1 ===========================================
2 Sound Blaster Live mixer / default DSP code
3 ===========================================
6 The EMU10K1 chips have a DSP part which can be programmed to support
7 various ways of sample processing, which is described here.
8 (This article does not deal with the overall functionality of the
9 EMU10K1 chips. See the manuals section for further details.)
11 The ALSA driver programs this portion of chip by default code
12 (can be altered later) which offers the following functionality:
15 IEC958 (S/PDIF) raw PCM
16 =======================
18 This PCM device (it's the 4th PCM device (index 3!) and first subdevice
19 (index 0) for a given card) allows to forward 48kHz, stereo, 16-bit
20 little endian streams without any modifications to the digital output
21 (coaxial or optical). The universal interface allows the creation of up
22 to 8 raw PCM devices operating at 48kHz, 16-bit little endian. It would
23 be easy to add support for multichannel devices to the current code,
24 but the conversion routines exist only for stereo (2-channel streams)
27 Look to tram_poke routines in lowlevel/emu10k1/emufx.c for more details.
30 Digital mixer controls
31 ======================
33 These controls are built using the DSP instructions. They offer extended
34 functionality. Only the default build-in code in the ALSA driver is described
35 here. Note that the controls work as attenuators: the maximum value is the
36 neutral position leaving the signal unchanged. Note that if the same destination
37 is mentioned in multiple controls, the signal is accumulated and can be wrapped
38 (set to maximal or minimal value without checking of overflow).
41 Explanation of used abbreviations:
44 digital to analog converter
46 analog to digital converter
48 one-way three wire serial bus for digital sound by Philips Semiconductors
49 (this standard is used for connecting standalone DAC and ADC converters)
51 low frequency effects (subwoofer signal)
53 a chip containing an analog mixer, DAC and ADC converters
57 the EMU10K1 chip has an effect bus containing 16 accumulators.
58 Each of the synthesizer voices can feed its output to these accumulators
59 and the DSP microcontroller can operate with the resulting sum.
62 ``name='Wave Playback Volume',index=0``
63 ---------------------------------------
64 This control is used to attenuate samples for left and right PCM FX-bus
65 accumulators. ALSA uses accumulators 0 and 1 for left and right PCM samples.
66 The result samples are forwarded to the front DAC PCM slots of the AC97 codec.
68 ``name='Wave Surround Playback Volume',index=0``
69 ------------------------------------------------
70 This control is used to attenuate samples for left and right PCM FX-bus
71 accumulators. ALSA uses accumulators 0 and 1 for left and right PCM samples.
72 The result samples are forwarded to the rear I2S DACs. These DACs operates
73 separately (they are not inside the AC97 codec).
75 ``name='Wave Center Playback Volume',index=0``
76 ----------------------------------------------
77 This control is used to attenuate samples for left and right PCM FX-bus
78 accumulators. ALSA uses accumulators 0 and 1 for left and right PCM samples.
79 The result is mixed to mono signal (single channel) and forwarded to
80 the ??rear?? right DAC PCM slot of the AC97 codec.
82 ``name='Wave LFE Playback Volume',index=0``
83 -------------------------------------------
84 This control is used to attenuate samples for left and right PCM FX-bus
85 accumulators. ALSA uses accumulators 0 and 1 for left and right PCM.
86 The result is mixed to mono signal (single channel) and forwarded to
87 the ??rear?? left DAC PCM slot of the AC97 codec.
89 ``name='Wave Capture Volume',index=0``, ``name='Wave Capture Switch',index=0``
90 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
91 These controls are used to attenuate samples for left and right PCM FX-bus
92 accumulator. ALSA uses accumulators 0 and 1 for left and right PCM.
93 The result is forwarded to the ADC capture FIFO (thus to the standard capture
96 ``name='Synth Playback Volume',index=0``
97 ----------------------------------------
98 This control is used to attenuate samples for left and right MIDI FX-bus
99 accumulators. ALSA uses accumulators 4 and 5 for left and right MIDI samples.
100 The result samples are forwarded to the front DAC PCM slots of the AC97 codec.
102 ``name='Synth Capture Volume',index=0``, ``name='Synth Capture Switch',index=0``
103 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
104 These controls are used to attenuate samples for left and right MIDI FX-bus
105 accumulator. ALSA uses accumulators 4 and 5 for left and right PCM.
106 The result is forwarded to the ADC capture FIFO (thus to the standard capture
109 ``name='Surround Playback Volume',index=0``
110 -------------------------------------------
111 This control is used to attenuate samples for left and right rear PCM FX-bus
112 accumulators. ALSA uses accumulators 2 and 3 for left and right rear PCM samples.
113 The result samples are forwarded to the rear I2S DACs. These DACs operate
114 separately (they are not inside the AC97 codec).
116 ``name='Surround Capture Volume',index=0``, ``name='Surround Capture Switch',index=0``
117 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
118 These controls are used to attenuate samples for left and right rear PCM FX-bus
119 accumulators. ALSA uses accumulators 2 and 3 for left and right rear PCM samples.
120 The result is forwarded to the ADC capture FIFO (thus to the standard capture
123 ``name='Center Playback Volume',index=0``
124 -----------------------------------------
125 This control is used to attenuate sample for center PCM FX-bus accumulator.
126 ALSA uses accumulator 6 for center PCM sample. The result sample is forwarded
127 to the ??rear?? right DAC PCM slot of the AC97 codec.
129 ``name='LFE Playback Volume',index=0``
130 --------------------------------------
131 This control is used to attenuate sample for center PCM FX-bus accumulator.
132 ALSA uses accumulator 6 for center PCM sample. The result sample is forwarded
133 to the ??rear?? left DAC PCM slot of the AC97 codec.
135 ``name='AC97 Playback Volume',index=0``
136 ---------------------------------------
137 This control is used to attenuate samples for left and right front ADC PCM slots
138 of the AC97 codec. The result samples are forwarded to the front DAC PCM
139 slots of the AC97 codec.
142 This control should be zero for the standard operations, otherwise
143 a digital loopback is activated.
146 ``name='AC97 Capture Volume',index=0``
147 --------------------------------------
148 This control is used to attenuate samples for left and right front ADC PCM slots
149 of the AC97 codec. The result is forwarded to the ADC capture FIFO (thus to
150 the standard capture PCM device).
153 This control should be 100 (maximal value), otherwise no analog
154 inputs of the AC97 codec can be captured (recorded).
156 ``name='IEC958 TTL Playback Volume',index=0``
157 ---------------------------------------------
158 This control is used to attenuate samples from left and right IEC958 TTL
159 digital inputs (usually used by a CDROM drive). The result samples are
160 forwarded to the front DAC PCM slots of the AC97 codec.
162 ``name='IEC958 TTL Capture Volume',index=0``
163 --------------------------------------------
164 This control is used to attenuate samples from left and right IEC958 TTL
165 digital inputs (usually used by a CDROM drive). The result samples are
166 forwarded to the ADC capture FIFO (thus to the standard capture PCM device).
168 ``name='Zoom Video Playback Volume',index=0``
169 ---------------------------------------------
170 This control is used to attenuate samples from left and right zoom video
171 digital inputs (usually used by a CDROM drive). The result samples are
172 forwarded to the front DAC PCM slots of the AC97 codec.
174 ``name='Zoom Video Capture Volume',index=0``
175 --------------------------------------------
176 This control is used to attenuate samples from left and right zoom video
177 digital inputs (usually used by a CDROM drive). The result samples are
178 forwarded to the ADC capture FIFO (thus to the standard capture PCM device).
180 ``name='IEC958 LiveDrive Playback Volume',index=0``
181 ---------------------------------------------------
182 This control is used to attenuate samples from left and right IEC958 optical
183 digital input. The result samples are forwarded to the front DAC PCM slots
186 ``name='IEC958 LiveDrive Capture Volume',index=0``
187 --------------------------------------------------
188 This control is used to attenuate samples from left and right IEC958 optical
189 digital inputs. The result samples are forwarded to the ADC capture FIFO
190 (thus to the standard capture PCM device).
192 ``name='IEC958 Coaxial Playback Volume',index=0``
193 -------------------------------------------------
194 This control is used to attenuate samples from left and right IEC958 coaxial
195 digital inputs. The result samples are forwarded to the front DAC PCM slots
198 ``name='IEC958 Coaxial Capture Volume',index=0``
199 ------------------------------------------------
200 This control is used to attenuate samples from left and right IEC958 coaxial
201 digital inputs. The result samples are forwarded to the ADC capture FIFO
202 (thus to the standard capture PCM device).
204 ``name='Line LiveDrive Playback Volume',index=0``, ``name='Line LiveDrive Playback Volume',index=1``
205 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
206 This control is used to attenuate samples from left and right I2S ADC
207 inputs (on the LiveDrive). The result samples are forwarded to the front
208 DAC PCM slots of the AC97 codec.
210 ``name='Line LiveDrive Capture Volume',index=1``, ``name='Line LiveDrive Capture Volume',index=1``
211 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
212 This control is used to attenuate samples from left and right I2S ADC
213 inputs (on the LiveDrive). The result samples are forwarded to the ADC
214 capture FIFO (thus to the standard capture PCM device).
216 ``name='Tone Control - Switch',index=0``
217 ----------------------------------------
218 This control turns the tone control on or off. The samples for front, rear
219 and center / LFE outputs are affected.
221 ``name='Tone Control - Bass',index=0``
222 --------------------------------------
223 This control sets the bass intensity. There is no neutral value!!
224 When the tone control code is activated, the samples are always modified.
225 The closest value to pure signal is 20.
227 ``name='Tone Control - Treble',index=0``
228 ----------------------------------------
229 This control sets the treble intensity. There is no neutral value!!
230 When the tone control code is activated, the samples are always modified.
231 The closest value to pure signal is 20.
233 ``name='IEC958 Optical Raw Playback Switch',index=0``
234 -----------------------------------------------------
235 If this switch is on, then the samples for the IEC958 (S/PDIF) digital
236 output are taken only from the raw FX8010 PCM, otherwise standard front
237 PCM samples are taken.
239 ``name='Headphone Playback Volume',index=1``
240 --------------------------------------------
241 This control attenuates the samples for the headphone output.
243 ``name='Headphone Center Playback Switch',index=1``
244 ---------------------------------------------------
245 If this switch is on, then the sample for the center PCM is put to the
246 left headphone output (useful for SB Live cards without separate center/LFE
249 ``name='Headphone LFE Playback Switch',index=1``
250 ------------------------------------------------
251 If this switch is on, then the sample for the center PCM is put to the
252 right headphone output (useful for SB Live cards without separate center/LFE
256 PCM stream related controls
257 ===========================
259 ``name='EMU10K1 PCM Volume',index 0-31``
260 ----------------------------------------
261 Channel volume attenuation in range 0-0xffff. The maximum value (no
262 attenuation) is default. The channel mapping for three values is
265 * 0 - mono, default 0xffff (no attenuation)
266 * 1 - left, default 0xffff (no attenuation)
267 * 2 - right, default 0xffff (no attenuation)
269 ``name='EMU10K1 PCM Send Routing',index 0-31``
270 ----------------------------------------------
271 This control specifies the destination - FX-bus accumulators. There are
272 twelve values with this mapping:
274 * 0 - mono, A destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 0
275 * 1 - mono, B destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 1
276 * 2 - mono, C destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 2
277 * 3 - mono, D destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 3
278 * 4 - left, A destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 0
279 * 5 - left, B destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 1
280 * 6 - left, C destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 2
281 * 7 - left, D destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 3
282 * 8 - right, A destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 0
283 * 9 - right, B destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 1
284 * 10 - right, C destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 2
285 * 11 - right, D destination (FX-bus 0-15), default 3
287 Don't forget that it's illegal to assign a channel to the same FX-bus accumulator
288 more than once (it means 0=0 && 1=0 is an invalid combination).
290 ``name='EMU10K1 PCM Send Volume',index 0-31``
291 ---------------------------------------------
292 It specifies the attenuation (amount) for given destination in range 0-255.
293 The channel mapping is following:
295 * 0 - mono, A destination attn, default 255 (no attenuation)
296 * 1 - mono, B destination attn, default 255 (no attenuation)
297 * 2 - mono, C destination attn, default 0 (mute)
298 * 3 - mono, D destination attn, default 0 (mute)
299 * 4 - left, A destination attn, default 255 (no attenuation)
300 * 5 - left, B destination attn, default 0 (mute)
301 * 6 - left, C destination attn, default 0 (mute)
302 * 7 - left, D destination attn, default 0 (mute)
303 * 8 - right, A destination attn, default 0 (mute)
304 * 9 - right, B destination attn, default 255 (no attenuation)
305 * 10 - right, C destination attn, default 0 (mute)
306 * 11 - right, D destination attn, default 0 (mute)
313 ftp://opensource.creative.com/pub/doc
314 -------------------------------------
319 The EMU10K1 Digital Audio Processor
321 FX8010 - A DSP Chip Architecture for Audio Effects
328 Audio Effects Processor with multiple asynchronous streams
332 Processor with Instruction Set for Audio Effects (Jan. 14, 1999)
335 Audio Effects Processor having Decoupled Instruction
336 Execution and Audio Data Sequencing (Jan. 14, 1999)
339 US Patents (http://www.uspto.gov/)
340 ----------------------------------
343 Digital Sampling Instrument employing cache memory (Jul. 20, 1999)
346 Audio Effects Processor integrated on a single chip
347 with a multiport memory onto which multiple asynchronous
348 digital sound samples can be concurrently loaded
352 Processor with Instruction Set for Audio Effects (Jul. 27, 1999)
355 Memory initialization circuit (Tram) (Feb. 29, 2000)
358 Interpolation looping of audio samples in cache connected to
359 system bus with prioritization and modification of bus transfers
360 in accordance with loop ends and minimum block sizes
364 Method for conserving memory storage using a
365 pool of short term memory registers
369 Interrupt control for multiple programs communicating with
370 a common interrupt by associating programs to GP registers,
371 defining interrupt register, polling GP registers, and invoking
372 callback routine associated with defined interrupt register