chapter06/util-linux.xml

   1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
   2 <!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
   3   "http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd" [
   4   <!ENTITY % general-entities SYSTEM "../general.ent">
   5   %general-entities;
   6 ]>
   7
   8 <sect1 id="ch-system-util-linux" role="wrap">
   9   <?dbhtml filename="util-linux.html"?>
  10
  11   <sect1info condition="script">
  12     <productname>util-linux</productname>
  13     <productnumber>&util-linux-version;</productnumber>
  14     <address>&util-linux-url;</address>
  15   </sect1info>
  16
  17   <title>Util-linux-&util-linux-version;</title>
  18
  19   <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux">
  20     <primary sortas="a-Util-linux">Util-linux</primary>
  21   </indexterm>
  22
  23   <sect2 role="package">
  24     <title/>
  25
  26     <para>The Util-linux package contains miscellaneous utility programs.
  27     Among them are utilities for handling file systems, consoles, partitions,
  28     and messages.</para>
  29
  30     <segmentedlist>
  31       <segtitle>&buildtime;</segtitle>
  32       <segtitle>&diskspace;</segtitle>
  33
  34       <seglistitem>
  35         <seg>&util-linux-ch6-sbu;</seg>
  36         <seg>&util-linux-ch6-du;</seg>
  37       </seglistitem>
  38     </segmentedlist>
  39
  40   </sect2>
  41
  42   <sect2 role="installation">
  43     <title>FHS compliance notes</title>
  44
  45     <para>The FHS recommends using the <filename
  46     class="directory">/var/lib/hwclock</filename> directory instead of the
  47     usual <filename class="directory">/etc</filename> directory as the
  48     location for the <filename>adjtime</filename> file.  First create a directory
  49     to enable storage for the <command>hwclock</command> program:</para>
  50
  51 <screen><userinput remap="pre">mkdir -pv /var/lib/hwclock</userinput></screen>
  52
  53   </sect2>
  54
  55   <sect2 role="installation">
  56     <title>Installation of Util-linux</title>
  57 <!--
  58     <para>First, fix one of the regression tests:</para>
  59
  60 <screen><userinput remap="pre">sed -e 's/2^64/(2^64/' -e 's/E &lt;/E) &lt;=/' -e 's/ne /eq /' \
  61     -i tests/ts/ipcs/limits2</userinput></screen>
  62 -->
  63     <para>Remove the earlier created symlinks:</para>
  64
  65 <screen><userinput remap="pre">rm -vf /usr/include/{blkid,libmount,uuid}</userinput></screen>
  66
  67     <para>Prepare Util-linux for compilation:</para>
  68
  69 <screen revision="sysv"><userinput remap="configure">./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime   \
  70             --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version; \
  71             --disable-chfn-chsh  \
  72             --disable-login      \
  73             --disable-nologin    \
  74             --disable-su         \
  75             --disable-setpriv    \
  76             --disable-runuser    \
  77             --disable-pylibmount \
  78             --disable-static     \
  79             --without-python     \
  80             --without-systemd    \
  81             --without-systemdsystemunitdir</userinput></screen>
  82
  83 <screen revision="systemd"><userinput remap="configure">./configure ADJTIME_PATH=/var/lib/hwclock/adjtime   \
  84             --docdir=/usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version; \
  85             --disable-chfn-chsh  \
  86             --disable-login      \
  87             --disable-nologin    \
  88             --disable-su         \
  89             --disable-setpriv    \
  90             --disable-runuser    \
  91             --disable-pylibmount \
  92             --disable-static     \
  93             --without-python</userinput></screen>
  94
  95     <para>The --disable and --without options prevent warnings about
  96     building components that require packages not in LFS or are
  97     inconsistent with programs installed by other packages.</para>
  98
  99     <para>Compile the package:</para>
 100
 101 <screen><userinput remap="make">make</userinput></screen>
 102
 103     <para>If desired, run the test suite as a non-root user:</para>
 104
 105     <warning><para>Running the test suite as the root user can be harmful to
 106     your system.  To run it, the CONFIG_SCSI_DEBUG option for the kernel must
 107     be available in the currently running system, and must be built as a
 108     module.  Building it into the kernel will prevent booting.  For complete
 109     coverage, other BLFS packages must be installed.  If desired, this test can
 110     be run after rebooting into the completed LFS system and running:</para>
 111
 112     <screen role="nodump"><userinput>bash tests/run.sh --srcdir=$PWD --builddir=$PWD</userinput></screen>
 113     </warning>
 114
 115     <screen><userinput remap="test">chown -Rv nobody .
 116 su nobody -s /bin/bash -c "PATH=$PATH make -k check"</userinput></screen>
 117
 118     <para>Install the package:</para>
 119
 120 <screen><userinput remap="install">make install</userinput></screen>
 121
 122   </sect2>
 123
 124   <sect2 id="contents-utillinux" role="content">
 125     <title>Contents of Util-linux</title>
 126
 127     <segmentedlist>
 128       <segtitle>Installed programs</segtitle>
 129       <segtitle>Installed libraries</segtitle>
 130       <segtitle>Installed directories</segtitle>
 131
 132       <seglistitem>
 133         <seg>addpart, agetty, blkdiscard, blkid, blockdev, cal, cfdisk, chcpu,
 134         choom, chrt, col, colcrt, colrm, column, ctrlaltdel, delpart, dmesg,
 135         eject, fallocate, fdformat, fdisk, findfs, findmnt, flock, fsck,
 136         fsck.cramfs, fsck.minix, fsfreeze, fstrim, getopt, hexdump, hwclock,
 137         i386, ionice, ipcmk, ipcrm, ipcs, isosize, kill, last, lastb (link to
 138         last), ldattach, linux32, linux64, logger, look, losetup, lsblk, lscpu,
 139         lsipc, lslocks, lslogins, mcookie, mesg, mkfs, mkfs.bfs, mkfs.cramfs, mkfs.minix, mkswap,
 140         more, mount, mountpoint, namei, nsenter, partx, pg, pivot_root, prlimit, raw,
 141         readprofile, rename, renice, resizepart, rev, rtcwake, script,
 142         scriptreplay, setarch, setsid, setterm, sfdisk, sulogin, swaplabel,
 143         swapoff (link to swapon), swapon, switch_root, tailf, taskset, ul,
 144         umount, uname26, unshare, utmpdump, uuidd, uuidgen, wall, wdctl, whereis,
 145         wipefs, x86_64, and zramctl</seg>
 146         <seg>libblkid.so, libfdisk.so, libmount.so,
 147         libsmartcols.so, and libuuid.so</seg>
 148         <seg>/usr/include/blkid,
 149              /usr/include/libfdisk,
 150              /usr/include/libmount,
 151              /usr/include/libsmartcols,
 152              /usr/include/uuid,
 153              /usr/share/doc/util-linux-&util-linux-version;,
 154          and /var/lib/hwclock</seg>
 155       </seglistitem>
 156     </segmentedlist>
 157
 158     <variablelist>
 159       <bridgehead renderas="sect3">Short Descriptions</bridgehead>
 160       <?dbfo list-presentation="list"?>
 161       <?dbhtml list-presentation="table"?>
 162
 163       <varlistentry id="addpart">
 164         <term><command>addpart</command></term>
 165         <listitem>
 166           <para>Informs the Linux kernel of new partitions</para>
 167           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux addpart">
 168             <primary sortas="b-addpart">addpart</primary>
 169           </indexterm>
 170         </listitem>
 171       </varlistentry>
 172
 173       <varlistentry id="agetty">
 174         <term><command>agetty</command></term>
 175         <listitem>
 176           <para>Opens a tty port, prompts for a login name,
 177           and then invokes the <command>login</command> program</para>
 178           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux agetty">
 179             <primary sortas="b-agetty">agetty</primary>
 180           </indexterm>
 181         </listitem>
 182       </varlistentry>
 183
 184       <varlistentry id="blkdiscard">
 185         <term><command>blkdiscard</command></term>
 186         <listitem>
 187           <para>Discards sectors on a device</para>
 188           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blkdiscard">
 189             <primary sortas="b-blkdiscard">blkdiscard</primary>
 190           </indexterm>
 191         </listitem>
 192       </varlistentry>
 193
 194       <varlistentry id="blkid">
 195         <term><command>blkid</command></term>
 196         <listitem>
 197           <para>A command line utility to locate and print block device
 198           attributes</para>
 199           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blkid">
 200             <primary sortas="b-blkid">blkid</primary>
 201           </indexterm>
 202         </listitem>
 203       </varlistentry>
 204
 205       <varlistentry id="blockdev">
 206         <term><command>blockdev</command></term>
 207         <listitem>
 208           <para>Allows users to call block device ioctls from the command
 209           line</para>
 210           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux blockdev">
 211             <primary sortas="b-blockdev">blockdev</primary>
 212           </indexterm>
 213         </listitem>
 214       </varlistentry>
 215
 216       <varlistentry id="cal">
 217         <term><command>cal</command></term>
 218         <listitem>
 219           <para>Displays a simple calendar</para>
 220           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cal">
 221             <primary sortas="b-cal">cal</primary>
 222           </indexterm>
 223         </listitem>
 224       </varlistentry>
 225
 226       <varlistentry id="cfdisk">
 227         <term><command>cfdisk</command></term>
 228         <listitem>
 229           <para>Manipulates the partition table of the given device</para>
 230           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux cfdisk">
 231             <primary sortas="b-cfdisk">cfdisk</primary>
 232           </indexterm>
 233         </listitem>
 234       </varlistentry>
 235
 236       <varlistentry id="chcpu">
 237         <term><command>chcpu</command></term>
 238         <listitem>
 239           <para>Modifies the state of CPUs</para>
 240           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux chcpu">
 241             <primary sortas="b-chcpu">chcpu</primary>
 242           </indexterm>
 243         </listitem>
 244       </varlistentry>
 245
 246       <varlistentry id="choom">
 247         <term><command>choom</command></term>
 248         <listitem>
 249           <para>Displays and adjusts OOM-killer score</para>
 250           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux choom">
 251             <primary sortas="b-choom">choom</primary>
 252           </indexterm>
 253         </listitem>
 254       </varlistentry>
 255
 256       <varlistentry id="chrt">
 257         <term><command>chrt</command></term>
 258         <listitem>
 259           <para>Manipulates real-time attributes of a process</para>
 260           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux chrt">
 261             <primary sortas="b-chrt">chrt</primary>
 262           </indexterm>
 263         </listitem>
 264       </varlistentry>
 265
 266       <varlistentry id="col">
 267         <term><command>col</command></term>
 268         <listitem>
 269           <para>Filters out reverse line feeds</para>
 270           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux col">
 271             <primary sortas="b-col">col</primary>
 272           </indexterm>
 273         </listitem>
 274       </varlistentry>
 275
 276       <varlistentry id="colcrt">
 277         <term><command>colcrt</command></term>
 278         <listitem>
 279           <para>Filters <command>nroff</command> output for terminals
 280           that lack some capabilities, such as overstriking and half-lines</para>
 281           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colcrt">
 282             <primary sortas="b-colcrt">colcrt</primary>
 283           </indexterm>
 284         </listitem>
 285       </varlistentry>
 286
 287       <varlistentry id="colrm">
 288         <term><command>colrm</command></term>
 289         <listitem>
 290           <para>Filters out the given columns</para>
 291           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux colrm">
 292             <primary sortas="b-colrm">colrm</primary>
 293           </indexterm>
 294         </listitem>
 295       </varlistentry>
 296
 297       <varlistentry id="column">
 298         <term><command>column</command></term>
 299         <listitem>
 300           <para>Formats a given file into multiple columns</para>
 301           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux column">
 302             <primary sortas="b-column">column</primary>
 303           </indexterm>
 304         </listitem>
 305       </varlistentry>
 306
 307       <varlistentry id="ctrlaltdel">
 308         <term><command>ctrlaltdel</command></term>
 309         <listitem>
 310           <para>Sets the function of the Ctrl+Alt+Del key combination to a
 311           hard or a soft reset</para>
 312           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ctrlaltdel">
 313             <primary sortas="b-ctrlaltdel">ctrlaltdel</primary>
 314           </indexterm>
 315         </listitem>
 316       </varlistentry>
 317
 318       <varlistentry id="delpart">
 319         <term><command>delpart</command></term>
 320         <listitem>
 321           <para>Asks the Linux kernel to remove a partition</para>
 322           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux delpart">
 323             <primary sortas="b-delpart">delpart</primary>
 324           </indexterm>
 325         </listitem>
 326       </varlistentry>
 327
 328       <varlistentry id="dmesg">
 329         <term><command>dmesg</command></term>
 330         <listitem>
 331           <para>Dumps the kernel boot messages</para>
 332           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux dmesg">
 333             <primary sortas="b-dmesg">dmesg</primary>
 334           </indexterm>
 335         </listitem>
 336       </varlistentry>
 337
 338       <varlistentry id="eject">
 339         <term><command>eject</command></term>
 340         <listitem>
 341           <para>Ejects removable media</para>
 342           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux eject">
 343             <primary sortas="b-eject">eject</primary>
 344           </indexterm>
 345         </listitem>
 346       </varlistentry>
 347
 348       <varlistentry id="fallocate">
 349         <term><command>fallocate</command></term>
 350         <listitem>
 351           <para>Preallocates space to a file</para>
 352           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fallocate">
 353             <primary sortas="b-fallocate">fallocate</primary>
 354           </indexterm>
 355         </listitem>
 356       </varlistentry>
 357
 358       <varlistentry id="fdformat">
 359         <term><command>fdformat</command></term>
 360         <listitem>
 361           <para>Low-level formats a floppy disk</para>
 362           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fdformat">
 363             <primary sortas="b-fdformat">fdformat</primary>
 364           </indexterm>
 365         </listitem>
 366       </varlistentry>
 367
 368       <varlistentry id="fdisk">
 369         <term><command>fdisk</command></term>
 370         <listitem>
 371           <para>Manipulates the partition table of the given device</para>
 372           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fdisk">
 373             <primary sortas="b-fdisk">fdisk</primary>
 374           </indexterm>
 375         </listitem>
 376       </varlistentry>
 377
 378       <varlistentry id="findfs">
 379         <term><command>findfs</command></term>
 380         <listitem>
 381           <para>Finds a file system by label or Universally Unique Identifier
 382           (UUID)</para>
 383           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux findfs">
 384             <primary sortas="b-findfs">findfs</primary>
 385           </indexterm>
 386         </listitem>
 387       </varlistentry>
 388
 389       <varlistentry id="findmnt">
 390         <term><command>findmnt</command></term>
 391         <listitem>
 392           <para>Is a command line interface to the libmount library
 393           for work with mountinfo, fstab and mtab files</para>
 394           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux findmnt">
 395             <primary sortas="b-findmnt">findmnt</primary>
 396           </indexterm>
 397         </listitem>
 398       </varlistentry>
 399
 400       <varlistentry id="flock">
 401         <term><command>flock</command></term>
 402         <listitem>
 403           <para>Acquires a file lock and then executes a command with the lock
 404           held</para>
 405           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux flock">
 406             <primary sortas="b-flock">flock</primary>
 407           </indexterm>
 408         </listitem>
 409       </varlistentry>
 410
 411       <varlistentry id="fsck">
 412         <term><command>fsck</command></term>
 413         <listitem>
 414           <para>Is used to check, and optionally repair, file systems</para>
 415           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck">
 416             <primary sortas="b-fsck">fsck</primary>
 417           </indexterm>
 418         </listitem>
 419       </varlistentry>
 420
 421       <varlistentry id="fsck.cramfs">
 422         <term><command>fsck.cramfs</command></term>
 423         <listitem>
 424           <para>Performs a consistency check on the Cramfs file system on the
 425           given device</para>
 426           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.cramfs">
 427             <primary sortas="b-fsck.cramfs">fsck.cramfs</primary>
 428           </indexterm>
 429         </listitem>
 430       </varlistentry>
 431
 432       <varlistentry id="fsck.minix">
 433         <term><command>fsck.minix</command></term>
 434         <listitem>
 435           <para>Performs a consistency check on the Minix file system on the
 436           given device</para>
 437           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsck.minix">
 438             <primary sortas="b-fsck.minix">fsck.minix</primary>
 439           </indexterm>
 440         </listitem>
 441       </varlistentry>
 442
 443       <varlistentry id="fsfreeze">
 444         <term><command>fsfreeze</command></term>
 445         <listitem>
 446           <para>Is a very simple wrapper around FIFREEZE/FITHAW ioctl
 447           kernel driver operations</para>
 448           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fsfreeze">
 449             <primary sortas="b-fsfreeze">fsfreeze</primary>
 450           </indexterm>
 451         </listitem>
 452       </varlistentry>
 453
 454       <varlistentry id="fstrim">
 455         <term><command>fstrim</command></term>
 456         <listitem>
 457           <para>Discards unused blocks on a mounted filesystem</para>
 458           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux fstrim">
 459             <primary sortas="b-fstrim">fstrim</primary>
 460           </indexterm>
 461         </listitem>
 462       </varlistentry>
 463
 464       <varlistentry id="getopt">
 465         <term><command>getopt</command></term>
 466         <listitem>
 467           <para>Parses options in the given command line</para>
 468           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux getopt">
 469             <primary sortas="b-getopt">getopt</primary>
 470           </indexterm>
 471         </listitem>
 472       </varlistentry>
 473
 474       <varlistentry id="hexdump">
 475         <term><command>hexdump</command></term>
 476         <listitem>
 477           <para>Dumps the given file in hexadecimal or in another given
 478           format</para>
 479           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hexdump">
 480             <primary sortas="b-hexdump">hexdump</primary>
 481           </indexterm>
 482         </listitem>
 483       </varlistentry>
 484
 485       <varlistentry id="hwclock">
 486         <term><command>hwclock</command></term>
 487         <listitem>
 488           <para>Reads or sets the system's hardware clock, also called
 489           the Real-Time Clock (RTC) or Basic Input-Output System (BIOS)
 490           clock</para>
 491           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux hwclock">
 492             <primary sortas="b-hwclock">hwclock</primary>
 493           </indexterm>
 494         </listitem>
 495       </varlistentry>
 496
 497       <varlistentry id="i386">
 498         <term><command>i386</command></term>
 499         <listitem>
 500           <para>A symbolic link to setarch</para>
 501           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux i386">
 502             <primary sortas="b-i386">i386</primary>
 503           </indexterm>
 504         </listitem>
 505       </varlistentry>
 506
 507       <varlistentry id="ionice">
 508         <term><command>ionice</command></term>
 509         <listitem>
 510           <para>Gets or sets the io scheduling class and priority for a program</para>
 511           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ionice">
 512             <primary sortas="b-ionice">ionice</primary>
 513           </indexterm>
 514         </listitem>
 515       </varlistentry>
 516
 517       <varlistentry id="ipcmk">
 518         <term><command>ipcmk</command></term>
 519         <listitem>
 520           <para>Creates various IPC resources</para>
 521           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcmk">
 522             <primary sortas="b-ipcmk">ipcmk</primary>
 523           </indexterm>
 524         </listitem>
 525       </varlistentry>
 526
 527       <varlistentry id="ipcrm">
 528         <term><command>ipcrm</command></term>
 529         <listitem>
 530           <para>Removes the given Inter-Process Communication (IPC) resource</para>
 531           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcrm">
 532             <primary sortas="b-ipcrm">ipcrm</primary>
 533           </indexterm>
 534         </listitem>
 535       </varlistentry>
 536
 537       <varlistentry id="ipcs">
 538         <term><command>ipcs</command></term>
 539         <listitem>
 540           <para>Provides IPC status information</para>
 541           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ipcs">
 542             <primary sortas="b-ipcs">ipcs</primary>
 543           </indexterm>
 544         </listitem>
 545       </varlistentry>
 546
 547       <varlistentry id="isosize">
 548         <term><command>isosize</command></term>
 549         <listitem>
 550           <para>Reports the size of an iso9660 file system</para>
 551           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux isosize">
 552             <primary sortas="b-isosize">isosize</primary>
 553           </indexterm>
 554         </listitem>
 555       </varlistentry>
 556
 557       <varlistentry id="kill">
 558         <term><command>kill</command></term>
 559         <listitem>
 560           <para>Sends signals to processes</para>
 561           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux kill">
 562             <primary sortas="b-kill">kill</primary>
 563           </indexterm>
 564         </listitem>
 565       </varlistentry>
 566
 567       <varlistentry id="last">
 568         <term><command>last</command></term>
 569         <listitem>
 570           <para>Shows which users last logged in (and out), searching back
 571           through the <filename>/var/log/wtmp</filename> file; it also shows
 572           system boots, shutdowns, and run-level changes</para>
 573           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux last">
 574             <primary sortas="b-last">last</primary>
 575           </indexterm>
 576         </listitem>
 577       </varlistentry>
 578
 579       <varlistentry id="lastb">
 580         <term><command>lastb</command></term>
 581         <listitem>
 582           <para>Shows the failed login attempts, as logged in
 583           <filename>/var/log/btmp</filename></para>
 584           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lastb">
 585             <primary sortas="b-lastb">lastb</primary>
 586           </indexterm>
 587         </listitem>
 588       </varlistentry>
 589
 590       <varlistentry id="ldattach">
 591         <term><command>ldattach</command></term>
 592         <listitem>
 593           <para>Attaches a line discipline to a serial line</para>
 594           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ldattach">
 595             <primary sortas="b-ldattach">ldattach</primary>
 596           </indexterm>
 597         </listitem>
 598       </varlistentry>
 599
 600       <varlistentry id="linux32">
 601         <term><command>linux32</command></term>
 602         <listitem>
 603           <para>A symbolic link to setarch</para>
 604           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux linux32">
 605             <primary sortas="b-linux32">linux32</primary>
 606           </indexterm>
 607         </listitem>
 608       </varlistentry>
 609
 610       <varlistentry id="linux64">
 611         <term><command>linux64</command></term>
 612         <listitem>
 613           <para>A symbolic link to setarch</para>
 614           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux linux64">
 615             <primary sortas="b-linux64">linux64</primary>
 616           </indexterm>
 617         </listitem>
 618       </varlistentry>
 619
 620       <varlistentry id="logger">
 621         <term><command>logger</command></term>
 622         <listitem>
 623           <para>Enters the given message into the system log</para>
 624           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux logger">
 625             <primary sortas="b-logger">logger</primary>
 626           </indexterm>
 627         </listitem>
 628       </varlistentry>
 629
 630       <varlistentry id="look">
 631         <term><command>look</command></term>
 632         <listitem>
 633           <para>Displays lines that begin with the given string</para>
 634           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux look">
 635             <primary sortas="b-look">look</primary>
 636           </indexterm>
 637         </listitem>
 638       </varlistentry>
 639
 640       <varlistentry id="losetup">
 641         <term><command>losetup</command></term>
 642         <listitem>
 643           <para>Sets up and controls loop devices</para>
 644           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux losetup">
 645             <primary sortas="b-losetup">losetup</primary>
 646           </indexterm>
 647         </listitem>
 648       </varlistentry>
 649
 650       <varlistentry id="lsblk">
 651         <term><command>lsblk</command></term>
 652         <listitem>
 653           <para>Lists information about all or selected block devices in
 654            a tree-like format</para>
 655           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsblk">
 656             <primary sortas="b-lsblk">lsblk</primary>
 657           </indexterm>
 658         </listitem>
 659       </varlistentry>
 660
 661       <varlistentry id="lscpu">
 662         <term><command>lscpu</command></term>
 663         <listitem>
 664           <para>Prints CPU architecture information</para>
 665           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lscpu">
 666             <primary sortas="b-lscpu">lscpu</primary>
 667           </indexterm>
 668         </listitem>
 669       </varlistentry>
 670
 671       <varlistentry id="lsipc">
 672         <term><command>lsipc</command></term>
 673         <listitem>
 674           <para>Prints information on IPC facilities currently employed
 675           in the system</para>
 676           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lsipc">
 677             <primary sortas="b-lsipc">lsipc</primary>
 678           </indexterm>
 679         </listitem>
 680       </varlistentry>
 681
 682       <varlistentry id="lslocks">
 683         <term><command>lslocks</command></term>
 684         <listitem>
 685           <para>Lists local system locks</para>
 686           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lslocks">
 687             <primary sortas="b-lslocks">lslocks</primary>
 688           </indexterm>
 689         </listitem>
 690       </varlistentry>
 691
 692       <varlistentry id="lslogins">
 693         <term><command>lslogins</command></term>
 694         <listitem>
 695           <para>Lists information about users, groups and system accounts</para>
 696           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux lslogins">
 697             <primary sortas="b-lslogins">lslogins</primary>
 698           </indexterm>
 699         </listitem>
 700       </varlistentry>
 701
 702       <varlistentry id="mcookie">
 703         <term><command>mcookie</command></term>
 704         <listitem>
 705           <para>Generates magic cookies (128-bit random hexadecimal numbers) for
 706           <command>xauth</command></para>
 707           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mcookie">
 708             <primary sortas="b-mcookie">mcookie</primary>
 709           </indexterm>
 710         </listitem>
 711       </varlistentry>
 712
 713       <varlistentry id="mesg">
 714         <term><command>mesg</command></term>
 715         <listitem>
 716           <para>Controls whether other users can send messages to the current
 717           user's terminal</para>
 718           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mesg">
 719             <primary sortas="b-mesg">mesg</primary>
 720           </indexterm>
 721         </listitem>
 722       </varlistentry>
 723
 724       <varlistentry id="mkfs">
 725         <term><command>mkfs</command></term>
 726         <listitem>
 727           <para>Builds a file system on a device (usually a hard disk
 728           partition)</para>
 729           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs">
 730             <primary sortas="b-mkfs">mkfs</primary>
 731           </indexterm>
 732         </listitem>
 733       </varlistentry>
 734
 735       <varlistentry id="mkfs.bfs">
 736         <term><command>mkfs.bfs</command></term>
 737         <listitem>
 738           <para>Creates a Santa Cruz Operations (SCO) bfs file system</para>
 739           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.bfs">
 740             <primary sortas="b-mkfs.bfs">mkfs.bfs</primary>
 741           </indexterm>
 742         </listitem>
 743       </varlistentry>
 744
 745       <varlistentry id="mkfs.cramfs">
 746         <term><command>mkfs.cramfs</command></term>
 747         <listitem>
 748           <para>Creates a cramfs file system</para>
 749           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.cramfs">
 750             <primary sortas="b-mkfs.cramfs">mkfs.cramfs</primary>
 751           </indexterm>
 752         </listitem>
 753       </varlistentry>
 754
 755       <varlistentry id="mkfs.minix">
 756         <term><command>mkfs.minix</command></term>
 757         <listitem>
 758           <para>Creates a Minix file system</para>
 759           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkfs.minix">
 760             <primary sortas="b-mkfs.minix">mkfs.minix</primary>
 761           </indexterm>
 762         </listitem>
 763       </varlistentry>
 764
 765       <varlistentry id="mkswap">
 766         <term><command>mkswap</command></term>
 767         <listitem>
 768           <para>Initializes the given device or file to be used as a swap
 769           area</para>
 770           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mkswap">
 771             <primary sortas="b-mkswap">mkswap</primary>
 772           </indexterm>
 773         </listitem>
 774       </varlistentry>
 775
 776       <varlistentry id="more">
 777         <term><command>more</command></term>
 778         <listitem>
 779           <para>A filter for paging through text one screen at a time</para>
 780           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux more">
 781             <primary sortas="b-more">more</primary>
 782           </indexterm>
 783         </listitem>
 784       </varlistentry>
 785
 786       <varlistentry id="mount">
 787         <term><command>mount</command></term>
 788         <listitem>
 789           <para>Attaches the file system on the given device to a specified
 790           directory in the file-system tree</para>
 791           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mount">
 792             <primary sortas="b-mount">mount</primary>
 793           </indexterm>
 794         </listitem>
 795       </varlistentry>
 796
 797       <varlistentry id="mountpoint">
 798         <term><command>mountpoint</command></term>
 799         <listitem>
 800           <para>Checks if the directory is a mountpoint</para>
 801           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux mountpoint">
 802             <primary sortas="b-mountpoint">mountpoint</primary>
 803           </indexterm>
 804         </listitem>
 805       </varlistentry>
 806
 807       <varlistentry id="namei">
 808         <term><command>namei</command></term>
 809         <listitem>
 810           <para>Shows the symbolic links in the given pathnames</para>
 811           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux namei">
 812             <primary sortas="b-namei">namei</primary>
 813           </indexterm>
 814         </listitem>
 815       </varlistentry>
 816
 817       <varlistentry id="nsenter">
 818         <term><command>nsenter</command></term>
 819         <listitem>
 820           <para>Runs a program with namespaces of other processes</para>
 821           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux nsenter">
 822             <primary sortas="b-nsenter">nsenter</primary>
 823           </indexterm>
 824         </listitem>
 825       </varlistentry>
 826
 827       <varlistentry id="partx">
 828         <term><command>partx</command></term>
 829         <listitem>
 830           <para>Tells the kernel about the presence and numbering of on-disk
 831           partitions</para>
 832           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux partx">
 833             <primary sortas="b-partx">partx</primary>
 834           </indexterm>
 835         </listitem>
 836       </varlistentry>
 837
 838       <varlistentry id="pg">
 839         <term><command>pg</command></term>
 840         <listitem>
 841           <para>Displays a text file one screen full at a time</para>
 842           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux pg">
 843             <primary sortas="b-pg">pg</primary>
 844           </indexterm>
 845         </listitem>
 846       </varlistentry>
 847
 848       <varlistentry id="pivot_root">
 849         <term><command>pivot_root</command></term>
 850         <listitem>
 851           <para>Makes the given file system the new root file system of the
 852           current process</para>
 853           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux pivot_root">
 854             <primary sortas="b-pivot_root">pivot_root</primary>
 855           </indexterm>
 856         </listitem>
 857       </varlistentry>
 858
 859       <varlistentry id="prlimit">
 860         <term><command>prlimit</command></term>
 861         <listitem>
 862           <para>Get and set a process' resource limits</para>
 863           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux prlimit">
 864             <primary sortas="b-prlimit">prlimit</primary>
 865           </indexterm>
 866         </listitem>
 867       </varlistentry>
 868
 869       <varlistentry id="raw">
 870         <term><command>raw</command></term>
 871         <listitem>
 872           <para>Bind a Linux raw character device to a block device</para>
 873           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux raw">
 874             <primary sortas="b-raw">raw</primary>
 875           </indexterm>
 876         </listitem>
 877       </varlistentry>
 878
 879       <varlistentry id="readprofile">
 880         <term><command>readprofile</command></term>
 881         <listitem>
 882           <para>Reads kernel profiling information</para>
 883           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux readprofile">
 884             <primary sortas="b-readprofile">readprofile</primary>
 885           </indexterm>
 886         </listitem>
 887       </varlistentry>
 888
 889       <varlistentry id="rename">
 890         <term><command>rename</command></term>
 891         <listitem>
 892           <para>Renames the given files, replacing a given string with
 893           another</para>
 894           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rename">
 895             <primary sortas="b-rename">rename</primary>
 896           </indexterm>
 897         </listitem>
 898       </varlistentry>
 899
 900       <varlistentry id="renice">
 901         <term><command>renice</command></term>
 902         <listitem>
 903           <para>Alters the priority of running processes</para>
 904           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux renice">
 905             <primary sortas="b-renice">renice</primary>
 906           </indexterm>
 907         </listitem>
 908       </varlistentry>
 909
 910       <varlistentry id="resizepart">
 911         <term><command>resizepart</command></term>
 912         <listitem>
 913           <para>Asks the Linux kernel to resize a partition</para>
 914           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux resizepart">
 915             <primary sortas="b-resizepart">resizepart</primary>
 916           </indexterm>
 917         </listitem>
 918       </varlistentry>
 919
 920       <varlistentry id="rev">
 921         <term><command>rev</command></term>
 922         <listitem>
 923           <para>Reverses the lines of a given file</para>
 924           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rev">
 925             <primary sortas="b-rev">rev</primary>
 926           </indexterm>
 927         </listitem>
 928       </varlistentry>
 929
 930       <varlistentry id="rtcwake">
 931         <term><command>rtcwake</command></term>
 932         <listitem>
 933           <para>Used to enter a system sleep state until specified wakeup
 934           time</para>
 935           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux rtcwake">
 936             <primary sortas="b-rtcwake">rtcwake</primary>
 937           </indexterm>
 938         </listitem>
 939       </varlistentry>
 940
 941       <varlistentry id="script">
 942         <term><command>script</command></term>
 943         <listitem>
 944           <para>Makes a typescript of a terminal session</para>
 945           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux script">
 946             <primary sortas="b-script">script</primary>
 947           </indexterm>
 948         </listitem>
 949       </varlistentry>
 950
 951       <varlistentry id="scriptreplay">
 952         <term><command>scriptreplay</command></term>
 953         <listitem>
 954           <para>Plays back typescripts using timing information</para>
 955           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux scriptreplay">
 956             <primary sortas="b-scriptreplay">scriptreplay</primary>
 957           </indexterm>
 958         </listitem>
 959       </varlistentry>
 960
 961       <varlistentry id="setarch">
 962         <term><command>setarch</command></term>
 963         <listitem>
 964           <para>Changes reported architecture in a new program environment and
 965           sets personality flags</para>
 966           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setarch">
 967             <primary sortas="b-setarch">setarch</primary>
 968           </indexterm>
 969         </listitem>
 970       </varlistentry>
 971
 972       <varlistentry id="setsid">
 973         <term><command>setsid</command></term>
 974         <listitem>
 975           <para>Runs the given program in a new session</para>
 976           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setsid">
 977             <primary sortas="b-setsid">setsid</primary>
 978           </indexterm>
 979         </listitem>
 980       </varlistentry>
 981
 982       <varlistentry id="setterm">
 983         <term><command>setterm</command></term>
 984         <listitem>
 985           <para>Sets terminal attributes</para>
 986           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux setterm">
 987             <primary sortas="b-setterm">setterm</primary>
 988           </indexterm>
 989         </listitem>
 990       </varlistentry>
 991
 992       <varlistentry id="sfdisk">
 993         <term><command>sfdisk</command></term>
 994         <listitem>
 995           <para>A disk partition table manipulator</para>
 996           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux sfdisk">
 997             <primary sortas="b-sfdisk">sfdisk</primary>
 998           </indexterm>
 999         </listitem>
1000       </varlistentry>
1001
1002       <varlistentry id="sulogin">
1003         <term><command>sulogin</command></term>
1004         <listitem>
1005           <para>Allows <systemitem class="username">root</systemitem> to log in;
1006           it is normally invoked by <command>init</command> when the system goes
1007           into single user mode</para>
1008           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux sulogin">
1009             <primary sortas="b-sulogin">sulogin</primary>
1010           </indexterm>
1011         </listitem>
1012       </varlistentry>
1013
1014       <varlistentry id="swaplabel">
1015         <term><command>swaplabel</command></term>
1016         <listitem>
1017           <para>Allows to change swaparea UUID and label</para>
1018           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swaplabel">
1019             <primary sortas="b-swaplabel">swaplabel</primary>
1020           </indexterm>
1021         </listitem>
1022       </varlistentry>
1023
1024       <varlistentry id="swapoff">
1025         <term><command>swapoff</command></term>
1026         <listitem>
1027           <para>Disables devices and files for paging and swapping</para>
1028           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapoff">
1029             <primary sortas="b-swapoff">swapoff</primary>
1030           </indexterm>
1031         </listitem>
1032       </varlistentry>
1033
1034       <varlistentry id="swapon">
1035         <term><command>swapon</command></term>
1036         <listitem>
1037           <para>Enables devices and files for paging and swapping and
1038           lists the devices and files currently in use</para>
1039           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux swapon">
1040             <primary sortas="b-swapon">swapon</primary>
1041           </indexterm>
1042         </listitem>
1043       </varlistentry>
1044
1045       <varlistentry id="switch_root">
1046         <term><command>switch_root</command></term>
1047         <listitem>
1048           <para>Switches to another filesystem as the root of the mount tree</para>
1049           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux switch_root">
1050             <primary sortas="b-switch_root">switch_root</primary>
1051           </indexterm>
1052         </listitem>
1053       </varlistentry>
1054
1055       <varlistentry id="tailf">
1056         <term><command>tailf</command></term>
1057         <listitem>
1058           <para>Tracks the growth of a log file; displays the last 10 lines
1059           of a log file, then continues displaying any new entries in the
1060           log file as they are created</para>
1061           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux tailf">
1062             <primary sortas="b-tailf">tailf</primary>
1063           </indexterm>
1064         </listitem>
1065       </varlistentry>
1066
1067       <varlistentry id="taskset">
1068         <term><command>taskset</command></term>
1069         <listitem>
1070           <para>Retrieves or sets a process' CPU affinity</para>
1071           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux taskset">
1072             <primary sortas="b-taskset">taskset</primary>
1073           </indexterm>
1074         </listitem>
1075       </varlistentry>
1076
1077       <varlistentry id="ul">
1078         <term><command>ul</command></term>
1079         <listitem>
1080           <para>A filter for translating underscores into escape sequences
1081           indicating underlining for the terminal in use</para>
1082           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux ul">
1083             <primary sortas="b-ul">ul</primary>
1084           </indexterm>
1085         </listitem>
1086       </varlistentry>
1087
1088       <varlistentry id="umount">
1089         <term><command>umount</command></term>
1090         <listitem>
1091           <para>Disconnects a file system from the system's file tree</para>
1092           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux umount">
1093             <primary sortas="b-umount">umount</primary>
1094           </indexterm>
1095         </listitem>
1096       </varlistentry>
1097
1098       <varlistentry id="uname26">
1099         <term><command>uname26</command></term>
1100         <listitem>
1101           <para>A symbolic link to setarch</para>
1102           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uname26">
1103             <primary sortas="b-uname26">uname26</primary>
1104           </indexterm>
1105         </listitem>
1106       </varlistentry>
1107
1108       <varlistentry id="unshare">
1109         <term><command>unshare</command></term>
1110         <listitem>
1111           <para>Runs a program with some namespaces unshared from parent</para>
1112           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux unshare">
1113             <primary sortas="b-unshare">unshare</primary>
1114           </indexterm>
1115         </listitem>
1116       </varlistentry>
1117
1118       <varlistentry id="utmpdump">
1119         <term><command>utmpdump</command></term>
1120         <listitem>
1121           <para>Displays the content of the given login file in a more
1122           user-friendly format</para>
1123           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux utmpdump">
1124             <primary sortas="b-utmpdump">utmpdump</primary>
1125           </indexterm>
1126         </listitem>
1127       </varlistentry>
1128
1129       <varlistentry id="uuidd">
1130         <term><command>uuidd</command></term>
1131         <listitem>
1132           <para>A daemon used by the UUID library to generate time-based
1133           UUIDs in a secure and guaranteed-unique fashion</para>
1134           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uuidd">
1135             <primary sortas="b-uuidd">uuidd</primary>
1136           </indexterm>
1137         </listitem>
1138       </varlistentry>
1139
1140       <varlistentry id="uuidgen">
1141         <term><command>uuidgen</command></term>
1142         <listitem>
1143           <para>Creates new UUIDs. Each new UUID can reasonably be considered
1144           unique among all UUIDs created, on the local system and on other
1145           systems, in the past and in the future</para>
1146           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux uuidgen">
1147             <primary sortas="b-uuidgen">uuidgen</primary>
1148           </indexterm>
1149         </listitem>
1150       </varlistentry>
1151
1152       <varlistentry id="wall">
1153         <term><command>wall</command></term>
1154         <listitem>
1155           <para>Displays the contents of a file or, by default, its standard
1156           input, on the terminals of all currently logged in users</para>
1157           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux wall">
1158             <primary sortas="b-wall">wall</primary>
1159           </indexterm>
1160         </listitem>
1161       </varlistentry>
1162
1163       <varlistentry id="wdctl">
1164         <term><command>wdctl</command></term>
1165         <listitem>
1166           <para>Shows hardware watchdog status</para>
1167           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux wdctl">
1168             <primary sortas="b-wdctl">wdctl</primary>
1169           </indexterm>
1170         </listitem>
1171       </varlistentry>
1172
1173       <varlistentry id="whereis">
1174         <term><command>whereis</command></term>
1175         <listitem>
1176           <para>Reports the location of the binary, source, and man page
1177           for the given command</para>
1178           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux whereis">
1179             <primary sortas="b-whereis">whereis</primary>
1180           </indexterm>
1181         </listitem>
1182       </varlistentry>
1183
1184       <varlistentry id="wipefs">
1185         <term><command>wipefs</command></term>
1186         <listitem>
1187           <para>Wipes a filesystem signature from a device</para>
1188           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux wipefs">
1189             <primary sortas="b-wipefs">wipefs</primary>
1190           </indexterm>
1191         </listitem>
1192       </varlistentry>
1193
1194       <varlistentry id="x86_64">
1195         <term><command>x86_64</command></term>
1196         <listitem>
1197           <para>A symbolic link to setarch</para>
1198           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux x86_64">
1199             <primary sortas="b-x86_64">x86_64</primary>
1200           </indexterm>
1201         </listitem>
1202       </varlistentry>
1203
1204       <varlistentry id="zramctl">
1205         <term><command>zramctl</command></term>
1206         <listitem>
1207           <para>A program to set up and control zram (compressed ram disk)
1208           devices</para>
1209           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux zramctl">
1210             <primary sortas="b-zramctl">zramctl</primary>
1211           </indexterm>
1212         </listitem>
1213       </varlistentry>
1214
1215       <varlistentry id="libblkid">
1216         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libblkid</filename></term>
1217         <listitem>
1218           <para>Contains routines for device identification and token
1219           extraction</para>
1220           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libblkid">
1221             <primary sortas="c-libblkid">libblkid</primary>
1222           </indexterm>
1223         </listitem>
1224       </varlistentry>
1225
1226       <varlistentry id="libfdisk">
1227         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libfdisk</filename></term>
1228         <listitem>
1229           <para>Contains routines for manipulating partition tables</para>
1230           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libfdisk">
1231             <primary sortas="c-libfdisk">libfdisk</primary>
1232           </indexterm>
1233         </listitem>
1234       </varlistentry>
1235
1236       <varlistentry id="libmount">
1237         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libmount</filename></term>
1238         <listitem>
1239           <para>Contains routines for block device mounting and
1240           unmounting</para>
1241           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libmount">
1242             <primary sortas="c-libmount">libmount</primary>
1243           </indexterm>
1244         </listitem>
1245       </varlistentry>
1246
1247       <varlistentry id="libsmartcols">
1248         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libsmartcols</filename></term>
1249         <listitem>
1250           <para>Contains routines for aiding screen output in tabular form</para>
1251           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libsmartcols">
1252             <primary sortas="c-libsmartcols">libsmartcols</primary>
1253           </indexterm>
1254         </listitem>
1255       </varlistentry>
1256
1257       <varlistentry id="libuuid">
1258         <term><filename class="libraryfile">libuuid</filename></term>
1259         <listitem>
1260           <para>Contains routines for generating unique identifiers for objects
1261           that may be accessible beyond the local system</para>
1262           <indexterm zone="ch-system-util-linux libuuid">
1263             <primary sortas="c-libuuid">libuuid</primary>
1264           </indexterm>
1265         </listitem>
1266       </varlistentry>
1267
1268     </variablelist>
1269
1270   </sect2>
1271
1272 </sect1>