BOOK/chapter08/util-linux.xml

   1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
   2 <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
   3   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
   4   <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
   5   %general-entities;
   6 ]>
   7
   8 <sect1 id="ch-system-util-linux" role="wrap">
   9   <?dbhtml filename="util-linux.html"?>
  10
  11   <sect1info condition="script">
  12     <productname>util-linux</productname>
  13     <productnumber>&util-linux-version;</productnumber>
  14     <address>&util-linux-url;</address>
  15   </sect1info>
  16
  17   <title>Util-linux-&util-linux-version;</title>
  18
  19   <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux">
  20     <primary sortas="a-Util-linux">Util-linux</primary>
  21   </indexterm>
  22
  23   <sect2 role="package">
  24     <title/>
  25
  26     <para>The Util-linux package contains miscellaneous utility programs.
  27     Among them are utilities for handling file systems, consoles, partitions,
  28     and messages.</para>
  29
  30     <segmentedlist>
  31       <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
  32       <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
  33
  34       <seglistitem>
  35         <seg>&util-linux-fin-sbu;</seg>
  36         <seg>&util-linux-fin-du;</seg>
  37       </seglistitem>
  38     </segmentedlist>
  39
  40   </sect2>
  41
  42   <sect2 role="installation">
  43     <title>Installation of Util-linux</title>
  44
  45     <para>The FHS recommends using the <filename
  46     class="directory">/var/lib/hwclock</filename> directory instead of the
  47     usual <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> directory as the
  48     location for the <filename>adjtime</filename> file. Create this directory
  49     with:</para>
  50
  51 <screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -pv /var/lib/hwclock</userinput></screen>
  52
  53     <para>Prepare Util-linux for compilation:</para>
  54
  55 <screen revision="sysv"><userinput remap="configure">./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime   \
  56             --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version; \
  57             --disable-chfn-chsh  \
  58             --disable-login      \
  59             --disable-nologin    \
  60             --disable-su         \
  61             --disable-setpriv    \
  62             --disable-runuser    \
  63             --disable-pylibmount \
  64             --disable-static     \
  65             --without-python     \
  66             --without-systemd    \
  67             --without-systemdsystemunitdir</userinput></screen>
  68
  69 <screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="configure">./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime   \
  70             --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version; \
  71             --disable-chfn-chsh  \
  72             --disable-login      \
  73             --disable-nologin    \
  74             --disable-su         \
  75             --disable-setpriv    \
  76             --disable-runuser    \
  77             --disable-pylibmount \
  78             --disable-static     \
  79             --without-python</userinput></screen>
  80
  81     <para>The --disable and --without options prevent warnings about
  82     building components that require packages not in LFS or are
  83     inconsistent with programs installed by other packages.</para>
  84
  85     <para>Compile the package:</para>
  86
  87 <screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
  88
  89     <para>If desired, run the test suite as a non-root user:</para>
  90
  91     <warning><para>Running the test suite as the root user can be harmful to
  92     your system.  To run it, the CONFIG_SCSI_DEBUG option for the kernel must
  93     be available in the currently running system and must be built as a
  94     module.  Building it into the kernel will prevent booting.  For complete
  95     coverage, other BLFS packages must be installed.  If desired, this test can
  96     be run after rebooting into the completed LFS system and running:</para>
  97
  98 <screen role="nodump"><userinput>bash tests/run.sh --srcdir=$PWD --builddir=$PWD</userinput></screen>
  99     </warning>
 100
 101 <screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv tester .
 102 su tester -c "make -k check"</userinput></screen>
 103
 104     <para>Install the package:</para>
 105
 106 <screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
 107
 108   </sect2>
 109
 110   <sect2 id="contents-utillinux" role="content">
 111     <title>Contents of Util-linux</title>
 112
 113     <segmentedlist>
 114       <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
 115       <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
 116       <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
 117
 118       <seglistitem>
 119         <seg>addpart, agetty, blkdiscard, blkid, blkzone, blockdev, cal, cfdisk, chcpu,
 120         chmem, choom, chrt, col, colcrt, colrm, column, ctrlaltdel, delpart, dmesg,
 121         eject, fallocate, fdformat, fdisk, fincore, findfs, findmnt, flock, fsck,
 122         fsck.cramfs, fsck.minix, fsfreeze, fstrim, getopt, hexdump, hwclock,
 123         i386, ionice, ipcmk, ipcrm, ipcs, isosize, kill, last, lastb (link to
 124         last), ldattach, linux32, linux64, logger, look, losetup, lsblk, lscpu,
 125         lsipc, lslocks, lslogins, lsmem, lsns, mcookie, mesg, mkfs, mkfs.bfs, mkfs.cramfs, mkfs.minix, mkswap,
 126         more, mount, mountpoint, namei, nsenter, partx, pivot_root, prlimit, raw,
 127         readprofile, rename, renice, resizepart, rev, rfkill, rtcwake, script,
 128         scriptreplay, setarch, setsid, setterm, sfdisk, sulogin, swaplabel,
 129         swapoff (link to swapon), swapon, switch_root, taskset, ul,
 130         umount, uname26, unshare, utmpdump, uuidd, uuidgen, uuidparse, wall, wdctl, whereis,
 131         wipefs, x86_64, and zramctl</seg>
 132         <seg>libblkid.so, libfdisk.so, libmount.so,
 133         libsmartcols.so, and libuuid.so</seg>
 134         <seg>/usr/include/blkid,
 135              /usr/include/libfdisk,
 136              /usr/include/libmount,
 137              /usr/include/libsmartcols,
 138              /usr/include/uuid,
 139              /usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version;,
 140          and /var/lib/hwclock</seg>
 141       </seglistitem>
 142     </segmentedlist>
 143
 144     <variablelist>
 145       <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
 146       <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
 147       <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 148
 149       <varlistentry id="addpart">
 150         <term><command>addpart</command></term>
 151         <listitem>
 152           <para>Informs the Linux kernel of new partitions</para>
 153           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux addpart">
 154             <primary sortas="b-addpart">addpart</primary>
 155           </indexterm>
 156         </listitem>
 157       </varlistentry>
 158
 159       <varlistentry id="agetty">
 160         <term><command>agetty</command></term>
 161         <listitem>
 162           <para>Opens a tty port, prompts for a login name,
 163           and then invokes the <command>login</command> program</para>
 164           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux agetty">
 165             <primary sortas="b-agetty">agetty</primary>
 166           </indexterm>
 167         </listitem>
 168       </varlistentry>
 169
 170       <varlistentry id="blkdiscard">
 171         <term><command>blkdiscard</command></term>
 172         <listitem>
 173           <para>Discards sectors on a device</para>
 174           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blkdiscard">
 175             <primary sortas="b-blkdiscard">blkdiscard</primary>
 176           </indexterm>
 177         </listitem>
 178       </varlistentry>
 179
 180       <varlistentry id="blkid">
 181         <term><command>blkid</command></term>
 182         <listitem>
 183           <para>A command line utility to locate and print block device
 184           attributes</para>
 185           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blkid">
 186             <primary sortas="b-blkid">blkid</primary>
 187           </indexterm>
 188         </listitem>
 189       </varlistentry>
 190
 191       <varlistentry id="blkzone">
 192         <term><command>blkzone</command></term>
 193         <listitem>
 194           <para>Runs zone command on the given block device</para>
 195           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blkzone">
 196             <primary sortas="b-blkzone">blkzone</primary>
 197           </indexterm>
 198         </listitem>
 199       </varlistentry>
 200
 201       <varlistentry id="blockdev">
 202         <term><command>blockdev</command></term>
 203         <listitem>
 204           <para>Allows users to call block device ioctls from the command
 205           line</para>
 206           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blockdev">
 207             <primary sortas="b-blockdev">blockdev</primary>
 208           </indexterm>
 209         </listitem>
 210       </varlistentry>
 211
 212       <varlistentry id="cal">
 213         <term><command>cal</command></term>
 214         <listitem>
 215           <para>Displays a simple calendar</para>
 216           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cal">
 217             <primary sortas="b-cal">cal</primary>
 218           </indexterm>
 219         </listitem>
 220       </varlistentry>
 221
 222       <varlistentry id="cfdisk">
 223         <term><command>cfdisk</command></term>
 224         <listitem>
 225           <para>Manipulates the partition table of the given device</para>
 226           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cfdisk">
 227             <primary sortas="b-cfdisk">cfdisk</primary>
 228           </indexterm>
 229         </listitem>
 230       </varlistentry>
 231
 232       <varlistentry id="chcpu">
 233         <term><command>chcpu</command></term>
 234         <listitem>
 235           <para>Modifies the state of CPUs</para>
 236           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux chcpu">
 237             <primary sortas="b-chcpu">chcpu</primary>
 238           </indexterm>
 239         </listitem>
 240       </varlistentry>
 241
 242       <varlistentry id="chmem">
 243         <term><command>chmem</command></term>
 244         <listitem>
 245           <para>Configures memory</para>
 246           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux chmem">
 247             <primary sortas="b-chmem">chmem</primary>
 248           </indexterm>
 249         </listitem>
 250       </varlistentry>
 251
 252       <varlistentry id="choom">
 253         <term><command>choom</command></term>
 254         <listitem>
 255           <para>Displays and adjusts OOM-killer score</para>
 256           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux choom">
 257             <primary sortas="b-choom">choom</primary>
 258           </indexterm>
 259         </listitem>
 260       </varlistentry>
 261
 262       <varlistentry id="chrt">
 263         <term><command>chrt</command></term>
 264         <listitem>
 265           <para>Manipulates real-time attributes of a process</para>
 266           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux chrt">
 267             <primary sortas="b-chrt">chrt</primary>
 268           </indexterm>
 269         </listitem>
 270       </varlistentry>
 271
 272       <varlistentry id="col">
 273         <term><command>col</command></term>
 274         <listitem>
 275           <para>Filters out reverse line feeds</para>
 276           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux col">
 277             <primary sortas="b-col">col</primary>
 278           </indexterm>
 279         </listitem>
 280       </varlistentry>
 281
 282       <varlistentry id="colcrt">
 283         <term><command>colcrt</command></term>
 284         <listitem>
 285           <para>Filters <command>nroff</command> output for terminals
 286           that lack some capabilities, such as overstriking and half-lines</para>
 287           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colcrt">
 288             <primary sortas="b-colcrt">colcrt</primary>
 289           </indexterm>
 290         </listitem>
 291       </varlistentry>
 292
 293       <varlistentry id="colrm">
 294         <term><command>colrm</command></term>
 295         <listitem>
 296           <para>Filters out the given columns</para>
 297           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colrm">
 298             <primary sortas="b-colrm">colrm</primary>
 299           </indexterm>
 300         </listitem>
 301       </varlistentry>
 302
 303       <varlistentry id="column">
 304         <term><command>column</command></term>
 305         <listitem>
 306           <para>Formats a given file into multiple columns</para>
 307           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux column">
 308             <primary sortas="b-column">column</primary>
 309           </indexterm>
 310         </listitem>
 311       </varlistentry>
 312
 313       <varlistentry id="ctrlaltdel">
 314         <term><command>ctrlaltdel</command></term>
 315         <listitem>
 316           <para>Sets the function of the Ctrl+Alt+Del key combination to a
 317           hard or a soft reset</para>
 318           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ctrlaltdel">
 319             <primary sortas="b-ctrlaltdel">ctrlaltdel</primary>
 320           </indexterm>
 321         </listitem>
 322       </varlistentry>
 323
 324       <varlistentry id="delpart">
 325         <term><command>delpart</command></term>
 326         <listitem>
 327           <para>Asks the Linux kernel to remove a partition</para>
 328           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux delpart">
 329             <primary sortas="b-delpart">delpart</primary>
 330           </indexterm>
 331         </listitem>
 332       </varlistentry>
 333
 334       <varlistentry id="dmesg">
 335         <term><command>dmesg</command></term>
 336         <listitem>
 337           <para>Dumps the kernel boot messages</para>
 338           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux dmesg">
 339             <primary sortas="b-dmesg">dmesg</primary>
 340           </indexterm>
 341         </listitem>
 342       </varlistentry>
 343
 344       <varlistentry id="eject">
 345         <term><command>eject</command></term>
 346         <listitem>
 347           <para>Ejects removable media</para>
 348           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux eject">
 349             <primary sortas="b-eject">eject</primary>
 350           </indexterm>
 351         </listitem>
 352       </varlistentry>
 353
 354       <varlistentry id="fallocate">
 355         <term><command>fallocate</command></term>
 356         <listitem>
 357           <para>Preallocates space to a file</para>
 358           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fallocate">
 359             <primary sortas="b-fallocate">fallocate</primary>
 360           </indexterm>
 361         </listitem>
 362       </varlistentry>
 363
 364       <varlistentry id="fdformat">
 365         <term><command>fdformat</command></term>
 366         <listitem>
 367           <para>Low-level formats a floppy disk</para>
 368           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fdformat">
 369             <primary sortas="b-fdformat">fdformat</primary>
 370           </indexterm>
 371         </listitem>
 372       </varlistentry>
 373
 374       <varlistentry id="fdisk">
 375         <term><command>fdisk</command></term>
 376         <listitem>
 377           <para>Manipulates the partition table of the given device</para>
 378           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fdisk">
 379             <primary sortas="b-fdisk">fdisk</primary>
 380           </indexterm>
 381         </listitem>
 382       </varlistentry>
 383
 384       <varlistentry id="fincore">
 385         <term><command>fincore</command></term>
 386         <listitem>
 387           <para>Counts pages of file contents in core</para>
 388           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fincore">
 389             <primary sortas="b-fincore">fincore</primary>
 390           </indexterm>
 391         </listitem>
 392       </varlistentry>
 393
 394       <varlistentry id="findfs">
 395         <term><command>findfs</command></term>
 396         <listitem>
 397           <para>Finds a file system by label or Universally Unique Identifier
 398           (UUID)</para>
 399           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux findfs">
 400             <primary sortas="b-findfs">findfs</primary>
 401           </indexterm>
 402         </listitem>
 403       </varlistentry>
 404
 405       <varlistentry id="findmnt">
 406         <term><command>findmnt</command></term>
 407         <listitem>
 408           <para>Is a command line interface to the libmount library
 409           for work with mountinfo, fstab and mtab files</para>
 410           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux findmnt">
 411             <primary sortas="b-findmnt">findmnt</primary>
 412           </indexterm>
 413         </listitem>
 414       </varlistentry>
 415
 416       <varlistentry id="flock">
 417         <term><command>flock</command></term>
 418         <listitem>
 419           <para>Acquires a file lock and then executes a command with the lock
 420           held</para>
 421           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux flock">
 422             <primary sortas="b-flock">flock</primary>
 423           </indexterm>
 424         </listitem>
 425       </varlistentry>
 426
 427       <varlistentry id="fsck">
 428         <term><command>fsck</command></term>
 429         <listitem>
 430           <para>Is used to check, and optionally repair, file systems</para>
 431           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck">
 432             <primary sortas="b-fsck">fsck</primary>
 433           </indexterm>
 434         </listitem>
 435       </varlistentry>
 436
 437       <varlistentry id="fsck.cramfs">
 438         <term><command>fsck.cramfs</command></term>
 439         <listitem>
 440           <para>Performs a consistency check on the Cramfs file system on the
 441           given device</para>
 442           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.cramfs">
 443             <primary sortas="b-fsck.cramfs">fsck.cramfs</primary>
 444           </indexterm>
 445         </listitem>
 446       </varlistentry>
 447
 448       <varlistentry id="fsck.minix">
 449         <term><command>fsck.minix</command></term>
 450         <listitem>
 451           <para>Performs a consistency check on the Minix file system on the
 452           given device</para>
 453           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.minix">
 454             <primary sortas="b-fsck.minix">fsck.minix</primary>
 455           </indexterm>
 456         </listitem>
 457       </varlistentry>
 458
 459       <varlistentry id="fsfreeze">
 460         <term><command>fsfreeze</command></term>
 461         <listitem>
 462           <para>Is a very simple wrapper around FIFREEZE/FITHAW ioctl
 463           kernel driver operations</para>
 464           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsfreeze">
 465             <primary sortas="b-fsfreeze">fsfreeze</primary>
 466           </indexterm>
 467         </listitem>
 468       </varlistentry>
 469
 470       <varlistentry id="fstrim">
 471         <term><command>fstrim</command></term>
 472         <listitem>
 473           <para>Discards unused blocks on a mounted filesystem</para>
 474           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fstrim">
 475             <primary sortas="b-fstrim">fstrim</primary>
 476           </indexterm>
 477         </listitem>
 478       </varlistentry>
 479
 480       <varlistentry id="getopt">
 481         <term><command>getopt</command></term>
 482         <listitem>
 483           <para>Parses options in the given command line</para>
 484           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux getopt">
 485             <primary sortas="b-getopt">getopt</primary>
 486           </indexterm>
 487         </listitem>
 488       </varlistentry>
 489
 490       <varlistentry id="hexdump">
 491         <term><command>hexdump</command></term>
 492         <listitem>
 493           <para>Dumps the given file in hexadecimal or in another given
 494           format</para>
 495           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hexdump">
 496             <primary sortas="b-hexdump">hexdump</primary>
 497           </indexterm>
 498         </listitem>
 499       </varlistentry>
 500
 501       <varlistentry id="hwclock">
 502         <term><command>hwclock</command></term>
 503         <listitem>
 504           <para>Reads or sets the system's hardware clock, also called
 505           the Real-Time Clock (RTC) or Basic Input-Output System (BIOS)
 506           clock</para>
 507           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hwclock">
 508             <primary sortas="b-hwclock">hwclock</primary>
 509           </indexterm>
 510         </listitem>
 511       </varlistentry>
 512
 513       <varlistentry id="i386">
 514         <term><command>i386</command></term>
 515         <listitem>
 516           <para>A symbolic link to setarch</para>
 517           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux i386">
 518             <primary sortas="b-i386">i386</primary>
 519           </indexterm>
 520         </listitem>
 521       </varlistentry>
 522
 523       <varlistentry id="ionice">
 524         <term><command>ionice</command></term>
 525         <listitem>
 526           <para>Gets or sets the io scheduling class and priority for a program</para>
 527           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ionice">
 528             <primary sortas="b-ionice">ionice</primary>
 529           </indexterm>
 530         </listitem>
 531       </varlistentry>
 532
 533       <varlistentry id="ipcmk">
 534         <term><command>ipcmk</command></term>
 535         <listitem>
 536           <para>Creates various IPC resources</para>
 537           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcmk">
 538             <primary sortas="b-ipcmk">ipcmk</primary>
 539           </indexterm>
 540         </listitem>
 541       </varlistentry>
 542
 543       <varlistentry id="ipcrm">
 544         <term><command>ipcrm</command></term>
 545         <listitem>
 546           <para>Removes the given Inter-Process Communication (IPC) resource</para>
 547           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcrm">
 548             <primary sortas="b-ipcrm">ipcrm</primary>
 549           </indexterm>
 550         </listitem>
 551       </varlistentry>
 552
 553       <varlistentry id="ipcs">
 554         <term><command>ipcs</command></term>
 555         <listitem>
 556           <para>Provides IPC status information</para>
 557           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcs">
 558             <primary sortas="b-ipcs">ipcs</primary>
 559           </indexterm>
 560         </listitem>
 561       </varlistentry>
 562
 563       <varlistentry id="isosize">
 564         <term><command>isosize</command></term>
 565         <listitem>
 566           <para>Reports the size of an iso9660 file system</para>
 567           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux isosize">
 568             <primary sortas="b-isosize">isosize</primary>
 569           </indexterm>
 570         </listitem>
 571       </varlistentry>
 572
 573       <varlistentry id="kill">
 574         <term><command>kill</command></term>
 575         <listitem>
 576           <para>Sends signals to processes</para>
 577           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux kill">
 578             <primary sortas="b-kill">kill</primary>
 579           </indexterm>
 580         </listitem>
 581       </varlistentry>
 582
 583       <varlistentry id="last">
 584         <term><command>last</command></term>
 585         <listitem>
 586           <para>Shows which users last logged in (and out), searching back
 587           through the <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> file; it also shows
 588           system boots, shutdowns, and run-level changes</para>
 589           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux last">
 590             <primary sortas="b-last">last</primary>
 591           </indexterm>
 592         </listitem>
 593       </varlistentry>
 594
 595       <varlistentry id="lastb">
 596         <term><command>lastb</command></term>
 597         <listitem>
 598           <para>Shows the failed login attempts, as logged in
 599           <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename></para>
 600           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lastb">
 601             <primary sortas="b-lastb">lastb</primary>
 602           </indexterm>
 603         </listitem>
 604       </varlistentry>
 605
 606       <varlistentry id="ldattach">
 607         <term><command>ldattach</command></term>
 608         <listitem>
 609           <para>Attaches a line discipline to a serial line</para>
 610           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ldattach">
 611             <primary sortas="b-ldattach">ldattach</primary>
 612           </indexterm>
 613         </listitem>
 614       </varlistentry>
 615
 616       <varlistentry id="linux32">
 617         <term><command>linux32</command></term>
 618         <listitem>
 619           <para>A symbolic link to setarch</para>
 620           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux linux32">
 621             <primary sortas="b-linux32">linux32</primary>
 622           </indexterm>
 623         </listitem>
 624       </varlistentry>
 625
 626       <varlistentry id="linux64">
 627         <term><command>linux64</command></term>
 628         <listitem>
 629           <para>A symbolic link to setarch</para>
 630           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux linux64">
 631             <primary sortas="b-linux64">linux64</primary>
 632           </indexterm>
 633         </listitem>
 634       </varlistentry>
 635
 636       <varlistentry id="logger">
 637         <term><command>logger</command></term>
 638         <listitem>
 639           <para>Enters the given message into the system log</para>
 640           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux logger">
 641             <primary sortas="b-logger">logger</primary>
 642           </indexterm>
 643         </listitem>
 644       </varlistentry>
 645
 646       <varlistentry id="look">
 647         <term><command>look</command></term>
 648         <listitem>
 649           <para>Displays lines that begin with the given string</para>
 650           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux look">
 651             <primary sortas="b-look">look</primary>
 652           </indexterm>
 653         </listitem>
 654       </varlistentry>
 655
 656       <varlistentry id="losetup">
 657         <term><command>losetup</command></term>
 658         <listitem>
 659           <para>Sets up and controls loop devices</para>
 660           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux losetup">
 661             <primary sortas="b-losetup">losetup</primary>
 662           </indexterm>
 663         </listitem>
 664       </varlistentry>
 665
 666       <varlistentry id="lsblk">
 667         <term><command>lsblk</command></term>
 668         <listitem>
 669           <para>Lists information about all or selected block devices in
 670            a tree-like format</para>
 671           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsblk">
 672             <primary sortas="b-lsblk">lsblk</primary>
 673           </indexterm>
 674         </listitem>
 675       </varlistentry>
 676
 677       <varlistentry id="lscpu">
 678         <term><command>lscpu</command></term>
 679         <listitem>
 680           <para>Prints CPU architecture information</para>
 681           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lscpu">
 682             <primary sortas="b-lscpu">lscpu</primary>
 683           </indexterm>
 684         </listitem>
 685       </varlistentry>
 686
 687       <varlistentry id="lsipc">
 688         <term><command>lsipc</command></term>
 689         <listitem>
 690           <para>Prints information on IPC facilities currently employed
 691           in the system</para>
 692           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsipc">
 693             <primary sortas="b-lsipc">lsipc</primary>
 694           </indexterm>
 695         </listitem>
 696       </varlistentry>
 697
 698       <varlistentry id="lslocks">
 699         <term><command>lslocks</command></term>
 700         <listitem>
 701           <para>Lists local system locks</para>
 702           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lslocks">
 703             <primary sortas="b-lslocks">lslocks</primary>
 704           </indexterm>
 705         </listitem>
 706       </varlistentry>
 707
 708       <varlistentry id="lslogins">
 709         <term><command>lslogins</command></term>
 710         <listitem>
 711           <para>Lists information about users, groups and system accounts</para>
 712           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lslogins">
 713             <primary sortas="b-lslogins">lslogins</primary>
 714           </indexterm>
 715         </listitem>
 716       </varlistentry>
 717
 718       <varlistentry id="lsmem">
 719         <term><command>lsmem</command></term>
 720         <listitem>
 721           <para>Lists the ranges of available memory with their online
 722           status</para>
 723           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsmem">
 724             <primary sortas="b-lsmem">lsmem</primary>
 725           </indexterm>
 726         </listitem>
 727       </varlistentry>
 728
 729       <varlistentry id="lsns">
 730         <term><command>lsns</command></term>
 731         <listitem>
 732           <para>Lists namespaces</para>
 733           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsns">
 734             <primary sortas="b-lsns">lsns</primary>
 735           </indexterm>
 736         </listitem>
 737       </varlistentry>
 738
 739       <varlistentry id="mcookie">
 740         <term><command>mcookie</command></term>
 741         <listitem>
 742           <para>Generates magic cookies (128-bit random hexadecimal numbers) for
 743           <command>xauth</command></para>
 744           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mcookie">
 745             <primary sortas="b-mcookie">mcookie</primary>
 746           </indexterm>
 747         </listitem>
 748       </varlistentry>
 749
 750       <varlistentry id="mesg">
 751         <term><command>mesg</command></term>
 752         <listitem>
 753           <para>Controls whether other users can send messages to the current
 754           user's terminal</para>
 755           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mesg">
 756             <primary sortas="b-mesg">mesg</primary>
 757           </indexterm>
 758         </listitem>
 759       </varlistentry>
 760
 761       <varlistentry id="mkfs">
 762         <term><command>mkfs</command></term>
 763         <listitem>
 764           <para>Builds a file system on a device (usually a hard disk
 765           partition)</para>
 766           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs">
 767             <primary sortas="b-mkfs">mkfs</primary>
 768           </indexterm>
 769         </listitem>
 770       </varlistentry>
 771
 772       <varlistentry id="mkfs.bfs">
 773         <term><command>mkfs.bfs</command></term>
 774         <listitem>
 775           <para>Creates a Santa Cruz Operations (SCO) bfs file system</para>
 776           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.bfs">
 777             <primary sortas="b-mkfs.bfs">mkfs.bfs</primary>
 778           </indexterm>
 779         </listitem>
 780       </varlistentry>
 781
 782       <varlistentry id="mkfs.cramfs">
 783         <term><command>mkfs.cramfs</command></term>
 784         <listitem>
 785           <para>Creates a cramfs file system</para>
 786           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.cramfs">
 787             <primary sortas="b-mkfs.cramfs">mkfs.cramfs</primary>
 788           </indexterm>
 789         </listitem>
 790       </varlistentry>
 791
 792       <varlistentry id="mkfs.minix">
 793         <term><command>mkfs.minix</command></term>
 794         <listitem>
 795           <para>Creates a Minix file system</para>
 796           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.minix">
 797             <primary sortas="b-mkfs.minix">mkfs.minix</primary>
 798           </indexterm>
 799         </listitem>
 800       </varlistentry>
 801
 802       <varlistentry id="mkswap">
 803         <term><command>mkswap</command></term>
 804         <listitem>
 805           <para>Initializes the given device or file to be used as a swap
 806           area</para>
 807           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkswap">
 808             <primary sortas="b-mkswap">mkswap</primary>
 809           </indexterm>
 810         </listitem>
 811       </varlistentry>
 812
 813       <varlistentry id="more">
 814         <term><command>more</command></term>
 815         <listitem>
 816           <para>A filter for paging through text one screen at a time</para>
 817           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux more">
 818             <primary sortas="b-more">more</primary>
 819           </indexterm>
 820         </listitem>
 821       </varlistentry>
 822
 823       <varlistentry id="mount">
 824         <term><command>mount</command></term>
 825         <listitem>
 826           <para>Attaches the file system on the given device to a specified
 827           directory in the file-system tree</para>
 828           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mount">
 829             <primary sortas="b-mount">mount</primary>
 830           </indexterm>
 831         </listitem>
 832       </varlistentry>
 833
 834       <varlistentry id="mountpoint">
 835         <term><command>mountpoint</command></term>
 836         <listitem>
 837           <para>Checks if the directory is a mountpoint</para>
 838           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mountpoint">
 839             <primary sortas="b-mountpoint">mountpoint</primary>
 840           </indexterm>
 841         </listitem>
 842       </varlistentry>
 843
 844       <varlistentry id="namei">
 845         <term><command>namei</command></term>
 846         <listitem>
 847           <para>Shows the symbolic links in the given pathnames</para>
 848           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux namei">
 849             <primary sortas="b-namei">namei</primary>
 850           </indexterm>
 851         </listitem>
 852       </varlistentry>
 853
 854       <varlistentry id="nsenter">
 855         <term><command>nsenter</command></term>
 856         <listitem>
 857           <para>Runs a program with namespaces of other processes</para>
 858           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux nsenter">
 859             <primary sortas="b-nsenter">nsenter</primary>
 860           </indexterm>
 861         </listitem>
 862       </varlistentry>
 863
 864       <varlistentry id="partx">
 865         <term><command>partx</command></term>
 866         <listitem>
 867           <para>Tells the kernel about the presence and numbering of on-disk
 868           partitions</para>
 869           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux partx">
 870             <primary sortas="b-partx">partx</primary>
 871           </indexterm>
 872         </listitem>
 873       </varlistentry>
 874
 875       <varlistentry id="pivot_root">
 876         <term><command>pivot_root</command></term>
 877         <listitem>
 878           <para>Makes the given file system the new root file system of the
 879           current process</para>
 880           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux pivot_root">
 881             <primary sortas="b-pivot_root">pivot_root</primary>
 882           </indexterm>
 883         </listitem>
 884       </varlistentry>
 885
 886       <varlistentry id="prlimit">
 887         <term><command>prlimit</command></term>
 888         <listitem>
 889           <para>Get and set a process' resource limits</para>
 890           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux prlimit">
 891             <primary sortas="b-prlimit">prlimit</primary>
 892           </indexterm>
 893         </listitem>
 894       </varlistentry>
 895
 896       <varlistentry id="raw">
 897         <term><command>raw</command></term>
 898         <listitem>
 899           <para>Bind a Linux raw character device to a block device</para>
 900           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux raw">
 901             <primary sortas="b-raw">raw</primary>
 902           </indexterm>
 903         </listitem>
 904       </varlistentry>
 905
 906       <varlistentry id="readprofile">
 907         <term><command>readprofile</command></term>
 908         <listitem>
 909           <para>Reads kernel profiling information</para>
 910           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux readprofile">
 911             <primary sortas="b-readprofile">readprofile</primary>
 912           </indexterm>
 913         </listitem>
 914       </varlistentry>
 915
 916       <varlistentry id="rename">
 917         <term><command>rename</command></term>
 918         <listitem>
 919           <para>Renames the given files, replacing a given string with
 920           another</para>
 921           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rename">
 922             <primary sortas="b-rename">rename</primary>
 923           </indexterm>
 924         </listitem>
 925       </varlistentry>
 926
 927       <varlistentry id="renice">
 928         <term><command>renice</command></term>
 929         <listitem>
 930           <para>Alters the priority of running processes</para>
 931           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux renice">
 932             <primary sortas="b-renice">renice</primary>
 933           </indexterm>
 934         </listitem>
 935       </varlistentry>
 936
 937       <varlistentry id="resizepart">
 938         <term><command>resizepart</command></term>
 939         <listitem>
 940           <para>Asks the Linux kernel to resize a partition</para>
 941           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux resizepart">
 942             <primary sortas="b-resizepart">resizepart</primary>
 943           </indexterm>
 944         </listitem>
 945       </varlistentry>
 946
 947       <varlistentry id="rev">
 948         <term><command>rev</command></term>
 949         <listitem>
 950           <para>Reverses the lines of a given file</para>
 951           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rev">
 952             <primary sortas="b-rev">rev</primary>
 953           </indexterm>
 954         </listitem>
 955       </varlistentry>
 956
 957       <varlistentry id="rkfill">
 958         <term><command>rkfill</command></term>
 959         <listitem>
 960           <para>Tool for enabling and disabling wireless devices</para>
 961           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rkfill">
 962             <primary sortas="b-rkfill">rkfill</primary>
 963           </indexterm>
 964         </listitem>
 965       </varlistentry>
 966
 967       <varlistentry id="rtcwake">
 968         <term><command>rtcwake</command></term>
 969         <listitem>
 970           <para>Used to enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup
 971           time</para>
 972           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rtcwake">
 973             <primary sortas="b-rtcwake">rtcwake</primary>
 974           </indexterm>
 975         </listitem>
 976       </varlistentry>
 977
 978       <varlistentry id="script">
 979         <term><command>script</command></term>
 980         <listitem>
 981           <para>Makes a typescript of a terminal session</para>
 982           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux script">
 983             <primary sortas="b-script">script</primary>
 984           </indexterm>
 985         </listitem>
 986       </varlistentry>
 987
 988       <varlistentry id="scriptreplay">
 989         <term><command>scriptreplay</command></term>
 990         <listitem>
 991           <para>Plays back typescripts using timing information</para>
 992           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux scriptreplay">
 993             <primary sortas="b-scriptreplay">scriptreplay</primary>
 994           </indexterm>
 995         </listitem>
 996       </varlistentry>
 997
 998       <varlistentry id="setarch">
 999         <term><command>setarch</command></term>
1000         <listitem>
1001           <para>Changes reported architecture in a new program environment and
1002           sets personality flags</para>
1003           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setarch">
1004             <primary sortas="b-setarch">setarch</primary>
1005           </indexterm>
1006         </listitem>
1007       </varlistentry>
1008
1009       <varlistentry id="setsid">
1010         <term><command>setsid</command></term>
1011         <listitem>
1012           <para>Runs the given program in a new session</para>
1013           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setsid">
1014             <primary sortas="b-setsid">setsid</primary>
1015           </indexterm>
1016         </listitem>
1017       </varlistentry>
1018
1019       <varlistentry id="setterm">
1020         <term><command>setterm</command></term>
1021         <listitem>
1022           <para>Sets terminal attributes</para>
1023           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setterm">
1024             <primary sortas="b-setterm">setterm</primary>
1025           </indexterm>
1026         </listitem>
1027       </varlistentry>
1028
1029       <varlistentry id="sfdisk">
1030         <term><command>sfdisk</command></term>
1031         <listitem>
1032           <para>A disk partition table manipulator</para>
1033           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux sfdisk">
1034             <primary sortas="b-sfdisk">sfdisk</primary>
1035           </indexterm>
1036         </listitem>
1037       </varlistentry>
1038
1039       <varlistentry id="sulogin">
1040         <term><command>sulogin</command></term>
1041         <listitem>
1042           <para>Allows <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> to log in;
1043           it is normally invoked by <command>init</command> when the system goes
1044           into single user mode</para>
1045           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux sulogin">
1046             <primary sortas="b-sulogin">sulogin</primary>
1047           </indexterm>
1048         </listitem>
1049       </varlistentry>
1050
1051       <varlistentry id="swaplabel">
1052         <term><command>swaplabel</command></term>
1053         <listitem>
1054           <para>Allows to change swaparea UUID and label</para>
1055           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swaplabel">
1056             <primary sortas="b-swaplabel">swaplabel</primary>
1057           </indexterm>
1058         </listitem>
1059       </varlistentry>
1060
1061       <varlistentry id="swapoff">
1062         <term><command>swapoff</command></term>
1063         <listitem>
1064           <para>Disables devices and files for paging and swapping</para>
1065           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapoff">
1066             <primary sortas="b-swapoff">swapoff</primary>
1067           </indexterm>
1068         </listitem>
1069       </varlistentry>
1070
1071       <varlistentry id="swapon">
1072         <term><command>swapon</command></term>
1073         <listitem>
1074           <para>Enables devices and files for paging and swapping and
1075           lists the devices and files currently in use</para>
1076           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapon">
1077             <primary sortas="b-swapon">swapon</primary>
1078           </indexterm>
1079         </listitem>
1080       </varlistentry>
1081
1082       <varlistentry id="switch_root">
1083         <term><command>switch_root</command></term>
1084         <listitem>
1085           <para>Switches to another filesystem as the root of the mount tree</para>
1086           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux switch_root">
1087             <primary sortas="b-switch_root">switch_root</primary>
1088           </indexterm>
1089         </listitem>
1090       </varlistentry>
1091
1092       <varlistentry id="tailf">
1093         <term><command>tailf</command></term>
1094         <listitem>
1095           <para>Tracks the growth of a log file; displays the last 10 lines
1096           of a log file, then continues displaying any new entries in the
1097           log file as they are created</para>
1098           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux tailf">
1099             <primary sortas="b-tailf">tailf</primary>
1100           </indexterm>
1101         </listitem>
1102       </varlistentry>
1103
1104       <varlistentry id="taskset">
1105         <term><command>taskset</command></term>
1106         <listitem>
1107           <para>Retrieves or sets a process' CPU affinity</para>
1108           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux taskset">
1109             <primary sortas="b-taskset">taskset</primary>
1110           </indexterm>
1111         </listitem>
1112       </varlistentry>
1113
1114       <varlistentry id="ul">
1115         <term><command>ul</command></term>
1116         <listitem>
1117           <para>A filter for translating underscores into escape sequences
1118           indicating underlining for the terminal in use</para>
1119           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ul">
1120             <primary sortas="b-ul">ul</primary>
1121           </indexterm>
1122         </listitem>
1123       </varlistentry>
1124
1125       <varlistentry id="umount">
1126         <term><command>umount</command></term>
1127         <listitem>
1128           <para>Disconnects a file system from the system's file tree</para>
1129           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux umount">
1130             <primary sortas="b-umount">umount</primary>
1131           </indexterm>
1132         </listitem>
1133       </varlistentry>
1134
1135       <varlistentry id="uname26">
1136         <term><command>uname26</command></term>
1137         <listitem>
1138           <para>A symbolic link to setarch</para>
1139           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uname26">
1140             <primary sortas="b-uname26">uname26</primary>
1141           </indexterm>
1142         </listitem>
1143       </varlistentry>
1144
1145       <varlistentry id="unshare">
1146         <term><command>unshare</command></term>
1147         <listitem>
1148           <para>Runs a program with some namespaces unshared from parent</para>
1149           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux unshare">
1150             <primary sortas="b-unshare">unshare</primary>
1151           </indexterm>
1152         </listitem>
1153       </varlistentry>
1154
1155       <varlistentry id="utmpdump">
1156         <term><command>utmpdump</command></term>
1157         <listitem>
1158           <para>Displays the content of the given login file in a more
1159           user-friendly format</para>
1160           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux utmpdump">
1161             <primary sortas="b-utmpdump">utmpdump</primary>
1162           </indexterm>
1163         </listitem>
1164       </varlistentry>
1165
1166       <varlistentry id="uuidd">
1167         <term><command>uuidd</command></term>
1168         <listitem>
1169           <para>A daemon used by the UUID library to generate time-based
1170           UUIDs in a secure and guaranteed-unique fashion</para>
1171           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uuidd">
1172             <primary sortas="b-uuidd">uuidd</primary>
1173           </indexterm>
1174         </listitem>
1175       </varlistentry>
1176
1177       <varlistentry id="uuidgen">
1178         <term><command>uuidgen</command></term>
1179         <listitem>
1180           <para>Creates new UUIDs. Each new UUID can reasonably be considered
1181           unique among all UUIDs created, on the local system and on other
1182           systems, in the past and in the future</para>
1183           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uuidgen">
1184             <primary sortas="b-uuidgen">uuidgen</primary>
1185           </indexterm>
1186         </listitem>
1187       </varlistentry>
1188
1189       <varlistentry id="uuidparse">
1190         <term><command>uuidparse</command></term>
1191         <listitem>
1192           <para>An utility to parse unique identifiers</para>
1193           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uuidparse">
1194             <primary sortas="b-uuidparse">uuidparse</primary>
1195           </indexterm>
1196         </listitem>
1197       </varlistentry>
1198
1199       <varlistentry id="wall">
1200         <term><command>wall</command></term>
1201         <listitem>
1202           <para>Displays the contents of a file or, by default, its standard
1203           input, on the terminals of all currently logged in users</para>
1204           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux wall">
1205             <primary sortas="b-wall">wall</primary>
1206           </indexterm>
1207         </listitem>
1208       </varlistentry>
1209
1210       <varlistentry id="wdctl">
1211         <term><command>wdctl</command></term>
1212         <listitem>
1213           <para>Shows hardware watchdog status</para>
1214           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux wdctl">
1215             <primary sortas="b-wdctl">wdctl</primary>
1216           </indexterm>
1217         </listitem>
1218       </varlistentry>
1219
1220       <varlistentry id="whereis">
1221         <term><command>whereis</command></term>
1222         <listitem>
1223           <para>Reports the location of the binary, source, and man page
1224           for the given command</para>
1225           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux whereis">
1226             <primary sortas="b-whereis">whereis</primary>
1227           </indexterm>
1228         </listitem>
1229       </varlistentry>
1230
1231       <varlistentry id="wipefs">
1232         <term><command>wipefs</command></term>
1233         <listitem>
1234           <para>Wipes a filesystem signature from a device</para>
1235           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux wipefs">
1236             <primary sortas="b-wipefs">wipefs</primary>
1237           </indexterm>
1238         </listitem>
1239       </varlistentry>
1240
1241       <varlistentry id="x86_64">
1242         <term><command>x86_64</command></term>
1243         <listitem>
1244           <para>A symbolic link to setarch</para>
1245           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux x86_64">
1246             <primary sortas="b-x86_64">x86_64</primary>
1247           </indexterm>
1248         </listitem>
1249       </varlistentry>
1250
1251       <varlistentry id="zramctl">
1252         <term><command>zramctl</command></term>
1253         <listitem>
1254           <para>A program to set up and control zram (compressed ram disk)
1255           devices</para>
1256           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux zramctl">
1257             <primary sortas="b-zramctl">zramctl</primary>
1258           </indexterm>
1259         </listitem>
1260       </varlistentry>
1261
1262       <varlistentry id="libblkid">
1263         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libblkid</filename></term>
1264         <listitem>
1265           <para>Contains routines for device identification and token
1266           extraction</para>
1267           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libblkid">
1268             <primary sortas="c-libblkid">libblkid</primary>
1269           </indexterm>
1270         </listitem>
1271       </varlistentry>
1272
1273       <varlistentry id="libfdisk">
1274         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libfdisk</filename></term>
1275         <listitem>
1276           <para>Contains routines for manipulating partition tables</para>
1277           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libfdisk">
1278             <primary sortas="c-libfdisk">libfdisk</primary>
1279           </indexterm>
1280         </listitem>
1281       </varlistentry>
1282
1283       <varlistentry id="libmount">
1284         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmount</filename></term>
1285         <listitem>
1286           <para>Contains routines for block device mounting and
1287           unmounting</para>
1288           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libmount">
1289             <primary sortas="c-libmount">libmount</primary>
1290           </indexterm>
1291         </listitem>
1292       </varlistentry>
1293
1294       <varlistentry id="libsmartcols">
1295         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsmartcols</filename></term>
1296         <listitem>
1297           <para>Contains routines for aiding screen output in tabular form</para>
1298           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libsmartcols">
1299             <primary sortas="c-libsmartcols">libsmartcols</primary>
1300           </indexterm>
1301         </listitem>
1302       </varlistentry>
1303
1304       <varlistentry id="libuuid">
1305         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libuuid</filename></term>
1306         <listitem>
1307           <para>Contains routines for generating unique identifiers for objects
1308           that may be accessible beyond the local system</para>
1309           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libuuid">
1310             <primary sortas="c-libuuid">libuuid</primary>
1311           </indexterm>
1312         </listitem>
1313       </varlistentry>
1314
1315     </variablelist>
1316
1317   </sect2>
1318
1319 </sect1>