4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as implemented
5 (mostly) by the __setup() macro and sorted into English Dictionary order
6 (defined as ignoring all punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a
7 case insensitive manner), and with descriptions where known.
9 Module parameters for loadable modules are specified only as the
10 parameter name with optional '=' and value as appropriate, such as:
12 modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
14 Module parameters for modules that are built into the kernel image
15 are specified on the kernel command line with the module name plus
16 '.' plus parameter name, with '=' and value if appropriate, such as:
18 usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
21 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
22 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
23 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
24 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
25 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
27 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
28 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
29 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
30 parameter is applicable:
32 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
33 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
34 APIC APIC support is enabled.
35 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
36 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
37 CD Appropriate CD support is enabled.
38 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
39 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
40 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
41 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
42 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
43 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
44 IA-32 IA-32 aka i386 architecture is enabled.
45 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
46 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
47 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
48 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
49 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
50 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
51 LIBATA Libata driver is enabled
52 LP Printer support is enabled.
53 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
54 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
55 These options have more detailed description inside of
56 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
57 MCA MCA bus support is enabled.
58 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
59 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
60 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
61 MTD MTD support is enabled.
62 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
63 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
64 GENERIC_TIME The generic timeofday code is enabled.
65 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
66 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
67 PARIDE The ParIDE subsystem is enabled.
68 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
69 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
70 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
71 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
72 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
73 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
74 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
75 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
76 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
77 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
78 A lot of drivers has their options described inside of
80 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
81 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
82 SH SuperH architecture is enabled.
83 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
84 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
85 SWSUSP Software suspend is enabled.
86 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
87 USB USB support is enabled.
88 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
89 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
90 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
91 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
92 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
93 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
94 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
95 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
96 Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
98 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
100 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
101 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
102 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
104 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
105 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
106 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
107 need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>.
109 There are also arch-specific kernel-parameters not documented here.
110 See for example <Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt>.
112 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
113 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
114 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
115 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
116 running once the system is up.
118 The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
119 complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
120 a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
121 and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
122 ./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
125 53c7xx= [HW,SCSI] Amiga SCSI controllers
126 See header of drivers/scsi/53c7xx.c.
127 See also Documentation/scsi/ncr53c7xx.txt.
129 acpi= [HW,ACPI,X86-64,i386]
130 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
131 Format: { force | off | ht | strict | noirq }
132 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
133 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
134 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
135 ht -- run only enough ACPI to enable Hyper Threading
136 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
137 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
139 See also Documentation/pm.txt, pci=noacpi
141 acpi_apic_instance= [ACPI, IOAPIC]
143 2: use 2nd APIC table, if available
144 1,0: use 1st APIC table
147 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
148 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode }
149 See Documentation/power/video.txt
151 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
152 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
154 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
155 ACPI will balance active IRQs
158 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
159 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
162 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
164 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
166 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
167 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
169 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
170 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
172 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] empty param disables _OSI
174 acpi_serialize [HW,ACPI] force serialization of AML methods
176 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
177 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
178 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
179 acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI}
180 Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards
181 that require a timer override, but don't have
184 acpi_dbg_layer= [HW,ACPI]
186 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug layer,
187 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
188 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
189 via /proc/acpi/debug_layer.
191 acpi_dbg_level= [HW,ACPI]
193 Each bit of the <int> indicates an ACPI debug level,
194 1: enable, 0: disable. It is useful for boot time
195 debugging. After system has booted up, it can be set
196 via /proc/acpi/debug_level.
198 acpi_fake_ecdt [HW,ACPI] Workaround failure due to BIOS lacking ECDT
200 acpi_generic_hotkey [HW,ACPI]
201 Allow consolidated generic hotkey driver to
202 override platform specific driver.
203 See also Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt.
205 acpi_pm_good [IA-32,X86-64]
206 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
207 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
208 and always returns good values.
210 enable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
211 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
212 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
213 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
214 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
216 disable_timer_pin_1 [i386,x86-64]
217 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
218 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
221 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
222 See also Documentation/sound/oss/AD1816.
225 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<type>
231 See header of drivers/scsi/advansys.c.
233 advwdt= [HW,WDT] Advantech WDT
234 Format: <iostart>,<iostop>
236 aedsp16= [HW,OSS] Audio Excel DSP 16
237 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
238 See also header of sound/oss/aedsp16.c.
241 See Documentation/scsi/aha152x.txt.
244 Format: <portbase>[,<buson>,<busoff>[,<dmaspeed>]]
247 See Documentation/scsi/aic7xxx.txt.
250 See Documentation/scsi/aic79xx.txt.
252 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
253 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
255 See also Documentation/kernel/input/joystick.txt
257 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
258 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
259 connected to one of 16 gameports
260 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
263 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
265 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
266 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
267 APC and your system crashes randomly.
269 apic= [APIC,i386] Change the output verbosity whilst booting
270 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
271 Change the amount of debugging information output
272 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
274 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
275 See header of arch/i386/kernel/apm.c.
280 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
281 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
285 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
287 atascsi= [HW,SCSI] Atari SCSI
289 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
290 EzKey and similar keyboards
292 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
294 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
295 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
297 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
300 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
301 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
303 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
304 Use software keyboard repeat
308 aztcd= [HW,CD] Aztech CD268 CDROM driver
309 Format: <io>,0x79 (?)
311 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
314 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
316 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
318 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
319 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
320 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
321 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
323 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
324 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
325 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
326 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
328 blkmtd_device= [HW,MTD]
334 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
335 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
337 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
338 bttv.tuner= and Documentation/video4linux/bttv/CARDLIST
341 See drivers/scsi/BusLogic.c, comment before function
342 BusLogic_ParseDriverOptions().
344 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
346 cachesize= [BUGS=IA-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
347 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
348 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
349 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
350 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
351 This option provides an override for these situations.
354 Format: <io>,<irq>[,PAS]
355 See header of drivers/cdrom/cdu31a.c.
357 chandev= [HW,NET] Generic channel device initialisation
359 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
360 Format: { "0" | "1" }
361 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
362 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
363 any implied execute protection).
364 1 -- check protection requested by application.
365 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
366 Value can be changed at runtime via
367 /selinux/checkreqprot.
369 clock= [BUGS=IA-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
371 Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
372 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
373 clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
374 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
376 code_bytes [IA32] How many bytes of object code to print in an
383 [IA32/X86_64] Disable/Enable interrupt 0 timer routing
384 over the 8254 in addition to over the IO-APIC. The
385 kernel tries to set a sensible default.
387 hpet= [IA-32,HPET] option to disable HPET and use PIT.
391 Format: { auto | [<io>,][<irq>] }
393 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
395 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
397 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
401 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
402 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
404 condev= [HW,S390] console device
407 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
409 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
413 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
414 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
415 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
416 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
417 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
419 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
421 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
424 uart,io,<addr>[,options]
425 uart,mmio,<addr>[,options]
426 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
427 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
428 switching to the matching ttyS device later. The
429 options are the same as for ttyS, above.
431 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
433 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
436 Format: { parport<nr> | auto | none }
438 crashkernel=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
439 [KNL] Reserve a chunk of physical memory to
440 hold a kernel to switch to with kexec on panic.
443 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mpuio>,<mpuirq>
448 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
449 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
451 cyclades= [HW,SERIAL] Cyclades multi-serial port adapter.
454 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
456 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
457 (one device per port)
458 Format: <port#>,<type>
459 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
461 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
464 [KNL] verbose self-tests
466 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
468 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
469 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
470 only useful to kernel developers.
473 Format: <area>[,<node>]
474 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
477 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
480 IO parameters + enable/disable command.
482 digiepca= [HW,SERIAL]
483 See drivers/char/README.epca and
484 Documentation/digiepca.txt.
486 dmascc= [HW,AX25,SERIAL] AX.25 Z80SCC driver with DMA
488 Format: <io_dev0>[,<io_dev1>[,..<io_dev32>]]
490 dmasound= [HW,OSS] Sound subsystem buffers
496 earlyprintk= [IA-32,X86-64,SH]
498 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
500 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
503 Only vga or serial at a time, not both.
505 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 are supported.
507 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
510 The VGA output is eventually overwritten by the real
515 ec_intr= [HW,ACPI] ACPI Embedded Controller interrupt mode
518 non-0: interrupt mode (default)
525 Format: {"of[f]" | "sk[ipmbr]"}
526 See comment in arch/i386/boot/edd.S
529 Format: <id>,<membase>,<irq>
531 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
532 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
535 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
536 arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
539 Format: {"anticipatory" | "cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
540 See Documentation/block/as-iosched.txt and
541 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
543 elfcorehdr= [IA-32, X86_64]
544 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
545 image elf header. Generally kexec loader will
546 pass this option to capture kernel.
547 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
549 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
551 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
552 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
553 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
555 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
558 Format: <spdif>,[<nomix>,[<amplifier>]]
559 See also header of sound/oss/es1371.c.
561 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
562 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
563 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
565 eurwdt= [HW,WDT] Eurotech CPU-1220/1410 onboard watchdog.
570 fail_make_request=[KNL]
571 General fault injection mechanism.
572 Format: <interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
573 See also /Documentation/fault-injection/.
576 See header of drivers/scsi/fd_mcs.c.
579 See header of drivers/scsi/fdomain.c.
582 See Documentation/floppy.txt.
585 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
586 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
587 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
588 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
593 See header of drivers/scsi/gdth.c.
595 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
596 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT.
603 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
604 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
605 for IA-64, off otherwise.
606 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
608 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
610 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
611 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
613 hd?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
614 hd?lun= See Documentation/ide.txt.
616 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
617 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
618 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
619 size on bigger boxes.
621 highres= [KNL] Enable/disable high resolution timer mode.
622 Valid parameters: "on", "off"
626 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
628 hugepages= [HW,IA-32,IA-64] Maximal number of HugeTLB pages.
630 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
631 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
632 keyboard and cannot control its state
633 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
634 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
635 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
636 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
638 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
641 [HW] Frequency with which keyboard LEDs should blink
642 when kernel panics (default is 0.5 sec)
643 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
644 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
648 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
649 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
651 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
652 does not match list of supported models.
654 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
655 (disabled by default)
656 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
659 ibmmcascsi= [HW,MCA,SCSI] IBM MicroChannel SCSI adapter
660 See Documentation/mca.txt.
663 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
665 ide= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
666 Format: ide=nodma or ide=doubler or ide=reverse
667 See Documentation/ide.txt.
669 ide?= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
670 Format: ide?=noprobe or chipset specific parameters.
671 See Documentation/ide.txt.
673 idebus= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem - VLB/PCI bus speed
674 See Documentation/ide.txt.
677 Format: idle=poll or idle=halt
679 ignore_loglevel [KNL]
680 Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/
681 kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging.
684 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
687 See header of drivers/scsi/in2000.c.
691 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
694 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
695 for working out where the kernel is dying during
698 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
700 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
703 combined_mode= [HW] control which driver uses IDE ports in combined
704 mode: legacy IDE driver, libata, or both
705 (in the libata case, libata.atapi_enabled=1 may be
706 useful as well). Note that using the ide or libata
707 options may affect your device naming (e.g. by
708 changing hdc to sdb).
709 Format: combined (default), ide, or libata
713 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
714 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
715 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
718 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
720 ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards
721 See comment before ip2_setup() in drivers/char/ip2.c.
723 ips= [HW,SCSI] Adaptec / IBM ServeRAID controller
724 See header of drivers/scsi/ips.c.
726 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
728 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
730 Format: <port>,<port>....
733 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
734 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
738 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
739 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
740 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
744 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
746 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
748 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
750 <cpu number>-<cpu number> (must be a positive range in ascending order)
752 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
753 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
754 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
755 algorithms. The only way to move a process onto or off
756 an "isolated" CPU is via the CPU affinity syscalls.
757 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
758 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
760 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
761 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
762 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
763 suboptimal load balancer performance.
766 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<setup>
770 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
771 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
775 kstack=N [IA-32,X86-64] Print N words from the kernel stack
780 lapic [IA-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
783 lapic_timer_c2_ok [IA-32,x86-64,APIC] trust the local apic timer in
786 lasi= [HW,SCSI] PARISC LASI driver for the 53c700 chip
787 Format: addr:<io>,irq:<irq>
789 llsc*= [IA64] See function print_params() in
790 arch/ia64/sn/kernel/llsc4.c.
792 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
793 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
795 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
798 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
801 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
804 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
807 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
810 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
811 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
812 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
813 loglevels are defined as follows:
815 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
816 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
817 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
818 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
819 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
820 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
821 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
822 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
824 log_buf_len=n Sets the size of the printk ring buffer, in bytes.
825 Format: { n | nk | nM }
826 n must be a power of two. The default size
827 is set in the kernel config file.
829 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
830 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
831 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
832 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
833 specified in addition to the ports) causes
834 attached printers to be reset. Using
835 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
836 to associate lp devices with, starting with
837 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
838 that lp device, or a parport name such as
839 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
840 port specification list means that device IDs
841 from each port should be examined, to see if
842 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
843 so, the driver will manage that printer.
844 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
847 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
848 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
849 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
850 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
851 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
852 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
853 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
854 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
855 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
856 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
857 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
861 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
863 mac5380= [HW,SCSI] Format:
864 <can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
866 mac53c9x= [HW,SCSI] Format:
867 <num_esps>,<disconnect>,<nosync>,<can_queue>,<cmd_per_lun>,<sg_tablesize>,<hostid>,<use_tags>
869 machvec= [IA64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
870 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
871 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
873 max_loop= [LOOP] Maximum number of loopback devices that can
877 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
879 Using "nosmp" or "maxcpus=0" will disable SMP
880 entirely (the MPS table probe still happens, though).
881 A command-line option of "maxcpus=<NUM>", where <NUM>
882 is an integer greater than 0, limits the maximum number
883 of CPUs activated in SMP mode to <NUM>.
884 Using "maxcpus=1" on an SMP kernel is the trivial
885 case of an SMP kernel with only one CPU.
887 max_addr=[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater than or
888 equal to this physical address is ignored.
890 max_luns= [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs to probe.
891 Should be between 1 and 2^32-1.
894 [SCSI] Maximum number of LUNs received.
895 Should be between 1 and 16384.
897 mca-pentium [BUGS=IA-32]
902 Format: <port>,<irq>,<mitsumi_bug_93_wait>
906 mce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
908 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
909 See Documentation/md.txt.
912 Format: <first>,<last>
913 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
915 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
916 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
917 to see the whole system memory or for test.
918 [IA-32] Use together with memmap= to avoid physical
919 address space collisions. Without memmap= PCI devices
920 could be placed at addresses belonging to unused RAM.
922 mem=nopentium [BUGS=IA-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
925 memmap=exactmap [KNL,IA-32,X86_64] Enable setting of an exact
926 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
927 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
928 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
931 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
932 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory
933 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
935 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
936 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
937 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
939 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
940 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
941 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
943 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
944 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
949 [KNL,SMP] debug: override scheduler migration costs
950 Format: <level-1-usecs>,<level-2-usecs>,...
951 This debugging option can be used to override the
952 default scheduler migration cost matrix. The numbers
953 are indexed by 'CPU domain distance'.
954 E.g. migration_cost=1000,2000,3000 on an SMT NUMA
955 box will set up an intra-core migration cost of
956 1 msec, an inter-core migration cost of 2 msecs,
957 and an inter-node migration cost of 3 msecs.
959 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
960 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
961 development purposes, not production environments.
964 [KNL,SMP] migration cost auto-detect verbosity
966 If a system's migration matrix reported at bootup
967 seems erroneous then this option can be used to
968 increase verbosity of the detection process.
969 We default to 0 (no extra messages), 1 will print
970 some more information, and 2 will be really
971 verbose (probably only useful if you also have a
972 serial console attached to the system).
975 [KNL,SMP] multiply/divide migration costs by a factor
977 This debug option can be used to proportionally
978 increase or decrease the auto-detected migration
979 costs for all entries of the migration matrix.
980 E.g. migration_factor=150 will increase migration
981 costs by 50%. (and thus the scheduler will be less
982 eager migrating cache-hot tasks)
983 migration_factor=80 will decrease migration costs
984 by 20%. (thus the scheduler will be more eager to
987 WARNING: using the wrong values here can break
988 scheduler performance, so it's only for scheduler
989 development purposes, not production environments.
992 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
993 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
994 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
995 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
997 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
998 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
999 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
1000 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
1005 MTD_Partition= [MTD]
1006 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
1008 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
1009 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
1012 See drivers/mtd/cmdline.c.
1014 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
1015 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
1016 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
1018 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
1021 See header of drivers/scsi/NCR_D700.c.
1025 ncr53c400= [HW,SCSI]
1027 ncr53c400a= [HW,SCSI]
1029 ncr53c406a= [HW,SCSI]
1031 ncr53c8xx= [HW,SCSI]
1033 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
1034 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
1035 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
1036 something different and driver-specific.
1037 This usage is only documented in each driver source
1041 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1043 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
1044 See Documentation/nfsroot.txt.
1046 nfs.callback_tcpport=
1047 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
1048 channel should listen.
1050 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
1051 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
1054 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=IA-32] Debugging features for SMP kernels
1056 no387 [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
1057 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
1060 noacpi [LIBATA] Disables use of ACPI in libata suspend/resume
1064 noaliencache [MM, NUMA] Disables the allcoation of alien caches in
1065 the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory, but will
1066 impact performance on real NUMA hardware.
1070 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
1071 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
1073 noasync [HW,M68K] Disables async and sync negotiation for
1076 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
1077 on "Classic" PPC cores.
1081 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
1083 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
1087 noexec [IA-32,X86-64]
1088 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
1089 noexec=off: disable nn-executable mappings
1091 nofxsr [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
1092 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
1093 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
1097 no-hlt [BUGS=IA-32] Tells the kernel that the hlt
1098 instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
1101 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
1102 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
1103 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
1104 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
1105 in certain environments such as networked servers or
1108 nohz= [KNL] Boottime enable/disable dynamic ticks
1109 Valid arguments: on, off
1112 noirqbalance [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing
1114 noirqdebug [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
1115 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
1117 no_timer_check [IA-32,X86_64,APIC] Disables the code which tests for
1118 broken timer IRQ sources.
1120 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
1122 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
1127 nolapic [IA-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
1129 nolapic_timer [IA-32,APIC] Do not use the local APIC timer.
1131 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
1132 lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
1134 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
1136 nomce [IA-32] Machine Check Exception
1138 noresidual [PPC] Don't use residual data on PReP machines.
1140 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
1143 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
1144 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
1145 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
1149 nosep [BUGS=IA-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
1151 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel.
1153 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
1155 notsc [BUGS=IA-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
1157 nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
1161 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
1166 opl3sa2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1167 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<mss_io>,<mpu_io>,<ymode>,<loopback>[,<isapnp>,<multiple]
1169 oprofile.timer= [HW]
1170 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
1175 osst= [HW,SCSI] SCSI Tape Driver
1176 Format: <buffer_size>,<write_threshold>
1177 See also Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1179 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic
1182 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
1183 connected to, default is 0.
1185 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
1186 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
1189 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
1190 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
1191 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
1192 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
1193 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
1194 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
1195 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
1196 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
1197 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
1198 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
1199 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
1200 are specified on the command line, starting
1203 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
1204 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
1205 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
1206 computer where firmware has no options for setting
1207 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
1208 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
1209 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
1211 pas2= [HW,OSS] Format:
1212 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma16>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<sb_dma16>
1215 See header of drivers/scsi/pas16.c.
1218 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
1219 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
1220 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
1225 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
1226 See also Documentation/paride.txt.
1228 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
1229 off [IA-32] don't probe for the PCI bus
1230 bios [IA-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
1231 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
1232 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
1233 nobios [IA-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
1234 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
1235 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
1236 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
1237 conf1 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1239 conf2 [IA-32] Force use of PCI Configuration
1241 nommconf [IA-32,X86_64] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
1243 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
1244 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
1245 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
1246 nosort [IA-32] Don't sort PCI devices according to
1247 order given by the PCI BIOS. This sorting is
1248 done to get a device order compatible with
1250 biosirq [IA-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
1251 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
1252 on several machines and they hang the machine
1253 when used, but on other computers it's the only
1254 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
1255 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
1256 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
1258 rom [IA-32] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
1259 Use with caution as certain devices share
1260 address decoders between ROMs and other
1262 irqmask=0xMMMM [IA-32] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
1263 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
1264 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
1266 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [IA-32] Specify the physical address
1267 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
1268 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
1269 F0000h-100000h range.
1270 lastbus=N [IA-32] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
1271 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
1272 secondary buses and you want to tell it
1273 explicitly which ones they are.
1274 assign-busses [IA-32] Always assign all PCI bus
1275 numbers ourselves, overriding
1276 whatever the firmware may have done.
1277 usepirqmask [IA-32] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
1278 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
1279 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
1280 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
1281 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
1282 IRQ routing is enabled.
1283 noacpi [IA-32] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
1284 or for PCI scanning.
1285 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
1286 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
1287 so this option is a temporary workaround
1288 for broken drivers that don't call it.
1289 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
1290 just use the configuration from the
1291 bootloader. This is currently used on
1292 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
1293 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
1294 noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
1295 This might help on some broken boards which
1296 machine check when some devices' config space
1297 is read. But various workarounds are disabled
1298 and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
1299 bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1300 This sorting is done to get a device
1301 order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
1302 nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
1303 cbiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
1304 reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window.
1305 The default value is 256 bytes.
1306 cbmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
1307 reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory
1308 window. The default value is 64 megabytes.
1310 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
1313 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1315 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
1318 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
1321 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1324 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1326 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
1327 See Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
1329 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
1330 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
1331 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
1337 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
1340 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
1343 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
1345 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
1346 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
1349 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
1351 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
1353 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
1354 Format: [schedule,]<number>
1355 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
1356 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
1357 statistical time based profiling.
1358 Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs)
1360 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
1361 Limit processor to maximum C-state
1362 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
1364 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
1365 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
1366 instead using the legacy FADT method
1368 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
1370 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1372 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
1373 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
1374 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
1376 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
1377 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
1380 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
1381 psmouse.smartscroll=
1382 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
1383 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
1385 pss= [HW,OSS] Personal Sound System (ECHO ESC614)
1387 <io>,<mss_io>,<mss_irq>,<mss_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1390 See Documentation/paride.txt.
1392 quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
1397 See Documentation/md.txt.
1399 ramdisk= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes [deprecated]
1400 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1402 ramdisk_blocksize= [RAM]
1403 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1405 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
1406 New name for the ramdisk parameter.
1407 See Documentation/ramdisk.txt.
1409 rcu.blimit= [KNL,BOOT] Set maximum number of finished
1410 RCU callbacks to process in one batch.
1412 rcu.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1413 RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
1415 rcu.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT] Set threshold of queued
1416 RCU callbacks below which batch limiting is re-enabled.
1420 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
1421 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
1423 reboot= [BUGS=IA-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
1424 Format: <reboot_mode>[,<reboot_mode2>[,...]]
1425 See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
1427 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
1431 Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
1434 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
1435 during initialization.
1438 Specify the partition device for software suspend
1440 resume_offset= [SWSUSP]
1441 Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
1442 given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
1443 in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
1444 See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
1446 retain_initrd [RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction
1448 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1449 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
1451 riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
1452 Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
1454 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
1456 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
1458 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
1459 mount the root filesystem
1461 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
1463 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
1465 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
1467 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
1470 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
1473 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1475 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
1477 sbpcd= [HW,CD] Soundblaster CD adapter
1479 See a comment before function sbpcd_setup() in
1480 drivers/cdrom/sbpcd.c.
1482 sc1200wdt= [HW,WDT] SC1200 WDT (watchdog) driver
1483 Format: <io>[,<timeout>[,<isapnp>]]
1485 scsi_debug_*= [SCSI]
1486 See drivers/scsi/scsi_debug.c.
1488 scsi_default_dev_flags=
1489 [SCSI] SCSI default device flags
1492 scsi_dev_flags= [SCSI] Black/white list entry for vendor and model
1493 Format: <vendor>:<model>:<flags>
1494 (flags are integer value)
1496 scsi_logging= [SCSI]
1498 scsi_mod.scan= [SCSI] sync (default) scans SCSI busses as they are
1499 discovered. async scans them in kernel threads,
1500 allowing boot to proceed. none ignores them, expecting
1501 user space to do the scan.
1503 selinux [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
1504 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1505 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1508 Default value is set via kernel config option.
1509 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
1510 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
1512 selinux_compat_net =
1513 [SELINUX] Set initial selinux_compat_net flag value.
1514 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1515 0 -- use new secmark-based packet controls
1516 1 -- use legacy packet controls
1517 Default value is 0 (preferred).
1518 Value can be changed at runtime via
1519 /selinux/compat_net.
1521 serialnumber [BUGS=IA-32]
1523 sg_def_reserved_size= [SCSI]
1526 Maximal number of shapers.
1529 See header of drivers/scsi/sim710.c.
1535 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
1536 See header of drivers/cdrom/sjcd.c.
1541 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
1543 snd-ad1816a= [HW,ALSA]
1545 snd-ad1848= [HW,ALSA]
1547 snd-ali5451= [HW,ALSA]
1549 snd-als100= [HW,ALSA]
1551 snd-als4000= [HW,ALSA]
1553 snd-azt2320= [HW,ALSA]
1555 snd-cmi8330= [HW,ALSA]
1557 snd-cmipci= [HW,ALSA]
1559 snd-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1561 snd-cs4232= [HW,ALSA]
1563 snd-cs4236= [HW,ALSA]
1565 snd-cs4281= [HW,ALSA]
1567 snd-cs46xx= [HW,ALSA]
1569 snd-dt019x= [HW,ALSA]
1571 snd-dummy= [HW,ALSA]
1573 snd-emu10k1= [HW,ALSA]
1575 snd-ens1370= [HW,ALSA]
1577 snd-ens1371= [HW,ALSA]
1579 snd-es968= [HW,ALSA]
1581 snd-es1688= [HW,ALSA]
1583 snd-es18xx= [HW,ALSA]
1585 snd-es1938= [HW,ALSA]
1587 snd-es1968= [HW,ALSA]
1589 snd-fm801= [HW,ALSA]
1591 snd-gusclassic= [HW,ALSA]
1593 snd-gusextreme= [HW,ALSA]
1595 snd-gusmax= [HW,ALSA]
1599 snd-ice1712= [HW,ALSA]
1601 snd-intel8x0= [HW,ALSA]
1603 snd-interwave= [HW,ALSA]
1608 snd-korg1212= [HW,ALSA]
1610 snd-maestro3= [HW,ALSA]
1612 snd-mpu401= [HW,ALSA]
1614 snd-mtpav= [HW,ALSA]
1616 snd-nm256= [HW,ALSA]
1618 snd-opl3sa2= [HW,ALSA]
1626 snd-opti93x= [HW,ALSA]
1630 snd-rme32= [HW,ALSA]
1632 snd-rme96= [HW,ALSA]
1634 snd-rme9652= [HW,ALSA]
1640 snd-sbawe= [HW,ALSA]
1642 snd-serial= [HW,ALSA]
1644 snd-sgalaxy= [HW,ALSA]
1646 snd-sonicvibes= [HW,ALSA]
1651 snd-sun-cs4231= [HW,ALSA]
1653 snd-trident= [HW,ALSA]
1655 snd-usb-audio= [HW,ALSA,USB]
1657 snd-via82xx= [HW,ALSA]
1659 snd-virmidi= [HW,ALSA]
1661 snd-wavefront= [HW,ALSA]
1663 snd-ymfpci= [HW,ALSA]
1666 Format: <io>[,<irq>]
1668 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
1669 See Documentation/sonypi.txt
1671 specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
1672 See Documentation/specialix.txt.
1674 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
1680 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1682 st= [HW,SCSI] SCSI tape parameters (buffers, etc.)
1683 See Documentation/scsi/st.txt.
1686 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1690 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
1691 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
1692 as the initial boot-console.
1693 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1696 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
1699 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
1703 Control how the NFS server code allocates CPUs to
1704 service thread pools. Depending on how many NICs
1705 you have and where their interrupts are bound, this
1706 option will affect which CPUs will do NFS serving.
1707 Note: this parameter cannot be changed while the
1708 NFS server is running.
1710 auto the server chooses an appropriate mode
1711 automatically using heuristics
1712 global a single global pool contains all CPUs
1713 percpu one pool for each CPU
1714 pernode one pool for each NUMA node (equivalent
1715 to global on non-NUMA machines)
1717 swiotlb= [IA-64] Number of I/O TLB slabs
1721 sym53c416= [HW,SCSI]
1722 See header of drivers/scsi/sym53c416.c.
1724 sysrq_always_enabled
1726 Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will
1727 neutralize any effect of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq.
1728 Useful for debugging.
1731 See header of drivers/scsi/t128.c.
1735 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
1736 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
1738 time Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
1740 clocksource= [GENERIC_TIME] Override the default clocksource
1741 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
1742 with the name specified.
1744 tipar.timeout= [HW,PPT]
1745 Set communications timeout in tenths of a second
1748 tipar.delay= [HW,PPT]
1749 Set inter-bit delay in microseconds (default 10).
1752 See header of drivers/scsi/seagate.c.
1755 See comment before function dc390_setup() in
1756 drivers/scsi/tmscsim.c.
1760 trix= [HW,OSS] MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
1762 <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>,<sb_io>,<sb_irq>,<sb_dma>,<mpu_io>,<mpu_irq>
1764 tsdev.xres= [TS] Horizontal screen resolution.
1765 tsdev.yres= [TS] Vertical screen resolution.
1767 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
1768 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
1770 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
1771 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1773 u14-34f= [HW,SCSI] UltraStor 14F/34F SCSI host adapter
1774 See header of drivers/scsi/u14-34f.c.
1783 [USB] Ignore overcurrent events (default N).
1784 Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of
1785 bogus events, for ports that aren't wired to
1786 anything. Set this parameter to avoid log spamming.
1787 Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be
1790 usbcore.autosuspend=
1791 [USB] The autosuspend time delay (in seconds) used
1792 for newly-detected USB devices (default 2). This
1793 is the time required before an idle device will be
1794 autosuspended. Devices for which the delay is set
1795 to 0 won't be autosuspended at all.
1798 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
1801 vdso=1: enable VDSO (default)
1802 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
1804 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
1805 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
1807 vga= [BOOT,IA-32] Select a particular video mode
1808 See Documentation/i386/boot.txt and
1809 Documentation/svga.txt.
1810 Use vga=ask for menu.
1811 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
1812 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
1814 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
1815 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
1816 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
1817 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
1820 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
1823 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
1826 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
1829 waveartist= [HW,OSS]
1830 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>,<dma2>
1833 See header of drivers/scsi/wd33c93.c.
1836 See header of drivers/scsi/wd7000.c.
1839 See Documentation/watchdog/watchdog.txt.
1841 xd= [HW,XT] Original XT pre-IDE (RLL encoded) disks.
1842 xd_geo= See header of drivers/block/xd.c.
1844 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
1846 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
1848 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization
1849 Equivalent to echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
1851 unwind_debug=N N > 0 will enable dwarf2 unwinder debugging
1852 This is useful to get more information why
1853 you got a "dwarf2 unwinder stuck"
1855 ______________________________________________________________________
1859 Add documentation for ALSA options.
1860 Add more DRM drivers.