chapter06/coreutils.xml

   1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
   2 <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
   3   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
   4   <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
   5   %general-entities;
   6 ]>
   7
   8 <sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
   9   <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
  10
  11   <sect1info condition="script">
  12     <productname>coreutils</productname>
  13     <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
  14     <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
  15   </sect1info>
  16
  17   <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
  18
  19   <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
  20     <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
  21   </indexterm>
  22
  23   <sect2 role="package">
  24     <title/>
  25
  26     <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
  27     basic system characteristics.</para>
  28
  29     <segmentedlist>
  30       <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
  31       <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
  32
  33       <seglistitem>
  34         <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
  35         <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
  36       </seglistitem>
  37     </segmentedlist>
  38
  39   </sect2>
  40
  41   <sect2 role="installation">
  42     <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
  43
  44     <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
  45     boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
  46     this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.</para>
  47
  48 <screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
  49
  50     <note>
  51       <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
  52       bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
  53       without this patch.</para>
  54     </note>
  55
  56    <!-- this has been fixed in upstream gnulib, when a new version of
  57    coreutils is released, please check #4055 to see if the change has been
  58    picked up in this package -->
  59    <para>Suppress a test which on some machines can loop forever:</para>
  60
  61 <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/test.lock/s/^/#/' gnulib-tests/gnulib.mk</userinput></screen>
  62
  63     <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
  64
  65 <screen><userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
  66             --prefix=/usr            \
  67             --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
  68
  69     <variablelist>
  70       <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
  71
  72       <varlistentry>
  73         <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
  74         <listitem>
  75           <para>This environment variable allows the package to be
  76           built as the root user.
  77           </para>
  78         </listitem>
  79       </varlistentry>
  80
  81       <varlistentry>
  82         <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
  83         <listitem>
  84           <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
  85           installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
  86           </para>
  87         </listitem>
  88       </varlistentry>
  89     </variablelist>
  90
  91     <para>Compile the package:</para>
  92
  93 <screen><userinput remap="make">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 make</userinput></screen>
  94
  95     <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
  96     package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
  97
  98     <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
  99     meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
 100
 101 <screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
 102
 103     <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
 104     <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
 105     however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
 106     these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
 107     user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
 108
 109 <screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
 110
 111     <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
 112     run the tests:</para>
 113
 114 <screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
 115
 116     <para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>
 117     environment includes /tools/bin.</para>
 118
 119 <screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
 120           -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
 121
 122     <para>The test program test-getlogin is known to fail in a
 123     partially built system environment like the chroot environment here, but
 124     passes if run at the end of this chapter.  The test program tty.sh is
 125     also known to fail.</para>
 126
 127     <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
 128
 129 <screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
 130
 131     <para>Install the package:</para>
 132
 133 <screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
 134
 135     <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
 136
 137 <screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
 138 mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
 139 mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
 140 mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
 141 mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
 142 sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
 143
 144     <para revision="sysv">Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package
 145     depend on <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
 146     <command>nice</command>.  As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
 147     may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
 148     need to be on the root partition:</para>
 149
 150     <para revision="systemd">Some packages in BLFS and beyond expect the
 151     following programs in <filename class="directory">/bin</filename>, so make
 152     sure they are placed there:</para>
 153
 154 <screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice,test,[} /bin</userinput></screen>
 155
 156   </sect2>
 157
 158   <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
 159     <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
 160
 161     <segmentedlist>
 162       <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
 163       <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
 164       <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
 165
 166       <seglistitem>
 167         <seg>[, base32, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown,
 168         chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors,
 169         dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups,
 170         head, hostid, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir,
 171         mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste,
 172         pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm,
 173         rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum,
 174         sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum,
 175         sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort,
 176         tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and
 177         yes</seg>
 178         <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
 179         <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
 180       </seglistitem>
 181     </segmentedlist>
 182
 183     <variablelist>
 184       <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
 185       <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
 186       <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 187
 188       <varlistentry id="base32">
 189         <term><command>base32</command></term>
 190         <listitem>
 191           <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base32 specification
 192           (RFC 4648)</para>
 193           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
 194             <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
 195           </indexterm>
 196         </listitem>
 197       </varlistentry>
 198
 199       <varlistentry id="base64">
 200         <term><command>base64</command></term>
 201         <listitem>
 202           <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 specification
 203           (RFC 4648)</para>
 204           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
 205             <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
 206           </indexterm>
 207         </listitem>
 208       </varlistentry>
 209
 210       <varlistentry id="basename">
 211         <term><command>basename</command></term>
 212         <listitem>
 213           <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
 214           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
 215             <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
 216           </indexterm>
 217         </listitem>
 218       </varlistentry>
 219
 220       <varlistentry id="cat">
 221         <term><command>cat</command></term>
 222         <listitem>
 223           <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
 224           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
 225             <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
 226           </indexterm>
 227         </listitem>
 228       </varlistentry>
 229
 230       <varlistentry id="chcon">
 231         <term><command>chcon</command></term>
 232         <listitem>
 233           <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
 234           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
 235             <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
 236           </indexterm>
 237         </listitem>
 238       </varlistentry>
 239
 240       <varlistentry id="chgrp">
 241         <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
 242         <listitem>
 243           <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
 244           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
 245             <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
 246           </indexterm>
 247         </listitem>
 248       </varlistentry>
 249
 250       <varlistentry id="chmod">
 251         <term><command>chmod</command></term>
 252         <listitem>
 253           <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
 254           can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
 255           octal number representing the new permissions</para>
 256           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
 257             <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
 258           </indexterm>
 259         </listitem>
 260       </varlistentry>
 261
 262       <varlistentry id="chown">
 263         <term><command>chown</command></term>
 264         <listitem>
 265           <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
 266           directories</para>
 267           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
 268             <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
 269           </indexterm>
 270         </listitem>
 271       </varlistentry>
 272
 273       <varlistentry id="chroot">
 274         <term><command>chroot</command></term>
 275         <listitem>
 276           <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
 277           <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
 278           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
 279             <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
 280           </indexterm>
 281         </listitem>
 282       </varlistentry>
 283
 284       <varlistentry id="cksum">
 285         <term><command>cksum</command></term>
 286         <listitem>
 287           <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
 288           counts of each specified file</para>
 289           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
 290             <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
 291           </indexterm>
 292         </listitem>
 293       </varlistentry>
 294
 295       <varlistentry id="comm">
 296         <term><command>comm</command></term>
 297         <listitem>
 298           <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
 299           that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
 300           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
 301             <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
 302           </indexterm>
 303         </listitem>
 304       </varlistentry>
 305
 306       <varlistentry id="cp">
 307         <term><command>cp</command></term>
 308         <listitem>
 309           <para>Copies files</para>
 310           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
 311             <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
 312           </indexterm>
 313         </listitem>
 314       </varlistentry>
 315
 316       <varlistentry id="csplit">
 317         <term><command>csplit</command></term>
 318         <listitem>
 319           <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
 320           according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
 321           count of each new file</para>
 322           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
 323             <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
 324           </indexterm>
 325         </listitem>
 326       </varlistentry>
 327
 328       <varlistentry id="cut">
 329         <term><command>cut</command></term>
 330         <listitem>
 331           <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
 332           fields or positions</para>
 333           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
 334             <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
 335           </indexterm>
 336         </listitem>
 337       </varlistentry>
 338
 339       <varlistentry id="date">
 340         <term><command>date</command></term>
 341         <listitem>
 342           <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
 343           system date</para>
 344           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
 345             <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
 346           </indexterm>
 347         </listitem>
 348       </varlistentry>
 349
 350       <varlistentry id="dd">
 351         <term><command>dd</command> </term>
 352         <listitem>
 353           <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
 354           optionally performing conversions on it</para>
 355           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
 356             <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
 357           </indexterm>
 358         </listitem>
 359       </varlistentry>
 360
 361       <varlistentry id="df">
 362         <term><command>df</command></term>
 363         <listitem>
 364           <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
 365           mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
 366           files</para>
 367           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
 368             <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
 369           </indexterm>
 370         </listitem>
 371       </varlistentry>
 372
 373       <varlistentry id="dir">
 374         <term><command>dir</command></term>
 375         <listitem>
 376           <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
 377           the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
 378           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
 379             <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
 380           </indexterm>
 381         </listitem>
 382       </varlistentry>
 383
 384       <varlistentry id="dircolors">
 385         <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
 386         <listitem>
 387           <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
 388           environment variable to change the color scheme used by
 389           <command>ls</command></para>
 390           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
 391             <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
 392           </indexterm>
 393         </listitem>
 394       </varlistentry>
 395
 396       <varlistentry id="dirname">
 397         <term><command>dirname</command></term>
 398         <listitem>
 399           <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
 400           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
 401             <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
 402           </indexterm>
 403         </listitem>
 404       </varlistentry>
 405
 406       <varlistentry id="du">
 407         <term><command>du</command></term>
 408         <listitem>
 409           <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
 410           by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
 411           each of the given files</para>
 412           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
 413             <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
 414           </indexterm>
 415         </listitem>
 416       </varlistentry>
 417
 418       <varlistentry id="echo">
 419         <term><command>echo</command></term>
 420         <listitem>
 421           <para>Displays the given strings</para>
 422           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
 423             <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
 424           </indexterm>
 425         </listitem>
 426       </varlistentry>
 427
 428       <varlistentry id="env">
 429         <term><command>env</command></term>
 430         <listitem>
 431           <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
 432           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
 433             <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
 434           </indexterm>
 435         </listitem>
 436       </varlistentry>
 437
 438       <varlistentry id="expand">
 439         <term><command>expand</command></term>
 440         <listitem>
 441           <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
 442           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
 443             <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
 444           </indexterm>
 445         </listitem>
 446       </varlistentry>
 447
 448       <varlistentry id="expr">
 449         <term><command>expr</command></term>
 450         <listitem>
 451           <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
 452           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
 453             <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
 454           </indexterm>
 455         </listitem>
 456       </varlistentry>
 457
 458       <varlistentry id="factor">
 459         <term><command>factor</command></term>
 460         <listitem>
 461           <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
 462           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
 463             <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
 464           </indexterm>
 465         </listitem>
 466       </varlistentry>
 467
 468       <varlistentry id="false">
 469         <term><command>false</command></term>
 470         <listitem>
 471           <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
 472           indicating failure</para>
 473           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
 474             <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
 475           </indexterm>
 476         </listitem>
 477       </varlistentry>
 478
 479       <varlistentry id="fmt">
 480         <term><command>fmt</command></term>
 481         <listitem>
 482           <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
 483           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
 484             <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
 485           </indexterm>
 486         </listitem>
 487       </varlistentry>
 488
 489       <varlistentry id="fold">
 490         <term><command>fold</command></term>
 491         <listitem>
 492           <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
 493           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
 494             <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
 495           </indexterm>
 496         </listitem>
 497       </varlistentry>
 498
 499       <varlistentry id="groups">
 500         <term><command>groups</command></term>
 501         <listitem>
 502           <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
 503           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
 504             <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
 505           </indexterm>
 506         </listitem>
 507       </varlistentry>
 508
 509       <varlistentry id="head">
 510         <term><command>head</command></term>
 511         <listitem>
 512           <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
 513           of each given file</para>
 514           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
 515             <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
 516           </indexterm>
 517         </listitem>
 518       </varlistentry>
 519
 520       <varlistentry id="hostid">
 521         <term><command>hostid</command></term>
 522         <listitem>
 523           <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
 524           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
 525             <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
 526           </indexterm>
 527         </listitem>
 528       </varlistentry>
 529
 530       <varlistentry id="id">
 531         <term><command>id</command></term>
 532         <listitem>
 533           <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
 534           of the current user or specified user</para>
 535           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
 536             <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
 537           </indexterm>
 538         </listitem>
 539       </varlistentry>
 540
 541       <varlistentry id="install">
 542         <term><command>install</command> </term>
 543         <listitem>
 544           <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
 545           possible, their owner and group</para>
 546           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
 547             <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
 548           </indexterm>
 549         </listitem>
 550       </varlistentry>
 551
 552       <varlistentry id="join">
 553         <term><command>join</command></term>
 554         <listitem>
 555           <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
 556           separate files</para>
 557           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
 558             <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
 559           </indexterm>
 560         </listitem>
 561       </varlistentry>
 562
 563       <varlistentry id="link">
 564         <term><command>link</command></term>
 565         <listitem>
 566           <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
 567           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
 568             <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
 569           </indexterm>
 570         </listitem>
 571       </varlistentry>
 572
 573       <varlistentry id="ln">
 574         <term><command>ln</command></term>
 575         <listitem>
 576           <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
 577           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
 578             <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
 579           </indexterm>
 580         </listitem>
 581       </varlistentry>
 582
 583       <varlistentry id="logname">
 584         <term><command>logname</command></term>
 585         <listitem>
 586           <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
 587           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
 588             <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
 589           </indexterm>
 590         </listitem>
 591       </varlistentry>
 592
 593       <varlistentry id="ls">
 594         <term><command>ls</command></term>
 595         <listitem>
 596           <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
 597           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
 598             <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
 599           </indexterm>
 600         </listitem>
 601       </varlistentry>
 602
 603       <varlistentry id="md5sum">
 604         <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
 605         <listitem>
 606           <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
 607           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
 608             <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
 609           </indexterm>
 610         </listitem>
 611       </varlistentry>
 612
 613       <varlistentry id="mkdir">
 614         <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
 615         <listitem>
 616           <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
 617           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
 618             <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
 619           </indexterm>
 620         </listitem>
 621       </varlistentry>
 622
 623       <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
 624         <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
 625         <listitem>
 626           <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a "named
 627           pipe" in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
 628           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
 629             <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
 630           </indexterm>
 631         </listitem>
 632       </varlistentry>
 633
 634       <varlistentry id="mknod">
 635         <term><command>mknod</command></term>
 636         <listitem>
 637           <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
 638           character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
 639           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
 640             <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
 641           </indexterm>
 642         </listitem>
 643       </varlistentry>
 644
 645       <varlistentry id="mktemp">
 646         <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
 647         <listitem>
 648           <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
 649         <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
 650           <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
 651         </indexterm>
 652        </listitem>
 653      </varlistentry>
 654
 655       <varlistentry id="mv">
 656         <term><command>mv</command></term>
 657         <listitem>
 658           <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
 659           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
 660             <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
 661           </indexterm>
 662         </listitem>
 663       </varlistentry>
 664
 665       <varlistentry id="nice">
 666         <term><command>nice</command></term>
 667         <listitem>
 668           <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
 669           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
 670             <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
 671           </indexterm>
 672         </listitem>
 673       </varlistentry>
 674
 675       <varlistentry id="nl">
 676         <term><command>nl</command></term>
 677         <listitem>
 678           <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
 679           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
 680             <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
 681           </indexterm>
 682         </listitem>
 683       </varlistentry>
 684
 685       <varlistentry id="nohup">
 686         <term><command>nohup</command></term>
 687         <listitem>
 688           <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
 689           a log file</para>
 690           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
 691             <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
 692           </indexterm>
 693         </listitem>
 694       </varlistentry>
 695
 696       <varlistentry id="nproc">
 697         <term><command>nproc</command></term>
 698         <listitem>
 699           <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
 700           process</para>
 701           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
 702             <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
 703           </indexterm>
 704         </listitem>
 705       </varlistentry>
 706
 707       <varlistentry id="numfmt">
 708         <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
 709         <listitem>
 710           <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
 711           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
 712             <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
 713           </indexterm>
 714         </listitem>
 715       </varlistentry>
 716
 717       <varlistentry id="od">
 718         <term><command>od</command></term>
 719         <listitem>
 720           <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
 721           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
 722             <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
 723           </indexterm>
 724         </listitem>
 725       </varlistentry>
 726
 727       <varlistentry id="paste">
 728         <term><command>paste</command></term>
 729         <listitem>
 730           <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
 731           side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
 732           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
 733             <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
 734           </indexterm>
 735         </listitem>
 736       </varlistentry>
 737
 738       <varlistentry id="pathchk">
 739         <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
 740         <listitem>
 741           <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
 742           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
 743             <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
 744           </indexterm>
 745         </listitem>
 746       </varlistentry>
 747
 748       <varlistentry id="pinky">
 749         <term><command>pinky</command></term>
 750         <listitem>
 751           <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
 752           about the given users</para>
 753           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
 754             <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
 755           </indexterm>
 756         </listitem>
 757       </varlistentry>
 758
 759       <varlistentry id="pr">
 760         <term><command>pr</command></term>
 761         <listitem>
 762           <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
 763           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
 764             <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
 765           </indexterm>
 766         </listitem>
 767       </varlistentry>
 768
 769       <varlistentry id="printenv">
 770         <term><command>printenv</command></term>
 771         <listitem>
 772           <para>Prints the environment</para>
 773           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
 774             <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
 775           </indexterm>
 776         </listitem>
 777       </varlistentry>
 778
 779       <varlistentry id="printf">
 780         <term><command>printf</command></term>
 781         <listitem>
 782           <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
 783           like the C printf function</para>
 784           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
 785             <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
 786           </indexterm>
 787         </listitem>
 788       </varlistentry>
 789
 790       <varlistentry id="ptx">
 791         <term><command>ptx</command></term>
 792         <listitem>
 793           <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
 794           with each keyword in its context</para>
 795           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
 796             <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
 797           </indexterm>
 798         </listitem>
 799       </varlistentry>
 800
 801       <varlistentry id="pwd">
 802         <term><command>pwd</command></term>
 803         <listitem>
 804           <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
 805           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
 806             <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
 807           </indexterm>
 808         </listitem>
 809       </varlistentry>
 810
 811       <varlistentry id="readlink">
 812         <term><command>readlink</command></term>
 813         <listitem>
 814           <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
 815           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
 816             <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
 817           </indexterm>
 818         </listitem>
 819       </varlistentry>
 820
 821       <varlistentry id="realpath">
 822         <term><command>realpath</command></term>
 823         <listitem>
 824           <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
 825           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
 826             <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
 827           </indexterm>
 828         </listitem>
 829       </varlistentry>
 830
 831       <varlistentry id="rm">
 832         <term><command>rm</command></term>
 833         <listitem>
 834           <para>Removes files or directories</para>
 835           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
 836             <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
 837           </indexterm>
 838         </listitem>
 839       </varlistentry>
 840
 841       <varlistentry id="rmdir">
 842         <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
 843         <listitem>
 844           <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
 845           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
 846             <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
 847           </indexterm>
 848         </listitem>
 849       </varlistentry>
 850
 851       <varlistentry id="runcon">
 852         <term><command>runcon</command></term>
 853         <listitem>
 854           <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
 855           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
 856             <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
 857           </indexterm>
 858         </listitem>
 859       </varlistentry>
 860
 861       <varlistentry id="seq">
 862         <term><command>seq</command></term>
 863         <listitem>
 864           <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
 865           given increment</para>
 866           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
 867             <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
 868           </indexterm>
 869         </listitem>
 870       </varlistentry>
 871
 872       <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
 873         <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
 874         <listitem>
 875           <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
 876           checksums</para>
 877           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
 878             <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
 879           </indexterm>
 880         </listitem>
 881       </varlistentry>
 882
 883       <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
 884         <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
 885         <listitem>
 886           <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
 887           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
 888             <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
 889           </indexterm>
 890         </listitem>
 891       </varlistentry>
 892
 893       <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
 894         <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
 895         <listitem>
 896           <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
 897           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
 898             <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
 899           </indexterm>
 900         </listitem>
 901       </varlistentry>
 902
 903       <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
 904         <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
 905         <listitem>
 906           <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
 907           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
 908             <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
 909           </indexterm>
 910         </listitem>
 911       </varlistentry>
 912
 913       <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
 914         <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
 915         <listitem>
 916           <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
 917           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
 918             <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
 919           </indexterm>
 920         </listitem>
 921       </varlistentry>
 922
 923       <varlistentry id="shred">
 924         <term><command>shred</command></term>
 925         <listitem>
 926           <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
 927           making it difficult to recover the data</para>
 928           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
 929             <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
 930           </indexterm>
 931         </listitem>
 932       </varlistentry>
 933
 934       <varlistentry id="shuf">
 935         <term><command>shuf</command></term>
 936         <listitem>
 937           <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
 938           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
 939             <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
 940           </indexterm>
 941         </listitem>
 942       </varlistentry>
 943
 944       <varlistentry id="sleep">
 945         <term><command>sleep</command></term>
 946         <listitem>
 947           <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
 948           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
 949             <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
 950           </indexterm>
 951         </listitem>
 952       </varlistentry>
 953
 954       <varlistentry id="sort">
 955         <term><command>sort</command></term>
 956         <listitem>
 957           <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
 958           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
 959             <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
 960           </indexterm>
 961         </listitem>
 962       </varlistentry>
 963
 964       <varlistentry id="split">
 965         <term><command>split</command></term>
 966         <listitem>
 967           <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
 968           lines</para>
 969           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
 970             <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
 971           </indexterm>
 972         </listitem>
 973       </varlistentry>
 974
 975       <varlistentry id="stat">
 976         <term><command>stat</command></term>
 977         <listitem>
 978           <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
 979           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
 980             <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
 981           </indexterm>
 982         </listitem>
 983       </varlistentry>
 984
 985       <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
 986         <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
 987         <listitem>
 988           <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
 989           streams</para>
 990           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
 991             <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
 992           </indexterm>
 993         </listitem>
 994       </varlistentry>
 995
 996       <varlistentry id="stty">
 997         <term><command>stty</command></term>
 998         <listitem>
 999           <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
1000           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
1001             <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
1002           </indexterm>
1003         </listitem>
1004       </varlistentry>
1005
1006       <varlistentry id="sum">
1007         <term><command>sum</command></term>
1008         <listitem>
1009           <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
1010           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
1011             <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
1012           </indexterm>
1013         </listitem>
1014       </varlistentry>
1015
1016       <varlistentry id="sync">
1017         <term><command>sync</command></term>
1018         <listitem>
1019           <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
1020           and updates the super block</para>
1021           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
1022             <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
1023           </indexterm>
1024         </listitem>
1025       </varlistentry>
1026
1027       <varlistentry id="tac">
1028         <term><command>tac</command></term>
1029         <listitem>
1030           <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
1031           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1032             <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1033           </indexterm>
1034         </listitem>
1035       </varlistentry>
1036
1037       <varlistentry id="tail">
1038         <term><command>tail</command></term>
1039         <listitem>
1040           <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1041           given file</para>
1042           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1043             <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1044           </indexterm>
1045         </listitem>
1046       </varlistentry>
1047
1048       <varlistentry id="tee">
1049         <term><command>tee</command></term>
1050         <listitem>
1051           <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1052           and to the given files</para>
1053           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1054             <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1055           </indexterm>
1056         </listitem>
1057       </varlistentry>
1058
1059       <varlistentry id="test">
1060         <term><command>test</command></term>
1061         <listitem>
1062           <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1063           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1064             <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1065           </indexterm>
1066         </listitem>
1067       </varlistentry>
1068
1069       <varlistentry id="timeout">
1070         <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1071         <listitem>
1072           <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1073           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1074             <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1075           </indexterm>
1076         </listitem>
1077       </varlistentry>
1078
1079       <varlistentry id="touch">
1080         <term><command>touch</command></term>
1081         <listitem>
1082           <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1083           times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1084           are created with zero length</para>
1085           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1086             <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1087           </indexterm>
1088         </listitem>
1089       </varlistentry>
1090
1091       <varlistentry id="tr">
1092         <term><command>tr</command></term>
1093         <listitem>
1094           <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1095           standard input</para>
1096           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1097             <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1098           </indexterm>
1099         </listitem>
1100       </varlistentry>
1101
1102       <varlistentry id="true">
1103         <term><command>true</command></term>
1104         <listitem>
1105           <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1106           indicating success</para>
1107           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1108             <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1109           </indexterm>
1110         </listitem>
1111       </varlistentry>
1112
1113       <varlistentry id="truncate">
1114         <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1115         <listitem>
1116           <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1117           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1118             <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1119           </indexterm>
1120         </listitem>
1121       </varlistentry>
1122
1123       <varlistentry id="tsort">
1124         <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1125         <listitem>
1126           <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1127           according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1128           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1129             <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1130           </indexterm>
1131         </listitem>
1132       </varlistentry>
1133
1134       <varlistentry id="tty">
1135         <term><command>tty</command></term>
1136         <listitem>
1137           <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1138           input</para>
1139           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1140             <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1141           </indexterm>
1142         </listitem>
1143       </varlistentry>
1144
1145       <varlistentry id="uname">
1146         <term><command>uname</command></term>
1147         <listitem>
1148           <para>Reports system information</para>
1149           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1150             <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1151           </indexterm>
1152         </listitem>
1153       </varlistentry>
1154
1155       <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1156         <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1157         <listitem>
1158           <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1159           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1160             <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1161           </indexterm>
1162         </listitem>
1163       </varlistentry>
1164
1165       <varlistentry id="uniq">
1166         <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1167         <listitem>
1168           <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1169           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1170             <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1171           </indexterm>
1172         </listitem>
1173       </varlistentry>
1174
1175       <varlistentry id="unlink">
1176         <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1177         <listitem>
1178           <para>Removes the given file</para>
1179           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1180             <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1181           </indexterm>
1182         </listitem>
1183       </varlistentry>
1184
1185       <varlistentry id="users">
1186         <term><command>users</command></term>
1187         <listitem>
1188           <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1189           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1190             <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1191           </indexterm>
1192         </listitem>
1193       </varlistentry>
1194
1195       <varlistentry id="vdir">
1196         <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1197         <listitem>
1198           <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1199           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1200             <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1201           </indexterm>
1202         </listitem>
1203       </varlistentry>
1204
1205       <varlistentry id="wc">
1206         <term><command>wc</command></term>
1207         <listitem>
1208           <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1209           file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1210           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1211             <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1212           </indexterm>
1213         </listitem>
1214       </varlistentry>
1215
1216       <varlistentry id="who">
1217         <term><command>who</command></term>
1218         <listitem>
1219           <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1220           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1221             <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1222           </indexterm>
1223         </listitem>
1224       </varlistentry>
1225
1226       <varlistentry id="whoami">
1227         <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1228         <listitem>
1229           <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1230           user ID</para>
1231           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1232             <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1233           </indexterm>
1234         </listitem>
1235       </varlistentry>
1236
1237       <varlistentry id="yes">
1238         <term><command>yes</command></term>
1239         <listitem>
1240           <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1241           killed</para>
1242           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1243             <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1244           </indexterm>
1245         </listitem>
1246       </varlistentry>
1247
1248       <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1249         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
1250         <listitem>
1251           <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1252           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1253             <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
1254           </indexterm>
1255         </listitem>
1256       </varlistentry>
1257
1258     </variablelist>
1259
1260   </sect2>
1261
1262 </sect1>