1 * Thermal Framework Device Tree descriptor
3 This file describes a generic binding to provide a way of
4 defining hardware thermal structure using device tree.
5 A thermal structure includes thermal zones and their components,
6 such as trip points, polling intervals, sensors and cooling devices
9 The target of device tree thermal descriptors is to describe only
10 the hardware thermal aspects. The thermal device tree bindings are
11 not about how the system must control or which algorithm or policy
12 must be taken in place.
14 There are five types of nodes involved to describe thermal bindings:
15 - thermal sensors: devices which may be used to take temperature
17 - cooling devices: devices which may be used to dissipate heat.
18 - trip points: describe key temperatures at which cooling is recommended. The
19 set of points should be chosen based on hardware limits.
20 - cooling maps: used to describe links between trip points and cooling devices;
21 - thermal zones: used to describe thermal data within the hardware;
23 The following is a description of each of these node types.
25 * Thermal sensor devices
27 Thermal sensor devices are nodes providing temperature sensing capabilities on
28 thermal zones. Typical devices are I2C ADC converters and bandgaps. These are
29 nodes providing temperature data to thermal zones. Thermal sensor devices may
30 control one or more internal sensors.
33 - #thermal-sensor-cells: Used to provide sensor device specific information
34 Type: unsigned while referring to it. Typically 0 on thermal sensor
35 Size: one cell nodes with only one sensor, and at least 1 on nodes
36 with several internal sensors, in order
37 to identify uniquely the sensor instances within
38 the IC. See thermal zone binding for more details
39 on how consumers refer to sensor devices.
41 * Cooling device nodes
43 Cooling devices are nodes providing control on power dissipation. There
44 are essentially two ways to provide control on power dissipation. First
45 is by means of regulating device performance, which is known as passive
46 cooling. A typical passive cooling is a CPU that has dynamic voltage and
47 frequency scaling (DVFS), and uses lower frequencies as cooling states.
48 Second is by means of activating devices in order to remove
49 the dissipated heat, which is known as active cooling, e.g. regulating
50 fan speeds. In both cases, cooling devices shall have a way to determine
51 the state of cooling in which the device is.
53 Any cooling device has a range of cooling states (i.e. different levels
54 of heat dissipation). For example a fan's cooling states correspond to
55 the different fan speeds possible. Cooling states are referred to by
56 single unsigned integers, where larger numbers mean greater heat
57 dissipation. The precise set of cooling states associated with a device
58 (as referred to be the cooling-min-state and cooling-max-state
59 properties) should be defined in a particular device's binding.
60 For more examples of cooling devices, refer to the example sections below.
63 - cooling-min-state: An integer indicating the smallest
64 Type: unsigned cooling state accepted. Typically 0.
67 - cooling-max-state: An integer indicating the largest
68 Type: unsigned cooling state accepted.
71 - #cooling-cells: Used to provide cooling device specific information
72 Type: unsigned while referring to it. Must be at least 2, in order
73 Size: one cell to specify minimum and maximum cooling state used
74 in the reference. The first cell is the minimum
75 cooling state requested and the second cell is
76 the maximum cooling state requested in the reference.
77 See Cooling device maps section below for more details
78 on how consumers refer to cooling devices.
82 The trip node is a node to describe a point in the temperature domain
83 in which the system takes an action. This node describes just the point,
87 - temperature: An integer indicating the trip temperature level,
88 Type: signed in millicelsius.
91 - hysteresis: A low hysteresis value on temperature property (above).
92 Type: unsigned This is a relative value, in millicelsius.
95 - type: a string containing the trip type. Expected values are:
96 "active": A trip point to enable active cooling
97 "passive": A trip point to enable passive cooling
98 "hot": A trip point to notify emergency
99 "critical": Hardware not reliable.
102 * Cooling device maps
104 The cooling device maps node is a node to describe how cooling devices
105 get assigned to trip points of the zone. The cooling devices are expected
106 to be loaded in the target system.
109 - cooling-device: A phandle of a cooling device with its specifier,
110 Type: phandle + referring to which cooling device is used in this
111 cooling specifier binding. In the cooling specifier, the first cell
112 is the minimum cooling state and the second cell
113 is the maximum cooling state used in this map.
114 - trip: A phandle of a trip point node within the same thermal
115 Type: phandle of zone.
119 - contribution: The cooling contribution to the thermal zone of the
120 Type: unsigned referred cooling device at the referred trip point.
121 Size: one cell The contribution is a ratio of the sum
122 of all cooling contributions within a thermal zone.
124 Note: Using the THERMAL_NO_LIMIT (-1UL) constant in the cooling-device phandle
125 limit specifier means:
126 (i) - minimum state allowed for minimum cooling state used in the reference.
127 (ii) - maximum state allowed for maximum cooling state used in the reference.
128 Refer to include/dt-bindings/thermal/thermal.h for definition of this constant.
132 The thermal zone node is the node containing all the required info
133 for describing a thermal zone, including its cooling device bindings. The
134 thermal zone node must contain, apart from its own properties, one sub-node
135 containing trip nodes and one sub-node containing all the zone cooling maps.
138 - polling-delay: The maximum number of milliseconds to wait between polls
139 Type: unsigned when checking this thermal zone.
142 - polling-delay-passive: The maximum number of milliseconds to wait
143 Type: unsigned between polls when performing passive cooling.
146 - thermal-sensors: A list of thermal sensor phandles and sensor specifier
147 Type: list of used while monitoring the thermal zone.
151 - trips: A sub-node which is a container of only trip point nodes
152 Type: sub-node required to describe the thermal zone.
154 - cooling-maps: A sub-node which is a container of only cooling device
155 Type: sub-node map nodes, used to describe the relation between trips
159 - coefficients: An array of integers (one signed cell) containing
160 Type: array coefficients to compose a linear relation between
161 Elem size: one cell the sensors listed in the thermal-sensors property.
162 Elem type: signed Coefficients defaults to 1, in case this property
163 is not specified. A simple linear polynomial is used:
164 Z = c0 * x0 + c1 + x1 + ... + c(n-1) * x(n-1) + cn.
166 The coefficients are ordered and they match with sensors
167 by means of sensor ID. Additional coefficients are
168 interpreted as constant offset.
170 - sustainable-power: An estimate of the sustainable power (in mW) that the
171 Type: unsigned thermal zone can dissipate at the desired
172 Size: one cell control temperature. For reference, the
173 sustainable power of a 4'' phone is typically
174 2000mW, while on a 10'' tablet is around
177 Note: The delay properties are bound to the maximum dT/dt (temperature
178 derivative over time) in two situations for a thermal zone:
179 (i) - when passive cooling is activated (polling-delay-passive); and
180 (ii) - when the zone just needs to be monitored (polling-delay) or
181 when active cooling is activated.
183 The maximum dT/dt is highly bound to hardware power consumption and dissipation
184 capability. The delays should be chosen to account for said max dT/dt,
185 such that a device does not cross several trip boundaries unexpectedly
186 between polls. Choosing the right polling delays shall avoid having the
187 device in temperature ranges that may damage the silicon structures and
188 reduce silicon lifetime.
190 * The thermal-zones node
192 The "thermal-zones" node is a container for all thermal zone nodes. It shall
193 contain only sub-nodes describing thermal zones as in the section
194 "Thermal zone nodes". The "thermal-zones" node appears under "/".
198 Below are several examples on how to use thermal data descriptors
199 using device tree bindings:
201 (a) - CPU thermal zone
203 The CPU thermal zone example below describes how to setup one thermal zone
204 using one single sensor as temperature source and many cooling devices and
205 power dissipation control sources.
207 #include <dt-bindings/thermal/thermal.h>
211 * Here is an example of describing a cooling device for a DVFS
212 * capable CPU. The CPU node describes its four OPPs.
213 * The cooling states possible are 0..3, and they are
214 * used as OPP indexes. The minimum cooling state is 0, which means
215 * all four OPPs can be available to the system. The maximum
216 * cooling state is 3, which means only the lowest OPPs (198MHz@0.85V)
217 * can be available in the system.
228 cooling-min-state = <0>;
229 cooling-max-state = <3>;
230 #cooling-cells = <2>; /* min followed by max */
238 * A simple fan controller which supports 10 speeds of operation
239 * (represented as 0-9).
243 cooling-min-state = <0>;
244 cooling-max-state = <9>;
245 #cooling-cells = <2>; /* min followed by max */
252 * A simple IC with a single bandgap temperature sensor.
254 bandgap0: bandgap@0x0000ED00 {
256 #thermal-sensor-cells = <0>;
261 cpu_thermal: cpu-thermal {
262 polling-delay-passive = <250>; /* milliseconds */
263 polling-delay = <1000>; /* milliseconds */
265 thermal-sensors = <&bandgap0>;
268 cpu_alert0: cpu-alert0 {
269 temperature = <90000>; /* millicelsius */
270 hysteresis = <2000>; /* millicelsius */
273 cpu_alert1: cpu-alert1 {
274 temperature = <100000>; /* millicelsius */
275 hysteresis = <2000>; /* millicelsius */
279 temperature = <125000>; /* millicelsius */
280 hysteresis = <2000>; /* millicelsius */
287 trip = <&cpu_alert0>;
288 cooling-device = <&fan0 THERMAL_NO_LIMIT 4>;
291 trip = <&cpu_alert1>;
292 cooling-device = <&fan0 5 THERMAL_NO_LIMIT>;
295 trip = <&cpu_alert1>;
297 <&cpu0 THERMAL_NO_LIMIT THERMAL_NO_LIMIT>;
303 In the example above, the ADC sensor (bandgap0) at address 0x0000ED00 is
304 used to monitor the zone 'cpu-thermal' using its sole sensor. A fan
305 device (fan0) is controlled via I2C bus 1, at address 0x48, and has ten
306 different cooling states 0-9. It is used to remove the heat out of
307 the thermal zone 'cpu-thermal' using its cooling states
308 from its minimum to 4, when it reaches trip point 'cpu_alert0'
309 at 90C, as an example of active cooling. The same cooling device is used at
310 'cpu_alert1', but from 5 to its maximum state. The cpu@0 device is also
311 linked to the same thermal zone, 'cpu-thermal', as a passive cooling device,
312 using all its cooling states at trip point 'cpu_alert1',
313 which is a trip point at 100C. On the thermal zone 'cpu-thermal', at the
314 temperature of 125C, represented by the trip point 'cpu_crit', the silicon
315 is not reliable anymore.
317 (b) - IC with several internal sensors
319 The example below describes how to deploy several thermal zones based off a
320 single sensor IC, assuming it has several internal sensors. This is a common
321 case on SoC designs with several internal IPs that may need different thermal
322 requirements, and thus may have their own sensor to monitor or detect internal
323 hotspots in their silicon.
325 #include <dt-bindings/thermal/thermal.h>
330 * A simple IC with several bandgap temperature sensors.
332 bandgap0: bandgap@0x0000ED00 {
334 #thermal-sensor-cells = <1>;
339 cpu_thermal: cpu-thermal {
340 polling-delay-passive = <250>; /* milliseconds */
341 polling-delay = <1000>; /* milliseconds */
344 thermal-sensors = <&bandgap0 0>;
347 /* each zone within the SoC may have its own trips */
348 cpu_alert: cpu-alert {
349 temperature = <100000>; /* millicelsius */
350 hysteresis = <2000>; /* millicelsius */
354 temperature = <125000>; /* millicelsius */
355 hysteresis = <2000>; /* millicelsius */
361 /* each zone within the SoC may have its own cooling */
366 gpu_thermal: gpu-thermal {
367 polling-delay-passive = <120>; /* milliseconds */
368 polling-delay = <1000>; /* milliseconds */
371 thermal-sensors = <&bandgap0 1>;
374 /* each zone within the SoC may have its own trips */
375 gpu_alert: gpu-alert {
376 temperature = <90000>; /* millicelsius */
377 hysteresis = <2000>; /* millicelsius */
381 temperature = <105000>; /* millicelsius */
382 hysteresis = <2000>; /* millicelsius */
388 /* each zone within the SoC may have its own cooling */
393 dsp_thermal: dsp-thermal {
394 polling-delay-passive = <50>; /* milliseconds */
395 polling-delay = <1000>; /* milliseconds */
398 thermal-sensors = <&bandgap0 2>;
401 /* each zone within the SoC may have its own trips */
402 dsp_alert: dsp-alert {
403 temperature = <90000>; /* millicelsius */
404 hysteresis = <2000>; /* millicelsius */
408 temperature = <135000>; /* millicelsius */
409 hysteresis = <2000>; /* millicelsius */
415 /* each zone within the SoC may have its own cooling */
421 In the example above, there is one bandgap IC which has the capability to
422 monitor three sensors. The hardware has been designed so that sensors are
423 placed on different places in the DIE to monitor different temperature
424 hotspots: one for CPU thermal zone, one for GPU thermal zone and the
425 other to monitor a DSP thermal zone.
427 Thus, there is a need to assign each sensor provided by the bandgap IC
428 to different thermal zones. This is achieved by means of using the
429 #thermal-sensor-cells property and using the first cell of the sensor
430 specifier as sensor ID. In the example, then, <bandgap 0> is used to
431 monitor CPU thermal zone, <bandgap 1> is used to monitor GPU thermal
432 zone and <bandgap 2> is used to monitor DSP thermal zone. Each zone
433 may be uncorrelated, having its own dT/dt requirements, trips
437 (c) - Several sensors within one single thermal zone
439 The example below illustrates how to use more than one sensor within
442 #include <dt-bindings/thermal/thermal.h>
447 * A simple IC with a single temperature sensor.
451 #thermal-sensor-cells = <0>;
458 * A simple IC with a single bandgap temperature sensor.
460 bandgap0: bandgap@0x0000ED00 {
462 #thermal-sensor-cells = <0>;
467 cpu_thermal: cpu-thermal {
468 polling-delay-passive = <250>; /* milliseconds */
469 polling-delay = <1000>; /* milliseconds */
471 thermal-sensors = <&bandgap0>, /* cpu */
472 <&adc>; /* pcb north */
474 /* hotspot = 100 * bandgap - 120 * adc + 484 */
475 coefficients = <100 -120 484>;
487 In some cases, there is a need to use more than one sensor to extrapolate
488 a thermal hotspot in the silicon. The above example illustrates this situation.
489 For instance, it may be the case that a sensor external to CPU IP may be placed
490 close to CPU hotspot and together with internal CPU sensor, it is used
491 to determine the hotspot. Assuming this is the case for the above example,
492 the hypothetical extrapolation rule would be:
493 hotspot = 100 * bandgap - 120 * adc + 484
495 In other context, the same idea can be used to add fixed offset. For instance,
496 consider the hotspot extrapolation rule below:
497 hotspot = 1 * adc + 6000
499 In the above equation, the hotspot is always 6C higher than what is read
500 from the ADC sensor. The binding would be then:
501 thermal-sensors = <&adc>;
503 /* hotspot = 1 * adc + 6000 */
504 coefficients = <1 6000>;
508 The board thermal example below illustrates how to setup one thermal zone
509 with many sensors and many cooling devices.
511 #include <dt-bindings/thermal/thermal.h>
516 * An IC with several temperature sensor.
518 adc_dummy: sensor@0x50 {
520 #thermal-sensor-cells = <1>; /* sensor internal ID */
526 polling-delay-passive = <500>; /* milliseconds */
527 polling-delay = <2500>; /* milliseconds */
530 thermal-sensors = <&adc_dummy 4>;
541 board_thermal: board-thermal {
542 polling-delay-passive = <1000>; /* milliseconds */
543 polling-delay = <2500>; /* milliseconds */
546 thermal-sensors = <&adc_dummy 0>, /* pcb top edge */
547 <&adc_dummy 1>, /* lcd */
548 <&adc_dummy 2>; /* back cover */
550 * An array of coefficients describing the sensor
551 * linear relation. E.g.:
552 * z = c1*x1 + c2*x2 + c3*x3
554 coefficients = <1200 -345 890>;
556 sustainable-power = <2500>;
559 /* Trips are based on resulting linear equation */
561 temperature = <60000>; /* millicelsius */
562 hysteresis = <2000>; /* millicelsius */
566 temperature = <55000>; /* millicelsius */
567 hysteresis = <2000>; /* millicelsius */
571 temperature = <53000>; /* millicelsius */
572 hysteresis = <2000>; /* millicelsius */
575 crit_trip: crit-trip {
576 temperature = <68000>; /* millicelsius */
577 hysteresis = <2000>; /* millicelsius */
585 cooling-device = <&cpu0 0 2>;
590 cooling-device = <&gpu0 0 2>;
595 cooling-device = <&lcd0 5 10>;
602 The above example is a mix of previous examples, a sensor IP with several internal
603 sensors used to monitor different zones, one of them is composed by several sensors and
604 with different cooling devices.