1 Null block device driver
2 ================================================================================
6 The null block device (/dev/nullb*) is used for benchmarking the various
7 block-layer implementations. It emulates a block device of X gigabytes in size.
8 The following instances are possible:
10 Single-queue block-layer
12 - Single submission queue per device.
13 - Implements IO scheduling algorithms (CFQ, Deadline, noop).
14 Multi-queue block-layer
16 - Configurable submission queues per device.
17 No block-layer (Known as bio-based)
18 - Bio-based. IO requests are submitted directly to the device driver.
19 - Directly accepts bio data structure and returns them.
21 All of them have a completion queue for each core in the system.
23 II. Module parameters applicable for all instances:
25 queue_mode=[0-2]: Default: 2-Multi-queue
26 Selects which block-layer the module should instantiate with.
32 home_node=[0--nr_nodes]: Default: NUMA_NO_NODE
33 Selects what CPU node the data structures are allocated from.
35 gb=[Size in GB]: Default: 250GB
36 The size of the device reported to the system.
38 bs=[Block size (in bytes)]: Default: 512 bytes
39 The block size reported to the system.
41 nr_devices=[Number of devices]: Default: 1
42 Number of block devices instantiated. They are instantiated as /dev/nullb0,
45 irqmode=[0-2]: Default: 1-Soft-irq
46 The completion mode used for completing IOs to the block-layer.
49 1: Soft-irq. Uses IPI to complete IOs across CPU nodes. Simulates the overhead
50 when IOs are issued from another CPU node than the home the device is
52 2: Timer: Waits a specific period (completion_nsec) for each IO before
55 completion_nsec=[ns]: Default: 10,000ns
56 Combined with irqmode=2 (timer). The time each completion event must wait.
58 submit_queues=[1..nr_cpus]:
59 The number of submission queues attached to the device driver. If unset, it
60 defaults to 1. For multi-queue, it is ignored when use_per_node_hctx module
63 hw_queue_depth=[0..qdepth]: Default: 64
64 The hardware queue depth of the device.
66 III: Multi-queue specific parameters
68 use_per_node_hctx=[0/1]: Default: 0
69 0: The number of submit queues are set to the value of the submit_queues
71 1: The multi-queue block layer is instantiated with a hardware dispatch
72 queue for each CPU node in the system.
74 no_sched=[0/1]: Default: 0
75 0: nullb* use default blk-mq io scheduler.
76 1: nullb* doesn't use io scheduler.
78 blocking=[0/1]: Default: 0
79 0: Register as a non-blocking blk-mq driver device.
80 1: Register as a blocking blk-mq driver device, null_blk will set
81 the BLK_MQ_F_BLOCKING flag, indicating that it sometimes/always
82 needs to block in its ->queue_rq() function.
84 shared_tags=[0/1]: Default: 0
85 0: Tag set is not shared.
86 1: Tag set shared between devices for blk-mq. Only makes sense with
87 nr_devices > 1, otherwise there's no tag set to share.
89 zoned=[0/1]: Default: 0
90 0: Block device is exposed as a random-access block device.
91 1: Block device is exposed as a host-managed zoned block device. Requires
94 zone_size=[MB]: Default: 256
95 Per zone size when exposed as a zoned block device. Must be a power of two.
97 zone_nr_conv=[nr_conv]: Default: 0
98 The number of conventional zones to create when block device is zoned. If
99 zone_nr_conv >= nr_zones, it will be reduced to nr_zones - 1.