2 * bootmem - A boot-time physical memory allocator and configurator
4 * Copyright (C) 1999 Ingo Molnar
5 * 1999 Kanoj Sarcar, SGI
8 * Access to this subsystem has to be serialized externally (which is true
9 * for the boot process anyway).
11 #include <linux/init.h>
12 #include <linux/pfn.h>
13 #include <linux/slab.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/export.h>
16 #include <linux/kmemleak.h>
17 #include <linux/range.h>
18 #include <linux/memblock.h>
19 #include <linux/bug.h>
22 #include <asm/processor.h>
26 #ifndef CONFIG_NEED_MULTIPLE_NODES
27 struct pglist_data __refdata contig_page_data
= {
28 .bdata
= &bootmem_node_data
[0]
30 EXPORT_SYMBOL(contig_page_data
);
33 unsigned long max_low_pfn
;
34 unsigned long min_low_pfn
;
35 unsigned long max_pfn
;
37 bootmem_data_t bootmem_node_data
[MAX_NUMNODES
] __initdata
;
39 static struct list_head bdata_list __initdata
= LIST_HEAD_INIT(bdata_list
);
41 static int bootmem_debug
;
43 static int __init
bootmem_debug_setup(char *buf
)
48 early_param("bootmem_debug", bootmem_debug_setup
);
50 #define bdebug(fmt, args...) ({ \
51 if (unlikely(bootmem_debug)) \
57 static unsigned long __init
bootmap_bytes(unsigned long pages
)
59 unsigned long bytes
= DIV_ROUND_UP(pages
, 8);
61 return ALIGN(bytes
, sizeof(long));
65 * bootmem_bootmap_pages - calculate bitmap size in pages
66 * @pages: number of pages the bitmap has to represent
68 unsigned long __init
bootmem_bootmap_pages(unsigned long pages
)
70 unsigned long bytes
= bootmap_bytes(pages
);
72 return PAGE_ALIGN(bytes
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
;
78 static void __init
link_bootmem(bootmem_data_t
*bdata
)
82 list_for_each_entry(ent
, &bdata_list
, list
) {
83 if (bdata
->node_min_pfn
< ent
->node_min_pfn
) {
84 list_add_tail(&bdata
->list
, &ent
->list
);
89 list_add_tail(&bdata
->list
, &bdata_list
);
93 * Called once to set up the allocator itself.
95 static unsigned long __init
init_bootmem_core(bootmem_data_t
*bdata
,
96 unsigned long mapstart
, unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
)
98 unsigned long mapsize
;
100 mminit_validate_memmodel_limits(&start
, &end
);
101 bdata
->node_bootmem_map
= phys_to_virt(PFN_PHYS(mapstart
));
102 bdata
->node_min_pfn
= start
;
103 bdata
->node_low_pfn
= end
;
107 * Initially all pages are reserved - setup_arch() has to
108 * register free RAM areas explicitly.
110 mapsize
= bootmap_bytes(end
- start
);
111 memset(bdata
->node_bootmem_map
, 0xff, mapsize
);
113 bdebug("nid=%td start=%lx map=%lx end=%lx mapsize=%lx\n",
114 bdata
- bootmem_node_data
, start
, mapstart
, end
, mapsize
);
120 * init_bootmem_node - register a node as boot memory
121 * @pgdat: node to register
122 * @freepfn: pfn where the bitmap for this node is to be placed
123 * @startpfn: first pfn on the node
124 * @endpfn: first pfn after the node
126 * Returns the number of bytes needed to hold the bitmap for this node.
128 unsigned long __init
init_bootmem_node(pg_data_t
*pgdat
, unsigned long freepfn
,
129 unsigned long startpfn
, unsigned long endpfn
)
131 return init_bootmem_core(pgdat
->bdata
, freepfn
, startpfn
, endpfn
);
135 * init_bootmem - register boot memory
136 * @start: pfn where the bitmap is to be placed
137 * @pages: number of available physical pages
139 * Returns the number of bytes needed to hold the bitmap.
141 unsigned long __init
init_bootmem(unsigned long start
, unsigned long pages
)
145 return init_bootmem_core(NODE_DATA(0)->bdata
, start
, 0, pages
);
149 * free_bootmem_late - free bootmem pages directly to page allocator
150 * @addr: starting physical address of the range
151 * @size: size of the range in bytes
153 * This is only useful when the bootmem allocator has already been torn
154 * down, but we are still initializing the system. Pages are given directly
155 * to the page allocator, no bootmem metadata is updated because it is gone.
157 void __init
free_bootmem_late(unsigned long physaddr
, unsigned long size
)
159 unsigned long cursor
, end
;
161 kmemleak_free_part(__va(physaddr
), size
);
163 cursor
= PFN_UP(physaddr
);
164 end
= PFN_DOWN(physaddr
+ size
);
166 for (; cursor
< end
; cursor
++) {
167 __free_pages_bootmem(pfn_to_page(cursor
), cursor
, 0);
172 static unsigned long __init
free_all_bootmem_core(bootmem_data_t
*bdata
)
175 unsigned long *map
, start
, end
, pages
, cur
, count
= 0;
177 if (!bdata
->node_bootmem_map
)
180 map
= bdata
->node_bootmem_map
;
181 start
= bdata
->node_min_pfn
;
182 end
= bdata
->node_low_pfn
;
184 bdebug("nid=%td start=%lx end=%lx\n",
185 bdata
- bootmem_node_data
, start
, end
);
187 while (start
< end
) {
188 unsigned long idx
, vec
;
191 idx
= start
- bdata
->node_min_pfn
;
192 shift
= idx
& (BITS_PER_LONG
- 1);
194 * vec holds at most BITS_PER_LONG map bits,
195 * bit 0 corresponds to start.
197 vec
= ~map
[idx
/ BITS_PER_LONG
];
201 if (end
- start
>= BITS_PER_LONG
)
202 vec
|= ~map
[idx
/ BITS_PER_LONG
+ 1] <<
203 (BITS_PER_LONG
- shift
);
206 * If we have a properly aligned and fully unreserved
207 * BITS_PER_LONG block of pages in front of us, free
210 if (IS_ALIGNED(start
, BITS_PER_LONG
) && vec
== ~0UL) {
211 int order
= ilog2(BITS_PER_LONG
);
213 __free_pages_bootmem(pfn_to_page(start
), start
, order
);
214 count
+= BITS_PER_LONG
;
215 start
+= BITS_PER_LONG
;
219 start
= ALIGN(start
+ 1, BITS_PER_LONG
);
220 while (vec
&& cur
!= start
) {
222 page
= pfn_to_page(cur
);
223 __free_pages_bootmem(page
, cur
, 0);
232 cur
= bdata
->node_min_pfn
;
233 page
= virt_to_page(bdata
->node_bootmem_map
);
234 pages
= bdata
->node_low_pfn
- bdata
->node_min_pfn
;
235 pages
= bootmem_bootmap_pages(pages
);
238 __free_pages_bootmem(page
++, cur
++, 0);
240 bdebug("nid=%td released=%lx\n", bdata
- bootmem_node_data
, count
);
245 static int reset_managed_pages_done __initdata
;
247 void reset_node_managed_pages(pg_data_t
*pgdat
)
251 for (z
= pgdat
->node_zones
; z
< pgdat
->node_zones
+ MAX_NR_ZONES
; z
++)
252 z
->managed_pages
= 0;
255 void __init
reset_all_zones_managed_pages(void)
257 struct pglist_data
*pgdat
;
259 if (reset_managed_pages_done
)
262 for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat
)
263 reset_node_managed_pages(pgdat
);
265 reset_managed_pages_done
= 1;
269 * free_all_bootmem - release free pages to the buddy allocator
271 * Returns the number of pages actually released.
273 unsigned long __init
free_all_bootmem(void)
275 unsigned long total_pages
= 0;
276 bootmem_data_t
*bdata
;
278 reset_all_zones_managed_pages();
280 list_for_each_entry(bdata
, &bdata_list
, list
)
281 total_pages
+= free_all_bootmem_core(bdata
);
283 totalram_pages
+= total_pages
;
288 static void __init
__free(bootmem_data_t
*bdata
,
289 unsigned long sidx
, unsigned long eidx
)
293 bdebug("nid=%td start=%lx end=%lx\n", bdata
- bootmem_node_data
,
294 sidx
+ bdata
->node_min_pfn
,
295 eidx
+ bdata
->node_min_pfn
);
297 if (bdata
->hint_idx
> sidx
)
298 bdata
->hint_idx
= sidx
;
300 for (idx
= sidx
; idx
< eidx
; idx
++)
301 if (!test_and_clear_bit(idx
, bdata
->node_bootmem_map
))
305 static int __init
__reserve(bootmem_data_t
*bdata
, unsigned long sidx
,
306 unsigned long eidx
, int flags
)
309 int exclusive
= flags
& BOOTMEM_EXCLUSIVE
;
311 bdebug("nid=%td start=%lx end=%lx flags=%x\n",
312 bdata
- bootmem_node_data
,
313 sidx
+ bdata
->node_min_pfn
,
314 eidx
+ bdata
->node_min_pfn
,
317 for (idx
= sidx
; idx
< eidx
; idx
++)
318 if (test_and_set_bit(idx
, bdata
->node_bootmem_map
)) {
320 __free(bdata
, sidx
, idx
);
323 bdebug("silent double reserve of PFN %lx\n",
324 idx
+ bdata
->node_min_pfn
);
329 static int __init
mark_bootmem_node(bootmem_data_t
*bdata
,
330 unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
,
331 int reserve
, int flags
)
333 unsigned long sidx
, eidx
;
335 bdebug("nid=%td start=%lx end=%lx reserve=%d flags=%x\n",
336 bdata
- bootmem_node_data
, start
, end
, reserve
, flags
);
338 BUG_ON(start
< bdata
->node_min_pfn
);
339 BUG_ON(end
> bdata
->node_low_pfn
);
341 sidx
= start
- bdata
->node_min_pfn
;
342 eidx
= end
- bdata
->node_min_pfn
;
345 return __reserve(bdata
, sidx
, eidx
, flags
);
347 __free(bdata
, sidx
, eidx
);
351 static int __init
mark_bootmem(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
,
352 int reserve
, int flags
)
355 bootmem_data_t
*bdata
;
358 list_for_each_entry(bdata
, &bdata_list
, list
) {
362 if (pos
< bdata
->node_min_pfn
||
363 pos
>= bdata
->node_low_pfn
) {
364 BUG_ON(pos
!= start
);
368 max
= min(bdata
->node_low_pfn
, end
);
370 err
= mark_bootmem_node(bdata
, pos
, max
, reserve
, flags
);
371 if (reserve
&& err
) {
372 mark_bootmem(start
, pos
, 0, 0);
378 pos
= bdata
->node_low_pfn
;
384 * free_bootmem_node - mark a page range as usable
385 * @pgdat: node the range resides on
386 * @physaddr: starting address of the range
387 * @size: size of the range in bytes
389 * Partial pages will be considered reserved and left as they are.
391 * The range must reside completely on the specified node.
393 void __init
free_bootmem_node(pg_data_t
*pgdat
, unsigned long physaddr
,
396 unsigned long start
, end
;
398 kmemleak_free_part(__va(physaddr
), size
);
400 start
= PFN_UP(physaddr
);
401 end
= PFN_DOWN(physaddr
+ size
);
403 mark_bootmem_node(pgdat
->bdata
, start
, end
, 0, 0);
407 * free_bootmem - mark a page range as usable
408 * @addr: starting physical address of the range
409 * @size: size of the range in bytes
411 * Partial pages will be considered reserved and left as they are.
413 * The range must be contiguous but may span node boundaries.
415 void __init
free_bootmem(unsigned long physaddr
, unsigned long size
)
417 unsigned long start
, end
;
419 kmemleak_free_part(__va(physaddr
), size
);
421 start
= PFN_UP(physaddr
);
422 end
= PFN_DOWN(physaddr
+ size
);
424 mark_bootmem(start
, end
, 0, 0);
428 * reserve_bootmem_node - mark a page range as reserved
429 * @pgdat: node the range resides on
430 * @physaddr: starting address of the range
431 * @size: size of the range in bytes
432 * @flags: reservation flags (see linux/bootmem.h)
434 * Partial pages will be reserved.
436 * The range must reside completely on the specified node.
438 int __init
reserve_bootmem_node(pg_data_t
*pgdat
, unsigned long physaddr
,
439 unsigned long size
, int flags
)
441 unsigned long start
, end
;
443 start
= PFN_DOWN(physaddr
);
444 end
= PFN_UP(physaddr
+ size
);
446 return mark_bootmem_node(pgdat
->bdata
, start
, end
, 1, flags
);
450 * reserve_bootmem - mark a page range as reserved
451 * @addr: starting address of the range
452 * @size: size of the range in bytes
453 * @flags: reservation flags (see linux/bootmem.h)
455 * Partial pages will be reserved.
457 * The range must be contiguous but may span node boundaries.
459 int __init
reserve_bootmem(unsigned long addr
, unsigned long size
,
462 unsigned long start
, end
;
464 start
= PFN_DOWN(addr
);
465 end
= PFN_UP(addr
+ size
);
467 return mark_bootmem(start
, end
, 1, flags
);
470 static unsigned long __init
align_idx(struct bootmem_data
*bdata
,
471 unsigned long idx
, unsigned long step
)
473 unsigned long base
= bdata
->node_min_pfn
;
476 * Align the index with respect to the node start so that the
477 * combination of both satisfies the requested alignment.
480 return ALIGN(base
+ idx
, step
) - base
;
483 static unsigned long __init
align_off(struct bootmem_data
*bdata
,
484 unsigned long off
, unsigned long align
)
486 unsigned long base
= PFN_PHYS(bdata
->node_min_pfn
);
488 /* Same as align_idx for byte offsets */
490 return ALIGN(base
+ off
, align
) - base
;
493 static void * __init
alloc_bootmem_bdata(struct bootmem_data
*bdata
,
494 unsigned long size
, unsigned long align
,
495 unsigned long goal
, unsigned long limit
)
497 unsigned long fallback
= 0;
498 unsigned long min
, max
, start
, sidx
, midx
, step
;
500 bdebug("nid=%td size=%lx [%lu pages] align=%lx goal=%lx limit=%lx\n",
501 bdata
- bootmem_node_data
, size
, PAGE_ALIGN(size
) >> PAGE_SHIFT
,
505 BUG_ON(align
& (align
- 1));
506 BUG_ON(limit
&& goal
+ size
> limit
);
508 if (!bdata
->node_bootmem_map
)
511 min
= bdata
->node_min_pfn
;
512 max
= bdata
->node_low_pfn
;
515 limit
>>= PAGE_SHIFT
;
517 if (limit
&& max
> limit
)
522 step
= max(align
>> PAGE_SHIFT
, 1UL);
524 if (goal
&& min
< goal
&& goal
< max
)
525 start
= ALIGN(goal
, step
);
527 start
= ALIGN(min
, step
);
529 sidx
= start
- bdata
->node_min_pfn
;
530 midx
= max
- bdata
->node_min_pfn
;
532 if (bdata
->hint_idx
> sidx
) {
534 * Handle the valid case of sidx being zero and still
535 * catch the fallback below.
538 sidx
= align_idx(bdata
, bdata
->hint_idx
, step
);
544 unsigned long eidx
, i
, start_off
, end_off
;
546 sidx
= find_next_zero_bit(bdata
->node_bootmem_map
, midx
, sidx
);
547 sidx
= align_idx(bdata
, sidx
, step
);
548 eidx
= sidx
+ PFN_UP(size
);
550 if (sidx
>= midx
|| eidx
> midx
)
553 for (i
= sidx
; i
< eidx
; i
++)
554 if (test_bit(i
, bdata
->node_bootmem_map
)) {
555 sidx
= align_idx(bdata
, i
, step
);
561 if (bdata
->last_end_off
& (PAGE_SIZE
- 1) &&
562 PFN_DOWN(bdata
->last_end_off
) + 1 == sidx
)
563 start_off
= align_off(bdata
, bdata
->last_end_off
, align
);
565 start_off
= PFN_PHYS(sidx
);
567 merge
= PFN_DOWN(start_off
) < sidx
;
568 end_off
= start_off
+ size
;
570 bdata
->last_end_off
= end_off
;
571 bdata
->hint_idx
= PFN_UP(end_off
);
574 * Reserve the area now:
576 if (__reserve(bdata
, PFN_DOWN(start_off
) + merge
,
577 PFN_UP(end_off
), BOOTMEM_EXCLUSIVE
))
580 region
= phys_to_virt(PFN_PHYS(bdata
->node_min_pfn
) +
582 memset(region
, 0, size
);
584 * The min_count is set to 0 so that bootmem allocated blocks
585 * are never reported as leaks.
587 kmemleak_alloc(region
, size
, 0, 0);
592 sidx
= align_idx(bdata
, fallback
- 1, step
);
600 static void * __init
alloc_bootmem_core(unsigned long size
,
605 bootmem_data_t
*bdata
;
608 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(slab_is_available()))
609 return kzalloc(size
, GFP_NOWAIT
);
611 list_for_each_entry(bdata
, &bdata_list
, list
) {
612 if (goal
&& bdata
->node_low_pfn
<= PFN_DOWN(goal
))
614 if (limit
&& bdata
->node_min_pfn
>= PFN_DOWN(limit
))
617 region
= alloc_bootmem_bdata(bdata
, size
, align
, goal
, limit
);
625 static void * __init
___alloc_bootmem_nopanic(unsigned long size
,
633 ptr
= alloc_bootmem_core(size
, align
, goal
, limit
);
645 * __alloc_bootmem_nopanic - allocate boot memory without panicking
646 * @size: size of the request in bytes
647 * @align: alignment of the region
648 * @goal: preferred starting address of the region
650 * The goal is dropped if it can not be satisfied and the allocation will
651 * fall back to memory below @goal.
653 * Allocation may happen on any node in the system.
655 * Returns NULL on failure.
657 void * __init
__alloc_bootmem_nopanic(unsigned long size
, unsigned long align
,
660 unsigned long limit
= 0;
662 return ___alloc_bootmem_nopanic(size
, align
, goal
, limit
);
665 static void * __init
___alloc_bootmem(unsigned long size
, unsigned long align
,
666 unsigned long goal
, unsigned long limit
)
668 void *mem
= ___alloc_bootmem_nopanic(size
, align
, goal
, limit
);
673 * Whoops, we cannot satisfy the allocation request.
675 printk(KERN_ALERT
"bootmem alloc of %lu bytes failed!\n", size
);
676 panic("Out of memory");
681 * __alloc_bootmem - allocate boot memory
682 * @size: size of the request in bytes
683 * @align: alignment of the region
684 * @goal: preferred starting address of the region
686 * The goal is dropped if it can not be satisfied and the allocation will
687 * fall back to memory below @goal.
689 * Allocation may happen on any node in the system.
691 * The function panics if the request can not be satisfied.
693 void * __init
__alloc_bootmem(unsigned long size
, unsigned long align
,
696 unsigned long limit
= 0;
698 return ___alloc_bootmem(size
, align
, goal
, limit
);
701 void * __init
___alloc_bootmem_node_nopanic(pg_data_t
*pgdat
,
702 unsigned long size
, unsigned long align
,
703 unsigned long goal
, unsigned long limit
)
707 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(slab_is_available()))
708 return kzalloc(size
, GFP_NOWAIT
);
711 /* do not panic in alloc_bootmem_bdata() */
712 if (limit
&& goal
+ size
> limit
)
715 ptr
= alloc_bootmem_bdata(pgdat
->bdata
, size
, align
, goal
, limit
);
719 ptr
= alloc_bootmem_core(size
, align
, goal
, limit
);
731 void * __init
__alloc_bootmem_node_nopanic(pg_data_t
*pgdat
, unsigned long size
,
732 unsigned long align
, unsigned long goal
)
734 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(slab_is_available()))
735 return kzalloc_node(size
, GFP_NOWAIT
, pgdat
->node_id
);
737 return ___alloc_bootmem_node_nopanic(pgdat
, size
, align
, goal
, 0);
740 void * __init
___alloc_bootmem_node(pg_data_t
*pgdat
, unsigned long size
,
741 unsigned long align
, unsigned long goal
,
746 ptr
= ___alloc_bootmem_node_nopanic(pgdat
, size
, align
, goal
, 0);
750 printk(KERN_ALERT
"bootmem alloc of %lu bytes failed!\n", size
);
751 panic("Out of memory");
756 * __alloc_bootmem_node - allocate boot memory from a specific node
757 * @pgdat: node to allocate from
758 * @size: size of the request in bytes
759 * @align: alignment of the region
760 * @goal: preferred starting address of the region
762 * The goal is dropped if it can not be satisfied and the allocation will
763 * fall back to memory below @goal.
765 * Allocation may fall back to any node in the system if the specified node
766 * can not hold the requested memory.
768 * The function panics if the request can not be satisfied.
770 void * __init
__alloc_bootmem_node(pg_data_t
*pgdat
, unsigned long size
,
771 unsigned long align
, unsigned long goal
)
773 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(slab_is_available()))
774 return kzalloc_node(size
, GFP_NOWAIT
, pgdat
->node_id
);
776 return ___alloc_bootmem_node(pgdat
, size
, align
, goal
, 0);
779 void * __init
__alloc_bootmem_node_high(pg_data_t
*pgdat
, unsigned long size
,
780 unsigned long align
, unsigned long goal
)
783 unsigned long end_pfn
;
785 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(slab_is_available()))
786 return kzalloc_node(size
, GFP_NOWAIT
, pgdat
->node_id
);
788 /* update goal according ...MAX_DMA32_PFN */
789 end_pfn
= pgdat_end_pfn(pgdat
);
791 if (end_pfn
> MAX_DMA32_PFN
+ (128 >> (20 - PAGE_SHIFT
)) &&
792 (goal
>> PAGE_SHIFT
) < MAX_DMA32_PFN
) {
794 unsigned long new_goal
;
796 new_goal
= MAX_DMA32_PFN
<< PAGE_SHIFT
;
797 ptr
= alloc_bootmem_bdata(pgdat
->bdata
, size
, align
,
804 return __alloc_bootmem_node(pgdat
, size
, align
, goal
);
808 #ifndef ARCH_LOW_ADDRESS_LIMIT
809 #define ARCH_LOW_ADDRESS_LIMIT 0xffffffffUL
813 * __alloc_bootmem_low - allocate low boot memory
814 * @size: size of the request in bytes
815 * @align: alignment of the region
816 * @goal: preferred starting address of the region
818 * The goal is dropped if it can not be satisfied and the allocation will
819 * fall back to memory below @goal.
821 * Allocation may happen on any node in the system.
823 * The function panics if the request can not be satisfied.
825 void * __init
__alloc_bootmem_low(unsigned long size
, unsigned long align
,
828 return ___alloc_bootmem(size
, align
, goal
, ARCH_LOW_ADDRESS_LIMIT
);
831 void * __init
__alloc_bootmem_low_nopanic(unsigned long size
,
835 return ___alloc_bootmem_nopanic(size
, align
, goal
,
836 ARCH_LOW_ADDRESS_LIMIT
);
840 * __alloc_bootmem_low_node - allocate low boot memory from a specific node
841 * @pgdat: node to allocate from
842 * @size: size of the request in bytes
843 * @align: alignment of the region
844 * @goal: preferred starting address of the region
846 * The goal is dropped if it can not be satisfied and the allocation will
847 * fall back to memory below @goal.
849 * Allocation may fall back to any node in the system if the specified node
850 * can not hold the requested memory.
852 * The function panics if the request can not be satisfied.
854 void * __init
__alloc_bootmem_low_node(pg_data_t
*pgdat
, unsigned long size
,
855 unsigned long align
, unsigned long goal
)
857 if (WARN_ON_ONCE(slab_is_available()))
858 return kzalloc_node(size
, GFP_NOWAIT
, pgdat
->node_id
);
860 return ___alloc_bootmem_node(pgdat
, size
, align
,
861 goal
, ARCH_LOW_ADDRESS_LIMIT
);