3 * Copyright (C) 1995-1996 Gary Thomas (gdt@linuxppc.org)
5 * Rewritten by Cort Dougan (cort@cs.nmt.edu) for PReP
6 * Copyright (C) 1996 Cort Dougan <cort@cs.nmt.edu>
7 * Adapted for Power Macintosh by Paul Mackerras.
8 * Low-level exception handlers and MMU support
9 * rewritten by Paul Mackerras.
10 * Copyright (C) 1996 Paul Mackerras.
12 * Adapted for 64bit PowerPC by Dave Engebretsen, Peter Bergner, and
13 * Mike Corrigan {engebret|bergner|mikejc}@us.ibm.com
15 * This file contains the entry point for the 64-bit kernel along
16 * with some early initialization code common to all 64-bit powerpc
19 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
20 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
21 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
22 * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
25 #include <linux/threads.h>
26 #include <linux/init.h>
30 #include <asm/ppc_asm.h>
31 #include <asm/asm-offsets.h>
33 #include <asm/cputable.h>
34 #include <asm/setup.h>
35 #include <asm/hvcall.h>
36 #include <asm/thread_info.h>
37 #include <asm/firmware.h>
38 #include <asm/page_64.h>
39 #include <asm/irqflags.h>
40 #include <asm/kvm_book3s_asm.h>
41 #include <asm/ptrace.h>
42 #include <asm/hw_irq.h>
44 /* The physical memory is laid out such that the secondary processor
45 * spin code sits at 0x0000...0x00ff. On server, the vectors follow
46 * using the layout described in exceptions-64s.S
50 * Entering into this code we make the following assumptions:
52 * For pSeries or server processors:
53 * 1. The MMU is off & open firmware is running in real mode.
54 * 2. The kernel is entered at __start
55 * -or- For OPAL entry:
56 * 1. The MMU is off, processor in HV mode, primary CPU enters at 0
57 * with device-tree in gpr3. We also get OPAL base in r8 and
58 * entry in r9 for debugging purposes
59 * 2. Secondary processors enter at 0x60 with PIR in gpr3
61 * For Book3E processors:
62 * 1. The MMU is on running in AS0 in a state defined in ePAPR
63 * 2. The kernel is entered at __start
70 /* NOP this out unconditionally */
73 b __start_initialization_multiplatform
76 /* Catch branch to 0 in real mode */
79 /* Secondary processors spin on this value until it becomes non-zero.
80 * When non-zero, it contains the real address of the function the cpu
84 .globl __secondary_hold_spinloop
85 __secondary_hold_spinloop:
88 /* Secondary processors write this value with their cpu # */
89 /* after they enter the spin loop immediately below. */
90 .globl __secondary_hold_acknowledge
91 __secondary_hold_acknowledge:
94 #ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
95 /* This flag is set to 1 by a loader if the kernel should run
96 * at the loaded address instead of the linked address. This
97 * is used by kexec-tools to keep the the kdump kernel in the
98 * crash_kernel region. The loader is responsible for
99 * observing the alignment requirement.
101 /* Do not move this variable as kexec-tools knows about it. */
105 .long 0x72756e30 /* "run0" -- relocate to 0 by default */
110 * The following code is used to hold secondary processors
111 * in a spin loop after they have entered the kernel, but
112 * before the bulk of the kernel has been relocated. This code
113 * is relocated to physical address 0x60 before prom_init is run.
114 * All of it must fit below the first exception vector at 0x100.
115 * Use .globl here not _GLOBAL because we want __secondary_hold
116 * to be the actual text address, not a descriptor.
118 .globl __secondary_hold
121 #ifndef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E
124 mtmsrd r24 /* RI on */
126 /* Grab our physical cpu number */
128 /* stash r4 for book3e */
131 /* Tell the master cpu we're here */
132 /* Relocation is off & we are located at an address less */
133 /* than 0x100, so only need to grab low order offset. */
134 std r24,__secondary_hold_acknowledge-_stext(0)
138 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E
141 /* All secondary cpus wait here until told to start. */
142 100: ld r12,__secondary_hold_spinloop-_stext(r26)
146 #if defined(CONFIG_SMP) || defined(CONFIG_KEXEC)
147 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E
153 * it may be the case that other platforms have r4 right to
154 * begin with, this gives us some safety in case it is not
156 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E
161 /* Make sure that patched code is visible */
168 /* This value is used to mark exception frames on the stack. */
171 .tc ID_72656773_68657265[TC],0x7265677368657265
175 * On server, we include the exception vectors code here as it
176 * relies on absolute addressing which is only possible within
177 * this compilation unit
179 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3S
180 #include "exceptions-64s.S"
183 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E
184 _GLOBAL(fsl_secondary_thread_init)
187 /* Enable branch prediction */
189 ori r3,r3,BUCSR_INIT@l
194 * Fix PIR to match the linear numbering in the device tree.
196 * On e6500, the reset value of PIR uses the low three bits for
197 * the thread within a core, and the upper bits for the core
198 * number. There are two threads per core, so shift everything
199 * but the low bit right by two bits so that the cpu numbering is
202 * If the old value of BUCSR is non-zero, this thread has run
203 * before. Thus, we assume we are coming from kexec or a similar
204 * scenario, and PIR is already set to the correct value. This
205 * is a bit of a hack, but there are limited opportunities for
206 * getting information into the thread and the alternatives
207 * seemed like they'd be overkill. We can't tell just by looking
208 * at the old PIR value which state it's in, since the same value
209 * could be valid for one thread out of reset and for a different
216 rlwimi r3, r3, 30, 2, 30
221 _GLOBAL(generic_secondary_thread_init)
224 /* turn on 64-bit mode */
227 /* get a valid TOC pointer, wherever we're mapped at */
231 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E
232 /* Book3E initialization */
234 bl book3e_secondary_thread_init
236 b generic_secondary_common_init
239 * On pSeries and most other platforms, secondary processors spin
240 * in the following code.
241 * At entry, r3 = this processor's number (physical cpu id)
243 * On Book3E, r4 = 1 to indicate that the initial TLB entry for
244 * this core already exists (setup via some other mechanism such
245 * as SCOM before entry).
247 _GLOBAL(generic_secondary_smp_init)
252 /* turn on 64-bit mode */
255 /* get a valid TOC pointer, wherever we're mapped at */
259 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E
260 /* Book3E initialization */
263 bl book3e_secondary_core_init
266 generic_secondary_common_init:
267 /* Set up a paca value for this processor. Since we have the
268 * physical cpu id in r24, we need to search the pacas to find
269 * which logical id maps to our physical one.
271 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r13, paca) /* Load paca pointer */
272 ld r13,0(r13) /* Get base vaddr of paca array */
274 addi r13,r13,PACA_SIZE /* know r13 if used accidentally */
275 b kexec_wait /* wait for next kernel if !SMP */
277 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r7, nr_cpu_ids) /* Load nr_cpu_ids address */
278 lwz r7,0(r7) /* also the max paca allocated */
279 li r5,0 /* logical cpu id */
280 1: lhz r6,PACAHWCPUID(r13) /* Load HW procid from paca */
281 cmpw r6,r24 /* Compare to our id */
283 addi r13,r13,PACA_SIZE /* Loop to next PACA on miss */
285 cmpw r5,r7 /* Check if more pacas exist */
288 mr r3,r24 /* not found, copy phys to r3 */
289 b kexec_wait /* next kernel might do better */
292 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E
293 addi r12,r13,PACA_EXTLB /* and TLB exc frame in another */
294 mtspr SPRN_SPRG_TLB_EXFRAME,r12
297 /* From now on, r24 is expected to be logical cpuid */
300 /* See if we need to call a cpu state restore handler */
301 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r23, cur_cpu_spec)
303 ld r12,CPU_SPEC_RESTORE(r23)
306 #if !defined(_CALL_ELF) || _CALL_ELF != 2
312 3: LOAD_REG_ADDR(r3, spinning_secondaries) /* Decrement spinning_secondaries */
320 lbz r23,PACAPROCSTART(r13) /* Test if this processor should */
323 beq 4b /* Loop until told to go */
325 sync /* order paca.run and cur_cpu_spec */
326 isync /* In case code patching happened */
328 /* Create a temp kernel stack for use before relocation is on. */
329 ld r1,PACAEMERGSP(r13)
330 subi r1,r1,STACK_FRAME_OVERHEAD
337 * Assumes we're mapped EA == RA if the MMU is on.
339 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3S
342 andi. r0,r3,MSR_IR|MSR_DR
350 b . /* prevent speculative execution */
355 * Here is our main kernel entry point. We support currently 2 kind of entries
356 * depending on the value of r5.
358 * r5 != NULL -> OF entry, we go to prom_init, "legacy" parameter content
361 * r5 == NULL -> kexec style entry. r3 is a physical pointer to the
362 * DT block, r4 is a physical pointer to the kernel itself
365 __start_initialization_multiplatform:
366 /* Make sure we are running in 64 bits mode */
369 /* Get TOC pointer (current runtime address) */
372 /* find out where we are now */
374 0: mflr r26 /* r26 = runtime addr here */
375 addis r26,r26,(_stext - 0b)@ha
376 addi r26,r26,(_stext - 0b)@l /* current runtime base addr */
379 * Are we booted from a PROM Of-type client-interface ?
383 b __boot_from_prom /* yes -> prom */
385 /* Save parameters */
388 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_EARLY_DEBUG_OPAL
389 /* Save OPAL entry */
394 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E
395 bl start_initialization_book3e
398 /* Setup some critical 970 SPRs before switching MMU off */
401 cmpwi r0,0x39 /* 970 */
403 cmpwi r0,0x3c /* 970FX */
405 cmpwi r0,0x44 /* 970MP */
407 cmpwi r0,0x45 /* 970GX */
409 1: bl __cpu_preinit_ppc970
412 /* Switch off MMU if not already off */
415 #endif /* CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E */
418 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_OF_BOOT_TRAMPOLINE
419 /* Save parameters */
427 * Align the stack to 16-byte boundary
428 * Depending on the size and layout of the ELF sections in the initial
429 * boot binary, the stack pointer may be unaligned on PowerMac
433 #ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
434 /* Relocate code for where we are now */
439 /* Restore parameters */
446 /* Do all of the interaction with OF client interface */
449 #endif /* #CONFIG_PPC_OF_BOOT_TRAMPOLINE */
451 /* We never return. We also hit that trap if trying to boot
452 * from OF while CONFIG_PPC_OF_BOOT_TRAMPOLINE isn't selected */
456 #ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
457 /* process relocations for the final address of the kernel */
458 lis r25,PAGE_OFFSET@highest /* compute virtual base of kernel */
460 #if defined(CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E)
461 tovirt(r26,r26) /* on booke, we already run at PAGE_OFFSET */
463 lwz r7,__run_at_load-_stext(r26)
464 #if defined(CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E)
467 cmplwi cr0,r7,1 /* flagged to stay where we are ? */
472 #if defined(CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E)
473 /* IVPR needs to be set after relocation. */
479 * We need to run with _stext at physical address PHYSICAL_START.
480 * This will leave some code in the first 256B of
481 * real memory, which are reserved for software use.
483 * Note: This process overwrites the OF exception vectors.
485 li r3,0 /* target addr */
486 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E
487 tovirt(r3,r3) /* on booke, we already run at PAGE_OFFSET */
489 mr. r4,r26 /* In some cases the loader may */
490 #if defined(CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E)
493 beq 9f /* have already put us at zero */
494 li r6,0x100 /* Start offset, the first 0x100 */
495 /* bytes were copied earlier. */
497 #ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
499 * Check if the kernel has to be running as relocatable kernel based on the
500 * variable __run_at_load, if it is set the kernel is treated as relocatable
501 * kernel, otherwise it will be moved to PHYSICAL_START
503 #if defined(CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E)
504 tovirt(r26,r26) /* on booke, we already run at PAGE_OFFSET */
506 lwz r7,__run_at_load-_stext(r26)
510 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E
511 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r5, __end_interrupts)
512 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r11, _stext)
515 /* just copy interrupts */
516 LOAD_REG_IMMEDIATE(r5, __end_interrupts - _stext)
521 lis r5,(copy_to_here - _stext)@ha
522 addi r5,r5,(copy_to_here - _stext)@l /* # bytes of memory to copy */
524 bl copy_and_flush /* copy the first n bytes */
525 /* this includes the code being */
527 addis r8,r3,(4f - _stext)@ha /* Jump to the copy of this code */
528 addi r12,r8,(4f - _stext)@l /* that we just made */
533 p_end: .llong _end - _stext
535 4: /* Now copy the rest of the kernel up to _end */
536 addis r5,r26,(p_end - _stext)@ha
537 ld r5,(p_end - _stext)@l(r5) /* get _end */
538 5: bl copy_and_flush /* copy the rest */
540 9: b start_here_multiplatform
543 * Copy routine used to copy the kernel to start at physical address 0
544 * and flush and invalidate the caches as needed.
545 * r3 = dest addr, r4 = source addr, r5 = copy limit, r6 = start offset
546 * on exit, r3, r4, r5 are unchanged, r6 is updated to be >= r5.
548 * Note: this routine *only* clobbers r0, r6 and lr
550 _GLOBAL(copy_and_flush)
553 4: li r0,8 /* Use the smallest common */
554 /* denominator cache line */
555 /* size. This results in */
556 /* extra cache line flushes */
557 /* but operation is correct. */
558 /* Can't get cache line size */
559 /* from NACA as it is being */
562 mtctr r0 /* put # words/line in ctr */
563 3: addi r6,r6,8 /* copy a cache line */
567 dcbst r6,r3 /* write it to memory */
569 icbi r6,r3 /* flush the icache line */
582 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_PMAC
584 * On PowerMac, secondary processors starts from the reset vector, which
585 * is temporarily turned into a call to one of the functions below.
590 .globl __secondary_start_pmac_0
591 __secondary_start_pmac_0:
592 /* NB the entries for cpus 0, 1, 2 must each occupy 8 bytes. */
602 _GLOBAL(pmac_secondary_start)
603 /* turn on 64-bit mode */
608 rldimi r3,r0,40,23 /* clear bit 23 (rm_ci) */
615 /* get TOC pointer (real address) */
619 /* Copy some CPU settings from CPU 0 */
620 bl __restore_cpu_ppc970
622 /* pSeries do that early though I don't think we really need it */
625 mtmsrd r3 /* RI on */
627 /* Set up a paca value for this processor. */
628 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r4,paca) /* Load paca pointer */
629 ld r4,0(r4) /* Get base vaddr of paca array */
630 mulli r13,r24,PACA_SIZE /* Calculate vaddr of right paca */
631 add r13,r13,r4 /* for this processor. */
632 SET_PACA(r13) /* Save vaddr of paca in an SPRG*/
634 /* Mark interrupts soft and hard disabled (they might be enabled
635 * in the PACA when doing hotplug)
638 stb r0,PACASOFTIRQEN(r13)
639 li r0,PACA_IRQ_HARD_DIS
640 stb r0,PACAIRQHAPPENED(r13)
642 /* Create a temp kernel stack for use before relocation is on. */
643 ld r1,PACAEMERGSP(r13)
644 subi r1,r1,STACK_FRAME_OVERHEAD
648 #endif /* CONFIG_PPC_PMAC */
651 * This function is called after the master CPU has released the
652 * secondary processors. The execution environment is relocation off.
653 * The paca for this processor has the following fields initialized at
655 * 1. Processor number
656 * 2. Segment table pointer (virtual address)
657 * On entry the following are set:
658 * r1 = stack pointer (real addr of temp stack)
659 * r24 = cpu# (in Linux terms)
660 * r13 = paca virtual address
661 * SPRG_PACA = paca virtual address
666 .globl __secondary_start
668 /* Set thread priority to MEDIUM */
671 /* Initialize the kernel stack */
672 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r3, current_set)
673 sldi r28,r24,3 /* get current_set[cpu#] */
675 addi r14,r14,THREAD_SIZE-STACK_FRAME_OVERHEAD
676 std r14,PACAKSAVE(r13)
678 /* Do early setup for that CPU (SLB and hash table pointer) */
679 bl early_setup_secondary
682 * setup the new stack pointer, but *don't* use this until
687 /* Clear backchain so we get nice backtraces */
691 /* Mark interrupts soft and hard disabled (they might be enabled
692 * in the PACA when doing hotplug)
694 stb r7,PACASOFTIRQEN(r13)
695 li r0,PACA_IRQ_HARD_DIS
696 stb r0,PACAIRQHAPPENED(r13)
698 /* enable MMU and jump to start_secondary */
699 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r3, start_secondary_prolog)
700 LOAD_REG_IMMEDIATE(r4, MSR_KERNEL)
705 b . /* prevent speculative execution */
708 * Running with relocation on at this point. All we want to do is
709 * zero the stack back-chain pointer and get the TOC virtual address
710 * before going into C code.
712 start_secondary_prolog:
715 std r3,0(r1) /* Zero the stack frame pointer */
719 * Reset stack pointer and call start_secondary
720 * to continue with online operation when woken up
721 * from cede in cpu offline.
723 _GLOBAL(start_secondary_resume)
724 ld r1,PACAKSAVE(r13) /* Reload kernel stack pointer */
726 std r3,0(r1) /* Zero the stack frame pointer */
732 * This subroutine clobbers r11 and r12
735 mfmsr r11 /* grab the current MSR */
736 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E
737 oris r11,r11,0x8000 /* CM bit set, we'll set ICM later */
739 #else /* CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E */
740 li r12,(MSR_64BIT | MSR_ISF)@highest
749 * This puts the TOC pointer into r2, offset by 0x8000 (as expected
750 * by the toolchain). It computes the correct value for wherever we
751 * are running at the moment, using position-independent code.
753 * Note: The compiler constructs pointers using offsets from the
754 * TOC in -mcmodel=medium mode. After we relocate to 0 but before
755 * the MMU is on we need our TOC to be a virtual address otherwise
756 * these pointers will be real addresses which may get stored and
757 * accessed later with the MMU on. We use tovirt() at the call
758 * sites to handle this.
760 _GLOBAL(relative_toc)
764 ld r2,(p_toc - 0b)(r11)
770 p_toc: .llong __toc_start + 0x8000 - 0b
773 * This is where the main kernel code starts.
775 start_here_multiplatform:
780 /* Clear out the BSS. It may have been done in prom_init,
781 * already but that's irrelevant since prom_init will soon
782 * be detached from the kernel completely. Besides, we need
783 * to clear it now for kexec-style entry.
785 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r11,__bss_stop)
786 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r8,__bss_start)
787 sub r11,r11,r8 /* bss size */
788 addi r11,r11,7 /* round up to an even double word */
789 srdi. r11,r11,3 /* shift right by 3 */
793 mtctr r11 /* zero this many doublewords */
798 #ifdef CONFIG_PPC_EARLY_DEBUG_OPAL
799 /* Setup OPAL entry */
800 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r11, opal)
805 #ifndef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3E
808 mtmsrd r6 /* RI on */
811 #ifdef CONFIG_RELOCATABLE
812 /* Save the physical address we're running at in kernstart_addr */
813 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r4, kernstart_addr)
818 /* The following gets the stack set up with the regs */
819 /* pointing to the real addr of the kernel stack. This is */
820 /* all done to support the C function call below which sets */
821 /* up the htab. This is done because we have relocated the */
822 /* kernel but are still running in real mode. */
824 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r3,init_thread_union)
826 /* set up a stack pointer */
827 addi r1,r3,THREAD_SIZE
829 stdu r0,-STACK_FRAME_OVERHEAD(r1)
832 * Do very early kernel initializations, including initial hash table
833 * and SLB setup before we turn on relocation.
836 /* Restore parameters passed from prom_init/kexec */
838 bl early_setup /* also sets r13 and SPRG_PACA */
840 LOAD_REG_ADDR(r3, start_here_common)
845 b . /* prevent speculative execution */
847 /* This is where all platforms converge execution */
850 /* relocation is on at this point */
851 std r1,PACAKSAVE(r13)
853 /* Load the TOC (virtual address) */
856 /* Do more system initializations in virtual mode */
859 /* Mark interrupts soft and hard disabled (they might be enabled
860 * in the PACA when doing hotplug)
863 stb r0,PACASOFTIRQEN(r13)
864 li r0,PACA_IRQ_HARD_DIS
865 stb r0,PACAIRQHAPPENED(r13)
867 /* Generic kernel entry */
874 * We put a few things here that have to be page-aligned.
875 * This stuff goes at the beginning of the bss, which is page-aligned.
881 .globl empty_zero_page
885 .globl swapper_pg_dir
887 .space PGD_TABLE_SIZE