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8 <sect1 id="ch-system-adjusting">
9 <?dbhtml filename="adjusting.html"?>
11 <title>Adjusting the Toolchain</title>
13 <para>Now that the final C libraries have been installed, it is time to adjust
14 the toolchain so that it will link any
15 newly compiled program against these new libraries.</para>
17 <para>First, backup the <filename class="directory">/tools</filename> linker,
18 and replace it with the adjusted linker we made in chapter 5. We'll also create
19 a link to its counterpart in
20 <filename class="directory">/tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin</filename>:</para>
22 <screen><userinput>mv -v /tools/bin/{ld,ld-old}
23 mv -v /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/{ld,ld-old}
24 mv -v /tools/bin/{ld-new,ld}
25 ln -sv /tools/bin/ld /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/ld</userinput></screen>
27 <para>Next, amend the GCC specs file so that it points to the new
28 dynamic linker. Simply deleting all instances of <quote>/tools</quote> should
29 leave us with the correct path to the dynamic linker. Also adjust the specs file
30 so that GCC knows where to find the correct headers and Glibc start files.
31 A <command>sed</command> command accomplishes this:</para>
33 <screen><userinput>gcc -dumpspecs | sed -e 's@/tools@@g' \
34 -e '/\*startfile_prefix_spec:/{n;s@.*@/usr/lib/ @}' \
35 -e '/\*cpp:/{n;s@$@ -isystem /usr/include@}' > \
36 `dirname $(gcc --print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs</userinput></screen>
38 <para>It is a good idea to visually inspect the specs file to verify the
39 intended change was actually made.</para>
41 <para>It is imperative at this point to ensure that the basic
42 functions (compiling and linking) of the adjusted toolchain are working
43 as expected. To do this, perform the following sanity checks:</para>
45 <screen os="a"><userinput>echo 'int main(){}' > dummy.c
46 cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log
47 readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib'</userinput></screen>
49 <para os="b">There should be no errors,
50 and the output of the last command will be (allowing for
51 platform-specific differences in dynamic linker name):</para>
53 <screen os="c"><computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]</computeroutput></screen>
55 <para>Note that <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> is now
56 the prefix of our dynamic linker.</para>
58 <note><para>On 32-bit systems the interpreter should be
59 /lib/ld-linux.so.2.</para></note>
61 <para os="d">Now make sure that we're setup to use the correct start files:</para>
63 <screen os="e"><userinput>grep -o '/usr/lib.*/crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log</userinput></screen>
65 <para os="f">The output of the last command should be:</para>
67 <screen><computeroutput>/usr/lib/../lib/crt1.o succeeded
68 /usr/lib/../lib/crti.o succeeded
69 /usr/lib/../lib/crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput></screen>
71 <para os="g">Verify that the compiler is searching for the correct header
74 <screen><userinput>grep -B1 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput></screen>
76 <para os="h">This command should return the following output:</para>
78 <screen><computeroutput>#include <...> search starts here:
79 /usr/include</computeroutput></screen>
81 <para os="i">Next, verify that the new linker is being used with the correct search paths:</para>
83 <screen os="j"><userinput>grep 'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\n|g'</userinput></screen>
85 <para os="k">References to paths that have components with '-linux-gnu' should
86 be ignored, but otherwise the output of the last command should be:</para>
88 <screen><computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR("/usr/lib")
89 SEARCH_DIR("/lib")</computeroutput></screen>
91 <para os="l">Next make sure that we're using the correct libc:</para>
93 <screen os="m"><userinput>grep "/lib.*/libc.so.6 " dummy.log</userinput></screen>
95 <para os="n">The output of the last command should be:</para>
97 <screen os="o"><computeroutput>attempt to open /lib/libc.so.6 succeeded</computeroutput></screen>
99 <para os="p">Lastly, make sure GCC is using the correct dynamic linker:</para>
101 <screen os="q"><userinput>grep found dummy.log</userinput></screen>
103 <para os="r">The output of the last command should be (allowing for
104 platform-specific differences in dynamic linker name):</para>
106 <screen os="s"><computeroutput>found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at /lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2</computeroutput></screen>
108 <para os="t">If the output does not appear as shown above or is not received
109 at all, then something is seriously wrong. Investigate and retrace the
110 steps to find out where the problem is and correct it. The most likely
111 reason is that something went wrong with the specs file adjustment. Any
112 issues will need to be resolved before continuing on with the process.</para>
114 <para os="u">Once everything is working correctly, clean up the test files:</para>
116 <screen os="v"><userinput>rm -v dummy.c a.out dummy.log</userinput></screen>