1 /* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
4 * Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds
6 * Enhanced CPU detection and feature setting code by Mike Jagdis
7 * and Martin Mares, November 1997.
11 #include <linux/threads.h>
12 #include <linux/init.h>
13 #include <linux/linkage.h>
14 #include <asm/segment.h>
15 #include <asm/page_types.h>
16 #include <asm/pgtable_types.h>
17 #include <asm/cache.h>
18 #include <asm/thread_info.h>
19 #include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
20 #include <asm/setup.h>
21 #include <asm/processor-flags.h>
22 #include <asm/msr-index.h>
23 #include <asm/cpufeatures.h>
24 #include <asm/percpu.h>
26 #include <asm/bootparam.h>
27 #include <asm/export.h>
28 #include <asm/pgtable_32.h>
30 /* Physical address */
31 #define pa(X) ((X) - __PAGE_OFFSET)
34 * References to members of the new_cpu_data structure.
37 #define X86 new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86
38 #define X86_VENDOR new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_vendor
39 #define X86_MODEL new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_model
40 #define X86_STEPPING new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_stepping
41 #define X86_HARD_MATH new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_hard_math
42 #define X86_CPUID new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_cpuid_level
43 #define X86_CAPABILITY new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_capability
44 #define X86_VENDOR_ID new_cpu_data+CPUINFO_x86_vendor_id
47 #define SIZEOF_PTREGS 17*4
50 * Worst-case size of the kernel mapping we need to make:
51 * a relocatable kernel can live anywhere in lowmem, so we need to be able
52 * to map all of lowmem.
54 KERNEL_PAGES = LOWMEM_PAGES
56 INIT_MAP_SIZE = PAGE_TABLE_SIZE(KERNEL_PAGES) * PAGE_SIZE
57 RESERVE_BRK(pagetables, INIT_MAP_SIZE)
60 * 32-bit kernel entrypoint; only used by the boot CPU. On entry,
61 * %esi points to the real-mode code as a 32-bit pointer.
62 * CS and DS must be 4 GB flat segments, but we don't depend on
63 * any particular GDT layout, because we load our own as soon as we
68 movl pa(initial_stack),%ecx
70 /* test KEEP_SEGMENTS flag to see if the bootloader is asking
71 us to not reload segments */
72 testb $KEEP_SEGMENTS, BP_loadflags(%esi)
76 * Set segments to known values.
78 lgdt pa(boot_gdt_descr)
79 movl $(__BOOT_DS),%eax
86 leal -__PAGE_OFFSET(%ecx),%esp
89 * Clear BSS first so that there are no surprises...
93 movl $pa(__bss_start),%edi
94 movl $pa(__bss_stop),%ecx
99 * Copy bootup parameters out of the way.
100 * Note: %esi still has the pointer to the real-mode data.
101 * With the kexec as boot loader, parameter segment might be loaded beyond
102 * kernel image and might not even be addressable by early boot page tables.
103 * (kexec on panic case). Hence copy out the parameters before initializing
106 movl $pa(boot_params),%edi
107 movl $(PARAM_SIZE/4),%ecx
111 movl pa(boot_params) + NEW_CL_POINTER,%esi
113 jz 1f # No command line
114 movl $pa(boot_command_line),%edi
115 movl $(COMMAND_LINE_SIZE/4),%ecx
121 /* save OFW's pgdir table for later use when calling into OFW */
123 movl %eax, pa(olpc_ofw_pgd)
126 #ifdef CONFIG_MICROCODE
127 /* Early load ucode on BSP. */
131 /* Create early pagetables. */
132 call mk_early_pgtbl_32
134 /* Do early initialization of the fixmap area */
135 movl $pa(initial_pg_fixmap)+PDE_IDENT_ATTR,%eax
136 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
137 #define KPMDS (((-__PAGE_OFFSET) >> 30) & 3) /* Number of kernel PMDs */
138 movl %eax,pa(initial_pg_pmd+0x1000*KPMDS-8)
140 movl %eax,pa(initial_page_table+0xffc)
143 #ifdef CONFIG_PARAVIRT
144 /* This is can only trip for a broken bootloader... */
145 cmpw $0x207, pa(boot_params + BP_version)
148 /* Paravirt-compatible boot parameters. Look to see what architecture
149 we're booting under. */
150 movl pa(boot_params + BP_hardware_subarch), %eax
151 cmpl $num_subarch_entries, %eax
154 movl pa(subarch_entries)(,%eax,4), %eax
155 subl $__PAGE_OFFSET, %eax
160 /* Unknown implementation; there's really
161 nothing we can do at this point. */
167 .long .Ldefault_entry /* normal x86/PC */
168 .long xen_entry /* Xen hypervisor */
169 .long .Ldefault_entry /* Moorestown MID */
170 num_subarch_entries = (. - subarch_entries) / 4
174 #endif /* CONFIG_PARAVIRT */
176 #ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG_CPU
178 * Boot CPU0 entry point. It's called from play_dead(). Everything has been set
179 * up already except stack. We just set up stack here. Then call
183 movl initial_stack, %ecx
191 * Non-boot CPU entry point; entered from trampoline.S
192 * We can't lgdt here, because lgdt itself uses a data segment, but
193 * we know the trampoline has already loaded the boot_gdt for us.
195 * If cpu hotplug is not supported then this code can go in init section
196 * which will be freed later
198 ENTRY(startup_32_smp)
200 movl $(__BOOT_DS),%eax
205 movl pa(initial_stack),%ecx
207 leal -__PAGE_OFFSET(%ecx),%esp
209 #ifdef CONFIG_MICROCODE
210 /* Early load ucode on AP. */
215 movl $(CR0_STATE & ~X86_CR0_PG),%eax
219 * We want to start out with EFLAGS unambiguously cleared. Some BIOSes leave
220 * bits like NT set. This would confuse the debugger if this code is traced. So
221 * initialize them properly now before switching to protected mode. That means
222 * DF in particular (even though we have cleared it earlier after copying the
223 * command line) because GCC expects it.
229 * New page tables may be in 4Mbyte page mode and may be using the global pages.
231 * NOTE! If we are on a 486 we may have no cr4 at all! Specifically, cr4 exists
232 * if and only if CPUID exists and has flags other than the FPU flag set.
234 movl $-1,pa(X86_CPUID) # preset CPUID level
235 movl $X86_EFLAGS_ID,%ecx
237 popfl # set EFLAGS=ID
239 popl %eax # get EFLAGS
240 testl $X86_EFLAGS_ID,%eax # did EFLAGS.ID remained set?
241 jz .Lenable_paging # hw disallowed setting of ID bit
242 # which means no CPUID and no CR4
246 movl %eax,pa(X86_CPUID) # save largest std CPUID function
250 andl $~1,%edx # Ignore CPUID.FPU
251 jz .Lenable_paging # No flags or only CPUID.FPU = no CR4
253 movl pa(mmu_cr4_features),%eax
256 testb $X86_CR4_PAE, %al # check if PAE is enabled
259 /* Check if extended functions are implemented */
260 movl $0x80000000, %eax
262 /* Value must be in the range 0x80000001 to 0x8000ffff */
263 subl $0x80000001, %eax
264 cmpl $(0x8000ffff-0x80000001), %eax
267 /* Clear bogus XD_DISABLE bits */
270 mov $0x80000001, %eax
272 /* Execute Disable bit supported? */
273 btl $(X86_FEATURE_NX & 31), %edx
276 /* Setup EFER (Extended Feature Enable Register) */
281 /* Make changes effective */
289 movl $pa(initial_page_table), %eax
290 movl %eax,%cr3 /* set the page table pointer.. */
292 movl %eax,%cr0 /* ..and set paging (PG) bit */
293 ljmp $__BOOT_CS,$1f /* Clear prefetch and normalize %eip */
295 /* Shift the stack pointer to a virtual address */
296 addl $__PAGE_OFFSET, %esp
299 * start system 32-bit setup. We need to re-do some of the things done
300 * in 16-bit mode for the "real" operations.
302 movl setup_once_ref,%eax
304 jz 1f # Did we do this already?
311 movb $4,X86 # at least 486
315 /* get vendor info */
316 xorl %eax,%eax # call CPUID with 0 -> return vendor ID
318 movl %eax,X86_CPUID # save CPUID level
319 movl %ebx,X86_VENDOR_ID # lo 4 chars
320 movl %edx,X86_VENDOR_ID+4 # next 4 chars
321 movl %ecx,X86_VENDOR_ID+8 # last 4 chars
323 orl %eax,%eax # do we have processor info as well?
326 movl $1,%eax # Use the CPUID instruction to get CPU type
328 movb %al,%cl # save reg for future use
329 andb $0x0f,%ah # mask processor family
331 andb $0xf0,%al # mask model
334 andb $0x0f,%cl # mask mask revision
335 movb %cl,X86_STEPPING
336 movl %edx,X86_CAPABILITY
339 movl $0x50022,%ecx # set AM, WP, NE and MP
341 andl $0x80000011,%eax # Save PG,PE,ET
346 ljmp $(__KERNEL_CS),$1f
347 1: movl $(__KERNEL_DS),%eax # reload all the segment registers
348 movl %eax,%ss # after changing gdt.
350 movl $(__USER_DS),%eax # DS/ES contains default USER segment
354 movl $(__KERNEL_PERCPU), %eax
355 movl %eax,%fs # set this cpu's percpu
357 movl $(__KERNEL_STACK_CANARY),%eax
360 xorl %eax,%eax # Clear LDT
365 ENDPROC(startup_32_smp)
367 #include "verify_cpu.S"
372 * The setup work we only want to run on the BSP.
374 * Warning: %esi is live across this function.
378 #ifdef CONFIG_STACKPROTECTOR
380 * Configure the stack canary. The linker can't handle this by
381 * relocation. Manually set base address in stack canary
382 * segment descriptor.
385 movl $stack_canary,%ecx
386 movw %cx, 8 * GDT_ENTRY_STACK_CANARY + 2(%eax)
388 movb %cl, 8 * GDT_ENTRY_STACK_CANARY + 4(%eax)
389 movb %ch, 8 * GDT_ENTRY_STACK_CANARY + 7(%eax)
392 andl $0,setup_once_ref /* Once is enough, thanks */
395 ENTRY(early_idt_handler_array)
399 # 24(%rsp) error code
401 .rept NUM_EXCEPTION_VECTORS
402 .if ((EXCEPTION_ERRCODE_MASK >> i) & 1) == 0
403 pushl $0 # Dummy error code, to make stack frame uniform
405 pushl $i # 20(%esp) Vector number
406 jmp early_idt_handler_common
408 .fill early_idt_handler_array + i*EARLY_IDT_HANDLER_SIZE - ., 1, 0xcc
410 ENDPROC(early_idt_handler_array)
412 early_idt_handler_common:
414 * The stack is the hardware frame, an error code or zero, and the
419 incl %ss:early_recursion_flag
421 /* The vector number is in pt_regs->gs */
424 pushl %fs /* pt_regs->fs (__fsh varies by model) */
425 pushl %es /* pt_regs->es (__esh varies by model) */
426 pushl %ds /* pt_regs->ds (__dsh varies by model) */
427 pushl %eax /* pt_regs->ax */
428 pushl %ebp /* pt_regs->bp */
429 pushl %edi /* pt_regs->di */
430 pushl %esi /* pt_regs->si */
431 pushl %edx /* pt_regs->dx */
432 pushl %ecx /* pt_regs->cx */
433 pushl %ebx /* pt_regs->bx */
435 /* Fix up DS and ES */
436 movl $(__KERNEL_DS), %ecx
440 /* Load the vector number into EDX */
441 movl PT_GS(%esp), %edx
443 /* Load GS into pt_regs->gs (and maybe clobber __gsh) */
444 movw %gs, PT_GS(%esp)
446 movl %esp, %eax /* args are pt_regs (EAX), trapnr (EDX) */
447 call early_fixup_exception
449 popl %ebx /* pt_regs->bx */
450 popl %ecx /* pt_regs->cx */
451 popl %edx /* pt_regs->dx */
452 popl %esi /* pt_regs->si */
453 popl %edi /* pt_regs->di */
454 popl %ebp /* pt_regs->bp */
455 popl %eax /* pt_regs->ax */
456 popl %ds /* pt_regs->ds (always ignores __dsh) */
457 popl %es /* pt_regs->es (always ignores __esh) */
458 popl %fs /* pt_regs->fs (always ignores __fsh) */
459 popl %gs /* pt_regs->gs (always ignores __gsh) */
460 decl %ss:early_recursion_flag
461 addl $4, %esp /* pop pt_regs->orig_ax */
463 ENDPROC(early_idt_handler_common)
465 /* This is the default interrupt "handler" :-) */
466 ENTRY(early_ignore_irq)
474 movl $(__KERNEL_DS),%eax
477 cmpl $2,early_recursion_flag
479 incl early_recursion_flag
501 ENDPROC(early_ignore_irq)
505 GLOBAL(early_recursion_flag)
511 .long i386_start_kernel
512 ENTRY(setup_once_ref)
515 #ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION
516 #define PGD_ALIGN (2 * PAGE_SIZE)
517 #define PTI_USER_PGD_FILL 1024
519 #define PGD_ALIGN (PAGE_SIZE)
520 #define PTI_USER_PGD_FILL 0
527 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
528 .globl initial_pg_pmd
532 .globl initial_page_table
539 .globl swapper_pg_dir
543 .fill PTI_USER_PGD_FILL,4,0
544 .globl empty_zero_page
547 EXPORT_SYMBOL(empty_zero_page)
550 * This starts the data section.
552 #ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
554 /* Page-aligned for the benefit of paravirt? */
556 ENTRY(initial_page_table)
557 .long pa(initial_pg_pmd+PGD_IDENT_ATTR),0 /* low identity map */
559 .long pa(initial_pg_pmd+PGD_IDENT_ATTR),0
560 .long pa(initial_pg_pmd+PGD_IDENT_ATTR+0x1000),0
561 .long pa(initial_pg_pmd+PGD_IDENT_ATTR+0x2000),0
564 .long pa(initial_pg_pmd+PGD_IDENT_ATTR),0
565 .long pa(initial_pg_pmd+PGD_IDENT_ATTR+0x1000),0
569 .long pa(initial_pg_pmd+PGD_IDENT_ATTR),0
571 # error "Kernel PMDs should be 1, 2 or 3"
573 .align PAGE_SIZE /* needs to be page-sized too */
580 * The SIZEOF_PTREGS gap is a convention which helps the in-kernel
581 * unwinder reliably detect the end of the stack.
583 .long init_thread_union + THREAD_SIZE - SIZEOF_PTREGS - \
584 TOP_OF_KERNEL_STACK_PADDING;
588 .asciz "Unknown interrupt or fault at: %p %p %p\n"
590 #include "../../x86/xen/xen-head.S"
593 * The IDT and GDT 'descriptors' are a strange 48-bit object
594 * only used by the lidt and lgdt instructions. They are not
595 * like usual segment descriptors - they consist of a 16-bit
596 * segment size, and 32-bit linear address value:
600 .globl boot_gdt_descr
603 # early boot GDT descriptor (must use 1:1 address mapping)
604 .word 0 # 32 bit align gdt_desc.address
607 .long boot_gdt - __PAGE_OFFSET
609 # boot GDT descriptor (later on used by CPU#0):
610 .word 0 # 32 bit align gdt_desc.address
611 ENTRY(early_gdt_descr)
612 .word GDT_ENTRIES*8-1
613 .long gdt_page /* Overwritten for secondary CPUs */
616 * The boot_gdt must mirror the equivalent in setup.S and is
617 * used only for booting.
619 .align L1_CACHE_BYTES
621 .fill GDT_ENTRY_BOOT_CS,8,0
622 .quad 0x00cf9a000000ffff /* kernel 4GB code at 0x00000000 */
623 .quad 0x00cf92000000ffff /* kernel 4GB data at 0x00000000 */