
);
457 instr
= __mem_to_opcode_arm(*(u32
*) pc
);
458 } else if (thumb_mode(regs
)) {
459 if (get_user(instr
, (u16 __user
*)pc
))
461 instr
= __mem_to_opcode_thumb16(instr
);
462 if (is_wide_instruction(instr
)) {
464 if (get_user(instr2
, (u16 __user
*)pc
+1))
466 instr2
= __mem_to_opcode_thumb16(instr2
);
467 instr
= __opcode_thumb32_compose(instr
, instr2
);
470 if (get_user(instr
, (u32 __user
*)pc
))
472 instr
= __mem_to_opcode_arm(instr
);
475 if (call_undef_hook(regs
, instr
) == 0)
479 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_USER
480 if (user_debug
& UDBG_UNDEFINED
) {
481 pr_info("%s (%d): undefined instruction: pc=%p\n",
482 current
->comm
, task_pid_nr(current
), pc
);
484 dump_instr(KERN_INFO
, regs
);
488 info
.si_signo
= SIGILL
;
490 info
.si_code
= ILL_ILLOPC
;
493 arm_notify_die("Oops - undefined instruction", regs
, &info
, 0, 6);
495 NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(do_undefinstr
)
498 * Handle FIQ similarly to NMI on x86 systems.
500 * The runtime environment for NMIs is extremely restrictive
501 * (NMIs can pre-empt critical sections meaning almost all locking is
502 * forbidden) meaning this default FIQ handling must only be used in
503 * circumstances where non-maskability improves robustness, such as
504 * watchdog or debug logic.
506 * This handler is not appropriate for general purpose use in drivers
507 * platform code and can be overrideen using set_fiq_handler.
509 asmlinkage
void __exception_irq_entry
handle_fiq_as_nmi(struct pt_regs
*regs
)
511 struct pt_regs
*old_regs
= set_irq_regs(regs
);
515 /* nop. FIQ handlers for special arch/arm features can be added here. */
519 set_irq_regs(old_regs
);
523 * bad_mode handles the impossible case in the vectors. If you see one of
524 * these, then it's extremely serious, and could mean you have buggy hardware.
525 * It never returns, and never tries to sync. We hope that we can at least
526 * dump out some state information...
528 asmlinkage
void bad_mode(struct pt_regs
*regs
, int reason
)
532 pr_crit("Bad mode in %s handler detected\n", handler
[reason
]);
534 die("Oops - bad mode", regs
, 0);
539 static int bad_syscall(int n
, struct pt_regs
*regs
)
543 if ((current
->personality
& PER_MASK
) != PER_LINUX
) {
544 send_sig(SIGSEGV
, current
, 1);
548 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_USER
549 if (user_debug
& UDBG_SYSCALL
) {
550 pr_err("[%d] %s: obsolete system call %08x.\n",
551 task_pid_nr(current
), current
->comm
, n
);
552 dump_instr(KERN_ERR
, regs
);
556 info
.si_signo
= SIGILL
;
558 info
.si_code
= ILL_ILLTRP
;
559 info
.si_addr
= (void __user
*)instruction_pointer(regs
) -
560 (thumb_mode(regs
) ? 2 : 4);
562 arm_notify_die("Oops - bad syscall", regs
, &info
, n
, 0);
568 __do_cache_op(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
)
573 unsigned long chunk
= min(PAGE_SIZE
, end
- start
);
575 if (fatal_signal_pending(current
))
578 ret
= flush_cache_user_range(start
, start
+ chunk
);
584 } while (start
< end
);
590 do_cache_op(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
, int flags
)
592 if (end
< start
|| flags
)
595 if (!access_ok(VERIFY_READ
, start
, end
- start
))
598 return __do_cache_op(start
, end
);
602 * Handle all unrecognised system calls.
603 * 0x9f0000 - 0x9fffff are some more esoteric system calls
605 #define NR(x) ((__ARM_NR_##x) - __ARM_NR_BASE)
606 asmlinkage
int arm_syscall(int no
, struct pt_regs
*regs
)
610 if ((no
>> 16) != (__ARM_NR_BASE
>> 16))
611 return bad_syscall(no
, regs
);
613 switch (no
& 0xffff) {
614 case 0: /* branch through 0 */
615 info
.si_signo
= SIGSEGV
;
617 info
.si_code
= SEGV_MAPERR
;
620 arm_notify_die("branch through zero", regs
, &info
, 0, 0);
623 case NR(breakpoint
): /* SWI BREAK_POINT */
624 regs
->ARM_pc
-= thumb_mode(regs
) ? 2 : 4;
625 ptrace_break(current
, regs
);
629 * Flush a region from virtual address 'r0' to virtual address 'r1'
630 * _exclusive_. There is no alignment requirement on either address;
631 * user space does not need to know the hardware cache layout.
633 * r2 contains flags. It should ALWAYS be passed as ZERO until it
634 * is defined to be something else. For now we ignore it, but may
635 * the fires of hell burn in your belly if you break this rule. ;)
637 * (at a later date, we may want to allow this call to not flush
638 * various aspects of the cache. Passing '0' will guarantee that
639 * everything necessary gets flushed to maintain consistency in
640 * the specified region).
643 return do_cache_op(regs
->ARM_r0
, regs
->ARM_r1
, regs
->ARM_r2
);
646 if (!(elf_hwcap
& HWCAP_26BIT
))
648 regs
->ARM_cpsr
&= ~MODE32_BIT
;
652 if (!(elf_hwcap
& HWCAP_26BIT
))
654 regs
->ARM_cpsr
|= MODE32_BIT
;
658 set_tls(regs
->ARM_r0
);
662 /* Calls 9f00xx..9f07ff are defined to return -ENOSYS
663 if not implemented, rather than raising SIGILL. This
664 way the calling program can gracefully determine whether
665 a feature is supported. */
666 if ((no
& 0xffff) <= 0x7ff)
670 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_USER
672 * experience shows that these seem to indicate that
673 * something catastrophic has happened
675 if (user_debug
& UDBG_SYSCALL
) {
676 pr_err("[%d] %s: arm syscall %d\n",
677 task_pid_nr(current
), current
->comm
, no
);
678 dump_instr("", regs
);
679 if (user_mode(regs
)) {
681 c_backtrace(frame_pointer(regs
), processor_mode(regs
));
685 info
.si_signo
= SIGILL
;
687 info
.si_code
= ILL_ILLTRP
;
688 info
.si_addr
= (void __user
*)instruction_pointer(regs
) -
689 (thumb_mode(regs
) ? 2 : 4);
691 arm_notify_die("Oops - bad syscall(2)", regs
, &info
, no
, 0);
695 #ifdef CONFIG_TLS_REG_EMUL
698 * We might be running on an ARMv6+ processor which should have the TLS
699 * register but for some reason we can't use it, or maybe an SMP system
700 * using a pre-ARMv6 processor (there are apparently a few prototypes like
701 * that in existence) and therefore access to that register must be
705 static int get_tp_trap(struct pt_regs
*regs
, unsigned int instr
)
707 int reg
= (instr
>> 12) & 15;
710 regs
->uregs
[reg
] = current_thread_info()->tp_value
[0];
715 static struct undef_hook arm_mrc_hook
= {
716 .instr_mask
= 0x0fff0fff,
717 .instr_val
= 0x0e1d0f70,
718 .cpsr_mask
= PSR_T_BIT
,
723 static int __init
arm_mrc_hook_init(void)
725 register_undef_hook(&arm_mrc_hook
);
729 late_initcall(arm_mrc_hook_init
);
734 * A data abort trap was taken, but we did not handle the instruction.
735 * Try to abort the user program, or panic if it was the kernel.
738 baddataabort(int code
, unsigned long instr
, struct pt_regs
*regs
)
740 unsigned long addr
= instruction_pointer(regs
);
743 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_USER
744 if (user_debug
& UDBG_BADABORT
) {
745 pr_err("[%d] %s: bad data abort: code %d instr 0x%08lx\n",
746 task_pid_nr(current
), current
->comm
, code
, instr
);
747 dump_instr(KERN_ERR
, regs
);
748 show_pte(current
->mm
, addr
);
752 info
.si_signo
= SIGILL
;
754 info
.si_code
= ILL_ILLOPC
;
755 info
.si_addr
= (void __user
*)addr
;
757 arm_notify_die("unknown data abort code", regs
, &info
, instr
, 0);
760 void __readwrite_bug(const char *fn
)
762 pr_err("%s called, but not implemented\n", fn
);
765 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__readwrite_bug
);
767 void __pte_error(const char *file
, int line
, pte_t pte
)
769 pr_err("%s:%d: bad pte %08llx.\n", file
, line
, (long long)pte_val(pte
));
772 void __pmd_error(const char *file
, int line
, pmd_t pmd
)
774 pr_err("%s:%d: bad pmd %08llx.\n", file
, line
, (long long)pmd_val(pmd
));
777 void __pgd_error(const char *file
, int line
, pgd_t pgd
)
779 pr_err("%s:%d: bad pgd %08llx.\n", file
, line
, (long long)pgd_val(pgd
));
782 asmlinkage
void __div0(void)
784 pr_err("Division by zero in kernel.\n");
787 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__div0
);
793 /* if that doesn't kill us, halt */
794 panic("Oops failed to kill thread");
797 void __init
trap_init(void)
802 #ifdef CONFIG_KUSER_HELPERS
803 static void __init
kuser_init(void *vectors
)
805 extern char __kuser_helper_start
[], __kuser_helper_end
[];
806 int kuser_sz
= __kuser_helper_end
- __kuser_helper_start
;
808 memcpy(vectors
+ 0x1000 - kuser_sz
, __kuser_helper_start
, kuser_sz
);
811 * vectors + 0xfe0 = __kuser_get_tls
812 * vectors + 0xfe8 = hardware TLS instruction at 0xffff0fe8
814 if (tls_emu
|| has_tls_reg
)
815 memcpy(vectors
+ 0xfe0, vectors
+ 0xfe8, 4);
818 static inline void __init
kuser_init(void *vectors
)
823 void __init
early_trap_init(void *vectors_base
)
825 #ifndef CONFIG_CPU_V7M
826 unsigned long vectors
= (unsigned long)vectors_base
;
827 extern char __stubs_start
[], __stubs_end
[];
828 extern char __vectors_start
[], __vectors_end
[];
831 vectors_page
= vectors_base
;
834 * Poison the vectors page with an undefined instruction. This
835 * instruction is chosen to be undefined for both ARM and Thumb
836 * ISAs. The Thumb version is an undefined instruction with a
837 * branch back to the undefined instruction.
839 for (i
= 0; i
< PAGE_SIZE
/ sizeof(u32
); i
++)
840 ((u32
*)vectors_base
)[i
] = 0xe7fddef1;
843 * Copy the vectors, stubs and kuser helpers (in entry-armv.S)
844 * into the vector page, mapped at 0xffff0000, and ensure these
845 * are visible to the instruction stream.
847 memcpy((void *)vectors
, __vectors_start
, __vectors_end
- __vectors_start
);
848 memcpy((void *)vectors
+ 0x1000, __stubs_start
, __stubs_end
- __stubs_start
);
850 kuser_init(vectors_base
);
852 flush_icache_range(vectors
, vectors
+ PAGE_SIZE
* 2);
853 #else /* ifndef CONFIG_CPU_V7M */
855 * on V7-M there is no need to copy the vector table to a dedicated
856 * memory area. The address is configurable and so a table in the kernel