1 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
5 * Author: Vitaly Wool <vitaly.wool@konsulko.com>
6 * Copyright (C) 2016, Sony Mobile Communications Inc.
8 * This implementation is based on zbud written by Seth Jennings.
10 * z3fold is an special purpose allocator for storing compressed pages. It
11 * can store up to three compressed pages per page which improves the
12 * compression ratio of zbud while retaining its main concepts (e. g. always
13 * storing an integral number of objects per page) and simplicity.
14 * It still has simple and deterministic reclaim properties that make it
15 * preferable to a higher density approach (with no requirement on integral
16 * number of object per page) when reclaim is used.
18 * As in zbud, pages are divided into "chunks". The size of the chunks is
19 * fixed at compile time and is determined by NCHUNKS_ORDER below.
21 * z3fold doesn't export any API and is meant to be used via zpool API.
24 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
26 #include <linux/atomic.h>
27 #include <linux/sched.h>
28 #include <linux/cpumask.h>
29 #include <linux/list.h>
31 #include <linux/module.h>
32 #include <linux/page-flags.h>
33 #include <linux/migrate.h>
34 #include <linux/node.h>
35 #include <linux/compaction.h>
36 #include <linux/percpu.h>
37 #include <linux/mount.h>
38 #include <linux/pseudo_fs.h>
40 #include <linux/preempt.h>
41 #include <linux/workqueue.h>
42 #include <linux/slab.h>
43 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
44 #include <linux/zpool.h>
45 #include <linux/magic.h>
48 * NCHUNKS_ORDER determines the internal allocation granularity, effectively
49 * adjusting internal fragmentation. It also determines the number of
50 * freelists maintained in each pool. NCHUNKS_ORDER of 6 means that the
51 * allocation granularity will be in chunks of size PAGE_SIZE/64. Some chunks
52 * in the beginning of an allocated page are occupied by z3fold header, so
53 * NCHUNKS will be calculated to 63 (or 62 in case CONFIG_DEBUG_SPINLOCK=y),
54 * which shows the max number of free chunks in z3fold page, also there will
55 * be 63, or 62, respectively, freelists per pool.
57 #define NCHUNKS_ORDER 6
59 #define CHUNK_SHIFT (PAGE_SHIFT - NCHUNKS_ORDER)
60 #define CHUNK_SIZE (1 << CHUNK_SHIFT)
61 #define ZHDR_SIZE_ALIGNED round_up(sizeof(struct z3fold_header), CHUNK_SIZE)
62 #define ZHDR_CHUNKS (ZHDR_SIZE_ALIGNED >> CHUNK_SHIFT)
63 #define TOTAL_CHUNKS (PAGE_SIZE >> CHUNK_SHIFT)
64 #define NCHUNKS ((PAGE_SIZE - ZHDR_SIZE_ALIGNED) >> CHUNK_SHIFT)
66 #define BUDDY_MASK (0x3)
68 #define SLOTS_ALIGN (0x40)
75 int (*evict
)(struct z3fold_pool
*pool
, unsigned long handle
);
86 struct z3fold_buddy_slots
{
88 * we are using BUDDY_MASK in handle_to_buddy etc. so there should
89 * be enough slots to hold all possible variants
91 unsigned long slot
[BUDDY_MASK
+ 1];
92 unsigned long pool
; /* back link + flags */
94 #define HANDLE_FLAG_MASK (0x03)
97 * struct z3fold_header - z3fold page metadata occupying first chunks of each
98 * z3fold page, except for HEADLESS pages
99 * @buddy: links the z3fold page into the relevant list in the
101 * @page_lock: per-page lock
102 * @refcount: reference count for the z3fold page
103 * @work: work_struct for page layout optimization
104 * @slots: pointer to the structure holding buddy slots
105 * @pool: pointer to the containing pool
106 * @cpu: CPU which this page "belongs" to
107 * @first_chunks: the size of the first buddy in chunks, 0 if free
108 * @middle_chunks: the size of the middle buddy in chunks, 0 if free
109 * @last_chunks: the size of the last buddy in chunks, 0 if free
110 * @first_num: the starting number (for the first handle)
111 * @mapped_count: the number of objects currently mapped
113 struct z3fold_header
{
114 struct list_head buddy
;
115 spinlock_t page_lock
;
116 struct kref refcount
;
117 struct work_struct work
;
118 struct z3fold_buddy_slots
*slots
;
119 struct z3fold_pool
*pool
;
121 unsigned short first_chunks
;
122 unsigned short middle_chunks
;
123 unsigned short last_chunks
;
124 unsigned short start_middle
;
125 unsigned short first_num
:2;
126 unsigned short mapped_count
:2;
130 * struct z3fold_pool - stores metadata for each z3fold pool
132 * @lock: protects pool unbuddied/lru lists
133 * @stale_lock: protects pool stale page list
134 * @unbuddied: per-cpu array of lists tracking z3fold pages that contain 2-
135 * buddies; the list each z3fold page is added to depends on
136 * the size of its free region.
137 * @lru: list tracking the z3fold pages in LRU order by most recently
139 * @stale: list of pages marked for freeing
140 * @pages_nr: number of z3fold pages in the pool.
141 * @c_handle: cache for z3fold_buddy_slots allocation
142 * @ops: pointer to a structure of user defined operations specified at
143 * pool creation time.
144 * @compact_wq: workqueue for page layout background optimization
145 * @release_wq: workqueue for safe page release
146 * @work: work_struct for safe page release
147 * @inode: inode for z3fold pseudo filesystem
149 * This structure is allocated at pool creation time and maintains metadata
150 * pertaining to a particular z3fold pool.
155 spinlock_t stale_lock
;
156 struct list_head
*unbuddied
;
157 struct list_head lru
;
158 struct list_head stale
;
160 struct kmem_cache
*c_handle
;
161 const struct z3fold_ops
*ops
;
163 const struct zpool_ops
*zpool_ops
;
164 struct workqueue_struct
*compact_wq
;
165 struct workqueue_struct
*release_wq
;
166 struct work_struct work
;
171 * Internal z3fold page flags
173 enum z3fold_page_flags
{
178 PAGE_CLAIMED
, /* by either reclaim or free */
185 /* Converts an allocation size in bytes to size in z3fold chunks */
186 static int size_to_chunks(size_t size
)
188 return (size
+ CHUNK_SIZE
- 1) >> CHUNK_SHIFT
;
191 #define for_each_unbuddied_list(_iter, _begin) \
192 for ((_iter) = (_begin); (_iter) < NCHUNKS; (_iter)++)
194 static void compact_page_work(struct work_struct
*w
);
196 static inline struct z3fold_buddy_slots
*alloc_slots(struct z3fold_pool
*pool
,
199 struct z3fold_buddy_slots
*slots
;
201 slots
= kmem_cache_alloc(pool
->c_handle
,
202 (gfp
& ~(__GFP_HIGHMEM
| __GFP_MOVABLE
)));
205 memset(slots
->slot
, 0, sizeof(slots
->slot
));
206 slots
->pool
= (unsigned long)pool
;
212 static inline struct z3fold_pool
*slots_to_pool(struct z3fold_buddy_slots
*s
)
214 return (struct z3fold_pool
*)(s
->pool
& ~HANDLE_FLAG_MASK
);
217 static inline struct z3fold_buddy_slots
*handle_to_slots(unsigned long handle
)
219 return (struct z3fold_buddy_slots
*)(handle
& ~(SLOTS_ALIGN
- 1));
222 static inline void free_handle(unsigned long handle
)
224 struct z3fold_buddy_slots
*slots
;
228 if (handle
& (1 << PAGE_HEADLESS
))
231 WARN_ON(*(unsigned long *)handle
== 0);
232 *(unsigned long *)handle
= 0;
233 slots
= handle_to_slots(handle
);
235 for (i
= 0; i
<= BUDDY_MASK
; i
++) {
236 if (slots
->slot
[i
]) {
243 struct z3fold_pool
*pool
= slots_to_pool(slots
);
245 kmem_cache_free(pool
->c_handle
, slots
);
249 static int z3fold_init_fs_context(struct fs_context
*fc
)
251 return init_pseudo(fc
, Z3FOLD_MAGIC
) ? 0 : -ENOMEM
;
254 static struct file_system_type z3fold_fs
= {
256 .init_fs_context
= z3fold_init_fs_context
,
257 .kill_sb
= kill_anon_super
,
260 static struct vfsmount
*z3fold_mnt
;
261 static int z3fold_mount(void)
265 z3fold_mnt
= kern_mount(&z3fold_fs
);
266 if (IS_ERR(z3fold_mnt
))
267 ret
= PTR_ERR(z3fold_mnt
);
272 static void z3fold_unmount(void)
274 kern_unmount(z3fold_mnt
);
277 static const struct address_space_operations z3fold_aops
;
278 static int z3fold_register_migration(struct z3fold_pool
*pool
)
280 pool
->inode
= alloc_anon_inode(z3fold_mnt
->mnt_sb
);
281 if (IS_ERR(pool
->inode
)) {
286 pool
->inode
->i_mapping
->private_data
= pool
;
287 pool
->inode
->i_mapping
->a_ops
= &z3fold_aops
;
291 static void z3fold_unregister_migration(struct z3fold_pool
*pool
)
297 /* Initializes the z3fold header of a newly allocated z3fold page */
298 static struct z3fold_header
*init_z3fold_page(struct page
*page
, bool headless
,
299 struct z3fold_pool
*pool
, gfp_t gfp
)
301 struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
= page_address(page
);
302 struct z3fold_buddy_slots
*slots
;
304 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page
->lru
);
305 clear_bit(PAGE_HEADLESS
, &page
->private);
306 clear_bit(MIDDLE_CHUNK_MAPPED
, &page
->private);
307 clear_bit(NEEDS_COMPACTING
, &page
->private);
308 clear_bit(PAGE_STALE
, &page
->private);
309 clear_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED
, &page
->private);
313 slots
= alloc_slots(pool
, gfp
);
317 spin_lock_init(&zhdr
->page_lock
);
318 kref_init(&zhdr
->refcount
);
319 zhdr
->first_chunks
= 0;
320 zhdr
->middle_chunks
= 0;
321 zhdr
->last_chunks
= 0;
323 zhdr
->start_middle
= 0;
327 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&zhdr
->buddy
);
328 INIT_WORK(&zhdr
->work
, compact_page_work
);
332 /* Resets the struct page fields and frees the page */
333 static void free_z3fold_page(struct page
*page
, bool headless
)
337 __ClearPageMovable(page
);
340 ClearPagePrivate(page
);
344 /* Lock a z3fold page */
345 static inline void z3fold_page_lock(struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
)
347 spin_lock(&zhdr
->page_lock
);
350 /* Try to lock a z3fold page */
351 static inline int z3fold_page_trylock(struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
)
353 return spin_trylock(&zhdr
->page_lock
);
356 /* Unlock a z3fold page */
357 static inline void z3fold_page_unlock(struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
)
359 spin_unlock(&zhdr
->page_lock
);
362 /* Helper function to build the index */
363 static inline int __idx(struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
, enum buddy bud
)
365 return (bud
+ zhdr
->first_num
) & BUDDY_MASK
;
369 * Encodes the handle of a particular buddy within a z3fold page
370 * Pool lock should be held as this function accesses first_num
372 static unsigned long __encode_handle(struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
,
373 struct z3fold_buddy_slots
*slots
,
376 unsigned long h
= (unsigned long)zhdr
;
380 * For a headless page, its handle is its pointer with the extra
381 * PAGE_HEADLESS bit set
384 return h
| (1 << PAGE_HEADLESS
);
386 /* otherwise, return pointer to encoded handle */
387 idx
= __idx(zhdr
, bud
);
390 h
|= (zhdr
->last_chunks
<< BUDDY_SHIFT
);
392 slots
->slot
[idx
] = h
;
393 return (unsigned long)&slots
->slot
[idx
];
396 static unsigned long encode_handle(struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
, enum buddy bud
)
398 return __encode_handle(zhdr
, zhdr
->slots
, bud
);
401 /* Returns the z3fold page where a given handle is stored */
402 static inline struct z3fold_header
*handle_to_z3fold_header(unsigned long h
)
404 unsigned long addr
= h
;
406 if (!(addr
& (1 << PAGE_HEADLESS
)))
407 addr
= *(unsigned long *)h
;
409 return (struct z3fold_header
*)(addr
& PAGE_MASK
);
412 /* only for LAST bud, returns zero otherwise */
413 static unsigned short handle_to_chunks(unsigned long handle
)
415 unsigned long addr
= *(unsigned long *)handle
;
417 return (addr
& ~PAGE_MASK
) >> BUDDY_SHIFT
;
421 * (handle & BUDDY_MASK) < zhdr->first_num is possible in encode_handle
422 * but that doesn't matter. because the masking will result in the
423 * correct buddy number.
425 static enum buddy
handle_to_buddy(unsigned long handle
)
427 struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
;
430 WARN_ON(handle
& (1 << PAGE_HEADLESS
));
431 addr
= *(unsigned long *)handle
;
432 zhdr
= (struct z3fold_header
*)(addr
& PAGE_MASK
);
433 return (addr
- zhdr
->first_num
) & BUDDY_MASK
;
436 static inline struct z3fold_pool
*zhdr_to_pool(struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
)
441 static void __release_z3fold_page(struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
, bool locked
)
443 struct page
*page
= virt_to_page(zhdr
);
444 struct z3fold_pool
*pool
= zhdr_to_pool(zhdr
);
446 WARN_ON(!list_empty(&zhdr
->buddy
));
447 set_bit(PAGE_STALE
, &page
->private);
448 clear_bit(NEEDS_COMPACTING
, &page
->private);
449 spin_lock(&pool
->lock
);
450 if (!list_empty(&page
->lru
))
451 list_del_init(&page
->lru
);
452 spin_unlock(&pool
->lock
);
454 z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr
);
455 spin_lock(&pool
->stale_lock
);
456 list_add(&zhdr
->buddy
, &pool
->stale
);
457 queue_work(pool
->release_wq
, &pool
->work
);
458 spin_unlock(&pool
->stale_lock
);
461 static void __attribute__((__unused__
))
462 release_z3fold_page(struct kref
*ref
)
464 struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
= container_of(ref
, struct z3fold_header
,
466 __release_z3fold_page(zhdr
, false);
469 static void release_z3fold_page_locked(struct kref
*ref
)
471 struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
= container_of(ref
, struct z3fold_header
,
473 WARN_ON(z3fold_page_trylock(zhdr
));
474 __release_z3fold_page(zhdr
, true);
477 static void release_z3fold_page_locked_list(struct kref
*ref
)
479 struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
= container_of(ref
, struct z3fold_header
,
481 struct z3fold_pool
*pool
= zhdr_to_pool(zhdr
);
482 spin_lock(&pool
->lock
);
483 list_del_init(&zhdr
->buddy
);
484 spin_unlock(&pool
->lock
);
486 WARN_ON(z3fold_page_trylock(zhdr
));
487 __release_z3fold_page(zhdr
, true);
490 static void free_pages_work(struct work_struct
*w
)
492 struct z3fold_pool
*pool
= container_of(w
, struct z3fold_pool
, work
);
494 spin_lock(&pool
->stale_lock
);
495 while (!list_empty(&pool
->stale
)) {
496 struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
= list_first_entry(&pool
->stale
,
497 struct z3fold_header
, buddy
);
498 struct page
*page
= virt_to_page(zhdr
);
500 list_del(&zhdr
->buddy
);
501 if (WARN_ON(!test_bit(PAGE_STALE
, &page
->private)))
503 spin_unlock(&pool
->stale_lock
);
504 cancel_work_sync(&zhdr
->work
);
505 free_z3fold_page(page
, false);
507 spin_lock(&pool
->stale_lock
);
509 spin_unlock(&pool
->stale_lock
);
513 * Returns the number of free chunks in a z3fold page.
514 * NB: can't be used with HEADLESS pages.
516 static int num_free_chunks(struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
)
520 * If there is a middle object, pick up the bigger free space
521 * either before or after it. Otherwise just subtract the number
522 * of chunks occupied by the first and the last objects.
524 if (zhdr
->middle_chunks
!= 0) {
525 int nfree_before
= zhdr
->first_chunks
?
526 0 : zhdr
->start_middle
- ZHDR_CHUNKS
;
527 int nfree_after
= zhdr
->last_chunks
?
529 (zhdr
->start_middle
+ zhdr
->middle_chunks
);
530 nfree
= max(nfree_before
, nfree_after
);
532 nfree
= NCHUNKS
- zhdr
->first_chunks
- zhdr
->last_chunks
;
536 /* Add to the appropriate unbuddied list */
537 static inline void add_to_unbuddied(struct z3fold_pool
*pool
,
538 struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
)
540 if (zhdr
->first_chunks
== 0 || zhdr
->last_chunks
== 0 ||
541 zhdr
->middle_chunks
== 0) {
542 struct list_head
*unbuddied
= get_cpu_ptr(pool
->unbuddied
);
544 int freechunks
= num_free_chunks(zhdr
);
545 spin_lock(&pool
->lock
);
546 list_add(&zhdr
->buddy
, &unbuddied
[freechunks
]);
547 spin_unlock(&pool
->lock
);
548 zhdr
->cpu
= smp_processor_id();
549 put_cpu_ptr(pool
->unbuddied
);
553 static inline void *mchunk_memmove(struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
,
554 unsigned short dst_chunk
)
557 return memmove(beg
+ (dst_chunk
<< CHUNK_SHIFT
),
558 beg
+ (zhdr
->start_middle
<< CHUNK_SHIFT
),
559 zhdr
->middle_chunks
<< CHUNK_SHIFT
);
562 #define BIG_CHUNK_GAP 3
563 /* Has to be called with lock held */
564 static int z3fold_compact_page(struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
)
566 struct page
*page
= virt_to_page(zhdr
);
568 if (test_bit(MIDDLE_CHUNK_MAPPED
, &page
->private))
569 return 0; /* can't move middle chunk, it's used */
571 if (unlikely(PageIsolated(page
)))
574 if (zhdr
->middle_chunks
== 0)
575 return 0; /* nothing to compact */
577 if (zhdr
->first_chunks
== 0 && zhdr
->last_chunks
== 0) {
578 /* move to the beginning */
579 mchunk_memmove(zhdr
, ZHDR_CHUNKS
);
580 zhdr
->first_chunks
= zhdr
->middle_chunks
;
581 zhdr
->middle_chunks
= 0;
582 zhdr
->start_middle
= 0;
588 * moving data is expensive, so let's only do that if
589 * there's substantial gain (at least BIG_CHUNK_GAP chunks)
591 if (zhdr
->first_chunks
!= 0 && zhdr
->last_chunks
== 0 &&
592 zhdr
->start_middle
- (zhdr
->first_chunks
+ ZHDR_CHUNKS
) >=
594 mchunk_memmove(zhdr
, zhdr
->first_chunks
+ ZHDR_CHUNKS
);
595 zhdr
->start_middle
= zhdr
->first_chunks
+ ZHDR_CHUNKS
;
597 } else if (zhdr
->last_chunks
!= 0 && zhdr
->first_chunks
== 0 &&
598 TOTAL_CHUNKS
- (zhdr
->last_chunks
+ zhdr
->start_middle
599 + zhdr
->middle_chunks
) >=
601 unsigned short new_start
= TOTAL_CHUNKS
- zhdr
->last_chunks
-
603 mchunk_memmove(zhdr
, new_start
);
604 zhdr
->start_middle
= new_start
;
611 static void do_compact_page(struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
, bool locked
)
613 struct z3fold_pool
*pool
= zhdr_to_pool(zhdr
);
616 page
= virt_to_page(zhdr
);
618 WARN_ON(z3fold_page_trylock(zhdr
));
620 z3fold_page_lock(zhdr
);
621 if (WARN_ON(!test_and_clear_bit(NEEDS_COMPACTING
, &page
->private))) {
622 z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr
);
625 spin_lock(&pool
->lock
);
626 list_del_init(&zhdr
->buddy
);
627 spin_unlock(&pool
->lock
);
629 if (kref_put(&zhdr
->refcount
, release_z3fold_page_locked
)) {
630 atomic64_dec(&pool
->pages_nr
);
634 if (unlikely(PageIsolated(page
) ||
635 test_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED
, &page
->private) ||
636 test_bit(PAGE_STALE
, &page
->private))) {
637 z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr
);
641 z3fold_compact_page(zhdr
);
642 add_to_unbuddied(pool
, zhdr
);
643 z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr
);
646 static void compact_page_work(struct work_struct
*w
)
648 struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
= container_of(w
, struct z3fold_header
,
651 do_compact_page(zhdr
, false);
654 /* returns _locked_ z3fold page header or NULL */
655 static inline struct z3fold_header
*__z3fold_alloc(struct z3fold_pool
*pool
,
656 size_t size
, bool can_sleep
)
658 struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
= NULL
;
660 struct list_head
*unbuddied
;
661 int chunks
= size_to_chunks(size
), i
;
664 /* First, try to find an unbuddied z3fold page. */
665 unbuddied
= get_cpu_ptr(pool
->unbuddied
);
666 for_each_unbuddied_list(i
, chunks
) {
667 struct list_head
*l
= &unbuddied
[i
];
669 zhdr
= list_first_entry_or_null(READ_ONCE(l
),
670 struct z3fold_header
, buddy
);
675 /* Re-check under lock. */
676 spin_lock(&pool
->lock
);
678 if (unlikely(zhdr
!= list_first_entry(READ_ONCE(l
),
679 struct z3fold_header
, buddy
)) ||
680 !z3fold_page_trylock(zhdr
)) {
681 spin_unlock(&pool
->lock
);
683 put_cpu_ptr(pool
->unbuddied
);
688 list_del_init(&zhdr
->buddy
);
690 spin_unlock(&pool
->lock
);
692 page
= virt_to_page(zhdr
);
693 if (test_bit(NEEDS_COMPACTING
, &page
->private)) {
694 z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr
);
696 put_cpu_ptr(pool
->unbuddied
);
703 * this page could not be removed from its unbuddied
704 * list while pool lock was held, and then we've taken
705 * page lock so kref_put could not be called before
706 * we got here, so it's safe to just call kref_get()
708 kref_get(&zhdr
->refcount
);
711 put_cpu_ptr(pool
->unbuddied
);
716 /* look for _exact_ match on other cpus' lists */
717 for_each_online_cpu(cpu
) {
720 unbuddied
= per_cpu_ptr(pool
->unbuddied
, cpu
);
721 spin_lock(&pool
->lock
);
722 l
= &unbuddied
[chunks
];
724 zhdr
= list_first_entry_or_null(READ_ONCE(l
),
725 struct z3fold_header
, buddy
);
727 if (!zhdr
|| !z3fold_page_trylock(zhdr
)) {
728 spin_unlock(&pool
->lock
);
732 list_del_init(&zhdr
->buddy
);
734 spin_unlock(&pool
->lock
);
736 page
= virt_to_page(zhdr
);
737 if (test_bit(NEEDS_COMPACTING
, &page
->private)) {
738 z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr
);
744 kref_get(&zhdr
->refcount
);
757 * z3fold_create_pool() - create a new z3fold pool
759 * @gfp: gfp flags when allocating the z3fold pool structure
760 * @ops: user-defined operations for the z3fold pool
762 * Return: pointer to the new z3fold pool or NULL if the metadata allocation
765 static struct z3fold_pool
*z3fold_create_pool(const char *name
, gfp_t gfp
,
766 const struct z3fold_ops
*ops
)
768 struct z3fold_pool
*pool
= NULL
;
771 pool
= kzalloc(sizeof(struct z3fold_pool
), gfp
);
774 pool
->c_handle
= kmem_cache_create("z3fold_handle",
775 sizeof(struct z3fold_buddy_slots
),
776 SLOTS_ALIGN
, 0, NULL
);
779 spin_lock_init(&pool
->lock
);
780 spin_lock_init(&pool
->stale_lock
);
781 pool
->unbuddied
= __alloc_percpu(sizeof(struct list_head
)*NCHUNKS
, 2);
782 if (!pool
->unbuddied
)
784 for_each_possible_cpu(cpu
) {
785 struct list_head
*unbuddied
=
786 per_cpu_ptr(pool
->unbuddied
, cpu
);
787 for_each_unbuddied_list(i
, 0)
788 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&unbuddied
[i
]);
790 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pool
->lru
);
791 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&pool
->stale
);
792 atomic64_set(&pool
->pages_nr
, 0);
794 pool
->compact_wq
= create_singlethread_workqueue(pool
->name
);
795 if (!pool
->compact_wq
)
797 pool
->release_wq
= create_singlethread_workqueue(pool
->name
);
798 if (!pool
->release_wq
)
800 if (z3fold_register_migration(pool
))
802 INIT_WORK(&pool
->work
, free_pages_work
);
807 destroy_workqueue(pool
->release_wq
);
809 destroy_workqueue(pool
->compact_wq
);
811 free_percpu(pool
->unbuddied
);
813 kmem_cache_destroy(pool
->c_handle
);
821 * z3fold_destroy_pool() - destroys an existing z3fold pool
822 * @pool: the z3fold pool to be destroyed
824 * The pool should be emptied before this function is called.
826 static void z3fold_destroy_pool(struct z3fold_pool
*pool
)
828 kmem_cache_destroy(pool
->c_handle
);
831 * We need to destroy pool->compact_wq before pool->release_wq,
832 * as any pending work on pool->compact_wq will call
833 * queue_work(pool->release_wq, &pool->work).
835 * There are still outstanding pages until both workqueues are drained,
836 * so we cannot unregister migration until then.
839 destroy_workqueue(pool
->compact_wq
);
840 destroy_workqueue(pool
->release_wq
);
841 z3fold_unregister_migration(pool
);
846 * z3fold_alloc() - allocates a region of a given size
847 * @pool: z3fold pool from which to allocate
848 * @size: size in bytes of the desired allocation
849 * @gfp: gfp flags used if the pool needs to grow
850 * @handle: handle of the new allocation
852 * This function will attempt to find a free region in the pool large enough to
853 * satisfy the allocation request. A search of the unbuddied lists is
854 * performed first. If no suitable free region is found, then a new page is
855 * allocated and added to the pool to satisfy the request.
857 * gfp should not set __GFP_HIGHMEM as highmem pages cannot be used
858 * as z3fold pool pages.
860 * Return: 0 if success and handle is set, otherwise -EINVAL if the size or
861 * gfp arguments are invalid or -ENOMEM if the pool was unable to allocate
864 static int z3fold_alloc(struct z3fold_pool
*pool
, size_t size
, gfp_t gfp
,
865 unsigned long *handle
)
867 int chunks
= size_to_chunks(size
);
868 struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
= NULL
;
869 struct page
*page
= NULL
;
871 bool can_sleep
= gfpflags_allow_blocking(gfp
);
876 if (size
> PAGE_SIZE
)
879 if (size
> PAGE_SIZE
- ZHDR_SIZE_ALIGNED
- CHUNK_SIZE
)
883 zhdr
= __z3fold_alloc(pool
, size
, can_sleep
);
885 if (zhdr
->first_chunks
== 0) {
886 if (zhdr
->middle_chunks
!= 0 &&
887 chunks
>= zhdr
->start_middle
)
891 } else if (zhdr
->last_chunks
== 0)
893 else if (zhdr
->middle_chunks
== 0)
896 if (kref_put(&zhdr
->refcount
,
897 release_z3fold_page_locked
))
898 atomic64_dec(&pool
->pages_nr
);
900 z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr
);
901 pr_err("No free chunks in unbuddied\n");
905 page
= virt_to_page(zhdr
);
913 spin_lock(&pool
->stale_lock
);
914 zhdr
= list_first_entry_or_null(&pool
->stale
,
915 struct z3fold_header
, buddy
);
917 * Before allocating a page, let's see if we can take one from
918 * the stale pages list. cancel_work_sync() can sleep so we
919 * limit this case to the contexts where we can sleep
922 list_del(&zhdr
->buddy
);
923 spin_unlock(&pool
->stale_lock
);
924 cancel_work_sync(&zhdr
->work
);
925 page
= virt_to_page(zhdr
);
927 spin_unlock(&pool
->stale_lock
);
931 page
= alloc_page(gfp
);
936 zhdr
= init_z3fold_page(page
, bud
== HEADLESS
, pool
, gfp
);
941 atomic64_inc(&pool
->pages_nr
);
943 if (bud
== HEADLESS
) {
944 set_bit(PAGE_HEADLESS
, &page
->private);
949 __SetPageMovable(page
, pool
->inode
->i_mapping
);
952 if (trylock_page(page
)) {
953 __SetPageMovable(page
, pool
->inode
->i_mapping
);
957 z3fold_page_lock(zhdr
);
961 zhdr
->first_chunks
= chunks
;
962 else if (bud
== LAST
)
963 zhdr
->last_chunks
= chunks
;
965 zhdr
->middle_chunks
= chunks
;
966 zhdr
->start_middle
= zhdr
->first_chunks
+ ZHDR_CHUNKS
;
968 add_to_unbuddied(pool
, zhdr
);
971 spin_lock(&pool
->lock
);
972 /* Add/move z3fold page to beginning of LRU */
973 if (!list_empty(&page
->lru
))
974 list_del(&page
->lru
);
976 list_add(&page
->lru
, &pool
->lru
);
978 *handle
= encode_handle(zhdr
, bud
);
979 spin_unlock(&pool
->lock
);
981 z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr
);
987 * z3fold_free() - frees the allocation associated with the given handle
988 * @pool: pool in which the allocation resided
989 * @handle: handle associated with the allocation returned by z3fold_alloc()
991 * In the case that the z3fold page in which the allocation resides is under
992 * reclaim, as indicated by the PG_reclaim flag being set, this function
993 * only sets the first|last_chunks to 0. The page is actually freed
994 * once both buddies are evicted (see z3fold_reclaim_page() below).
996 static void z3fold_free(struct z3fold_pool
*pool
, unsigned long handle
)
998 struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
;
1003 zhdr
= handle_to_z3fold_header(handle
);
1004 page
= virt_to_page(zhdr
);
1005 page_claimed
= test_and_set_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED
, &page
->private);
1007 if (test_bit(PAGE_HEADLESS
, &page
->private)) {
1008 /* if a headless page is under reclaim, just leave.
1009 * NB: we use test_and_set_bit for a reason: if the bit
1010 * has not been set before, we release this page
1011 * immediately so we don't care about its value any more.
1013 if (!page_claimed
) {
1014 spin_lock(&pool
->lock
);
1015 list_del(&page
->lru
);
1016 spin_unlock(&pool
->lock
);
1017 free_z3fold_page(page
, true);
1018 atomic64_dec(&pool
->pages_nr
);
1023 /* Non-headless case */
1024 z3fold_page_lock(zhdr
);
1025 bud
= handle_to_buddy(handle
);
1029 zhdr
->first_chunks
= 0;
1032 zhdr
->middle_chunks
= 0;
1035 zhdr
->last_chunks
= 0;
1038 pr_err("%s: unknown bud %d\n", __func__
, bud
);
1040 z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr
);
1044 free_handle(handle
);
1045 if (kref_put(&zhdr
->refcount
, release_z3fold_page_locked_list
)) {
1046 atomic64_dec(&pool
->pages_nr
);
1050 /* the page has not been claimed by us */
1051 z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr
);
1054 if (unlikely(PageIsolated(page
)) ||
1055 test_and_set_bit(NEEDS_COMPACTING
, &page
->private)) {
1056 z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr
);
1057 clear_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED
, &page
->private);
1060 if (zhdr
->cpu
< 0 || !cpu_online(zhdr
->cpu
)) {
1061 spin_lock(&pool
->lock
);
1062 list_del_init(&zhdr
->buddy
);
1063 spin_unlock(&pool
->lock
);
1065 kref_get(&zhdr
->refcount
);
1066 do_compact_page(zhdr
, true);
1067 clear_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED
, &page
->private);
1070 kref_get(&zhdr
->refcount
);
1071 queue_work_on(zhdr
->cpu
, pool
->compact_wq
, &zhdr
->work
);
1072 clear_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED
, &page
->private);
1073 z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr
);
1077 * z3fold_reclaim_page() - evicts allocations from a pool page and frees it
1078 * @pool: pool from which a page will attempt to be evicted
1079 * @retries: number of pages on the LRU list for which eviction will
1080 * be attempted before failing
1082 * z3fold reclaim is different from normal system reclaim in that it is done
1083 * from the bottom, up. This is because only the bottom layer, z3fold, has
1084 * information on how the allocations are organized within each z3fold page.
1085 * This has the potential to create interesting locking situations between
1086 * z3fold and the user, however.
1088 * To avoid these, this is how z3fold_reclaim_page() should be called:
1090 * The user detects a page should be reclaimed and calls z3fold_reclaim_page().
1091 * z3fold_reclaim_page() will remove a z3fold page from the pool LRU list and
1092 * call the user-defined eviction handler with the pool and handle as
1095 * If the handle can not be evicted, the eviction handler should return
1096 * non-zero. z3fold_reclaim_page() will add the z3fold page back to the
1097 * appropriate list and try the next z3fold page on the LRU up to
1098 * a user defined number of retries.
1100 * If the handle is successfully evicted, the eviction handler should
1101 * return 0 _and_ should have called z3fold_free() on the handle. z3fold_free()
1102 * contains logic to delay freeing the page if the page is under reclaim,
1103 * as indicated by the setting of the PG_reclaim flag on the underlying page.
1105 * If all buddies in the z3fold page are successfully evicted, then the
1106 * z3fold page can be freed.
1108 * Returns: 0 if page is successfully freed, otherwise -EINVAL if there are
1109 * no pages to evict or an eviction handler is not registered, -EAGAIN if
1110 * the retry limit was hit.
1112 static int z3fold_reclaim_page(struct z3fold_pool
*pool
, unsigned int retries
)
1115 struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
= NULL
;
1116 struct page
*page
= NULL
;
1117 struct list_head
*pos
;
1118 struct z3fold_buddy_slots slots
;
1119 unsigned long first_handle
= 0, middle_handle
= 0, last_handle
= 0;
1121 spin_lock(&pool
->lock
);
1122 if (!pool
->ops
|| !pool
->ops
->evict
|| retries
== 0) {
1123 spin_unlock(&pool
->lock
);
1126 for (i
= 0; i
< retries
; i
++) {
1127 if (list_empty(&pool
->lru
)) {
1128 spin_unlock(&pool
->lock
);
1131 list_for_each_prev(pos
, &pool
->lru
) {
1132 page
= list_entry(pos
, struct page
, lru
);
1134 /* this bit could have been set by free, in which case
1135 * we pass over to the next page in the pool.
1137 if (test_and_set_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED
, &page
->private)) {
1142 if (unlikely(PageIsolated(page
))) {
1143 clear_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED
, &page
->private);
1147 zhdr
= page_address(page
);
1148 if (test_bit(PAGE_HEADLESS
, &page
->private))
1151 if (!z3fold_page_trylock(zhdr
)) {
1152 clear_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED
, &page
->private);
1154 continue; /* can't evict at this point */
1156 kref_get(&zhdr
->refcount
);
1157 list_del_init(&zhdr
->buddy
);
1165 list_del_init(&page
->lru
);
1166 spin_unlock(&pool
->lock
);
1168 if (!test_bit(PAGE_HEADLESS
, &page
->private)) {
1170 * We need encode the handles before unlocking, and
1171 * use our local slots structure because z3fold_free
1172 * can zero out zhdr->slots and we can't do much
1178 if (zhdr
->first_chunks
)
1179 first_handle
= __encode_handle(zhdr
, &slots
,
1181 if (zhdr
->middle_chunks
)
1182 middle_handle
= __encode_handle(zhdr
, &slots
,
1184 if (zhdr
->last_chunks
)
1185 last_handle
= __encode_handle(zhdr
, &slots
,
1188 * it's safe to unlock here because we hold a
1189 * reference to this page
1191 z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr
);
1193 first_handle
= __encode_handle(zhdr
, &slots
, HEADLESS
);
1194 last_handle
= middle_handle
= 0;
1197 /* Issue the eviction callback(s) */
1198 if (middle_handle
) {
1199 ret
= pool
->ops
->evict(pool
, middle_handle
);
1204 ret
= pool
->ops
->evict(pool
, first_handle
);
1209 ret
= pool
->ops
->evict(pool
, last_handle
);
1214 if (test_bit(PAGE_HEADLESS
, &page
->private)) {
1216 free_z3fold_page(page
, true);
1217 atomic64_dec(&pool
->pages_nr
);
1220 spin_lock(&pool
->lock
);
1221 list_add(&page
->lru
, &pool
->lru
);
1222 spin_unlock(&pool
->lock
);
1223 clear_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED
, &page
->private);
1225 z3fold_page_lock(zhdr
);
1226 if (kref_put(&zhdr
->refcount
,
1227 release_z3fold_page_locked
)) {
1228 atomic64_dec(&pool
->pages_nr
);
1232 * if we are here, the page is still not completely
1233 * free. Take the global pool lock then to be able
1234 * to add it back to the lru list
1236 spin_lock(&pool
->lock
);
1237 list_add(&page
->lru
, &pool
->lru
);
1238 spin_unlock(&pool
->lock
);
1239 z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr
);
1240 clear_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED
, &page
->private);
1243 /* We started off locked to we need to lock the pool back */
1244 spin_lock(&pool
->lock
);
1246 spin_unlock(&pool
->lock
);
1251 * z3fold_map() - maps the allocation associated with the given handle
1252 * @pool: pool in which the allocation resides
1253 * @handle: handle associated with the allocation to be mapped
1255 * Extracts the buddy number from handle and constructs the pointer to the
1256 * correct starting chunk within the page.
1258 * Returns: a pointer to the mapped allocation
1260 static void *z3fold_map(struct z3fold_pool
*pool
, unsigned long handle
)
1262 struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
;
1267 zhdr
= handle_to_z3fold_header(handle
);
1269 page
= virt_to_page(zhdr
);
1271 if (test_bit(PAGE_HEADLESS
, &page
->private))
1274 z3fold_page_lock(zhdr
);
1275 buddy
= handle_to_buddy(handle
);
1278 addr
+= ZHDR_SIZE_ALIGNED
;
1281 addr
+= zhdr
->start_middle
<< CHUNK_SHIFT
;
1282 set_bit(MIDDLE_CHUNK_MAPPED
, &page
->private);
1285 addr
+= PAGE_SIZE
- (handle_to_chunks(handle
) << CHUNK_SHIFT
);
1288 pr_err("unknown buddy id %d\n", buddy
);
1295 zhdr
->mapped_count
++;
1296 z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr
);
1302 * z3fold_unmap() - unmaps the allocation associated with the given handle
1303 * @pool: pool in which the allocation resides
1304 * @handle: handle associated with the allocation to be unmapped
1306 static void z3fold_unmap(struct z3fold_pool
*pool
, unsigned long handle
)
1308 struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
;
1312 zhdr
= handle_to_z3fold_header(handle
);
1313 page
= virt_to_page(zhdr
);
1315 if (test_bit(PAGE_HEADLESS
, &page
->private))
1318 z3fold_page_lock(zhdr
);
1319 buddy
= handle_to_buddy(handle
);
1320 if (buddy
== MIDDLE
)
1321 clear_bit(MIDDLE_CHUNK_MAPPED
, &page
->private);
1322 zhdr
->mapped_count
--;
1323 z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr
);
1327 * z3fold_get_pool_size() - gets the z3fold pool size in pages
1328 * @pool: pool whose size is being queried
1330 * Returns: size in pages of the given pool.
1332 static u64
z3fold_get_pool_size(struct z3fold_pool
*pool
)
1334 return atomic64_read(&pool
->pages_nr
);
1337 static bool z3fold_page_isolate(struct page
*page
, isolate_mode_t mode
)
1339 struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
;
1340 struct z3fold_pool
*pool
;
1342 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageMovable(page
), page
);
1343 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageIsolated(page
), page
);
1345 if (test_bit(PAGE_HEADLESS
, &page
->private) ||
1346 test_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED
, &page
->private))
1349 zhdr
= page_address(page
);
1350 z3fold_page_lock(zhdr
);
1351 if (test_bit(NEEDS_COMPACTING
, &page
->private) ||
1352 test_bit(PAGE_STALE
, &page
->private))
1355 pool
= zhdr_to_pool(zhdr
);
1357 if (zhdr
->mapped_count
== 0) {
1358 kref_get(&zhdr
->refcount
);
1359 if (!list_empty(&zhdr
->buddy
))
1360 list_del_init(&zhdr
->buddy
);
1361 spin_lock(&pool
->lock
);
1362 if (!list_empty(&page
->lru
))
1363 list_del(&page
->lru
);
1364 spin_unlock(&pool
->lock
);
1365 z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr
);
1369 z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr
);
1373 static int z3fold_page_migrate(struct address_space
*mapping
, struct page
*newpage
,
1374 struct page
*page
, enum migrate_mode mode
)
1376 struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
, *new_zhdr
;
1377 struct z3fold_pool
*pool
;
1378 struct address_space
*new_mapping
;
1380 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageMovable(page
), page
);
1381 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageIsolated(page
), page
);
1382 VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(newpage
), newpage
);
1384 zhdr
= page_address(page
);
1385 pool
= zhdr_to_pool(zhdr
);
1387 if (!z3fold_page_trylock(zhdr
)) {
1390 if (zhdr
->mapped_count
!= 0) {
1391 z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr
);
1394 if (work_pending(&zhdr
->work
)) {
1395 z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr
);
1398 new_zhdr
= page_address(newpage
);
1399 memcpy(new_zhdr
, zhdr
, PAGE_SIZE
);
1400 newpage
->private = page
->private;
1402 z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr
);
1403 spin_lock_init(&new_zhdr
->page_lock
);
1404 INIT_WORK(&new_zhdr
->work
, compact_page_work
);
1406 * z3fold_page_isolate() ensures that new_zhdr->buddy is empty,
1407 * so we only have to reinitialize it.
1409 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&new_zhdr
->buddy
);
1410 new_mapping
= page_mapping(page
);
1411 __ClearPageMovable(page
);
1412 ClearPagePrivate(page
);
1415 z3fold_page_lock(new_zhdr
);
1416 if (new_zhdr
->first_chunks
)
1417 encode_handle(new_zhdr
, FIRST
);
1418 if (new_zhdr
->last_chunks
)
1419 encode_handle(new_zhdr
, LAST
);
1420 if (new_zhdr
->middle_chunks
)
1421 encode_handle(new_zhdr
, MIDDLE
);
1422 set_bit(NEEDS_COMPACTING
, &newpage
->private);
1423 new_zhdr
->cpu
= smp_processor_id();
1424 spin_lock(&pool
->lock
);
1425 list_add(&newpage
->lru
, &pool
->lru
);
1426 spin_unlock(&pool
->lock
);
1427 __SetPageMovable(newpage
, new_mapping
);
1428 z3fold_page_unlock(new_zhdr
);
1430 queue_work_on(new_zhdr
->cpu
, pool
->compact_wq
, &new_zhdr
->work
);
1432 page_mapcount_reset(page
);
1437 static void z3fold_page_putback(struct page
*page
)
1439 struct z3fold_header
*zhdr
;
1440 struct z3fold_pool
*pool
;
1442 zhdr
= page_address(page
);
1443 pool
= zhdr_to_pool(zhdr
);
1445 z3fold_page_lock(zhdr
);
1446 if (!list_empty(&zhdr
->buddy
))
1447 list_del_init(&zhdr
->buddy
);
1448 INIT_LIST_HEAD(&page
->lru
);
1449 if (kref_put(&zhdr
->refcount
, release_z3fold_page_locked
)) {
1450 atomic64_dec(&pool
->pages_nr
);
1453 spin_lock(&pool
->lock
);
1454 list_add(&page
->lru
, &pool
->lru
);
1455 spin_unlock(&pool
->lock
);
1456 z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr
);
1459 static const struct address_space_operations z3fold_aops
= {
1460 .isolate_page
= z3fold_page_isolate
,
1461 .migratepage
= z3fold_page_migrate
,
1462 .putback_page
= z3fold_page_putback
,
1469 static int z3fold_zpool_evict(struct z3fold_pool
*pool
, unsigned long handle
)
1471 if (pool
->zpool
&& pool
->zpool_ops
&& pool
->zpool_ops
->evict
)
1472 return pool
->zpool_ops
->evict(pool
->zpool
, handle
);
1477 static const struct z3fold_ops z3fold_zpool_ops
= {
1478 .evict
= z3fold_zpool_evict
1481 static void *z3fold_zpool_create(const char *name
, gfp_t gfp
,
1482 const struct zpool_ops
*zpool_ops
,
1483 struct zpool
*zpool
)
1485 struct z3fold_pool
*pool
;
1487 pool
= z3fold_create_pool(name
, gfp
,
1488 zpool_ops
? &z3fold_zpool_ops
: NULL
);
1490 pool
->zpool
= zpool
;
1491 pool
->zpool_ops
= zpool_ops
;
1496 static void z3fold_zpool_destroy(void *pool
)
1498 z3fold_destroy_pool(pool
);
1501 static int z3fold_zpool_malloc(void *pool
, size_t size
, gfp_t gfp
,
1502 unsigned long *handle
)
1504 return z3fold_alloc(pool
, size
, gfp
, handle
);
1506 static void z3fold_zpool_free(void *pool
, unsigned long handle
)
1508 z3fold_free(pool
, handle
);
1511 static int z3fold_zpool_shrink(void *pool
, unsigned int pages
,
1512 unsigned int *reclaimed
)
1514 unsigned int total
= 0;
1517 while (total
< pages
) {
1518 ret
= z3fold_reclaim_page(pool
, 8);
1530 static void *z3fold_zpool_map(void *pool
, unsigned long handle
,
1531 enum zpool_mapmode mm
)
1533 return z3fold_map(pool
, handle
);
1535 static void z3fold_zpool_unmap(void *pool
, unsigned long handle
)
1537 z3fold_unmap(pool
, handle
);
1540 static u64
z3fold_zpool_total_size(void *pool
)
1542 return z3fold_get_pool_size(pool
) * PAGE_SIZE
;
1545 static struct zpool_driver z3fold_zpool_driver
= {
1547 .owner
= THIS_MODULE
,
1548 .create
= z3fold_zpool_create
,
1549 .destroy
= z3fold_zpool_destroy
,
1550 .malloc
= z3fold_zpool_malloc
,
1551 .free
= z3fold_zpool_free
,
1552 .shrink
= z3fold_zpool_shrink
,
1553 .map
= z3fold_zpool_map
,
1554 .unmap
= z3fold_zpool_unmap
,
1555 .total_size
= z3fold_zpool_total_size
,
1558 MODULE_ALIAS("zpool-z3fold");
1560 static int __init
init_z3fold(void)
1564 /* Make sure the z3fold header is not larger than the page size */
1565 BUILD_BUG_ON(ZHDR_SIZE_ALIGNED
> PAGE_SIZE
);
1566 ret
= z3fold_mount();
1570 zpool_register_driver(&z3fold_zpool_driver
);
1575 static void __exit
exit_z3fold(void)
1578 zpool_unregister_driver(&z3fold_zpool_driver
);
1581 module_init(init_z3fold
);
1582 module_exit(exit_z3fold
);
1584 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
1585 MODULE_AUTHOR("Vitaly Wool <vitalywool@gmail.com>");
1586 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("3-Fold Allocator for Compressed Pages");