4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
8 * This function is used through-out the kernel (including mm and fs)
9 * to indicate a major problem.
11 #include <linux/debug_locks.h>
12 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
13 #include <linux/kmsg_dump.h>
14 #include <linux/kallsyms.h>
15 #include <linux/notifier.h>
16 #include <linux/module.h>
17 #include <linux/random.h>
18 #include <linux/ftrace.h>
19 #include <linux/reboot.h>
20 #include <linux/delay.h>
21 #include <linux/kexec.h>
22 #include <linux/sched.h>
23 #include <linux/sysrq.h>
24 #include <linux/init.h>
25 #include <linux/nmi.h>
26 #include <linux/console.h>
28 #define PANIC_TIMER_STEP 100
29 #define PANIC_BLINK_SPD 18
31 int panic_on_oops
= CONFIG_PANIC_ON_OOPS_VALUE
;
32 static unsigned long tainted_mask
;
33 static int pause_on_oops
;
34 static int pause_on_oops_flag
;
35 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pause_on_oops_lock
);
38 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(panic_timeout
);
40 ATOMIC_NOTIFIER_HEAD(panic_notifier_list
);
42 EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic_notifier_list
);
44 static long no_blink(int state
)
49 /* Returns how long it waited in ms */
50 long (*panic_blink
)(int state
);
51 EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic_blink
);
54 * Stop ourself in panic -- architecture code may override this
56 void __weak
panic_smp_self_stop(void)
63 * panic - halt the system
64 * @fmt: The text string to print
66 * Display a message, then perform cleanups.
68 * This function never returns.
70 void panic(const char *fmt
, ...)
72 static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(panic_lock
);
73 static char buf
[1024];
79 * Disable local interrupts. This will prevent panic_smp_self_stop
80 * from deadlocking the first cpu that invokes the panic, since
81 * there is nothing to prevent an interrupt handler (that runs
82 * after the panic_lock is acquired) from invoking panic again.
87 * It's possible to come here directly from a panic-assertion and
88 * not have preempt disabled. Some functions called from here want
89 * preempt to be disabled. No point enabling it later though...
91 * Only one CPU is allowed to execute the panic code from here. For
92 * multiple parallel invocations of panic, all other CPUs either
93 * stop themself or will wait until they are stopped by the 1st CPU
94 * with smp_send_stop().
96 if (!spin_trylock(&panic_lock
))
97 panic_smp_self_stop();
102 vsnprintf(buf
, sizeof(buf
), fmt
, args
);
104 printk(KERN_EMERG
"Kernel panic - not syncing: %s\n",buf
);
105 #ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE
107 * Avoid nested stack-dumping if a panic occurs during oops processing
109 if (!test_taint(TAINT_DIE
) && oops_in_progress
<= 1)
114 * If we have crashed and we have a crash kernel loaded let it handle
116 * Do we want to call this before we try to display a message?
121 * Note smp_send_stop is the usual smp shutdown function, which
122 * unfortunately means it may not be hardened to work in a panic
128 * Run any panic handlers, including those that might need to
129 * add information to the kmsg dump output.
131 atomic_notifier_call_chain(&panic_notifier_list
, 0, buf
);
133 kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_PANIC
);
138 * We may have ended up stopping the CPU holding the lock (in
139 * smp_send_stop()) while still having some valuable data in the console
140 * buffer. Try to acquire the lock then release it regardless of the
141 * result. The release will also print the buffers out.
143 console_flush_on_panic();
146 panic_blink
= no_blink
;
148 if (panic_timeout
> 0) {
150 * Delay timeout seconds before rebooting the machine.
151 * We can't use the "normal" timers since we just panicked.
153 printk(KERN_EMERG
"Rebooting in %d seconds..", panic_timeout
);
155 for (i
= 0; i
< panic_timeout
* 1000; i
+= PANIC_TIMER_STEP
) {
156 touch_nmi_watchdog();
158 i
+= panic_blink(state
^= 1);
159 i_next
= i
+ 3600 / PANIC_BLINK_SPD
;
161 mdelay(PANIC_TIMER_STEP
);
164 if (panic_timeout
!= 0) {
166 * This will not be a clean reboot, with everything
167 * shutting down. But if there is a chance of
168 * rebooting the system it will be rebooted.
174 extern int stop_a_enabled
;
175 /* Make sure the user can actually press Stop-A (L1-A) */
177 printk(KERN_EMERG
"Press Stop-A (L1-A) to return to the boot prom\n");
180 #if defined(CONFIG_S390)
182 unsigned long caller
;
184 caller
= (unsigned long)__builtin_return_address(0);
185 disabled_wait(caller
);
189 for (i
= 0; ; i
+= PANIC_TIMER_STEP
) {
190 touch_softlockup_watchdog();
192 i
+= panic_blink(state
^= 1);
193 i_next
= i
+ 3600 / PANIC_BLINK_SPD
;
195 mdelay(PANIC_TIMER_STEP
);
199 EXPORT_SYMBOL(panic
);
208 static const struct tnt tnts
[] = {
209 { TAINT_PROPRIETARY_MODULE
, 'P', 'G' },
210 { TAINT_FORCED_MODULE
, 'F', ' ' },
211 { TAINT_UNSAFE_SMP
, 'S', ' ' },
212 { TAINT_FORCED_RMMOD
, 'R', ' ' },
213 { TAINT_MACHINE_CHECK
, 'M', ' ' },
214 { TAINT_BAD_PAGE
, 'B', ' ' },
215 { TAINT_USER
, 'U', ' ' },
216 { TAINT_DIE
, 'D', ' ' },
217 { TAINT_OVERRIDDEN_ACPI_TABLE
, 'A', ' ' },
218 { TAINT_WARN
, 'W', ' ' },
219 { TAINT_CRAP
, 'C', ' ' },
220 { TAINT_FIRMWARE_WORKAROUND
, 'I', ' ' },
221 { TAINT_OOT_MODULE
, 'O', ' ' },
225 * print_tainted - return a string to represent the kernel taint state.
227 * 'P' - Proprietary module has been loaded.
228 * 'F' - Module has been forcibly loaded.
229 * 'S' - SMP with CPUs not designed for SMP.
230 * 'R' - User forced a module unload.
231 * 'M' - System experienced a machine check exception.
232 * 'B' - System has hit bad_page.
233 * 'U' - Userspace-defined naughtiness.
234 * 'D' - Kernel has oopsed before
235 * 'A' - ACPI table overridden.
236 * 'W' - Taint on warning.
237 * 'C' - modules from drivers/staging are loaded.
238 * 'I' - Working around severe firmware bug.
239 * 'O' - Out-of-tree module has been loaded.
241 * The string is overwritten by the next call to print_tainted().
243 const char *print_tainted(void)
245 static char buf
[ARRAY_SIZE(tnts
) + sizeof("Tainted: ") + 1];
251 s
= buf
+ sprintf(buf
, "Tainted: ");
252 for (i
= 0; i
< ARRAY_SIZE(tnts
); i
++) {
253 const struct tnt
*t
= &tnts
[i
];
254 *s
++ = test_bit(t
->bit
, &tainted_mask
) ?
259 snprintf(buf
, sizeof(buf
), "Not tainted");
264 int test_taint(unsigned flag
)
266 return test_bit(flag
, &tainted_mask
);
268 EXPORT_SYMBOL(test_taint
);
270 unsigned long get_taint(void)
276 * add_taint: add a taint flag if not already set.
277 * @flag: one of the TAINT_* constants.
278 * @lockdep_ok: whether lock debugging is still OK.
280 * If something bad has gone wrong, you'll want @lockdebug_ok = false, but for
281 * some notewortht-but-not-corrupting cases, it can be set to true.
283 void add_taint(unsigned flag
, enum lockdep_ok lockdep_ok
)
285 if (lockdep_ok
== LOCKDEP_NOW_UNRELIABLE
&& __debug_locks_off())
287 "Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint\n");
289 set_bit(flag
, &tainted_mask
);
291 EXPORT_SYMBOL(add_taint
);
293 static void spin_msec(int msecs
)
297 for (i
= 0; i
< msecs
; i
++) {
298 touch_nmi_watchdog();
304 * It just happens that oops_enter() and oops_exit() are identically
307 static void do_oops_enter_exit(void)
310 static int spin_counter
;
315 spin_lock_irqsave(&pause_on_oops_lock
, flags
);
316 if (pause_on_oops_flag
== 0) {
317 /* This CPU may now print the oops message */
318 pause_on_oops_flag
= 1;
320 /* We need to stall this CPU */
322 /* This CPU gets to do the counting */
323 spin_counter
= pause_on_oops
;
325 spin_unlock(&pause_on_oops_lock
);
326 spin_msec(MSEC_PER_SEC
);
327 spin_lock(&pause_on_oops_lock
);
328 } while (--spin_counter
);
329 pause_on_oops_flag
= 0;
331 /* This CPU waits for a different one */
332 while (spin_counter
) {
333 spin_unlock(&pause_on_oops_lock
);
335 spin_lock(&pause_on_oops_lock
);
339 spin_unlock_irqrestore(&pause_on_oops_lock
, flags
);
343 * Return true if the calling CPU is allowed to print oops-related info.
344 * This is a bit racy..
346 int oops_may_print(void)
348 return pause_on_oops_flag
== 0;
352 * Called when the architecture enters its oops handler, before it prints
353 * anything. If this is the first CPU to oops, and it's oopsing the first
354 * time then let it proceed.
356 * This is all enabled by the pause_on_oops kernel boot option. We do all
357 * this to ensure that oopses don't scroll off the screen. It has the
358 * side-effect of preventing later-oopsing CPUs from mucking up the display,
361 * It turns out that the CPU which is allowed to print ends up pausing for
362 * the right duration, whereas all the other CPUs pause for twice as long:
363 * once in oops_enter(), once in oops_exit().
365 void oops_enter(void)
368 /* can't trust the integrity of the kernel anymore: */
370 do_oops_enter_exit();
374 * 64-bit random ID for oopses:
378 static int init_oops_id(void)
381 get_random_bytes(&oops_id
, sizeof(oops_id
));
387 late_initcall(init_oops_id
);
389 void print_oops_end_marker(void)
392 printk(KERN_WARNING
"---[ end trace %016llx ]---\n",
393 (unsigned long long)oops_id
);
397 * Called when the architecture exits its oops handler, after printing
402 do_oops_enter_exit();
403 print_oops_end_marker();
404 kmsg_dump(KMSG_DUMP_OOPS
);
407 #ifdef WANT_WARN_ON_SLOWPATH
408 struct slowpath_args
{
413 static void warn_slowpath_common(const char *file
, int line
, void *caller
,
414 unsigned taint
, struct slowpath_args
*args
)
416 disable_trace_on_warning();
418 pr_warn("------------[ cut here ]------------\n");
419 pr_warn("WARNING: CPU: %d PID: %d at %s:%d %pS()\n",
420 raw_smp_processor_id(), current
->pid
, file
, line
, caller
);
423 vprintk(args
->fmt
, args
->args
);
427 print_oops_end_marker();
428 /* Just a warning, don't kill lockdep. */
429 add_taint(taint
, LOCKDEP_STILL_OK
);
432 void warn_slowpath_fmt(const char *file
, int line
, const char *fmt
, ...)
434 struct slowpath_args args
;
437 va_start(args
.args
, fmt
);
438 warn_slowpath_common(file
, line
, __builtin_return_address(0),
442 EXPORT_SYMBOL(warn_slowpath_fmt
);
444 void warn_slowpath_fmt_taint(const char *file
, int line
,
445 unsigned taint
, const char *fmt
, ...)
447 struct slowpath_args args
;
450 va_start(args
.args
, fmt
);
451 warn_slowpath_common(file
, line
, __builtin_return_address(0),
455 EXPORT_SYMBOL(warn_slowpath_fmt_taint
);
457 void warn_slowpath_null(const char *file
, int line
)
459 warn_slowpath_common(file
, line
, __builtin_return_address(0),
462 EXPORT_SYMBOL(warn_slowpath_null
);
465 #ifdef CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR
468 * Called when gcc's -fstack-protector feature is used, and
469 * gcc detects corruption of the on-stack canary value
471 void __stack_chk_fail(void)
473 panic("stack-protector: Kernel stack is corrupted in: %p\n",
474 __builtin_return_address(0));
476 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__stack_chk_fail
);
480 core_param(panic
, panic_timeout
, int, 0644);
481 core_param(pause_on_oops
, pause_on_oops
, int, 0644);
483 static int __init
oops_setup(char *s
)
487 if (!strcmp(s
, "panic"))
491 early_param("oops", oops_setup
);