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2 <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3 "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4 <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
8 <sect1 id="ch-scripts-hosts">
9 <?dbhtml filename="hosts.html"?>
11 <title>Customizing the /etc/hosts File</title>
13 <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
14 <primary sortas="e-/etc/hosts">/etc/hosts</primary>
17 <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
18 <primary sortas="d-localnet">localnet</primary>
19 <secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm>
21 <indexterm zone="ch-scripts-hosts">
22 <primary sortas="d-network">network</primary>
23 <secondary>/etc/hosts</secondary></indexterm>
25 <para>If a network card is to be configured, decide on the IP address,
26 fully-qualified domain name (FQDN), and possible aliases for use in the
27 <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. The syntax is:</para>
29 <screen><literal>IP_address myhost.example.org aliases</literal></screen>
31 <para>Unless the computer is to be visible to the Internet (i.e.,
32 there is a registered domain and a valid block of assigned IP
33 addresses—most users do not have this), make sure that the IP
34 address is in the private network IP address range. Valid ranges
37 <screen><literal>Private Network Address Range Normal Prefix
38 10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254 8
39 172.x.0.1 - 172.x.255.254 16
40 192.168.y.1 - 192.168.y.254 24</literal></screen>
42 <para>x can be any number in the range 16-31. y can be any number in
43 the range 0-255.</para>
45 <para>A valid private IP address could be 192.168.1.1. A valid FQDN for this
46 IP could be lfs.example.org.</para>
48 <para>Even if not using a network card, a valid FQDN is still required.
49 This is necessary for certain programs to operate correctly.</para>
51 <para>Create the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
53 <screen><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
54 <literal># Begin /etc/hosts (network card version)
57 <replaceable><192.168.1.1></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable> <replaceable>[alias1] [alias2 ...]</replaceable>
59 # End /etc/hosts (network card version)</literal>
60 EOF</userinput></screen>
62 <para>The <replaceable><192.168.1.1></replaceable> and
63 <replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable>
64 values need to be changed for specific uses or requirements (if
65 assigned an IP address by a network/system administrator and the
66 machine will be connected to an existing network). The optional alias
67 name(s) can be omitted.</para>
69 <para>If a network card is not going to be configured, create the
70 <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:</para>
72 <screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
73 <literal># Begin /etc/hosts (no network card version)
75 127.0.0.1 <replaceable><HOSTNAME.example.org></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable> localhost
77 # End /etc/hosts (no network card version)</literal>
78 EOF</userinput></screen>