1 What: /sys/block/<disk>/stat
3 Contact: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
5 The /sys/block/<disk>/stat files displays the I/O
6 statistics of disk <disk>. They contain 11 fields:
7 1 - reads completed successfully
10 4 - time spent reading (ms)
14 8 - time spent writing (ms)
15 9 - I/Os currently in progress
16 10 - time spent doing I/Os (ms)
17 11 - weighted time spent doing I/Os (ms)
18 For more details refer Documentation/iostats.txt
21 What: /sys/block/<disk>/<part>/stat
23 Contact: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
25 The /sys/block/<disk>/<part>/stat files display the
26 I/O statistics of partition <part>. The format is the
27 same as the above-written /sys/block/<disk>/stat
31 What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/format
33 Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
35 Metadata format for integrity capable block device.
36 E.g. T10-DIF-TYPE1-CRC.
39 What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/read_verify
41 Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
43 Indicates whether the block layer should verify the
44 integrity of read requests serviced by devices that
45 support sending integrity metadata.
48 What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/tag_size
50 Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
52 Number of bytes of integrity tag space available per
56 What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/device_is_integrity_capable
58 Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
60 Indicates whether a storage device is capable of storing
61 integrity metadata. Set if the device is T10 PI-capable.
63 What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/protection_interval_bytes
65 Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
67 Describes the number of data bytes which are protected
68 by one integrity tuple. Typically the device's logical
71 What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/write_generate
73 Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
75 Indicates whether the block layer should automatically
76 generate checksums for write requests bound for
77 devices that support receiving integrity metadata.
79 What: /sys/block/<disk>/alignment_offset
81 Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
83 Storage devices may report a physical block size that is
84 bigger than the logical block size (for instance a drive
85 with 4KB physical sectors exposing 512-byte logical
86 blocks to the operating system). This parameter
87 indicates how many bytes the beginning of the device is
88 offset from the disk's natural alignment.
90 What: /sys/block/<disk>/<partition>/alignment_offset
92 Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
94 Storage devices may report a physical block size that is
95 bigger than the logical block size (for instance a drive
96 with 4KB physical sectors exposing 512-byte logical
97 blocks to the operating system). This parameter
98 indicates how many bytes the beginning of the partition
99 is offset from the disk's natural alignment.
101 What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/logical_block_size
103 Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
105 This is the smallest unit the storage device can
106 address. It is typically 512 bytes.
108 What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/physical_block_size
110 Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
112 This is the smallest unit a physical storage device can
113 write atomically. It is usually the same as the logical
114 block size but may be bigger. One example is SATA
115 drives with 4KB sectors that expose a 512-byte logical
116 block size to the operating system. For stacked block
117 devices the physical_block_size variable contains the
118 maximum physical_block_size of the component devices.
120 What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/minimum_io_size
122 Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
124 Storage devices may report a granularity or preferred
125 minimum I/O size which is the smallest request the
126 device can perform without incurring a performance
127 penalty. For disk drives this is often the physical
128 block size. For RAID arrays it is often the stripe
129 chunk size. A properly aligned multiple of
130 minimum_io_size is the preferred request size for
131 workloads where a high number of I/O operations is
134 What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/optimal_io_size
136 Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
138 Storage devices may report an optimal I/O size, which is
139 the device's preferred unit for sustained I/O. This is
140 rarely reported for disk drives. For RAID arrays it is
141 usually the stripe width or the internal track size. A
142 properly aligned multiple of optimal_io_size is the
143 preferred request size for workloads where sustained
144 throughput is desired. If no optimal I/O size is
145 reported this file contains 0.
147 What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/nomerges
151 Standard I/O elevator operations include attempts to
152 merge contiguous I/Os. For known random I/O loads these
153 attempts will always fail and result in extra cycles
154 being spent in the kernel. This allows one to turn off
155 this behavior on one of two ways: When set to 1, complex
156 merge checks are disabled, but the simple one-shot merges
157 with the previous I/O request are enabled. When set to 2,
158 all merge tries are disabled. The default value is 0 -
159 which enables all types of merge tries.
161 What: /sys/block/<disk>/discard_alignment
163 Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
165 Devices that support discard functionality may
166 internally allocate space in units that are bigger than
167 the exported logical block size. The discard_alignment
168 parameter indicates how many bytes the beginning of the
169 device is offset from the internal allocation unit's
172 What: /sys/block/<disk>/<partition>/discard_alignment
174 Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
176 Devices that support discard functionality may
177 internally allocate space in units that are bigger than
178 the exported logical block size. The discard_alignment
179 parameter indicates how many bytes the beginning of the
180 partition is offset from the internal allocation unit's
183 What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/discard_granularity
185 Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
187 Devices that support discard functionality may
188 internally allocate space using units that are bigger
189 than the logical block size. The discard_granularity
190 parameter indicates the size of the internal allocation
191 unit in bytes if reported by the device. Otherwise the
192 discard_granularity will be set to match the device's
193 physical block size. A discard_granularity of 0 means
194 that the device does not support discard functionality.
196 What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/discard_max_bytes
198 Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
200 Devices that support discard functionality may have
201 internal limits on the number of bytes that can be
202 trimmed or unmapped in a single operation. Some storage
203 protocols also have inherent limits on the number of
204 blocks that can be described in a single command. The
205 discard_max_bytes parameter is set by the device driver
206 to the maximum number of bytes that can be discarded in
207 a single operation. Discard requests issued to the
208 device must not exceed this limit. A discard_max_bytes
209 value of 0 means that the device does not support
210 discard functionality.
212 What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/discard_zeroes_data
214 Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
216 Devices that support discard functionality may return
217 stale or random data when a previously discarded block
218 is read back. This can cause problems if the filesystem
219 expects discarded blocks to be explicitly cleared. If a
220 device reports that it deterministically returns zeroes
221 when a discarded area is read the discard_zeroes_data
222 parameter will be set to one. Otherwise it will be 0 and
223 the result of reading a discarded area is undefined.
225 What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/write_same_max_bytes
227 Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
229 Some devices support a write same operation in which a
230 single data block can be written to a range of several
231 contiguous blocks on storage. This can be used to wipe
232 areas on disk or to initialize drives in a RAID
233 configuration. write_same_max_bytes indicates how many
234 bytes can be written in a single write same command. If
235 write_same_max_bytes is 0, write same is not supported
238 What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/write_zeroes_max_bytes
240 Contact: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com>
242 Devices that support write zeroes operation in which a
243 single request can be issued to zero out the range of
244 contiguous blocks on storage without having any payload
245 in the request. This can be used to optimize writing zeroes
246 to the devices. write_zeroes_max_bytes indicates how many
247 bytes can be written in a single write zeroes command. If
248 write_zeroes_max_bytes is 0, write zeroes is not supported
251 What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/zoned
253 Contact: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@hgst.com>
255 zoned indicates if the device is a zoned block device
256 and the zone model of the device if it is indeed zoned.
257 The possible values indicated by zoned are "none" for
258 regular block devices and "host-aware" or "host-managed"
259 for zoned block devices. The characteristics of
260 host-aware and host-managed zoned block devices are
261 described in the ZBC (Zoned Block Commands) and ZAC
262 (Zoned Device ATA Command Set) standards. These standards
263 also define the "drive-managed" zone model. However,
264 since drive-managed zoned block devices do not support
265 zone commands, they will be treated as regular block
266 devices and zoned will report "none".
268 What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/chunk_sectors
270 Contact: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com>
272 chunk_sectors has different meaning depending on the type
273 of the disk. For a RAID device (dm-raid), chunk_sectors
274 indicates the size in 512B sectors of the RAID volume
275 stripe segment. For a zoned block device, either
276 host-aware or host-managed, chunk_sectors indicates the
277 size of 512B sectors of the zones of the device, with
278 the eventual exception of the last zone of the device
279 which may be smaller.