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2 <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
8 <sect1 id="ch-system-creatingdirs">
9 <?dbhtml filename="creatingdirs.html"?>
11 <title>Creating Directories</title>
13 <para>It is time to create some structure in the LFS file system. Create a
14 standard directory tree by issuing the following commands:</para>
16 <screen><userinput>mkdir -pv /{bin,boot,etc/{opt,sysconfig},home,lib/firmware,mnt,opt}
17 mkdir -pv /{media/{floppy,cdrom},sbin,srv,var}
18 install -dv -m 0750 /root
19 install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp
20 mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}
21 mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}
22 mkdir -v /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}
24 mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}
27 x86_64) ln -sv lib /lib64
29 ln -sv lib /usr/local/lib64 ;;
32 mkdir -v /var/{log,mail,spool}
34 ln -sv /run/lock /var/lock
35 mkdir -pv /var/{opt,cache,lib/{color,misc,locate},local}</userinput></screen>
37 <para>Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but
38 this is not desirable for all directories. In the commands above, two
39 changes are made—one to the home directory of user <systemitem
40 class="username">root</systemitem>, and another to the directories for
41 temporary files.</para>
43 <para>The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter
44 the <filename class="directory">/root</filename> directory—the
45 same as a normal user would do with his or her home directory. The
46 second mode change makes sure that any user can write to the
47 <filename class="directory">/tmp</filename> and <filename
48 class="directory">/var/tmp</filename> directories, but cannot remove
49 another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited by the so-called
50 <quote>sticky bit,</quote> the highest bit (1) in the 1777 bit mask.</para>
53 <title>FHS Compliance Note</title>
55 <para>The directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard
56 (FHS) (available at <ulink
57 url="https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/en/FHS"/>). The FHS also stipulates
58 the optional existence some directories such as <filename
59 class="directory">/usr/local/games</filename> and <filename
60 class="directory">/usr/share/games</filename>. We create only the
61 directories that are needed. However, feel free to create these