Remove reference to /dev/shm in fstab description
[linux_from_scratch.git] / chapter06 / glibc.xml
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
2 <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
3   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
4   <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
5   %general-entities;
6 ]>
8 <sect1 id="ch-system-glibc" role="wrap">
9   <?dbhtml filename="glibc.html"?>
11   <sect1info condition="script">
12     <productname>glibc</productname>
13     <productnumber>&glibc-version;</productnumber>
14     <address>&glibc-url;</address>
15   </sect1info>
17   <title>Glibc-&glibc-version;</title>
19   <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc">
20     <primary sortas="a-Glibc">Glibc</primary>
21   </indexterm>
23   <sect2 role="package">
24     <title/>
26     <para>The Glibc package contains the main C library. This library provides
27     the basic routines for allocating memory, searching directories, opening and
28     closing files, reading and writing files, string handling, pattern matching,
29     arithmetic, and so on.</para>
31     <segmentedlist>
32       <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
33       <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
35       <seglistitem>
36         <seg>&glibc-ch6-sbu;</seg>
37         <seg>&glibc-ch6-du;</seg>
38       </seglistitem>
39     </segmentedlist>
41   </sect2>
43   <sect2 role="installation">
44     <title>Installation of Glibc</title>
46     <note>
47       <para>Some packages outside of LFS suggest installing GNU libiconv in
48       order to translate data from one encoding to another. The project's
49       home page (<ulink url="http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/"/>) says
50       <quote>This library provides an <function>iconv()</function>
51       implementation, for use on systems which don't have one, or whose
52       implementation cannot convert from/to Unicode.</quote> Glibc provides
53       an <function>iconv()</function> implementation and can convert from/to
54       Unicode, therefore libiconv is not required on an LFS system.</para>
55     </note>
57     <para>The Glibc build system is self-contained and will install
58     perfectly, even though the compiler specs file and linker are still
59     pointing at <filename class="directory">/tools</filename>. The specs
60     and linker cannot be adjusted before the Glibc install because the
61     Glibc autoconf tests would give false results and defeat the goal
62     of achieving a clean build.</para>
64 <!--
65     This should have been fixed a long time ago.
67     <para>In the vi_VN.TCVN locale, <command>bash</command> enters an infinite
68     loop at startup. It is unknown whether this is a <command>bash</command>
69     bug or a Glibc problem. Disable installation of this locale in order to
70     avoid the problem:</para>
72 <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '/vi_VN.TCVN/d' localedata/SUPPORTED</userinput></screen>
73 -->
75     <para>When running <command>make install</command>, a script called
76     <filename>test-installation.pl</filename> performs a small sanity test on
77     our newly installed Glibc. However, because our toolchain still points to
78     the <filename class="directory">/tools</filename> directory, the sanity
79     test would be carried out against the wrong Glibc. We can force the script
80     to check the Glibc we have just installed with the following:</para>
82 <screen><userinput remap="pre">DL=$(readelf -l /bin/sh | sed -n 's@.*interpret.*/tools\(.*\)]$@\1@p')
83 sed -i &quot;s|libs -o|libs -L/usr/lib -Wl,-dynamic-linker=$DL -o|&quot; \
84         scripts/test-installation.pl
85 unset DL</userinput></screen>
87     <para>In addition, there is a bug in the
88     <filename>test-installation.pl</filename> script in that it tries to link
89     a test program to a library that isn't installed by
90     <command>make install</command>.  Issue the following <command>sed</command>
91     command to fix it:</para>
93     <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i -e 's/"db1"/&amp; \&amp;\&amp; $name ne "nss_test1"/' scripts/test-installation.pl</userinput></screen>
95     <para>The <command>ldd</command> shell script contains Bash-specific
96     syntax. Change its default program interpreter to <command>/bin/bash</command>
97     in case another <command>/bin/sh</command> is installed as described in the
98     <ulink url="&blfs-root;view/svn/postlfs/shells.html">Shells</ulink>
99     chapter of the BLFS book:</para>
101 <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i 's|@BASH@|/bin/bash|' elf/ldd.bash.in</userinput></screen>
103     <para>Fix a couple of bugs in Glibc that can cause crashes and core dumps:</para>
105 <screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-fixes-patch;</userinput></screen>
107     <para>Fix a bug that prevents Glibc from building with GCC-&gcc-version;:</para>
109 <screen><userinput remap="pre">patch -Np1 -i ../&glibc-gcc_fix-patch;</userinput></screen>
111     <para>Fix a stack imbalance that occurs under some conditions:</para>
113 <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -i '195,213 s/PRIVATE_FUTEX/FUTEX_CLOCK_REALTIME/' \
114 nptl/sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/pthread_rwlock_timed{rd,wr}lock.S</userinput></screen>
116     <para>The Glibc documentation recommends building Glibc outside of the source
117     directory in a dedicated build directory:</para>
119 <screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -v ../glibc-build
120 cd ../glibc-build</userinput></screen>
122     <para>As in Chapter 5, add the needed compiler flags to CFLAGS for x86 machines.
123     Here, the optimization of the library is also set for the gcc compiler to
124     enhance compilation speed (-pipe) and package performance (-O3).</para>
126 <screen><userinput remap="configure">case `uname -m` in
127   i?86) echo "CFLAGS += -march=i486 -mtune=native -O3 -pipe" &gt; configparms ;;
128 esac</userinput></screen>
130     <para>Prepare Glibc for compilation:</para>
132 <screen><userinput remap="configure">../glibc-&glibc-version;/configure --prefix=/usr \
133     --disable-profile --enable-add-ons \
134     --enable-kernel=2.6.25 --libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</userinput></screen>
136     <variablelist>
137       <title>The meaning of the new configure options:</title>
139       <varlistentry>
140         <term><parameter>--libexecdir=/usr/lib/glibc</parameter></term>
141         <listitem>
142           <para>This changes the location of the <command>pt_chown</command>
143           program from its default of <filename
144           class="directory">/usr/libexec</filename> to <filename
145           class="directory">/usr/lib/glibc</filename>.</para>
146         </listitem>
147       </varlistentry>
149     </variablelist>
151     <para>Compile the package:</para>
153 <screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
155     <important>
156       <para>In this section, the test suite for Glibc is considered critical.
157       Do not skip it under any circumstance.</para>
158     </important>
160     <para>Before running the tests, copy a file from the source tree into our
161     build tree to prevent a couple of test failures, then test the
162     results:</para>
164 <screen><userinput remap="test">cp -v ../glibc-&glibc-version;/iconvdata/gconv-modules iconvdata
165 make -k check 2&gt;&amp;1 | tee glibc-check-log
166 grep Error glibc-check-log</userinput></screen>
168     <para>You will probably see an expected (ignored) failure in the
169     <emphasis>posix/annexc</emphasis> test.  In addition the Glibc test suite
170     is somewhat dependent on the host system.  This is a list of the most
171     common issues:</para>
173     <itemizedlist>
174       <!-- Check again after updating from gcc-4.1.x -->
175       <!-- Haven;t seen this in quite a while <listitem>
176         <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-cancel1</emphasis> test will fail when
177         using the 4.1 series of GCC.</para>
178       </listitem> -->
179       <!-- Was true in glibc-2.3.6, rt/tst-cpuclock2 in glibc-2.11.1 -->
180       <listitem>
182         <para>The <emphasis>nptl/tst-clock2</emphasis>,
183         <emphasis>nptl/tst-attr3</emphasis>, and 
184         <emphasis>rt/tst-cpuclock2</emphasis>
185         tests have been known to fail.  The
186         reason is not completely understood, but indications are that minor
187         timing issues can trigger these failures.</para>
188       
189       </listitem>
190       <listitem>
191         <para>The math tests sometimes fail when running on
192         systems where the CPU is not a relatively new genuine Intel or
193         authentic AMD processor.</para>
194       </listitem>
195       <listitem>
196         <para>If you have mounted the LFS partition with the
197         <parameter>noatime</parameter> option, the <emphasis>atime</emphasis>
198         test will fail. As mentioned in <xref linkend="space-mounting"/>, do not
199         use the <parameter>noatime</parameter> option while building LFS.</para>
200       </listitem>
201       <listitem>
202         <para>When running on older and slower hardware or on systems under
203         load, some tests can fail because of test timeouts being exceeded.
204         Modifying the make check command to set a TIMEOUTFACTOR is reported to 
205         help eliminate these errors (e.g. <command>TIMEOUTFACTOR=16
206         make -k check</command>).</para>
207       </listitem>
208       <listitem>
209         <para>Other tests known to fail on some architectures are posix/bug-regex32, 
210         misc/tst-writev, elf/check-textrel, nptl/tst-getpid2, and stdio-common/bug22.</para>
211       </listitem>
212     </itemizedlist>
214     <para>Though it is a harmless message, the install stage of Glibc will
215     complain about the absence of <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename>.
216     Prevent this warning with:</para>
218 <screen><userinput remap="install">touch /etc/ld.so.conf</userinput></screen>
220     <para>Install the package:</para>
222 <screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
224     <para>The locales that can make the system respond in a different language
225     were not installed by the above command. None of the locales are required,
226     but if some of them are missing, test suites of the future packages would
227     skip important testcases.</para>
229     <para>Individual locales can be installed using the
230     <command>localedef</command> program. E.g., the first
231     <command>localedef</command> command below combines the
232     <filename>/usr/share/i18n/locales/cs_CZ</filename>
233     charset-independent locale definition with the
234     <filename>/usr/share/i18n/charmaps/UTF-8.gz</filename>
235     charmap definition and appends the result to the
236     <filename>/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive</filename> file.
237     The following instructions will install the minimum set of
238     locales necessary for the optimal coverage of tests:</para>
240 <screen role="nodump"><userinput remap="locale-test">mkdir -pv /usr/lib/locale
241 localedef -i cs_CZ -f UTF-8 cs_CZ.UTF-8
242 localedef -i de_DE -f ISO-8859-1 de_DE
243 localedef -i de_DE@euro -f ISO-8859-15 de_DE@euro
244 localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE.UTF-8
245 localedef -i en_HK -f ISO-8859-1 en_HK
246 localedef -i en_PH -f ISO-8859-1 en_PH
247 localedef -i en_US -f ISO-8859-1 en_US
248 localedef -i en_US -f UTF-8 en_US.UTF-8
249 localedef -i es_MX -f ISO-8859-1 es_MX
250 localedef -i fa_IR -f UTF-8 fa_IR
251 localedef -i fr_FR -f ISO-8859-1 fr_FR
252 localedef -i fr_FR@euro -f ISO-8859-15 fr_FR@euro
253 localedef -i fr_FR -f UTF-8 fr_FR.UTF-8
254 localedef -i it_IT -f ISO-8859-1 it_IT
255 localedef -i ja_JP -f EUC-JP ja_JP
256 localedef -i tr_TR -f UTF-8 tr_TR.UTF-8
257 localedef -i zh_CN -f GB18030 zh_CN.GB18030</userinput></screen>
259     <para>In addition, install the locale for your own country, language and
260     character set.</para>
262     <para>Alternatively, install all locales listed in the
263     <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
264     (it includes every locale listed above and many more) at once with the
265     following time-consuming command:</para>
267 <screen><userinput remap="locale-full">make localedata/install-locales</userinput></screen>
269     <para>Then use the <command>localedef</command> command to create and
270     install locales not listed in the
271     <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/localedata/SUPPORTED</filename> file
272     in the unlikely case you need them.</para>
273     <!-- The Live CD patches the localedata/SUPPORTED file instead of
274     running localedef, the results are equivalent -->
276   </sect2>
278   <sect2 id="conf-glibc" role="configuration">
279     <title>Configuring Glibc</title>
281     <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
282       <primary sortas="e-/etc/nsswitch.conf">/etc/nsswitch.conf</primary>
283     </indexterm>
285     <indexterm zone="conf-glibc">
286       <primary sortas="e-/etc/localtime">/etc/localtime</primary>
287     </indexterm>
289     <para>The <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> file needs to be created
290     because, although Glibc provides defaults when this file is missing or corrupt,
291     the Glibc defaults do not work well in a networked environment. The time zone
292     also needs to be configured.</para>
294     <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/nsswitch.conf</filename> by running the
295     following:</para>
297 <screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/nsswitch.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
298 <literal># Begin /etc/nsswitch.conf
300 passwd: files
301 group: files
302 shadow: files
304 hosts: files dns
305 networks: files
307 protocols: files
308 services: files
309 ethers: files
310 rpc: files
312 # End /etc/nsswitch.conf</literal>
313 EOF</userinput></screen>
315     <para>One way to determine the local time zone, run the following
316     script:</para>
318 <screen role="nodump"><userinput>tzselect</userinput></screen>
320     <para>After answering a few questions about the location, the script will
321     output the name of the time zone (e.g.,
322     <emphasis>America/Edmonton</emphasis>). There are also some other possible
323     timezones listed in <filename
324     class='directory'>/usr/share/zoneinfo</filename> such as
325     <emphasis>Canada/Eastern</emphasis> or <emphasis>EST5EDT</emphasis> that
326     are not identified by the script but can be used.</para>
328     <para>Then create the <filename>/etc/localtime</filename> file by
329     running:</para>
331 <screen><userinput>cp -v --remove-destination /usr/share/zoneinfo/<replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> \
332     /etc/localtime</userinput></screen>
334     <para>Replace <replaceable>&lt;xxx&gt;</replaceable> with the name of the
335     time zone selected (e.g., Canada/Eastern).</para>
337     <variablelist>
338       <title>The meaning of the cp option:</title>
340       <varlistentry>
341         <term><parameter>--remove-destination</parameter></term>
342         <listitem>
343           <para>This is needed to force removal of the already existing symbolic
344           link. The reason for copying the file instead of using a symlink is to
345           cover the situation where <filename class="directory">/usr</filename>
346           is on a separate partition. This could be important when booted into
347           single user mode.</para>
348         </listitem>
349       </varlistentry>
351     </variablelist>
353   </sect2>
355   <sect2 id="conf-ld" role="configuration">
356     <title>Configuring the Dynamic Loader</title>
358     <indexterm zone="conf-ld">
359       <primary sortas="e-/etc/ld.so.conf">/etc/ld.so.conf</primary>
360     </indexterm>
362     <para>By default, the dynamic loader (<filename
363     class="libraryfile">/lib/ld-linux.so.2</filename>) searches through
364     <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and <filename
365     class="directory">/usr/lib</filename> for dynamic libraries that are
366     needed by programs as they are run. However, if there are libraries in
367     directories other than <filename class="directory">/lib</filename> and
368     <filename class="directory">/usr/lib</filename>, these need to be added
369     to the <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> file in order for the
370     dynamic loader to find them. Two directories that are commonly known
371     to contain additional libraries are <filename
372     class="directory">/usr/local/lib</filename> and <filename
373     class="directory">/opt/lib</filename>, so add those directories to the
374     dynamic loader's search path.</para>
376     <para>Create a new file <filename>/etc/ld.so.conf</filename> by running the
377     following:</para>
379 <screen><userinput>cat &gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
380 <literal># Begin /etc/ld.so.conf
381 /usr/local/lib
382 /opt/lib
383 </literal>
384 EOF</userinput></screen>
386   <para>If desired, the dynamic loader can also search a directory and
387   include the contents of files found there.  Generally the files in 
388   this include directory are one line specifying the desired library path.
389   To add this capability run the following commands:</para>
391 <screen role="nodump"><userinput>cat &gt;&gt; /etc/ld.so.conf &lt;&lt; "EOF"
392 <literal># Add an include directory
393 include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf
394 </literal>
396 mkdir /etc/ld.so.conf.d</userinput></screen>
398   </sect2>
400   <sect2 id="contents-glibc" role="content">
401     <title>Contents of Glibc</title>
403     <segmentedlist>
404       <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
405       <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
406       <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
408       <seglistitem>
409         <seg>catchsegv, gencat, getconf, getent, iconv, iconvconfig, ldconfig,
410         ldd, lddlibc4, locale, localedef, mtrace, nscd, pcprofiledump,
411         pt_chown, rpcgen, rpcinfo, sln, sprof, tzselect, xtrace,
412         zdump, and zic</seg>
413         <seg>ld.so, libBrokenLocale.{a,so}, libSegFault.so, libanl.{a,so},
414         libbsd-compat.a, libc.{a,so}, libc_nonshared.a, libcidn.so,
415         libcrypt.{a,so}, libdl.{a,so}, libg.a, libieee.a, libm.{a,so},
416         libmcheck.a, libmemusage.so, libnsl.{a,so}, libnss_compat.so,
417         libnss_dns.so, libnss_files.so, libnss_hesiod.so, libnss_nis.so,
418         libnss_nisplus.so, libpcprofile.so, libpthread.{a,so},
419         libpthread_nonshared.a, libresolv.{a,so}, librpcsvc.a, librt.{a,so},
420         libthread_db.so, and libutil.{a,so}</seg>
421         <seg>/usr/include/arpa, /usr/include/bits, /usr/include/gnu,
422         /usr/include/net, /usr/include/netash, /usr/include/netatalk,
423         /usr/include/netax25, /usr/include/neteconet, /usr/include/netinet,
424         /usr/include/netipx, /usr/include/netiucv, /usr/include/netpacket,
425         /usr/include/netrom, /usr/include/netrose, /usr/include/nfs,
426         /usr/include/protocols, /usr/include/rpc, /usr/include/rpcsvc,
427         /usr/include/sys, /usr/lib/gconv, /usr/lib/glibc, /usr/lib/locale,
428         /usr/share/i18n, /usr/share/zoneinfo</seg>
429       </seglistitem>
430     </segmentedlist>
432     <variablelist>
433       <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
434       <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
435       <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
437       <varlistentry id="catchsegv">
438         <term><command>catchsegv</command></term>
439         <listitem>
440           <para>Can be used to create a stack trace when a program
441           terminates with a segmentation fault</para>
442           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc catchsegv">
443             <primary sortas="b-catchsegv">catchsegv</primary>
444           </indexterm>
445         </listitem>
446       </varlistentry>
448       <varlistentry id="gencat">
449         <term><command>gencat</command></term>
450         <listitem>
451           <para>Generates message catalogues</para>
452           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc gencat">
453             <primary sortas="b-gencat">gencat</primary>
454           </indexterm>
455         </listitem>
456       </varlistentry>
458       <varlistentry id="getconf">
459         <term><command>getconf</command></term>
460         <listitem>
461           <para>Displays the system configuration values for file system
462           specific variables</para>
463           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getconf">
464             <primary sortas="b-getconf">getconf</primary>
465           </indexterm>
466         </listitem>
467       </varlistentry>
469       <varlistentry id="getent">
470         <term><command>getent</command></term>
471         <listitem>
472           <para>Gets entries from an administrative database</para>
473           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc getent">
474             <primary sortas="b-getent">getent</primary>
475           </indexterm>
476         </listitem>
477       </varlistentry>
479       <varlistentry id="iconv">
480         <term><command>iconv</command></term>
481         <listitem>
482           <para>Performs character set conversion</para>
483           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconv">
484             <primary sortas="b-iconv">iconv</primary>
485           </indexterm>
486         </listitem>
487       </varlistentry>
489       <varlistentry id="iconvconfig">
490         <term><command>iconvconfig</command></term>
491         <listitem>
492           <para>Creates fastloading <command>iconv</command> module configuration
493           files</para>
494           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc iconvconfig">
495             <primary sortas="b-iconvconfig">iconvconfig</primary>
496           </indexterm>
497         </listitem>
498       </varlistentry>
500       <varlistentry id="ldconfig">
501         <term><command>ldconfig</command></term>
502         <listitem>
503           <para>Configures the dynamic linker runtime bindings</para>
504           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldconfig">
505             <primary sortas="b-ldconfig">ldconfig</primary>
506           </indexterm>
507         </listitem>
508       </varlistentry>
510       <varlistentry id="ldd">
511         <term><command>ldd</command></term>
512         <listitem>
513           <para>Reports which shared libraries are required
514           by each given program or shared library</para>
515           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ldd">
516             <primary sortas="b-ldd">ldd</primary>
517           </indexterm>
518         </listitem>
519       </varlistentry>
521       <varlistentry id="lddlibc4">
522         <term><command>lddlibc4</command></term>
523         <listitem>
524           <para>Assists <command>ldd</command> with object files</para>
525           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc lddlibc4">
526             <primary sortas="b-lddlibc4">lddlibc4</primary>
527           </indexterm>
528         </listitem>
529       </varlistentry>
531       <varlistentry id="locale">
532         <term><command>locale</command></term>
533         <listitem>
534           <para>Prints various information about the current locale</para>
535           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc locale">
536             <primary sortas="b-locale">locale</primary>
537           </indexterm>
538         </listitem>
539       </varlistentry>
541       <varlistentry id="localedef">
542         <term><command>localedef</command></term>
543         <listitem>
544           <para>Compiles locale specifications</para>
545           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc localedef">
546             <primary sortas="b-localedef">localedef</primary>
547           </indexterm>
548         </listitem>
549       </varlistentry>
551       <varlistentry id="mtrace">
552         <term><command>mtrace</command></term>
553         <listitem>
554           <para>Reads and interprets a memory trace file and displays a summary
555           in human-readable format</para>
556           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc mtrace">
557             <primary sortas="b-mtrace">mtrace</primary>
558           </indexterm>
559         </listitem>
560       </varlistentry>
562       <varlistentry id="nscd">
563         <term><command>nscd</command></term>
564         <listitem>
565           <para>A daemon that provides a cache for the most common name
566           service requests</para>
567           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc nscd">
568             <primary sortas="b-nscd">nscd</primary>
569           </indexterm>
570         </listitem>
571       </varlistentry>
573       <varlistentry id="pcprofiledump">
574         <term><command>pcprofiledump</command></term>
575         <listitem>
576           <para>Dumps information generated by PC profiling</para>
577           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pcprofiledump">
578             <primary sortas="b-pcprofiledump">pcprofiledump</primary>
579           </indexterm>
580         </listitem>
581       </varlistentry>
583       <varlistentry id="pt_chown">
584         <term><command>pt_chown</command></term>
585         <listitem>
586           <para>A helper program for <command>grantpt</command> to set the owner,
587           group and access permissions of a slave pseudo terminal</para>
588           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc pt_chown">
589             <primary sortas="b-pt_chown">pt_chown</primary>
590           </indexterm>
591         </listitem>
592       </varlistentry>
594       <varlistentry id="rpcgen">
595         <term><command>rpcgen</command></term>
596         <listitem>
597           <para>Generates C code to implement the Remote Procedure Call (RPC)
598           protocol</para>
599           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc rpcgen">
600             <primary sortas="b-rpcgen">rpcgen</primary>
601           </indexterm>
602         </listitem>
603       </varlistentry>
605       <varlistentry id="rpcinfo">
606         <term><command>rpcinfo</command></term>
607         <listitem>
608           <para>Makes an RPC call to an RPC server</para>
609           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc rpcinfo">
610             <primary sortas="b-rpcinfo">rpcinfo</primary>
611           </indexterm>
612         </listitem>
613       </varlistentry>
615       <varlistentry id="sln">
616         <term><command>sln</command></term>
617         <listitem>
618           <para>A statically linked <command>ln</command> program</para>
619           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sln">
620             <primary sortas="b-sln">sln</primary>
621           </indexterm>
622         </listitem>
623       </varlistentry>
625       <varlistentry id="sprof">
626         <term><command>sprof</command></term>
627         <listitem>
628           <para>Reads and displays shared object profiling data</para>
629           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc sprof">
630             <primary sortas="b-sprof">sprof</primary>
631           </indexterm>
632         </listitem>
633       </varlistentry>
635       <varlistentry id="tzselect">
636         <term><command>tzselect</command></term>
637         <listitem>
638           <para>Asks the user about the location of the system and reports
639           the corresponding time zone description</para>
640           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc tzselect">
641             <primary sortas="b-tzselect">tzselect</primary>
642           </indexterm>
643         </listitem>
644       </varlistentry>
646       <varlistentry id="xtrace">
647         <term><command>xtrace</command></term>
648         <listitem>
649           <para>Traces the execution of a program by printing the currently
650           executed function</para>
651           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc xtrace">
652             <primary sortas="b-xtrace">xtrace</primary>
653           </indexterm>
654         </listitem>
655       </varlistentry>
657       <varlistentry id="zdump">
658         <term><command>zdump</command></term>
659         <listitem>
660           <para>The time zone dumper</para>
661           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zdump">
662             <primary sortas="b-zdump">zdump</primary>
663           </indexterm>
664         </listitem>
665       </varlistentry>
667       <varlistentry id="zic">
668         <term><command>zic</command></term>
669         <listitem>
670           <para>The time zone compiler</para>
671           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc zic">
672             <primary sortas="b-zic">zic</primary>
673           </indexterm>
674         </listitem>
675       </varlistentry>
677       <varlistentry id="ld.so">
678         <term><filename class="libraryfile">ld.so</filename></term>
679         <listitem>
680           <para>The helper program for shared library executables</para>
681           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc ld.so">
682             <primary sortas="c-ld.so">ld.so</primary>
683           </indexterm>
684         </listitem>
685       </varlistentry>
687       <varlistentry id="libBrokenLocale">
688         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libBrokenLocale</filename></term>
689         <listitem>
690           <para>Used internally by Glibc as a gross hack to get broken programs
691           (e.g., some Motif applications) running. See comments in
692           <filename>glibc-&glibc-version;/locale/broken_cur_max.c</filename>
693           for more information</para>
694           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libBrokenLocale">
695             <primary sortas="c-libBrokenLocale">libBrokenLocale</primary>
696           </indexterm>
697         </listitem>
698       </varlistentry>
700       <varlistentry id="libSegFault">
701         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libSegFault</filename></term>
702         <listitem>
703           <para>The segmentation fault signal handler, used by
704           <command>catchsegv</command></para>
705           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libSegFault">
706             <primary sortas="c-libSegFault">libSegFault</primary>
707           </indexterm>
708         </listitem>
709       </varlistentry>
711       <varlistentry id="libanl">
712         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libanl</filename></term>
713         <listitem>
714           <para>An asynchronous name lookup library</para>
715           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libanl">
716             <primary sortas="c-libanl">libanl</primary>
717           </indexterm>
718         </listitem>
719       </varlistentry>
721       <varlistentry id="libbsd-compat">
722         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libbsd-compat</filename></term>
723         <listitem>
724           <para>Provides the portability needed in order to run certain
725           Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) programs under Linux</para>
726           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libbsd-compat">
727             <primary sortas="c-libbsd-compat">libbsd-compat</primary>
728           </indexterm>
729         </listitem>
730       </varlistentry>
732       <varlistentry id="libc">
733         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libc</filename></term>
734         <listitem>
735           <para>The main C library</para>
736           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libc">
737             <primary sortas="c-libc">libc</primary>
738           </indexterm>
739         </listitem>
740       </varlistentry>
742       <varlistentry id="libcidn">
743         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcidn</filename></term>
744         <listitem>
745           <para>Used internally by Glibc for handling internationalized domain
746           names in the <function>getaddrinfo()</function> function</para>
747           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcidn">
748             <primary sortas="c-libcidn">libcidn</primary>
749           </indexterm>
750         </listitem>
751       </varlistentry>
753       <varlistentry id="libcrypt">
754         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libcrypt</filename></term>
755         <listitem>
756           <para>The cryptography library</para>
757           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libcrypt">
758             <primary sortas="c-libcrypt">libcrypt</primary>
759           </indexterm>
760         </listitem>
761       </varlistentry>
763       <varlistentry id="libdl">
764         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libdl</filename></term>
765         <listitem>
766           <para>The dynamic linking interface library</para>
767           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libdl">
768             <primary sortas="c-libdl">libdl</primary>
769           </indexterm>
770         </listitem>
771       </varlistentry>
773       <varlistentry id="libg">
774         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libg</filename></term>
775         <listitem>
776           <para>Dummy library containing no functions. Previously was a runtime
777           library for <command>g++</command></para>
778           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libg">
779             <primary sortas="c-libg">libg</primary>
780           </indexterm>
781         </listitem>
782       </varlistentry>
784       <varlistentry id="libieee">
785         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libieee</filename></term>
786         <listitem>
787           <para>Linking in this module forces error handling rules for math
788           functions as defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic
789           Engineers (IEEE). The default is POSIX.1 error handling</para>
790           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libieee">
791             <primary sortas="c-libieee">libieee</primary>
792           </indexterm>
793         </listitem>
794       </varlistentry>
796       <varlistentry id="libm">
797         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libm</filename></term>
798         <listitem>
799           <para>The mathematical library</para>
800           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libm">
801             <primary sortas="c-libm">libm</primary>
802           </indexterm>
803         </listitem>
804       </varlistentry>
806       <varlistentry id="libmcheck">
807         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmcheck</filename></term>
808         <listitem>
809           <para>Turns on memory allocation checking when linked to</para>
810           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmcheck">
811             <primary sortas="c-libmcheck">libmcheck</primary>
812           </indexterm>
813         </listitem>
814       </varlistentry>
816       <varlistentry id="libmemusage">
817         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmemusage</filename></term>
818         <listitem>
819           <para>Used by <command>memusage</command> to help collect
820           information about the memory usage of a program</para>
821           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libmemusage">
822             <primary sortas="c-libmemusage">libmemusage</primary>
823           </indexterm>
824         </listitem>
825       </varlistentry>
827       <varlistentry id="libnsl">
828         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnsl</filename></term>
829         <listitem>
830           <para>The network services library</para>
831           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnsl">
832             <primary sortas="c-libnsl">libnsl</primary>
833           </indexterm>
834         </listitem>
835       </varlistentry>
837       <varlistentry id="libnss">
838         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libnss</filename></term>
839         <listitem>
840           <para>The Name Service Switch libraries, containing functions for
841           resolving host names, user names, group names, aliases, services,
842           protocols, etc.</para>
843           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libnss">
844             <primary sortas="c-libnss">libnss</primary>
845           </indexterm>
846         </listitem>
847       </varlistentry>
849       <varlistentry id="libpcprofile">
850         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpcprofile</filename></term>
851         <listitem>
852           <para>Contains profiling functions used to track the amount of CPU
853           time spent in specific source code lines</para>
854           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpcprofile">
855             <primary sortas="c-libpcprofile">libpcprofile</primary>
856           </indexterm>
857         </listitem>
858       </varlistentry>
860       <varlistentry id="libpthread">
861         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libpthread</filename></term>
862         <listitem>
863           <para>The POSIX threads library</para>
864           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libpthread">
865             <primary sortas="c-libpthread">libpthread</primary>
866           </indexterm>
867         </listitem>
868       </varlistentry>
870       <varlistentry id="libresolv">
871         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libresolv</filename></term>
872         <listitem>
873           <para>Contains functions for creating, sending, and interpreting
874           packets to the Internet domain name servers</para>
875           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libresolv">
876             <primary sortas="c-libresolv">libresolv</primary>
877           </indexterm>
878         </listitem>
879       </varlistentry>
881       <varlistentry id="librpcsvc">
882         <term><filename class="libraryfile">librpcsvc</filename></term>
883         <listitem>
884           <para>Contains functions providing miscellaneous RPC services</para>
885           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librpcsvc">
886             <primary sortas="c-librpcsvc">librpcsvc</primary>
887           </indexterm>
888         </listitem>
889       </varlistentry>
891       <varlistentry id="librt">
892         <term><filename class="libraryfile">librt</filename></term>
893         <listitem>
894           <para>Contains functions providing most of the interfaces specified
895           by the POSIX.1b Realtime Extension</para>
896           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc librt">
897             <primary sortas="c-librt">librt</primary>
898           </indexterm>
899         </listitem>
900       </varlistentry>
902       <varlistentry id="libthread_db">
903         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libthread_db</filename></term>
904         <listitem>
905           <para>Contains functions useful for building debuggers for
906           multi-threaded programs</para>
907           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libthread_db">
908             <primary sortas="c-libthread_db">libthread_db</primary>
909           </indexterm>
910         </listitem>
911       </varlistentry>
913       <varlistentry id="libutil">
914         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libutil</filename></term>
915         <listitem>
916           <para>Contains code for <quote>standard</quote> functions used in
917           many different Unix utilities</para>
918           <indexterm zone="ch-system-glibc libutil">
919             <primary sortas="c-libutil">libutil</primary>
920           </indexterm>
921         </listitem>
922       </varlistentry>
924     </variablelist>
926   </sect2>
928 </sect1>