1 AMD64 specific boot options
3 There are many others (usually documented in driver documentation), but
4 only the AMD64 specific ones are listed here.
8 Please see Documentation/x86/x86_64/machinecheck for sysfs runtime tunables.
13 Disable CMCI(Corrected Machine Check Interrupt) that
14 Intel processor supports. Usually this disablement is
15 not recommended, but it might be handy if your hardware
17 Note that you'll get more problems without CMCI than with
18 due to the shared banks, i.e. you might get duplicated
21 Don't make logs for corrected errors. All events reported
22 as corrected are silently cleared by OS.
23 This option will be useful if you have no interest in any
26 Disable features for corrected errors, e.g. polling timer
27 and CMCI. All events reported as corrected are not cleared
28 by OS and remained in its error banks.
29 Usually this disablement is not recommended, however if
30 there is an agent checking/clearing corrected errors
31 (e.g. BIOS or hardware monitoring applications), conflicting
32 with OS's error handling, and you cannot deactivate the agent,
33 then this option will be a help.
35 Do not opt-in to Local MCE delivery. Use legacy method
38 Enable logging of machine checks left over from booting.
39 Disabled by default on AMD because some BIOS leave bogus ones.
40 If your BIOS doesn't do that it's a good idea to enable though
41 to make sure you log even machine check events that result
42 in a reboot. On Intel systems it is enabled by default.
44 Disable boot machine check logging.
45 mce=tolerancelevel[,monarchtimeout] (number,number)
47 0: always panic on uncorrected errors, log corrected errors
48 1: panic or SIGBUS on uncorrected errors, log corrected errors
49 2: SIGBUS or log uncorrected errors, log corrected errors
50 3: never panic or SIGBUS, log all errors (for testing only)
52 Can be also set using sysfs which is preferable.
54 Sets the time in us to wait for other CPUs on machine checks. 0
56 mce=bios_cmci_threshold
57 Don't overwrite the bios-set CMCI threshold. This boot option
58 prevents Linux from overwriting the CMCI threshold set by the
59 bios. Without this option, Linux always sets the CMCI
60 threshold to 1. Enabling this may make memory predictive failure
61 analysis less effective if the bios sets thresholds for memory
62 errors since we will not see details for all errors.
64 Force-enable recoverable machine check code paths
66 nomce (for compatibility with i386): same as mce=off
68 Everything else is in sysfs now.
72 apic Use IO-APIC. Default
74 noapic Don't use the IO-APIC.
76 disableapic Don't use the local APIC
78 nolapic Don't use the local APIC (alias for i386 compatibility)
80 pirq=... See Documentation/x86/i386/IO-APIC.txt
82 noapictimer Don't set up the APIC timer
84 no_timer_check Don't check the IO-APIC timer. This can work around
85 problems with incorrect timer initialization on some boards.
87 Do APIC timer calibration using the pmtimer. Implies
88 apicmaintimer. Useful when your PIT timer is totally
94 Don't use the CPU time stamp counter to read the wall time.
95 This can be used to work around timing problems on multiprocessor systems
96 with not properly synchronized CPUs.
99 Don't use the HPET timer.
104 Don't do power saving in the idle loop using HLT, but poll for rescheduling
105 event. This will make the CPUs eat a lot more power, but may be useful
106 to get slightly better performance in multiprocessor benchmarks. It also
107 makes some profiling using performance counters more accurate.
108 Please note that on systems with MONITOR/MWAIT support (like Intel EM64T
109 CPUs) this option has no performance advantage over the normal idle loop.
110 It may also interact badly with hyperthreading.
114 reboot=b[ios] | t[riple] | k[bd] | a[cpi] | e[fi] [, [w]arm | [c]old]
115 bios Use the CPU reboot vector for warm reset
116 warm Don't set the cold reboot flag
117 cold Set the cold reboot flag
118 triple Force a triple fault (init)
119 kbd Use the keyboard controller. cold reset (default)
120 acpi Use the ACPI RESET_REG in the FADT. If ACPI is not configured or the
121 ACPI reset does not work, the reboot path attempts the reset using
122 the keyboard controller.
123 efi Use efi reset_system runtime service. If EFI is not configured or the
124 EFI reset does not work, the reboot path attempts the reset using
125 the keyboard controller.
127 Using warm reset will be much faster especially on big memory
128 systems because the BIOS will not go through the memory check.
129 Disadvantage is that not all hardware will be completely reinitialized
130 on reboot so there may be boot problems on some systems.
134 Don't stop other CPUs on reboot. This can make reboot more reliable
137 Non Executable Mappings
146 numa=off Only set up a single NUMA node spanning all memory.
148 numa=noacpi Don't parse the SRAT table for NUMA setup
151 If given as a memory unit, fills all system RAM with nodes of
152 size interleaved over physical nodes.
155 If given as an integer, fills all system RAM with N fake nodes
156 interleaved over physical nodes.
160 acpi=off Don't enable ACPI
161 acpi=ht Use ACPI boot table parsing, but don't enable ACPI
163 acpi=force Force ACPI on (currently not needed)
165 acpi=strict Disable out of spec ACPI workarounds.
167 acpi_sci={edge,level,high,low} Set up ACPI SCI interrupt.
169 acpi=noirq Don't route interrupts
171 acpi=nocmcff Disable firmware first mode for corrected errors. This
172 disables parsing the HEST CMC error source to check if
173 firmware has set the FF flag. This may result in
174 duplicate corrected error reports.
178 pci=off Don't use PCI
179 pci=conf1 Use conf1 access.
180 pci=conf2 Use conf2 access.
182 pci=assign-busses Assign busses
183 pci=irqmask=MASK Set PCI interrupt mask to MASK
184 pci=lastbus=NUMBER Scan up to NUMBER busses, no matter what the mptable says.
185 pci=noacpi Don't use ACPI to set up PCI interrupt routing.
187 IOMMU (input/output memory management unit)
189 Currently four x86-64 PCI-DMA mapping implementations exist:
191 1. <arch/x86_64/kernel/pci-nommu.c>: use no hardware/software IOMMU at all
192 (e.g. because you have < 3 GB memory).
193 Kernel boot message: "PCI-DMA: Disabling IOMMU"
195 2. <arch/x86/kernel/amd_gart_64.c>: AMD GART based hardware IOMMU.
196 Kernel boot message: "PCI-DMA: using GART IOMMU"
198 3. <arch/x86_64/kernel/pci-swiotlb.c> : Software IOMMU implementation. Used
199 e.g. if there is no hardware IOMMU in the system and it is need because
200 you have >3GB memory or told the kernel to us it (iommu=soft))
201 Kernel boot message: "PCI-DMA: Using software bounce buffering
204 4. <arch/x86_64/pci-calgary.c> : IBM Calgary hardware IOMMU. Used in IBM
205 pSeries and xSeries servers. This hardware IOMMU supports DMA address
206 mapping with memory protection, etc.
207 Kernel boot message: "PCI-DMA: Using Calgary IOMMU"
209 iommu=[<size>][,noagp][,off][,force][,noforce][,leak[=<nr_of_leak_pages>]
210 [,memaper[=<order>]][,merge][,forcesac][,fullflush][,nomerge]
211 [,noaperture][,calgary]
213 General iommu options:
214 off Don't initialize and use any kind of IOMMU.
215 noforce Don't force hardware IOMMU usage when it is not needed.
217 force Force the use of the hardware IOMMU even when it is
218 not actually needed (e.g. because < 3 GB memory).
219 soft Use software bounce buffering (SWIOTLB) (default for
220 Intel machines). This can be used to prevent the usage
221 of an available hardware IOMMU.
223 iommu options only relevant to the AMD GART hardware IOMMU:
224 <size> Set the size of the remapping area in bytes.
225 allowed Overwrite iommu off workarounds for specific chipsets.
226 fullflush Flush IOMMU on each allocation (default).
227 nofullflush Don't use IOMMU fullflush.
228 leak Turn on simple iommu leak tracing (only when
229 CONFIG_IOMMU_LEAK is on). Default number of leak pages
231 memaper[=<order>] Allocate an own aperture over RAM with size 32MB<<order.
232 (default: order=1, i.e. 64MB)
233 merge Do scatter-gather (SG) merging. Implies "force"
235 nomerge Don't do scatter-gather (SG) merging.
236 noaperture Ask the IOMMU not to touch the aperture for AGP.
237 forcesac Force single-address cycle (SAC) mode for masks <40bits
239 noagp Don't initialize the AGP driver and use full aperture.
240 allowdac Allow double-address cycle (DAC) mode, i.e. DMA >4GB.
241 DAC is used with 32-bit PCI to push a 64-bit address in
242 two cycles. When off all DMA over >4GB is forced through
243 an IOMMU or software bounce buffering.
244 nodac Forbid DAC mode, i.e. DMA >4GB.
245 panic Always panic when IOMMU overflows.
246 calgary Use the Calgary IOMMU if it is available
248 iommu options only relevant to the software bounce buffering (SWIOTLB) IOMMU
250 swiotlb=<pages>[,force]
251 <pages> Prereserve that many 128K pages for the software IO
253 force Force all IO through the software TLB.
255 Settings for the IBM Calgary hardware IOMMU currently found in IBM
256 pSeries and xSeries machines:
258 calgary=[64k,128k,256k,512k,1M,2M,4M,8M]
259 calgary=[translate_empty_slots]
260 calgary=[disable=<PCI bus number>]
261 panic Always panic when IOMMU overflows
263 64k,...,8M - Set the size of each PCI slot's translation table
264 when using the Calgary IOMMU. This is the size of the translation
265 table itself in main memory. The smallest table, 64k, covers an IO
266 space of 32MB; the largest, 8MB table, can cover an IO space of
267 4GB. Normally the kernel will make the right choice by itself.
269 translate_empty_slots - Enable translation even on slots that have
270 no devices attached to them, in case a device will be hotplugged
273 disable=<PCI bus number> - Disable translation on a given PHB. For
274 example, the built-in graphics adapter resides on the first bridge
275 (PCI bus number 0); if translation (isolation) is enabled on this
276 bridge, X servers that access the hardware directly from user
277 space might stop working. Use this option if you have devices that
278 are accessed from userspace directly on some PCI host bridge.
283 Do not use GB pages for kernel direct mappings.
285 Use GB pages for kernel direct mappings.