2 * linux/arch/arm/mm/init.c
4 * Copyright (C) 1995-2005 Russell King
6 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
7 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as
8 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
10 #include <linux/kernel.h>
11 #include <linux/errno.h>
12 #include <linux/swap.h>
13 #include <linux/init.h>
14 #include <linux/bootmem.h>
15 #include <linux/mman.h>
16 #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
17 #include <linux/sched/task.h>
18 #include <linux/export.h>
19 #include <linux/nodemask.h>
20 #include <linux/initrd.h>
21 #include <linux/of_fdt.h>
22 #include <linux/highmem.h>
23 #include <linux/gfp.h>
24 #include <linux/memblock.h>
25 #include <linux/dma-contiguous.h>
26 #include <linux/sizes.h>
27 #include <linux/stop_machine.h>
30 #include <asm/mach-types.h>
31 #include <asm/memblock.h>
32 #include <asm/memory.h>
34 #include <asm/sections.h>
35 #include <asm/setup.h>
36 #include <asm/system_info.h>
38 #include <asm/fixmap.h>
40 #include <asm/mach/arch.h>
41 #include <asm/mach/map.h>
45 #ifdef CONFIG_CPU_CP15_MMU
46 unsigned long __init
__clear_cr(unsigned long mask
)
48 cr_alignment
= cr_alignment
& ~mask
;
53 static phys_addr_t phys_initrd_start __initdata
= 0;
54 static unsigned long phys_initrd_size __initdata
= 0;
56 static int __init
early_initrd(char *p
)
62 start
= memparse(p
, &endp
);
64 size
= memparse(endp
+ 1, NULL
);
66 phys_initrd_start
= start
;
67 phys_initrd_size
= size
;
71 early_param("initrd", early_initrd
);
73 static int __init
parse_tag_initrd(const struct tag
*tag
)
75 pr_warn("ATAG_INITRD is deprecated; "
76 "please update your bootloader.\n");
77 phys_initrd_start
= __virt_to_phys(tag
->u
.initrd
.start
);
78 phys_initrd_size
= tag
->u
.initrd
.size
;
82 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD
, parse_tag_initrd
);
84 static int __init
parse_tag_initrd2(const struct tag
*tag
)
86 phys_initrd_start
= tag
->u
.initrd
.start
;
87 phys_initrd_size
= tag
->u
.initrd
.size
;
91 __tagtable(ATAG_INITRD2
, parse_tag_initrd2
);
93 static void __init
find_limits(unsigned long *min
, unsigned long *max_low
,
94 unsigned long *max_high
)
96 *max_low
= PFN_DOWN(memblock_get_current_limit());
97 *min
= PFN_UP(memblock_start_of_DRAM());
98 *max_high
= PFN_DOWN(memblock_end_of_DRAM());
101 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
103 phys_addr_t arm_dma_zone_size __read_mostly
;
104 EXPORT_SYMBOL(arm_dma_zone_size
);
107 * The DMA mask corresponding to the maximum bus address allocatable
108 * using GFP_DMA. The default here places no restriction on DMA
109 * allocations. This must be the smallest DMA mask in the system,
110 * so a successful GFP_DMA allocation will always satisfy this.
112 phys_addr_t arm_dma_limit
;
113 unsigned long arm_dma_pfn_limit
;
115 static void __init
arm_adjust_dma_zone(unsigned long *size
, unsigned long *hole
,
116 unsigned long dma_size
)
118 if (size
[0] <= dma_size
)
121 size
[ZONE_NORMAL
] = size
[0] - dma_size
;
122 size
[ZONE_DMA
] = dma_size
;
123 hole
[ZONE_NORMAL
] = hole
[0];
128 void __init
setup_dma_zone(const struct machine_desc
*mdesc
)
130 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
131 if (mdesc
->dma_zone_size
) {
132 arm_dma_zone_size
= mdesc
->dma_zone_size
;
133 arm_dma_limit
= PHYS_OFFSET
+ arm_dma_zone_size
- 1;
135 arm_dma_limit
= 0xffffffff;
136 arm_dma_pfn_limit
= arm_dma_limit
>> PAGE_SHIFT
;
140 static void __init
zone_sizes_init(unsigned long min
, unsigned long max_low
,
141 unsigned long max_high
)
143 unsigned long zone_size
[MAX_NR_ZONES
], zhole_size
[MAX_NR_ZONES
];
144 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
147 * initialise the zones.
149 memset(zone_size
, 0, sizeof(zone_size
));
152 * The memory size has already been determined. If we need
153 * to do anything fancy with the allocation of this memory
154 * to the zones, now is the time to do it.
156 zone_size
[0] = max_low
- min
;
157 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
158 zone_size
[ZONE_HIGHMEM
] = max_high
- max_low
;
162 * Calculate the size of the holes.
163 * holes = node_size - sum(bank_sizes)
165 memcpy(zhole_size
, zone_size
, sizeof(zhole_size
));
166 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
) {
167 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
);
168 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
);
170 if (start
< max_low
) {
171 unsigned long low_end
= min(end
, max_low
);
172 zhole_size
[0] -= low_end
- start
;
174 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
176 unsigned long high_start
= max(start
, max_low
);
177 zhole_size
[ZONE_HIGHMEM
] -= end
- high_start
;
182 #ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA
184 * Adjust the sizes according to any special requirements for
187 if (arm_dma_zone_size
)
188 arm_adjust_dma_zone(zone_size
, zhole_size
,
189 arm_dma_zone_size
>> PAGE_SHIFT
);
192 free_area_init_node(0, zone_size
, min
, zhole_size
);
195 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_PFN_VALID
196 int pfn_valid(unsigned long pfn
)
198 return memblock_is_map_memory(__pfn_to_phys(pfn
));
200 EXPORT_SYMBOL(pfn_valid
);
203 #ifndef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
204 static void __init
arm_memory_present(void)
208 static void __init
arm_memory_present(void)
210 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
212 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
)
213 memory_present(0, memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
),
214 memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
));
218 static bool arm_memblock_steal_permitted
= true;
220 phys_addr_t __init
arm_memblock_steal(phys_addr_t size
, phys_addr_t align
)
224 BUG_ON(!arm_memblock_steal_permitted
);
226 phys
= memblock_alloc_base(size
, align
, MEMBLOCK_ALLOC_ANYWHERE
);
227 memblock_free(phys
, size
);
228 memblock_remove(phys
, size
);
233 static void __init
arm_initrd_init(void)
235 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
239 /* FDT scan will populate initrd_start */
240 if (initrd_start
&& !phys_initrd_size
) {
241 phys_initrd_start
= __virt_to_phys(initrd_start
);
242 phys_initrd_size
= initrd_end
- initrd_start
;
245 initrd_start
= initrd_end
= 0;
247 if (!phys_initrd_size
)
251 * Round the memory region to page boundaries as per free_initrd_mem()
252 * This allows us to detect whether the pages overlapping the initrd
253 * are in use, but more importantly, reserves the entire set of pages
254 * as we don't want these pages allocated for other purposes.
256 start
= round_down(phys_initrd_start
, PAGE_SIZE
);
257 size
= phys_initrd_size
+ (phys_initrd_start
- start
);
258 size
= round_up(size
, PAGE_SIZE
);
260 if (!memblock_is_region_memory(start
, size
)) {
261 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08llx+0x%08lx is not a memory region - disabling initrd\n",
266 if (memblock_is_region_reserved(start
, size
)) {
267 pr_err("INITRD: 0x%08llx+0x%08lx overlaps in-use memory region - disabling initrd\n",
272 memblock_reserve(start
, size
);
274 /* Now convert initrd to virtual addresses */
275 initrd_start
= __phys_to_virt(phys_initrd_start
);
276 initrd_end
= initrd_start
+ phys_initrd_size
;
280 void __init
arm_memblock_init(const struct machine_desc
*mdesc
)
282 /* Register the kernel text, kernel data and initrd with memblock. */
283 memblock_reserve(__pa(KERNEL_START
), KERNEL_END
- KERNEL_START
);
287 arm_mm_memblock_reserve();
289 /* reserve any platform specific memblock areas */
293 early_init_fdt_reserve_self();
294 early_init_fdt_scan_reserved_mem();
296 /* reserve memory for DMA contiguous allocations */
297 dma_contiguous_reserve(arm_dma_limit
);
299 arm_memblock_steal_permitted
= false;
303 void __init
bootmem_init(void)
305 unsigned long min
, max_low
, max_high
;
307 memblock_allow_resize();
308 max_low
= max_high
= 0;
310 find_limits(&min
, &max_low
, &max_high
);
312 early_memtest((phys_addr_t
)min
<< PAGE_SHIFT
,
313 (phys_addr_t
)max_low
<< PAGE_SHIFT
);
316 * Sparsemem tries to allocate bootmem in memory_present(),
317 * so must be done after the fixed reservations
319 arm_memory_present();
322 * sparse_init() needs the bootmem allocator up and running.
327 * Now free the memory - free_area_init_node needs
328 * the sparse mem_map arrays initialized by sparse_init()
329 * for memmap_init_zone(), otherwise all PFNs are invalid.
331 zone_sizes_init(min
, max_low
, max_high
);
334 * This doesn't seem to be used by the Linux memory manager any
335 * more, but is used by ll_rw_block. If we can get rid of it, we
336 * also get rid of some of the stuff above as well.
339 max_low_pfn
= max_low
;
344 * Poison init memory with an undefined instruction (ARM) or a branch to an
345 * undefined instruction (Thumb).
347 static inline void poison_init_mem(void *s
, size_t count
)
350 for (; count
!= 0; count
-= 4)
355 free_memmap(unsigned long start_pfn
, unsigned long end_pfn
)
357 struct page
*start_pg
, *end_pg
;
358 phys_addr_t pg
, pgend
;
361 * Convert start_pfn/end_pfn to a struct page pointer.
363 start_pg
= pfn_to_page(start_pfn
- 1) + 1;
364 end_pg
= pfn_to_page(end_pfn
- 1) + 1;
367 * Convert to physical addresses, and
368 * round start upwards and end downwards.
370 pg
= PAGE_ALIGN(__pa(start_pg
));
371 pgend
= __pa(end_pg
) & PAGE_MASK
;
374 * If there are free pages between these,
375 * free the section of the memmap array.
378 memblock_free_early(pg
, pgend
- pg
);
382 * The mem_map array can get very big. Free the unused area of the memory map.
384 static void __init
free_unused_memmap(void)
386 unsigned long start
, prev_end
= 0;
387 struct memblock_region
*reg
;
390 * This relies on each bank being in address order.
391 * The banks are sorted previously in bootmem_init().
393 for_each_memblock(memory
, reg
) {
394 start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(reg
);
396 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
398 * Take care not to free memmap entries that don't exist
399 * due to SPARSEMEM sections which aren't present.
402 ALIGN(prev_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
));
405 * Align down here since the VM subsystem insists that the
406 * memmap entries are valid from the bank start aligned to
407 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
409 start
= round_down(start
, MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES
);
412 * If we had a previous bank, and there is a space
413 * between the current bank and the previous, free it.
415 if (prev_end
&& prev_end
< start
)
416 free_memmap(prev_end
, start
);
419 * Align up here since the VM subsystem insists that the
420 * memmap entries are valid from the bank end aligned to
421 * MAX_ORDER_NR_PAGES.
423 prev_end
= ALIGN(memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(reg
),
427 #ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM
428 if (!IS_ALIGNED(prev_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
))
429 free_memmap(prev_end
,
430 ALIGN(prev_end
, PAGES_PER_SECTION
));
434 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
435 static inline void free_area_high(unsigned long pfn
, unsigned long end
)
437 for (; pfn
< end
; pfn
++)
438 free_highmem_page(pfn_to_page(pfn
));
442 static void __init
free_highpages(void)
444 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
445 unsigned long max_low
= max_low_pfn
;
446 struct memblock_region
*mem
, *res
;
448 /* set highmem page free */
449 for_each_memblock(memory
, mem
) {
450 unsigned long start
= memblock_region_memory_base_pfn(mem
);
451 unsigned long end
= memblock_region_memory_end_pfn(mem
);
453 /* Ignore complete lowmem entries */
457 if (memblock_is_nomap(mem
))
460 /* Truncate partial highmem entries */
464 /* Find and exclude any reserved regions */
465 for_each_memblock(reserved
, res
) {
466 unsigned long res_start
, res_end
;
468 res_start
= memblock_region_reserved_base_pfn(res
);
469 res_end
= memblock_region_reserved_end_pfn(res
);
473 if (res_start
< start
)
479 if (res_start
!= start
)
480 free_area_high(start
, res_start
);
486 /* And now free anything which remains */
488 free_area_high(start
, end
);
494 * mem_init() marks the free areas in the mem_map and tells us how much
495 * memory is free. This is done after various parts of the system have
496 * claimed their memory after the kernel image.
498 void __init
mem_init(void)
500 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
501 /* These pointers are filled in on TCM detection */
506 set_max_mapnr(pfn_to_page(max_pfn
) - mem_map
);
508 /* this will put all unused low memory onto the freelists */
509 free_unused_memmap();
513 /* now that our DMA memory is actually so designated, we can free it */
514 free_reserved_area(__va(PHYS_OFFSET
), swapper_pg_dir
, -1, NULL
);
519 mem_init_print_info(NULL
);
521 #define MLK(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 10
522 #define MLM(b, t) b, t, ((t) - (b)) >> 20
523 #define MLK_ROUNDUP(b, t) b, t, DIV_ROUND_UP(((t) - (b)), SZ_1K)
525 pr_notice("Virtual kernel memory layout:\n"
526 " vector : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
527 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
528 " DTCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
529 " ITCM : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
531 " fixmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld kB)\n"
532 " vmalloc : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
533 " lowmem : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
534 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
535 " pkmap : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
537 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
538 " modules : 0x%08lx - 0x%08lx (%4ld MB)\n"
540 " .text : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4td kB)\n"
541 " .init : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4td kB)\n"
542 " .data : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4td kB)\n"
543 " .bss : 0x%p" " - 0x%p" " (%4td kB)\n",
545 MLK(VECTORS_BASE
, VECTORS_BASE
+ PAGE_SIZE
),
546 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
547 MLK(DTCM_OFFSET
, (unsigned long) dtcm_end
),
548 MLK(ITCM_OFFSET
, (unsigned long) itcm_end
),
550 MLK(FIXADDR_START
, FIXADDR_END
),
551 MLM(VMALLOC_START
, VMALLOC_END
),
552 MLM(PAGE_OFFSET
, (unsigned long)high_memory
),
553 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
554 MLM(PKMAP_BASE
, (PKMAP_BASE
) + (LAST_PKMAP
) *
557 #ifdef CONFIG_MODULES
558 MLM(MODULES_VADDR
, MODULES_END
),
561 MLK_ROUNDUP(_text
, _etext
),
562 MLK_ROUNDUP(__init_begin
, __init_end
),
563 MLK_ROUNDUP(_sdata
, _edata
),
564 MLK_ROUNDUP(__bss_start
, __bss_stop
));
571 * Check boundaries twice: Some fundamental inconsistencies can
572 * be detected at build time already.
575 BUILD_BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE
> MODULES_VADDR
);
576 BUG_ON(TASK_SIZE
> MODULES_VADDR
);
579 #ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
580 BUILD_BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE
+ LAST_PKMAP
* PAGE_SIZE
> PAGE_OFFSET
);
581 BUG_ON(PKMAP_BASE
+ LAST_PKMAP
* PAGE_SIZE
> PAGE_OFFSET
);
584 if (PAGE_SIZE
>= 16384 && get_num_physpages() <= 128) {
585 extern int sysctl_overcommit_memory
;
587 * On a machine this small we won't get
588 * anywhere without overcommit, so turn
591 sysctl_overcommit_memory
= OVERCOMMIT_ALWAYS
;
595 #ifdef CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX
596 struct section_perm
{
605 /* First section-aligned location at or after __start_rodata. */
606 extern char __start_rodata_section_aligned
[];
608 static struct section_perm nx_perms
[] = {
609 /* Make pages tables, etc before _stext RW (set NX). */
611 .name
= "pre-text NX",
612 .start
= PAGE_OFFSET
,
613 .end
= (unsigned long)_stext
,
614 .mask
= ~PMD_SECT_XN
,
617 /* Make init RW (set NX). */
620 .start
= (unsigned long)__init_begin
,
621 .end
= (unsigned long)_sdata
,
622 .mask
= ~PMD_SECT_XN
,
625 /* Make rodata NX (set RO in ro_perms below). */
628 .start
= (unsigned long)__start_rodata_section_aligned
,
629 .end
= (unsigned long)__init_begin
,
630 .mask
= ~PMD_SECT_XN
,
635 static struct section_perm ro_perms
[] = {
636 /* Make kernel code and rodata RX (set RO). */
638 .name
= "text/rodata RO",
639 .start
= (unsigned long)_stext
,
640 .end
= (unsigned long)__init_begin
,
641 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
642 .mask
= ~L_PMD_SECT_RDONLY
,
643 .prot
= L_PMD_SECT_RDONLY
,
645 .mask
= ~(PMD_SECT_APX
| PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE
),
646 .prot
= PMD_SECT_APX
| PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE
,
647 .clear
= PMD_SECT_AP_WRITE
,
653 * Updates section permissions only for the current mm (sections are
654 * copied into each mm). During startup, this is the init_mm. Is only
655 * safe to be called with preemption disabled, as under stop_machine().
657 static inline void section_update(unsigned long addr
, pmdval_t mask
,
658 pmdval_t prot
, struct mm_struct
*mm
)
662 pmd
= pmd_offset(pud_offset(pgd_offset(mm
, addr
), addr
), addr
);
664 #ifdef CONFIG_ARM_LPAE
665 pmd
[0] = __pmd((pmd_val(pmd
[0]) & mask
) | prot
);
667 if (addr
& SECTION_SIZE
)
668 pmd
[1] = __pmd((pmd_val(pmd
[1]) & mask
) | prot
);
670 pmd
[0] = __pmd((pmd_val(pmd
[0]) & mask
) | prot
);
672 flush_pmd_entry(pmd
);
673 local_flush_tlb_kernel_range(addr
, addr
+ SECTION_SIZE
);
676 /* Make sure extended page tables are in use. */
677 static inline bool arch_has_strict_perms(void)
679 if (cpu_architecture() < CPU_ARCH_ARMv6
)
682 return !!(get_cr() & CR_XP
);
685 void set_section_perms(struct section_perm
*perms
, int n
, bool set
,
686 struct mm_struct
*mm
)
691 if (!arch_has_strict_perms())
694 for (i
= 0; i
< n
; i
++) {
695 if (!IS_ALIGNED(perms
[i
].start
, SECTION_SIZE
) ||
696 !IS_ALIGNED(perms
[i
].end
, SECTION_SIZE
)) {
697 pr_err("BUG: %s section %lx-%lx not aligned to %lx\n",
698 perms
[i
].name
, perms
[i
].start
, perms
[i
].end
,
703 for (addr
= perms
[i
].start
;
705 addr
+= SECTION_SIZE
)
706 section_update(addr
, perms
[i
].mask
,
707 set
? perms
[i
].prot
: perms
[i
].clear
, mm
);
712 static void update_sections_early(struct section_perm perms
[], int n
)
714 struct task_struct
*t
, *s
;
716 read_lock(&tasklist_lock
);
717 for_each_process(t
) {
718 if (t
->flags
& PF_KTHREAD
)
720 for_each_thread(t
, s
)
721 set_section_perms(perms
, n
, true, s
->mm
);
723 read_unlock(&tasklist_lock
);
724 set_section_perms(perms
, n
, true, current
->active_mm
);
725 set_section_perms(perms
, n
, true, &init_mm
);
728 int __fix_kernmem_perms(void *unused
)
730 update_sections_early(nx_perms
, ARRAY_SIZE(nx_perms
));
734 void fix_kernmem_perms(void)
736 stop_machine(__fix_kernmem_perms
, NULL
, NULL
);
739 int __mark_rodata_ro(void *unused
)
741 update_sections_early(ro_perms
, ARRAY_SIZE(ro_perms
));
745 void mark_rodata_ro(void)
747 stop_machine(__mark_rodata_ro
, NULL
, NULL
);
750 void set_kernel_text_rw(void)
752 set_section_perms(ro_perms
, ARRAY_SIZE(ro_perms
), false,
756 void set_kernel_text_ro(void)
758 set_section_perms(ro_perms
, ARRAY_SIZE(ro_perms
), true,
763 static inline void fix_kernmem_perms(void) { }
764 #endif /* CONFIG_STRICT_KERNEL_RWX */
766 void free_tcmmem(void)
768 #ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_TCM
769 extern char __tcm_start
, __tcm_end
;
771 poison_init_mem(&__tcm_start
, &__tcm_end
- &__tcm_start
);
772 free_reserved_area(&__tcm_start
, &__tcm_end
, -1, "TCM link");
776 void free_initmem(void)
781 poison_init_mem(__init_begin
, __init_end
- __init_begin
);
782 if (!machine_is_integrator() && !machine_is_cintegrator())
783 free_initmem_default(-1);
786 #ifdef CONFIG_BLK_DEV_INITRD
788 static int keep_initrd
;
790 void free_initrd_mem(unsigned long start
, unsigned long end
)
793 if (start
== initrd_start
)
794 start
= round_down(start
, PAGE_SIZE
);
795 if (end
== initrd_end
)
796 end
= round_up(end
, PAGE_SIZE
);
798 poison_init_mem((void *)start
, PAGE_ALIGN(end
) - start
);
799 free_reserved_area((void *)start
, (void *)end
, -1, "initrd");
803 static int __init
keepinitrd_setup(char *__unused
)
809 __setup("keepinitrd", keepinitrd_setup
);