1 GPIO Descriptor Consumer Interface
2 ==================================
4 This document describes the consumer interface of the GPIO framework. Note that
5 it describes the new descriptor-based interface. For a description of the
6 deprecated integer-based GPIO interface please refer to gpio-legacy.txt.
9 Guidelines for GPIOs consumers
10 ==============================
12 Drivers that can't work without standard GPIO calls should have Kconfig entries
13 that depend on GPIOLIB. The functions that allow a driver to obtain and use
14 GPIOs are available by including the following file:
16 #include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
18 All the functions that work with the descriptor-based GPIO interface are
19 prefixed with gpiod_. The gpio_ prefix is used for the legacy interface. No
20 other function in the kernel should use these prefixes.
23 Obtaining and Disposing GPIOs
24 =============================
26 With the descriptor-based interface, GPIOs are identified with an opaque,
27 non-forgeable handler that must be obtained through a call to one of the
28 gpiod_get() functions. Like many other kernel subsystems, gpiod_get() takes the
29 device that will use the GPIO and the function the requested GPIO is supposed to
32 struct gpio_desc *gpiod_get(struct device *dev, const char *con_id,
33 enum gpiod_flags flags)
35 If a function is implemented by using several GPIOs together (e.g. a simple LED
36 device that displays digits), an additional index argument can be specified:
38 struct gpio_desc *gpiod_get_index(struct device *dev,
39 const char *con_id, unsigned int idx,
40 enum gpiod_flags flags)
42 The flags parameter is used to optionally specify a direction and initial value
43 for the GPIO. Values can be:
45 * GPIOD_ASIS or 0 to not initialize the GPIO at all. The direction must be set
46 later with one of the dedicated functions.
47 * GPIOD_IN to initialize the GPIO as input.
48 * GPIOD_OUT_LOW to initialize the GPIO as output with a value of 0.
49 * GPIOD_OUT_HIGH to initialize the GPIO as output with a value of 1.
51 Both functions return either a valid GPIO descriptor, or an error code checkable
52 with IS_ERR() (they will never return a NULL pointer). -ENOENT will be returned
53 if and only if no GPIO has been assigned to the device/function/index triplet,
54 other error codes are used for cases where a GPIO has been assigned but an error
55 occurred while trying to acquire it. This is useful to discriminate between mere
56 errors and an absence of GPIO for optional GPIO parameters. For the common
57 pattern where a GPIO is optional, the gpiod_get_optional() and
58 gpiod_get_index_optional() functions can be used. These functions return NULL
59 instead of -ENOENT if no GPIO has been assigned to the requested function:
62 struct gpio_desc *gpiod_get_optional(struct device *dev,
64 enum gpiod_flags flags)
66 struct gpio_desc *gpiod_get_index_optional(struct device *dev,
69 enum gpiod_flags flags)
71 Device-managed variants of these functions are also defined:
73 struct gpio_desc *devm_gpiod_get(struct device *dev, const char *con_id,
74 enum gpiod_flags flags)
76 struct gpio_desc *devm_gpiod_get_index(struct device *dev,
79 enum gpiod_flags flags)
81 struct gpio_desc *devm_gpiod_get_optional(struct device *dev,
83 enum gpiod_flags flags)
85 struct gpio_desc * devm_gpiod_get_index_optional(struct device *dev,
88 enum gpiod_flags flags)
90 A GPIO descriptor can be disposed of using the gpiod_put() function:
92 void gpiod_put(struct gpio_desc *desc)
94 It is strictly forbidden to use a descriptor after calling this function. The
95 device-managed variant is, unsurprisingly:
97 void devm_gpiod_put(struct device *dev, struct gpio_desc *desc)
105 The first thing a driver must do with a GPIO is setting its direction. If no
106 direction-setting flags have been given to gpiod_get*(), this is done by
107 invoking one of the gpiod_direction_*() functions:
109 int gpiod_direction_input(struct gpio_desc *desc)
110 int gpiod_direction_output(struct gpio_desc *desc, int value)
112 The return value is zero for success, else a negative errno. It should be
113 checked, since the get/set calls don't return errors and since misconfiguration
114 is possible. You should normally issue these calls from a task context. However,
115 for spinlock-safe GPIOs it is OK to use them before tasking is enabled, as part
116 of early board setup.
118 For output GPIOs, the value provided becomes the initial output value. This
119 helps avoid signal glitching during system startup.
121 A driver can also query the current direction of a GPIO:
123 int gpiod_get_direction(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
125 This function will return either GPIOF_DIR_IN or GPIOF_DIR_OUT.
127 Be aware that there is no default direction for GPIOs. Therefore, **using a GPIO
128 without setting its direction first is illegal and will result in undefined
132 Spinlock-Safe GPIO Access
133 -------------------------
134 Most GPIO controllers can be accessed with memory read/write instructions. Those
135 don't need to sleep, and can safely be done from inside hard (non-threaded) IRQ
136 handlers and similar contexts.
138 Use the following calls to access GPIOs from an atomic context:
140 int gpiod_get_value(const struct gpio_desc *desc);
141 void gpiod_set_value(struct gpio_desc *desc, int value);
143 The values are boolean, zero for low, nonzero for high. When reading the value
144 of an output pin, the value returned should be what's seen on the pin. That
145 won't always match the specified output value, because of issues including
146 open-drain signaling and output latencies.
148 The get/set calls do not return errors because "invalid GPIO" should have been
149 reported earlier from gpiod_direction_*(). However, note that not all platforms
150 can read the value of output pins; those that can't should always return zero.
151 Also, using these calls for GPIOs that can't safely be accessed without sleeping
152 (see below) is an error.
155 GPIO Access That May Sleep
156 --------------------------
157 Some GPIO controllers must be accessed using message based buses like I2C or
158 SPI. Commands to read or write those GPIO values require waiting to get to the
159 head of a queue to transmit a command and get its response. This requires
160 sleeping, which can't be done from inside IRQ handlers.
162 Platforms that support this type of GPIO distinguish them from other GPIOs by
163 returning nonzero from this call:
165 int gpiod_cansleep(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
167 To access such GPIOs, a different set of accessors is defined:
169 int gpiod_get_value_cansleep(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
170 void gpiod_set_value_cansleep(struct gpio_desc *desc, int value)
172 Accessing such GPIOs requires a context which may sleep, for example a threaded
173 IRQ handler, and those accessors must be used instead of spinlock-safe
174 accessors without the cansleep() name suffix.
176 Other than the fact that these accessors might sleep, and will work on GPIOs
177 that can't be accessed from hardIRQ handlers, these calls act the same as the
181 Active-low State and Raw GPIO Values
182 ------------------------------------
183 Device drivers like to manage the logical state of a GPIO, i.e. the value their
184 device will actually receive, no matter what lies between it and the GPIO line.
185 In some cases, it might make sense to control the actual GPIO line value. The
186 following set of calls ignore the active-low property of a GPIO and work on the
189 int gpiod_get_raw_value(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
190 void gpiod_set_raw_value(struct gpio_desc *desc, int value)
191 int gpiod_get_raw_value_cansleep(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
192 void gpiod_set_raw_value_cansleep(struct gpio_desc *desc, int value)
193 int gpiod_direction_output_raw(struct gpio_desc *desc, int value)
195 The active-low state of a GPIO can also be queried using the following call:
197 int gpiod_is_active_low(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
199 Note that these functions should only be used with great moderation ; a driver
200 should not have to care about the physical line level.
203 Set multiple GPIO outputs with a single function call
204 -----------------------------------------------------
205 The following functions set the output values of an array of GPIOs:
207 void gpiod_set_array(unsigned int array_size,
208 struct gpio_desc **desc_array,
210 void gpiod_set_raw_array(unsigned int array_size,
211 struct gpio_desc **desc_array,
213 void gpiod_set_array_cansleep(unsigned int array_size,
214 struct gpio_desc **desc_array,
216 void gpiod_set_raw_array_cansleep(unsigned int array_size,
217 struct gpio_desc **desc_array,
220 The array can be an arbitrary set of GPIOs. The functions will try to set
221 GPIOs belonging to the same bank or chip simultaneously if supported by the
222 corresponding chip driver. In that case a significantly improved performance
223 can be expected. If simultaneous setting is not possible the GPIOs will be set
225 Note that for optimal performance GPIOs belonging to the same chip should be
226 contiguous within the array of descriptors.
231 GPIO lines can quite often be used as IRQs. You can get the IRQ number
232 corresponding to a given GPIO using the following call:
234 int gpiod_to_irq(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
236 It will return an IRQ number, or an negative errno code if the mapping can't be
237 done (most likely because that particular GPIO cannot be used as IRQ). It is an
238 unchecked error to use a GPIO that wasn't set up as an input using
239 gpiod_direction_input(), or to use an IRQ number that didn't originally come
240 from gpiod_to_irq(). gpiod_to_irq() is not allowed to sleep.
242 Non-error values returned from gpiod_to_irq() can be passed to request_irq() or
243 free_irq(). They will often be stored into IRQ resources for platform devices,
244 by the board-specific initialization code. Note that IRQ trigger options are
245 part of the IRQ interface, e.g. IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING, as are system wakeup
252 On ACPI systems, GPIOs are described by GpioIo()/GpioInt() resources listed by
253 the _CRS configuration objects of devices. Those resources do not provide
254 connection IDs (names) for GPIOs, so it is necessary to use an additional
255 mechanism for this purpose.
257 Systems compliant with ACPI 5.1 or newer may provide a _DSD configuration object
258 which, among other things, may be used to provide connection IDs for specific
259 GPIOs described by the GpioIo()/GpioInt() resources in _CRS. If that is the
260 case, it will be handled by the GPIO subsystem automatically. However, if the
261 _DSD is not present, the mappings between GpioIo()/GpioInt() resources and GPIO
262 connection IDs need to be provided by device drivers.
264 For details refer to Documentation/acpi/gpio-properties.txt
267 Interacting With the Legacy GPIO Subsystem
268 ==========================================
269 Many kernel subsystems still handle GPIOs using the legacy integer-based
270 interface. Although it is strongly encouraged to upgrade them to the safer
271 descriptor-based API, the following two functions allow you to convert a GPIO
272 descriptor into the GPIO integer namespace and vice-versa:
274 int desc_to_gpio(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
275 struct gpio_desc *gpio_to_desc(unsigned gpio)
277 The GPIO number returned by desc_to_gpio() can be safely used as long as the
278 GPIO descriptor has not been freed. All the same, a GPIO number passed to
279 gpio_to_desc() must have been properly acquired, and usage of the returned GPIO
280 descriptor is only possible after the GPIO number has been released.
282 Freeing a GPIO obtained by one API with the other API is forbidden and an