4 Device-Mapper's "crypt" target provides transparent encryption of block devices
5 using the kernel crypto API.
7 For a more detailed description of supported parameters see:
8 https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/wikis/DMCrypt
10 Parameters: <cipher> <key> <iv_offset> <device path> \
11 <offset> [<#opt_params> <opt_params>]
14 Encryption cipher, encryption mode and Initial Vector (IV) generator.
16 The cipher specifications format is:
17 cipher[:keycount]-chainmode-ivmode[:ivopts]
23 Cipher format also supports direct specification with kernel crypt API
24 format (selected by capi: prefix). The IV specification is the same
25 as for the first format type.
26 This format is mainly used for specification of authenticated modes.
28 The crypto API cipher specifications format is:
29 capi:cipher_api_spec-ivmode[:ivopts]
31 capi:cbc(aes)-essiv:sha256
33 Examples of authenticated modes:
35 capi:authenc(hmac(sha256),xts(aes))-random
36 capi:rfc7539(chacha20,poly1305)-random
38 The /proc/crypto contains a list of curently loaded crypto modes.
41 Key used for encryption. It is encoded either as a hexadecimal number
42 or it can be passed as <key_string> prefixed with single colon
43 character (':') for keys residing in kernel keyring service.
44 You can only use key sizes that are valid for the selected cipher
45 in combination with the selected iv mode.
46 Note that for some iv modes the key string can contain additional
47 keys (for example IV seed) so the key contains more parts concatenated
51 The kernel keyring key is identified by string in following format:
52 <key_size>:<key_type>:<key_description>.
55 The encryption key size in bytes. The kernel key payload size must match
56 the value passed in <key_size>.
59 Either 'logon' or 'user' kernel key type.
62 The kernel keyring key description crypt target should look for
63 when loading key of <key_type>.
66 Multi-key compatibility mode. You can define <keycount> keys and
67 then sectors are encrypted according to their offsets (sector 0 uses key0;
68 sector 1 uses key1 etc.). <keycount> must be a power of two.
71 The IV offset is a sector count that is added to the sector number
72 before creating the IV.
75 This is the device that is going to be used as backend and contains the
76 encrypted data. You can specify it as a path like /dev/xxx or a device
77 number <major>:<minor>.
80 Starting sector within the device where the encrypted data begins.
83 Number of optional parameters. If there are no optional parameters,
84 the optional paramaters section can be skipped or #opt_params can be zero.
85 Otherwise #opt_params is the number of following arguments.
87 Example of optional parameters section:
88 3 allow_discards same_cpu_crypt submit_from_crypt_cpus
91 Block discard requests (a.k.a. TRIM) are passed through the crypt device.
92 The default is to ignore discard requests.
94 WARNING: Assess the specific security risks carefully before enabling this
95 option. For example, allowing discards on encrypted devices may lead to
96 the leak of information about the ciphertext device (filesystem type,
97 used space etc.) if the discarded blocks can be located easily on the
101 Perform encryption using the same cpu that IO was submitted on.
102 The default is to use an unbound workqueue so that encryption work
103 is automatically balanced between available CPUs.
105 submit_from_crypt_cpus
106 Disable offloading writes to a separate thread after encryption.
107 There are some situations where offloading write bios from the
108 encryption threads to a single thread degrades performance
109 significantly. The default is to offload write bios to the same
110 thread because it benefits CFQ to have writes submitted using the
113 integrity:<bytes>:<type>
114 The device requires additional <bytes> metadata per-sector stored
115 in per-bio integrity structure. This metadata must by provided
116 by underlying dm-integrity target.
118 The <type> can be "none" if metadata is used only for persistent IV.
120 For Authenticated Encryption with Additional Data (AEAD)
121 the <type> is "aead". An AEAD mode additionally calculates and verifies
122 integrity for the encrypted device. The additional space is then
123 used for storing authentication tag (and persistent IV if needed).
126 Use <bytes> as the encryption unit instead of 512 bytes sectors.
127 This option can be in range 512 - 4096 bytes and must be power of two.
128 Virtual device will announce this size as a minimal IO and logical sector.
131 IV generators will use sector number counted in <sector_size> units
132 instead of default 512 bytes sectors.
134 For example, if <sector_size> is 4096 bytes, plain64 IV for the second
135 sector will be 8 (without flag) and 1 if iv_large_sectors is present.
136 The <iv_offset> must be multiple of <sector_size> (in 512 bytes units)
137 if this flag is specified.
141 LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup) is now the preferred way to set up disk
142 encryption with dm-crypt using the 'cryptsetup' utility, see
143 https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup
147 # Create a crypt device using dmsetup
148 dmsetup create crypt1 --table "0 `blockdev --getsz $1` crypt aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 babebabebabebabebabebabebabebabe 0 $1 0"
153 # Create a crypt device using dmsetup when encryption key is stored in keyring service
154 dmsetup create crypt2 --table "0 `blockdev --getsize $1` crypt aes-cbc-essiv:sha256 :32:logon:my_prefix:my_key 0 $1 0"
159 # Create a crypt device using cryptsetup and LUKS header with default cipher
160 cryptsetup luksFormat $1
161 cryptsetup luksOpen $1 crypt1