BOOK/chapter06/coreutils.xml

   1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
   2 <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
   3   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
   4   <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
   5   %general-entities;
   6 ]>
   7
   8 <sect1 id="ch-system-coreutils" role="wrap">
   9   <?dbhtml filename="coreutils.html"?>
  10
  11   <sect1info condition="script">
  12     <productname>coreutils</productname>
  13     <productnumber>&coreutils-version;</productnumber>
  14     <address>&coreutils-url;</address>
  15   </sect1info>
  16
  17   <title>Coreutils-&coreutils-version;</title>
  18
  19   <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils">
  20     <primary sortas="a-Coreutils">Coreutils</primary>
  21   </indexterm>
  22
  23   <sect2 role="package">
  24     <title/>
  25
  26     <para>The Coreutils package contains utilities for showing and setting the
  27     basic system characteristics.</para>
  28
  29     <segmentedlist>
  30       <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
  31       <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
  32
  33       <seglistitem>
  34         <seg>&coreutils-ch6-sbu;</seg>
  35         <seg>&coreutils-ch6-du;</seg>
  36       </seglistitem>
  37     </segmentedlist>
  38
  39   </sect2>
  40
  41   <sect2 role="installation">
  42     <title>Installation of Coreutils</title>
  43 <!--
  44     <para>First, fix a segfault in <command>shuf</command> program:</para>
  45
  46 <screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-shuf-segfault-patch;</userinput></screen>
  47 -->
  48
  49     <para>POSIX requires that programs from Coreutils recognize character
  50     boundaries correctly even in multibyte locales. The following patch fixes
  51     this non-compliance and other internationalization-related bugs.</para>
  52
  53 <screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&coreutils-i18n-patch;</userinput></screen>
  54
  55     <note>
  56       <para>In the past, many bugs were found in this patch. When reporting new
  57       bugs to Coreutils maintainers, please check first if they are reproducible
  58       without this patch.</para>
  59     </note>
  60
  61     <para>Now prepare Coreutils for compilation:</para>
  62
  63 <screen><userinput remap="configure">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 ./configure \
  64             --prefix=/usr            \
  65             --enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</userinput></screen>
  66
  67     <variablelist>
  68       <title>The meaning of the configure options:</title>
  69
  70       <varlistentry>
  71         <term><envar>FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1</envar></term>
  72         <listitem>
  73           <para>This environment variable allows the package to be
  74           built as the root user.
  75           </para>
  76         </listitem>
  77       </varlistentry>
  78
  79       <varlistentry>
  80         <term><parameter>--enable-no-install-program=kill,uptime</parameter></term>
  81         <listitem>
  82           <para>The purpose of this switch is to prevent Coreutils from
  83           installing binaries that will be installed by other packages later.
  84           </para>
  85         </listitem>
  86       </varlistentry>
  87     </variablelist>
  88
  89     <para>Compile the package:</para>
  90
  91 <screen><userinput remap="make">FORCE_UNSAFE_CONFIGURE=1 make</userinput></screen>
  92
  93     <para>Skip down to <quote>Install the
  94     package</quote> if not running the test suite.</para>
  95
  96     <para>Now the test suite is ready to be run. First, run the tests that are
  97     meant to be run as user <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem>:</para>
  98
  99 <screen><userinput remap="test">make NON_ROOT_USERNAME=nobody check-root</userinput></screen>
 100
 101     <para>We're going to run the remainder of the tests as the
 102     <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> user. Certain tests,
 103     however, require that the user be a member of more than one group. So that
 104     these tests are not skipped we'll add a temporary group and make the
 105     user <systemitem class="username">nobody</systemitem> a part of it:</para>
 106
 107 <screen><userinput remap="test">echo "dummy:x:1000:nobody" &gt;&gt; /etc/group</userinput></screen>
 108
 109     <para>Fix some of the permissions so that the non-root user can compile and
 110     run the tests:</para>
 111
 112 <screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody . </userinput></screen>
 113
 114     <para>Now run the tests. Make sure the PATH in the <userinput>su</userinput>
 115     environment includes /tools/bin.</para>
 116
 117 <screen><userinput remap="test">su nobody -s /bin/bash \
 118           -c "PATH=$PATH make RUN_EXPENSIVE_TESTS=yes check"</userinput></screen>
 119
 120     <para>The stty-pairs test is known to fail on a virtual console, but
 121     passes if run in a X terminal.</para>
 122
 123     <para>Remove the temporary group:</para>
 124
 125 <screen><userinput remap="test">sed -i '/dummy/d' /etc/group</userinput></screen>
 126
 127     <para>Install the package:</para>
 128
 129 <screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
 130
 131     <para>Move programs to the locations specified by the FHS:</para>
 132
 133 <screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{cat,chgrp,chmod,chown,cp,date,dd,df,echo} /bin
 134 mv -v /usr/bin/{false,ln,ls,mkdir,mknod,mv,pwd,rm} /bin
 135 mv -v /usr/bin/{rmdir,stty,sync,true,uname} /bin
 136 mv -v /usr/bin/chroot /usr/sbin
 137 mv -v /usr/share/man/man1/chroot.1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8
 138 sed -i s/\"1\"/\"8\"/1 /usr/share/man/man8/chroot.8</userinput></screen>
 139
 140     <para revision="sysv">Some of the scripts in the LFS-Bootscripts package
 141     depend on <command>head</command>, <command>sleep</command>, and
 142     <command>nice</command>.  As <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
 143     may not be available during the early stages of booting, those binaries
 144     need to be on the root partition:</para>
 145
 146     <para revision="systemd">Some packages in BLFS and beyond expect the
 147     following programs in <filename class="directory">/bin</filename>, so make
 148     sure they are placed there:</para>
 149
 150 <screen><userinput remap="install">mv -v /usr/bin/{head,sleep,nice,test,[} /bin</userinput></screen>
 151
 152   </sect2>
 153
 154   <sect2 id="contents-coreutils" role="content">
 155     <title>Contents of Coreutils</title>
 156
 157     <segmentedlist>
 158       <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
 159       <segtitle>Installed library</segtitle>
 160       <segtitle>Installed directory</segtitle>
 161
 162       <seglistitem>
 163         <seg>[, base32, base64, basename, cat, chcon, chgrp, chmod, chown,
 164         chroot, cksum, comm, cp, csplit, cut, date, dd, df, dir, dircolors,
 165         dirname, du, echo, env, expand, expr, factor, false, fmt, fold, groups,
 166         head, hostid, id, install, join, link, ln, logname, ls, md5sum, mkdir,
 167         mkfifo, mknod, mktemp, mv, nice, nl, nohup, nproc, numfmt, od, paste,
 168         pathchk, pinky, pr, printenv, printf, ptx, pwd, readlink, realpath, rm,
 169         rmdir, runcon, seq, sha1sum, sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum,
 170         sha512sum, shred, shuf, sleep, sort, split, stat, stdbuf, stty, sum,
 171         sync, tac, tail, tee, test, timeout, touch, tr, true, truncate, tsort,
 172         tty, uname, unexpand, uniq, unlink, users, vdir, wc, who, whoami, and
 173         yes</seg>
 174         <seg>libstdbuf.so</seg>
 175         <seg>/usr/libexec/coreutils</seg>
 176       </seglistitem>
 177     </segmentedlist>
 178
 179     <variablelist>
 180       <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
 181       <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
 182       <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 183
 184       <varlistentry id="base32">
 185         <term><command>base32</command></term>
 186         <listitem>
 187           <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base32 specification
 188           (RFC 4648)</para>
 189           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
 190             <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
 191           </indexterm>
 192         </listitem>
 193       </varlistentry>
 194
 195       <varlistentry id="base64">
 196         <term><command>base64</command></term>
 197         <listitem>
 198           <para>Encodes and decodes data according to the base64 specification
 199           (RFC 4648)</para>
 200           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils base64">
 201             <primary sortas="b-base64">base64</primary>
 202           </indexterm>
 203         </listitem>
 204       </varlistentry>
 205
 206       <varlistentry id="basename">
 207         <term><command>basename</command></term>
 208         <listitem>
 209           <para>Strips any path and a given suffix from a file name</para>
 210           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils basename">
 211             <primary sortas="b-basename">basename</primary>
 212           </indexterm>
 213         </listitem>
 214       </varlistentry>
 215
 216       <varlistentry id="cat">
 217         <term><command>cat</command></term>
 218         <listitem>
 219           <para>Concatenates files to standard output</para>
 220           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cat">
 221             <primary sortas="b-cat">cat</primary>
 222           </indexterm>
 223         </listitem>
 224       </varlistentry>
 225
 226       <varlistentry id="chcon">
 227         <term><command>chcon</command></term>
 228         <listitem>
 229           <para>Changes security context for files and directories</para>
 230           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chcon">
 231             <primary sortas="b-chcon">chcon</primary>
 232           </indexterm>
 233         </listitem>
 234       </varlistentry>
 235
 236       <varlistentry id="chgrp">
 237         <term><command>chgrp</command></term>
 238         <listitem>
 239           <para>Changes the group ownership of files and directories</para>
 240           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chgrp">
 241             <primary sortas="b-chgrp">chgrp</primary>
 242           </indexterm>
 243         </listitem>
 244       </varlistentry>
 245
 246       <varlistentry id="chmod">
 247         <term><command>chmod</command></term>
 248         <listitem>
 249           <para>Changes the permissions of each file to the given mode; the mode
 250           can be either a symbolic representation of the changes to make or an
 251           octal number representing the new permissions</para>
 252           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chmod">
 253             <primary sortas="b-chmod">chmod</primary>
 254           </indexterm>
 255         </listitem>
 256       </varlistentry>
 257
 258       <varlistentry id="chown">
 259         <term><command>chown</command></term>
 260         <listitem>
 261           <para>Changes the user and/or group ownership of files and
 262           directories</para>
 263           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chown">
 264             <primary sortas="b-chown">chown</primary>
 265           </indexterm>
 266         </listitem>
 267       </varlistentry>
 268
 269       <varlistentry id="chroot">
 270         <term><command>chroot</command></term>
 271         <listitem>
 272           <para>Runs a command with the specified directory as the
 273           <filename class="directory">/</filename> directory</para>
 274           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils chroot">
 275             <primary sortas="b-chroot">chroot</primary>
 276           </indexterm>
 277         </listitem>
 278       </varlistentry>
 279
 280       <varlistentry id="cksum">
 281         <term><command>cksum</command></term>
 282         <listitem>
 283           <para>Prints the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) checksum and the byte
 284           counts of each specified file</para>
 285           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cksum">
 286             <primary sortas="b-cksum">cksum</primary>
 287           </indexterm>
 288         </listitem>
 289       </varlistentry>
 290
 291       <varlistentry id="comm">
 292         <term><command>comm</command></term>
 293         <listitem>
 294           <para>Compares two sorted files, outputting in three columns the lines
 295           that are unique and the lines that are common</para>
 296           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils comm">
 297             <primary sortas="b-comm">comm</primary>
 298           </indexterm>
 299         </listitem>
 300       </varlistentry>
 301
 302       <varlistentry id="cp">
 303         <term><command>cp</command></term>
 304         <listitem>
 305           <para>Copies files</para>
 306           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cp">
 307             <primary sortas="b-cp">cp</primary>
 308           </indexterm>
 309         </listitem>
 310       </varlistentry>
 311
 312       <varlistentry id="csplit">
 313         <term><command>csplit</command></term>
 314         <listitem>
 315           <para>Splits a given file into several new files, separating them
 316           according to given patterns or line numbers and outputting the byte
 317           count of each new file</para>
 318           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils csplit">
 319             <primary sortas="b-csplit">csplit</primary>
 320           </indexterm>
 321         </listitem>
 322       </varlistentry>
 323
 324       <varlistentry id="cut">
 325         <term><command>cut</command></term>
 326         <listitem>
 327           <para>Prints sections of lines, selecting the parts according to given
 328           fields or positions</para>
 329           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils cut">
 330             <primary sortas="b-cut">cut</primary>
 331           </indexterm>
 332         </listitem>
 333       </varlistentry>
 334
 335       <varlistentry id="date">
 336         <term><command>date</command></term>
 337         <listitem>
 338           <para>Displays the current time in the given format, or sets the
 339           system date</para>
 340           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils date">
 341             <primary sortas="b-date">date</primary>
 342           </indexterm>
 343         </listitem>
 344       </varlistentry>
 345
 346       <varlistentry id="dd">
 347         <term><command>dd</command> </term>
 348         <listitem>
 349           <para>Copies a file using the given block size and count, while
 350           optionally performing conversions on it</para>
 351           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dd">
 352             <primary sortas="b-dd">dd</primary>
 353           </indexterm>
 354         </listitem>
 355       </varlistentry>
 356
 357       <varlistentry id="df">
 358         <term><command>df</command></term>
 359         <listitem>
 360           <para>Reports the amount of disk space available (and used) on all
 361           mounted file systems, or only on the file systems holding the selected
 362           files</para>
 363           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils df">
 364             <primary sortas="b-df">df</primary>
 365           </indexterm>
 366         </listitem>
 367       </varlistentry>
 368
 369       <varlistentry id="dir">
 370         <term><command>dir</command></term>
 371         <listitem>
 372           <para>Lists the contents of each given directory (the same as
 373           the <command>ls</command> command)</para>
 374           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dir">
 375             <primary sortas="b-dir">dir</primary>
 376           </indexterm>
 377         </listitem>
 378       </varlistentry>
 379
 380       <varlistentry id="dircolors">
 381         <term><command>dircolors</command></term>
 382         <listitem>
 383           <para>Outputs commands to set the <envar>LS_COLOR</envar>
 384           environment variable to change the color scheme used by
 385           <command>ls</command></para>
 386           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dircolors">
 387             <primary sortas="b-dircolors">dircolors</primary>
 388           </indexterm>
 389         </listitem>
 390       </varlistentry>
 391
 392       <varlistentry id="dirname">
 393         <term><command>dirname</command></term>
 394         <listitem>
 395           <para>Strips the non-directory suffix from a file name</para>
 396           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils dirname">
 397             <primary sortas="b-dirname">dirname</primary>
 398           </indexterm>
 399         </listitem>
 400       </varlistentry>
 401
 402       <varlistentry id="du">
 403         <term><command>du</command></term>
 404         <listitem>
 405           <para>Reports the amount of disk space used by the current directory,
 406           by each of the given directories (including all subdirectories) or by
 407           each of the given files</para>
 408           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils du">
 409             <primary sortas="b-du">du</primary>
 410           </indexterm>
 411         </listitem>
 412       </varlistentry>
 413
 414       <varlistentry id="echo">
 415         <term><command>echo</command></term>
 416         <listitem>
 417           <para>Displays the given strings</para>
 418           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils echo">
 419             <primary sortas="b-echo">echo</primary>
 420           </indexterm>
 421         </listitem>
 422       </varlistentry>
 423
 424       <varlistentry id="env">
 425         <term><command>env</command></term>
 426         <listitem>
 427           <para>Runs a command in a modified environment</para>
 428           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils env">
 429             <primary sortas="b-env">env</primary>
 430           </indexterm>
 431         </listitem>
 432       </varlistentry>
 433
 434       <varlistentry id="expand">
 435         <term><command>expand</command></term>
 436         <listitem>
 437           <para>Converts tabs to spaces</para>
 438           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expand">
 439             <primary sortas="b-expand">expand</primary>
 440           </indexterm>
 441         </listitem>
 442       </varlistentry>
 443
 444       <varlistentry id="expr">
 445         <term><command>expr</command></term>
 446         <listitem>
 447           <para>Evaluates expressions</para>
 448           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils expr">
 449             <primary sortas="b-expr">expr</primary>
 450           </indexterm>
 451         </listitem>
 452       </varlistentry>
 453
 454       <varlistentry id="factor">
 455         <term><command>factor</command></term>
 456         <listitem>
 457           <para>Prints the prime factors of all specified integer numbers</para>
 458           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils factor">
 459             <primary sortas="b-factor">factor</primary>
 460           </indexterm>
 461         </listitem>
 462       </varlistentry>
 463
 464       <varlistentry id="false">
 465         <term><command>false</command></term>
 466         <listitem>
 467           <para>Does nothing, unsuccessfully; it always exits with a status code
 468           indicating failure</para>
 469           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils false">
 470             <primary sortas="b-false">false</primary>
 471           </indexterm>
 472         </listitem>
 473       </varlistentry>
 474
 475       <varlistentry id="fmt">
 476         <term><command>fmt</command></term>
 477         <listitem>
 478           <para>Reformats the paragraphs in the given files</para>
 479           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fmt">
 480             <primary sortas="b-fmt">fmt</primary>
 481           </indexterm>
 482         </listitem>
 483       </varlistentry>
 484
 485       <varlistentry id="fold">
 486         <term><command>fold</command></term>
 487         <listitem>
 488           <para>Wraps the lines in the given files</para>
 489           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils fold">
 490             <primary sortas="b-fold">fold</primary>
 491           </indexterm>
 492         </listitem>
 493       </varlistentry>
 494
 495       <varlistentry id="groups">
 496         <term><command>groups</command></term>
 497         <listitem>
 498           <para>Reports a user's group memberships</para>
 499           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils groups">
 500             <primary sortas="b-groups">groups</primary>
 501           </indexterm>
 502         </listitem>
 503       </varlistentry>
 504
 505       <varlistentry id="head">
 506         <term><command>head</command></term>
 507         <listitem>
 508           <para>Prints the first ten lines (or the given number of lines)
 509           of each given file</para>
 510           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils head">
 511             <primary sortas="b-head">head</primary>
 512           </indexterm>
 513         </listitem>
 514       </varlistentry>
 515
 516       <varlistentry id="hostid">
 517         <term><command>hostid</command></term>
 518         <listitem>
 519           <para>Reports the numeric identifier (in hexadecimal) of the host</para>
 520           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils hostid">
 521             <primary sortas="b-hostid">hostid</primary>
 522           </indexterm>
 523         </listitem>
 524       </varlistentry>
 525
 526       <varlistentry id="id">
 527         <term><command>id</command></term>
 528         <listitem>
 529           <para>Reports the effective user ID, group ID, and group memberships
 530           of the current user or specified user</para>
 531           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils id">
 532             <primary sortas="b-id">id</primary>
 533           </indexterm>
 534         </listitem>
 535       </varlistentry>
 536
 537       <varlistentry id="install">
 538         <term><command>install</command> </term>
 539         <listitem>
 540           <para>Copies files while setting their permission modes and, if
 541           possible, their owner and group</para>
 542           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils install">
 543             <primary sortas="b-install">install</primary>
 544           </indexterm>
 545         </listitem>
 546       </varlistentry>
 547
 548       <varlistentry id="join">
 549         <term><command>join</command></term>
 550         <listitem>
 551           <para>Joins the lines that have identical join fields from two
 552           separate files</para>
 553           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils join">
 554             <primary sortas="b-join">join</primary>
 555           </indexterm>
 556         </listitem>
 557       </varlistentry>
 558
 559       <varlistentry id="link">
 560         <term><command>link</command></term>
 561         <listitem>
 562           <para>Creates a hard link with the given name to a file</para>
 563           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils link">
 564             <primary sortas="b-link">link</primary>
 565           </indexterm>
 566         </listitem>
 567       </varlistentry>
 568
 569       <varlistentry id="ln">
 570         <term><command>ln</command></term>
 571         <listitem>
 572           <para>Makes hard links or soft (symbolic) links between files</para>
 573           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ln">
 574             <primary sortas="b-ln">ln</primary>
 575           </indexterm>
 576         </listitem>
 577       </varlistentry>
 578
 579       <varlistentry id="logname">
 580         <term><command>logname</command></term>
 581         <listitem>
 582           <para>Reports the current user's login name</para>
 583           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils logname">
 584             <primary sortas="b-logname">logname</primary>
 585           </indexterm>
 586         </listitem>
 587       </varlistentry>
 588
 589       <varlistentry id="ls">
 590         <term><command>ls</command></term>
 591         <listitem>
 592           <para>Lists the contents of each given directory</para>
 593           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ls">
 594             <primary sortas="b-ls">ls</primary>
 595           </indexterm>
 596         </listitem>
 597       </varlistentry>
 598
 599       <varlistentry id="md5sum">
 600         <term><command>md5sum</command></term>
 601         <listitem>
 602           <para>Reports or checks Message Digest 5 (MD5) checksums</para>
 603           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils md5sum">
 604             <primary sortas="b-md5sum">md5sum</primary>
 605           </indexterm>
 606         </listitem>
 607       </varlistentry>
 608
 609       <varlistentry id="mkdir">
 610         <term><command>mkdir</command></term>
 611         <listitem>
 612           <para>Creates directories with the given names</para>
 613           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkdir">
 614             <primary sortas="b-mkdir">mkdir</primary>
 615           </indexterm>
 616         </listitem>
 617       </varlistentry>
 618
 619       <varlistentry id="mkfifo">
 620         <term><command>mkfifo</command></term>
 621         <listitem>
 622           <para>Creates First-In, First-Outs (FIFOs), a "named
 623           pipe" in UNIX parlance, with the given names</para>
 624           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mkfifo">
 625             <primary sortas="b-mkfifo">mkfifo</primary>
 626           </indexterm>
 627         </listitem>
 628       </varlistentry>
 629
 630       <varlistentry id="mknod">
 631         <term><command>mknod</command></term>
 632         <listitem>
 633           <para>Creates device nodes with the given names; a device node is a
 634           character special file, a block special file, or a FIFO</para>
 635           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mknod">
 636             <primary sortas="b-mknod">mknod</primary>
 637           </indexterm>
 638         </listitem>
 639       </varlistentry>
 640
 641       <varlistentry id="mktemp">
 642         <term><command>mktemp</command></term>
 643         <listitem>
 644           <para>Creates temporary files in a secure manner; it is used in scripts</para>
 645         <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mktemp">
 646           <primary sortas="b-mktemp">mktemp</primary>
 647         </indexterm>
 648        </listitem>
 649      </varlistentry>
 650
 651       <varlistentry id="mv">
 652         <term><command>mv</command></term>
 653         <listitem>
 654           <para>Moves or renames files or directories</para>
 655           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils mv">
 656             <primary sortas="b-mv">mv</primary>
 657           </indexterm>
 658         </listitem>
 659       </varlistentry>
 660
 661       <varlistentry id="nice">
 662         <term><command>nice</command></term>
 663         <listitem>
 664           <para>Runs a program with modified scheduling priority</para>
 665           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nice">
 666             <primary sortas="b-nice">nice</primary>
 667           </indexterm>
 668         </listitem>
 669       </varlistentry>
 670
 671       <varlistentry id="nl">
 672         <term><command>nl</command></term>
 673         <listitem>
 674           <para>Numbers the lines from the given files</para>
 675           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nl">
 676             <primary sortas="b-nl">nl</primary>
 677           </indexterm>
 678         </listitem>
 679       </varlistentry>
 680
 681       <varlistentry id="nohup">
 682         <term><command>nohup</command></term>
 683         <listitem>
 684           <para>Runs a command immune to hangups, with its output redirected to
 685           a log file</para>
 686           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nohup">
 687             <primary sortas="b-nohup">nohup</primary>
 688           </indexterm>
 689         </listitem>
 690       </varlistentry>
 691
 692       <varlistentry id="nproc">
 693         <term><command>nproc</command></term>
 694         <listitem>
 695           <para>Prints the number of processing units available to a
 696           process</para>
 697           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils nproc">
 698             <primary sortas="b-nproc">nproc</primary>
 699           </indexterm>
 700         </listitem>
 701       </varlistentry>
 702
 703       <varlistentry id="numfmt">
 704         <term><command>numfmt</command></term>
 705         <listitem>
 706           <para>Converts numbers to or from human-readable strings</para>
 707           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils numfmt">
 708             <primary sortas="b-numfmt">numfmt</primary>
 709           </indexterm>
 710         </listitem>
 711       </varlistentry>
 712
 713       <varlistentry id="od">
 714         <term><command>od</command></term>
 715         <listitem>
 716           <para>Dumps files in octal and other formats</para>
 717           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils od">
 718             <primary sortas="b-od">od</primary>
 719           </indexterm>
 720         </listitem>
 721       </varlistentry>
 722
 723       <varlistentry id="paste">
 724         <term><command>paste</command></term>
 725         <listitem>
 726           <para>Merges the given files, joining sequentially corresponding lines
 727           side by side, separated by tab characters</para>
 728           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils paste">
 729             <primary sortas="b-paste">paste</primary>
 730           </indexterm>
 731         </listitem>
 732       </varlistentry>
 733
 734       <varlistentry id="pathchk">
 735         <term><command>pathchk</command></term>
 736         <listitem>
 737           <para>Checks if file names are valid or portable</para>
 738           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pathchk">
 739             <primary sortas="b-pathchk">pathchk</primary>
 740           </indexterm>
 741         </listitem>
 742       </varlistentry>
 743
 744       <varlistentry id="pinky">
 745         <term><command>pinky</command></term>
 746         <listitem>
 747           <para>Is a lightweight finger client; it reports some information
 748           about the given users</para>
 749           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pinky">
 750             <primary sortas="b-pinky">pinky</primary>
 751           </indexterm>
 752         </listitem>
 753       </varlistentry>
 754
 755       <varlistentry id="pr">
 756         <term><command>pr</command></term>
 757         <listitem>
 758           <para>Paginates and columnates files for printing</para>
 759           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pr">
 760             <primary sortas="b-pr">pr</primary>
 761           </indexterm>
 762         </listitem>
 763       </varlistentry>
 764
 765       <varlistentry id="printenv">
 766         <term><command>printenv</command></term>
 767         <listitem>
 768           <para>Prints the environment</para>
 769           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printenv">
 770             <primary sortas="b-printenv">printenv</primary>
 771           </indexterm>
 772         </listitem>
 773       </varlistentry>
 774
 775       <varlistentry id="printf">
 776         <term><command>printf</command></term>
 777         <listitem>
 778           <para>Prints the given arguments according to the given format, much
 779           like the C printf function</para>
 780           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils printf">
 781             <primary sortas="b-printf">printf</primary>
 782           </indexterm>
 783         </listitem>
 784       </varlistentry>
 785
 786       <varlistentry id="ptx">
 787         <term><command>ptx</command></term>
 788         <listitem>
 789           <para>Produces a permuted index from the contents of the given files,
 790           with each keyword in its context</para>
 791           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils ptx">
 792             <primary sortas="b-ptx">ptx</primary>
 793           </indexterm>
 794         </listitem>
 795       </varlistentry>
 796
 797       <varlistentry id="pwd">
 798         <term><command>pwd</command></term>
 799         <listitem>
 800           <para>Reports the name of the current working directory</para>
 801           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils pwd">
 802             <primary sortas="b-pwd">pwd</primary>
 803           </indexterm>
 804         </listitem>
 805       </varlistentry>
 806
 807       <varlistentry id="readlink">
 808         <term><command>readlink</command></term>
 809         <listitem>
 810           <para>Reports the value of the given symbolic link</para>
 811           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils readlink">
 812             <primary sortas="b-readlink">readlink</primary>
 813           </indexterm>
 814         </listitem>
 815       </varlistentry>
 816
 817       <varlistentry id="realpath">
 818         <term><command>realpath</command></term>
 819         <listitem>
 820           <para>Prints the resolved path</para>
 821           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils realpath">
 822             <primary sortas="b-realpath">realpath</primary>
 823           </indexterm>
 824         </listitem>
 825       </varlistentry>
 826
 827       <varlistentry id="rm">
 828         <term><command>rm</command></term>
 829         <listitem>
 830           <para>Removes files or directories</para>
 831           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rm">
 832             <primary sortas="b-rm">rm</primary>
 833           </indexterm>
 834         </listitem>
 835       </varlistentry>
 836
 837       <varlistentry id="rmdir">
 838         <term><command>rmdir</command></term>
 839         <listitem>
 840           <para>Removes directories if they are empty</para>
 841           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils rmdir">
 842             <primary sortas="b-rmdir">rmdir</primary>
 843           </indexterm>
 844         </listitem>
 845       </varlistentry>
 846
 847       <varlistentry id="runcon">
 848         <term><command>runcon</command></term>
 849         <listitem>
 850           <para>Runs a command with specified security context</para>
 851           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils runcon">
 852             <primary sortas="b-runcon">runcon</primary>
 853           </indexterm>
 854         </listitem>
 855       </varlistentry>
 856
 857       <varlistentry id="seq">
 858         <term><command>seq</command></term>
 859         <listitem>
 860           <para>Prints a sequence of numbers within a given range and with a
 861           given increment</para>
 862           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils seq">
 863             <primary sortas="b-seq">seq</primary>
 864           </indexterm>
 865         </listitem>
 866       </varlistentry>
 867
 868       <varlistentry id="sha1sum">
 869         <term><command>sha1sum</command></term>
 870         <listitem>
 871           <para>Prints or checks 160-bit Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)
 872           checksums</para>
 873           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha1sum">
 874             <primary sortas="b-sha1sum">sha1sum</primary>
 875           </indexterm>
 876         </listitem>
 877       </varlistentry>
 878
 879       <varlistentry id="sha224sum">
 880         <term><command>sha224sum</command></term>
 881         <listitem>
 882           <para>Prints or checks 224-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
 883           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha224sum">
 884             <primary sortas="b-sha224sum">sha224sum</primary>
 885           </indexterm>
 886         </listitem>
 887       </varlistentry>
 888
 889       <varlistentry id="sha256sum">
 890         <term><command>sha256sum</command></term>
 891         <listitem>
 892           <para>Prints or checks 256-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
 893           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha256sum">
 894             <primary sortas="b-sha256sum">sha256sum</primary>
 895           </indexterm>
 896         </listitem>
 897       </varlistentry>
 898
 899       <varlistentry id="sha384sum">
 900         <term><command>sha384sum</command></term>
 901         <listitem>
 902           <para>Prints or checks 384-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
 903           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha384sum">
 904             <primary sortas="b-sha384sum">sha384sum</primary>
 905           </indexterm>
 906         </listitem>
 907       </varlistentry>
 908
 909       <varlistentry id="sha512sum">
 910         <term><command>sha512sum</command></term>
 911         <listitem>
 912           <para>Prints or checks 512-bit Secure Hash Algorithm checksums</para>
 913           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sha512sum">
 914             <primary sortas="b-sha512sum">sha512sum</primary>
 915           </indexterm>
 916         </listitem>
 917       </varlistentry>
 918
 919       <varlistentry id="shred">
 920         <term><command>shred</command></term>
 921         <listitem>
 922           <para>Overwrites the given files repeatedly with complex patterns,
 923           making it difficult to recover the data</para>
 924           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shred">
 925             <primary sortas="b-shred">shred</primary>
 926           </indexterm>
 927         </listitem>
 928       </varlistentry>
 929
 930       <varlistentry id="shuf">
 931         <term><command>shuf</command></term>
 932         <listitem>
 933           <para>Shuffles lines of text</para>
 934           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils shuf">
 935             <primary sortas="b-shuf">shuf</primary>
 936           </indexterm>
 937         </listitem>
 938       </varlistentry>
 939
 940       <varlistentry id="sleep">
 941         <term><command>sleep</command></term>
 942         <listitem>
 943           <para>Pauses for the given amount of time</para>
 944           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sleep">
 945             <primary sortas="b-sleep">sleep</primary>
 946           </indexterm>
 947         </listitem>
 948       </varlistentry>
 949
 950       <varlistentry id="sort">
 951         <term><command>sort</command></term>
 952         <listitem>
 953           <para>Sorts the lines from the given files</para>
 954           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sort">
 955             <primary sortas="b-sort">sort</primary>
 956           </indexterm>
 957         </listitem>
 958       </varlistentry>
 959
 960       <varlistentry id="split">
 961         <term><command>split</command></term>
 962         <listitem>
 963           <para>Splits the given file into pieces, by size or by number of
 964           lines</para>
 965           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils split">
 966             <primary sortas="b-split">split</primary>
 967           </indexterm>
 968         </listitem>
 969       </varlistentry>
 970
 971       <varlistentry id="stat">
 972         <term><command>stat</command></term>
 973         <listitem>
 974           <para>Displays file or filesystem status</para>
 975           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stat">
 976             <primary sortas="b-stat">stat</primary>
 977           </indexterm>
 978         </listitem>
 979       </varlistentry>
 980
 981       <varlistentry id="stdbuf">
 982         <term><command>stdbuf</command></term>
 983         <listitem>
 984           <para>Runs commands with altered buffering operations for its standard
 985           streams</para>
 986           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stdbuf">
 987             <primary sortas="b-stdbuf">stdbuf</primary>
 988           </indexterm>
 989         </listitem>
 990       </varlistentry>
 991
 992       <varlistentry id="stty">
 993         <term><command>stty</command></term>
 994         <listitem>
 995           <para>Sets or reports terminal line settings</para>
 996           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils stty">
 997             <primary sortas="b-stty">stty</primary>
 998           </indexterm>
 999         </listitem>
1000       </varlistentry>
1001
1002       <varlistentry id="sum">
1003         <term><command>sum</command></term>
1004         <listitem>
1005           <para>Prints checksum and block counts for each given file</para>
1006           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sum">
1007             <primary sortas="b-sum">sum</primary>
1008           </indexterm>
1009         </listitem>
1010       </varlistentry>
1011
1012       <varlistentry id="sync">
1013         <term><command>sync</command></term>
1014         <listitem>
1015           <para>Flushes file system buffers; it forces changed blocks to disk
1016           and updates the super block</para>
1017           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils sync">
1018             <primary sortas="b-sync">sync</primary>
1019           </indexterm>
1020         </listitem>
1021       </varlistentry>
1022
1023       <varlistentry id="tac">
1024         <term><command>tac</command></term>
1025         <listitem>
1026           <para>Concatenates the given files in reverse</para>
1027           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tac">
1028             <primary sortas="b-tac">tac</primary>
1029           </indexterm>
1030         </listitem>
1031       </varlistentry>
1032
1033       <varlistentry id="tail">
1034         <term><command>tail</command></term>
1035         <listitem>
1036           <para>Prints the last ten lines (or the given number of lines) of each
1037           given file</para>
1038           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tail">
1039             <primary sortas="b-tail">tail</primary>
1040           </indexterm>
1041         </listitem>
1042       </varlistentry>
1043
1044       <varlistentry id="tee">
1045         <term><command>tee</command></term>
1046         <listitem>
1047           <para>Reads from standard input while writing both to standard output
1048           and to the given files</para>
1049           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tee">
1050             <primary sortas="b-tee">tee</primary>
1051           </indexterm>
1052         </listitem>
1053       </varlistentry>
1054
1055       <varlistentry id="test">
1056         <term><command>test</command></term>
1057         <listitem>
1058           <para>Compares values and checks file types</para>
1059           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils test">
1060             <primary sortas="b-test">test</primary>
1061           </indexterm>
1062         </listitem>
1063       </varlistentry>
1064
1065       <varlistentry id="timeout">
1066         <term><command>timeout</command></term>
1067         <listitem>
1068           <para>Runs a command with a time limit</para>
1069           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils timeout">
1070             <primary sortas="b-timeout">timeout</primary>
1071           </indexterm>
1072         </listitem>
1073       </varlistentry>
1074
1075       <varlistentry id="touch">
1076         <term><command>touch</command></term>
1077         <listitem>
1078           <para>Changes file timestamps, setting the access and modification
1079           times of the given files to the current time; files that do not exist
1080           are created with zero length</para>
1081           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils touch">
1082             <primary sortas="b-touch">touch</primary>
1083           </indexterm>
1084         </listitem>
1085       </varlistentry>
1086
1087       <varlistentry id="tr">
1088         <term><command>tr</command></term>
1089         <listitem>
1090           <para>Translates, squeezes, and deletes the given characters from
1091           standard input</para>
1092           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tr">
1093             <primary sortas="b-tr">tr</primary>
1094           </indexterm>
1095         </listitem>
1096       </varlistentry>
1097
1098       <varlistentry id="true">
1099         <term><command>true</command></term>
1100         <listitem>
1101           <para>Does nothing, successfully; it always exits with a status code
1102           indicating success</para>
1103           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils true">
1104             <primary sortas="b-true">true</primary>
1105           </indexterm>
1106         </listitem>
1107       </varlistentry>
1108
1109       <varlistentry id="truncate">
1110         <term><command>truncate</command></term>
1111         <listitem>
1112           <para>Shrinks or expands a file to the specified size</para>
1113           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils truncate">
1114             <primary sortas="b-truncate">truncate</primary>
1115           </indexterm>
1116         </listitem>
1117       </varlistentry>
1118
1119       <varlistentry id="tsort">
1120         <term><command>tsort</command></term>
1121         <listitem>
1122           <para>Performs a topological sort; it writes a completely ordered list
1123           according to the partial ordering in a given file</para>
1124           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tsort">
1125             <primary sortas="b-tsort">tsort</primary>
1126           </indexterm>
1127         </listitem>
1128       </varlistentry>
1129
1130       <varlistentry id="tty">
1131         <term><command>tty</command></term>
1132         <listitem>
1133           <para>Reports the file name of the terminal connected to standard
1134           input</para>
1135           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils tty">
1136             <primary sortas="b-tty">tty</primary>
1137           </indexterm>
1138         </listitem>
1139       </varlistentry>
1140
1141       <varlistentry id="uname">
1142         <term><command>uname</command></term>
1143         <listitem>
1144           <para>Reports system information</para>
1145           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uname">
1146             <primary sortas="b-uname">uname</primary>
1147           </indexterm>
1148         </listitem>
1149       </varlistentry>
1150
1151       <varlistentry id="unexpand">
1152         <term><command>unexpand</command></term>
1153         <listitem>
1154           <para>Converts spaces to tabs</para>
1155           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unexpand">
1156             <primary sortas="b-unexpand">unexpand</primary>
1157           </indexterm>
1158         </listitem>
1159       </varlistentry>
1160
1161       <varlistentry id="uniq">
1162         <term><command>uniq</command></term>
1163         <listitem>
1164           <para>Discards all but one of successive identical lines</para>
1165           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils uniq">
1166             <primary sortas="b-uniq">uniq</primary>
1167           </indexterm>
1168         </listitem>
1169       </varlistentry>
1170
1171       <varlistentry id="unlink">
1172         <term><command>unlink</command></term>
1173         <listitem>
1174           <para>Removes the given file</para>
1175           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils unlink">
1176             <primary sortas="b-unlink">unlink</primary>
1177           </indexterm>
1178         </listitem>
1179       </varlistentry>
1180
1181       <varlistentry id="users">
1182         <term><command>users</command></term>
1183         <listitem>
1184           <para>Reports the names of the users currently logged on</para>
1185           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils users">
1186             <primary sortas="b-users">users</primary>
1187           </indexterm>
1188         </listitem>
1189       </varlistentry>
1190
1191       <varlistentry id="vdir">
1192         <term><command>vdir</command></term>
1193         <listitem>
1194           <para>Is the same as <command>ls -l</command></para>
1195           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils vdir">
1196             <primary sortas="b-vdir">vdir</primary>
1197           </indexterm>
1198         </listitem>
1199       </varlistentry>
1200
1201       <varlistentry id="wc">
1202         <term><command>wc</command></term>
1203         <listitem>
1204           <para>Reports the number of lines, words, and bytes for each given
1205           file, as well as a total line when more than one file is given</para>
1206           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils wc">
1207             <primary sortas="b-wc">wc</primary>
1208           </indexterm>
1209         </listitem>
1210       </varlistentry>
1211
1212       <varlistentry id="who">
1213         <term><command>who</command></term>
1214         <listitem>
1215           <para>Reports who is logged on</para>
1216           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils who">
1217             <primary sortas="b-who">who</primary>
1218           </indexterm>
1219         </listitem>
1220       </varlistentry>
1221
1222       <varlistentry id="whoami">
1223         <term><command>whoami</command></term>
1224         <listitem>
1225           <para>Reports the user name associated with the current effective
1226           user ID</para>
1227           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils whoami">
1228             <primary sortas="b-whoami">whoami</primary>
1229           </indexterm>
1230         </listitem>
1231       </varlistentry>
1232
1233       <varlistentry id="yes">
1234         <term><command>yes</command></term>
1235         <listitem>
1236           <para>Repeatedly outputs <quote>y</quote> or a given string until
1237           killed</para>
1238           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils yes">
1239             <primary sortas="b-yes">yes</primary>
1240           </indexterm>
1241         </listitem>
1242       </varlistentry>
1243
1244       <varlistentry id="libstdbuf">
1245         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libstdbuf</filename></term>
1246         <listitem>
1247           <para>Library used by <command>stdbuf</command></para>
1248           <indexterm zone="ch-system-coreutils libstdbuf">
1249             <primary sortas="c-libstdbuf">libstdbuf</primary>
1250           </indexterm>
1251         </listitem>
1252       </varlistentry>
1253
1254     </variablelist>
1255
1256   </sect2>
1257
1258 </sect1>