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TITLE:          Setting up a local HP Deskjet Printer
LFS VERSION:    4.1+
AUTHOR:         Frank Gore <gore@projectpontiac.com> (LFS ID 3888)
SYNOPSIS:
        Step-by-step instructions to get your HP Deskjet printer up and running
        and generating great printing results with text, graphics and photos.

CHANGELOG:
        August 11th, 2003
         - upgraded to cups 1.1.19
         - upgraded to ESP Ghostscript 7.05.6
         - upgraded to HPIJS 1.4.1
         - updated package download urls
         - fixed the mknod command for USB printers (oops!)
         - updated my email address
         - added a "THANKS TO:" section
        February 19th, 2003
         - fixed a couple of typos
        February 11th, 2003
         - added optional a2ps-4.13b package
         - added base online location of this hint
           (http://www.projectpontiac.com/hints/hpdeskjet.txt)
        February 10th, 2003
         - added more dependencies
         - changed build order of cups/ghostscript
         - added printer configuration (resolutions, paper size, etc)
         - added lots of miscellaneous info
        February 9th, 2003
         - first edition

HINT:
        After spending endless days wading through the reams of printing
        documentation available on the web, I was finally able to get my HP
        Deskjet 932c printer working. While information regarding printing on a
        Linux-based system is abundant, most of it is completely useless to the
        average user. Hopefully this hint will allow others to use their HP
        Deskjet printer to its full potential without having to spend days
        figuring out what they need.

        This hint is NOT intended to describe how to setup a network print
        server. Its sole intention is to help users setup a single, local HP
        Deskjet printer (any model) that they can send print jobs to and get
        good results from. This hint covers both parallel and usb printers.

        This hint *might* apply to other printer models as well, but you'll have
        to find an appropriate driver. You can find a comprehensive list of
        drivers at http://www.linuxprinting.org

        The latest version of this hint can be found at:
        http://www.projectpontiac.com/hints/hpdeskjet.txt

THANKS TO:
        Thanks to members of the BLFS mailing lists for their help and
        encouragement. This hint wouldn't exist without them :)
        Most of the changes dated August 11th are present due to an email I
        received from someone who used this hint, but I've misplaced the email
        and cannot thank him by name here :( Sorry! If you read this, make
        sure and email me so I can give credit where credit is due!

REQUIREMENTS:
        Perl - this is part of a base LFS system

RECOMENDED:
        libjpeg-6b & libpng-1.2.5 - most people have installed these by now :)
        If you want Ghostscript to be able to handle images, you need these
        intalled before you even begin this hint. Instructions for installing
        these libraries can be found at http://beyond.linuxfromscratch.org

        zlib-1.1.4 - this is installed as part of LFS 4.0, so you most
        definitely should have it already. If not, have a look at the latest
        LFS book at http://www.linuxfromscratch.org

DOWNLOADS:
        CUPS-1.1.19 source
- ftp://ftp.easysw.com/pub/cups/1.1.19/cups-1.1.19-source.tar.bz2

        ESP Ghostscript-7.05.6 source
- http://umn.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/espgs/espgs-7.05.6-source.tar.bz2

        GNU Ghostscript Fonts
- ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/ghostscript/gnu-gs-fonts-std-6.0.tar.gz
- ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/ghostscript/gnu-gs-fonts-other-6.0.tar.gz

        HPIJS Driver source
- http://umn.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/hpinkjet/hpijs-1.4.1.tar.gz

        a2ps-4.13b source (this is optional)
- ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/a2ps/a2ps-4.13b.tar.gz

        cups-1.1.19 is the latest stable version of cups at the time of writing
        this hint. If you have an older version of cups, you're strongly
        encouraged to upgrade. Recent prior versions of cups had some major
        bugs that could make printer management a nightmare.

        ESP Ghostscript-7.05.6 is REQUIRED for the HPIJS driver to work. GNU
        Ghostscript-7.05 and AFPL Ghostscript-8.00 did not work for me at all.
        If you've already installed Ghostscript-8.00 and don't know how to
        remove it, installing ESP Ghostscript-7.05.6 to the same directory
        should overwrite it (it did for me).

        The HPIJS driver is a free driver made available by HP. It's nice to see
        commercial hardware manufacturers showing support for their products
        under Linux :) Because of this, if I buy another printer in the near
        future, it'll likely be an HP model. The latest version of this driver
        supports most (if not all) of the features of almost every HP Deskjet
        printer made over the last few years, including 300 to 1200 dpi output,
        paper size, paper type, duplexing, and many others. This driver also
        supports many other HP printers, including Photo printers and many
        Laserjet printers. For a full list of supported printers, have a look at
        http://hpinkjet.sourceforge.net/productssupported.php

        a2ps-4.13b is a "anything to postscript" convertor. It's necessary for
        printing out a sheet that lists all your printer's supported features,
        which is incredibly handy for printer configuration after everything is
        installed. I highly recomend it.

INSTALL:
        First and foremost, we need to install cups-1.1.19. For this, I
        followed the BLFS book precisely. Install CUPS by running the following
        commands:

./configure &&
make &&
make install

        Specifying a --prefix is not necessary, the binaries will be installed
        in /usr/bin by default. Create the CUPS startup file like this:

cat > /etc/rc.d/init.d/cups << "EOF"

#!/bin/sh
# Begin $rc_base/init.d/cups

# Start or stop the CUPS server based upon the first argument to the script.

source /etc/sysconfig/rc
source $rc_functions

case $1 in
        start)
                echo "Starting CUPS Printserver..."
                loadproc /usr/sbin/cupsd
        ;;
        stop)
                echo "Stopping CUPS Printserver..."
                killproc cupsd
        ;;

        reload)
                echo "Reloading CUPS Printserver..."
                reloadproc /usr/sbin/cupsd
        ;;

        restart)
                $0 stop
                sleep 1
                $0 start
        ;;

        status)
                statusproc cupsd
        ;;

        *)
                echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|reload|restart|status}"
                exit 1
        ;;
esac

# End $rc_base/init.d/cups startup script.
EOF

        Then make the startup script executable:

chmod 0755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/cups

        cups installs its own set of startup scripts in your /etc/rc.d
        directories, so we need to remove them:

rm /etc/rc.d/rc0.d/K00cups &&
rm /etc/rc.d/rc2.d/S99cups &&
rm /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S99cups &&
rm /etc/rc.d/rc5.d/S99cups

        And now we create our own symlinks to the startup script we generated
        above:

cd /etc/rc.d/init.d &&
ln -sf ../init.d/cups ../rc0.d/K09cups &&
ln -sf ../init.d/cups ../rc2.d/S91cups &&
ln -sf ../init.d/cups ../rc3.d/S91cups &&
ln -sf ../init.d/cups ../rc4.d/S91cups &&
ln -sf ../init.d/cups ../rc5.d/S91cups &&
ln -sf ../init.d/cups ../rc6.d/K09cups

        Now we can start cupsd by running:

/etc/rc.d/init.d/cups start

        If everything is well at this point, we can proceed to install ESP
        Ghostscript. For the most part, I followed the same installation
        instructions outlined for Ghostscript 8.00 in the BLFS book, with a
        couple minor changes:

./configure --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/lib/gs \
        --sysconfdir=/etc/gs --enable-shared \
        --with-omni=no --enable-static &&
make &&
make install

        I used this command to ensure that ESP Ghostscript-7.05.6 would
        overwrite my previous installation of AFPL Ghostscript-8.00 (which
        wasn't doing anything right). Incidentally, using --enable-shared
        finally allowed my KDE ghostscript viewer (KGhostScript) to work
        properly. It never did before with AFPL Ghostscript-8.00.

        Following this, we need to install the GNU Ghostscript fonts. To do
        this, issue the following commands:

cd /usr/share/ghostscript
tar xvfz /path/to/gnu-gs-fonts-std-6.0.tar.gz
tar xvfz /path/to/gnu-gs-fonts-other-6.0.tar.gz

        Replace /path/to/ with the appropriate path where you downloaded the
        font files to (ie. /usr/src/. This will create a "fonts" directory where
        all the new fonts are stored for use by Ghostscript.

        =======Optional=======
        At this point, you may also install the optional a2ps package, which
        helps tremendously when configuring your printer after it's been
        installed. This is how you install a2ps-4.13b:

./configure --prefix=/usr --libexecdir=/usr/lib/a2ps \
    --sysconfdir=/etc/a2ps --localstatedir=/var \
    --with-medium=letter &&
make &&
make install

        If you live in an area where A4 is the standard paper format, replace
        --with-medium=letter with --with-medium=a4 instead. You shouldn't need
        to configure anything unless you want to get fancy, the default settings
        worked fine for me.
        =======End Optional=======

        The next package we need to install is the HPIJS driver. Luckily, this
        is quick and simple:

./configure &&
make &&
make install
        
        This automatically installs to /usr/bin and you can confirm that the
        driver was successfully installed by running

hpijs -h

        This should output the name and version of the driver. We're almost done
        now :) The driver is in place, but cups has no clue how to use it.
        We need to download a small perl script that gets used by cups as
        a filter. You can get the script by entering this address into your
        browser:

        http://www.linuxprinting.org/download.cgi?filename=cupsomatic&show=0

        Depending on the browser you use, you'll either be asked to download the
        file, or it will get displayed on your browser screen as text. If it
        asks you to download the file, save it with this name:

        /usr/lib/cups/filter/cupsomatic

        If the file comes up as text in your browser, simply use the "Save As"
        feature of your browser to save the file to the same location noted
        above.

        *** Please note, this assumes you installed cups using either the
        directions provided above or the BLFS book. If not, the location of your
        "filter" directory may vary. Use   find / -name filter   to find it.

        Then make the file executable with the following command:

chmod 0755 /usr/lib/cups/filter/cupsomatic

        This is very important, or nothing will work when you try to print.

        Now you need to get a *.ppd file to tell cups how to use the HPIJS
        driver. This is similar to obtaining the cupsomatic script. First,
        you'll need to point your browser to this address:

http://www.linuxprinting.org/show_driver.cgi?driver=hpijs

        Scroll down the page until you get to the section entitled "Printing
        system interfaces". At the very first drop-down box (Select printer),
        select the exact name and model of your printer (in my case, it was the
        HP DeskJet 932C). Then click the "Generate PPD file" button. Again, your
        browser will either ask you to download a file, or display a bunch of
        text on your screen. You want to save this file as

        /usr/share/cups/model/HP-DeskJet_***-hpijs.ppd

        where *** is the model number of your printer (mine was 932C, so my
        filename was /usr/share/cups/model/HP-DeskJet_932C-hpijs.ppd). If the
        script comes up as text in your browser, then simply use the "Save As"
        feature of your browser to save the file to the appropriate location.

        *** Please note, this assumes you installed cups using either the
        directions provided above, or the BLFS book. If not, the location of
        your "model" directory may vary. Use   find / -name model   to find it.

        At this point, you should restart cupsd so it re-reads the contents of
        the "model" directory. If you installed cups as directed above, you can
        restart it like this:

/etc/rc.d/init.d/cups restart

        Now all we need to do is add the printer to the cups configuration. This
        is perhaps the easiest part of all. If you have a parallel printer, run
        this command:

lpadmin -p HP_Deskjet -m HP-DeskJet_***-hpijs.ppd -v parallel:/dev/lp0 -E

        where *** is the model number of your printer (in my case, 932C). This
        creates a new printer named "HP_Deskjet" and enables it. If you have a
        USB printer, then run this command instead:

lpadmin -p HP_Deskjet -m HP-DeskJet_***-hpijs.ppd -v usb:/dev/usb/lp0 -E

        without forgetting to change *** for the printer model number. Some
        people might not have the /dev/usb/lp0 device since it doesn't come
        standard in the LFS book. If that's the case for you, you can create it
        like this:

mknod /dev/usb/lp0 c 180 0

        Also, if you intend to use a USB printer, you need to make sure that
        "USB Printer Support" is enabled in your kernel.

        That's about it! You should now have a fully working printer. To try it
        out, just use the lp command to send a file to the printer. For example:

lp /etc/motd

        would print out the file /etc/motd (assuming your printer is turned on).
        If you have more than one printer defined, you'll have to name the
        printer you want to send the file to, like this:

lp -d HP_Deskjet /etc/motd

        If you use a desktop environment (ie. KDE, Gnome), they should list your
        printer and allow any native applications to use it. The default printer
        configuration for Mozilla should work fine, so you can print web pages
        without any issues even if you don't use a desktop environment. Most
        other applications can simply be configured to use "lp" as the print
        command. If you need more information about the "lp" command, check out
        its man page.

CONFIGURATION:

        The HPIJS driver allows you to change the quality of the print output,
        all the way up to 1200 dpi in full colour (assuming your printer
        supports that). Changing these options is as simple as passing them to
        the lp command. However, you first need to know what features your
        printer supports. If you want to find out what modes your printer
        supports, issue the following command:

lp -o docs /etc/motd

        The file specified is irrelevant, as long as it exists (it cannot be
        /dev/null). It won't actually get printed. Instead, your printer will
        print out a complete list of all the features it supports, as well as
        the current defaults. If you have more than one printer installed, then
        you'll have to specify which printer's features you want to see, like
        so:

lp -d HP_Deskjet -o docs /etc/motd

        Since my own printer is all I have to go on, I'll use that for the
        following examples;

        My printer supports the following print modes:

        - 300BestColorCMYK
        - 300ColorCMYK
        - 300DraftColorCMYK
        - 300DraftGrayscaleCMYK
        - 300GrayscaleCMYK
        - 300PhotoCMYK
        - 600BestColorCMYK
        - 600GrayscaleCMYK
        - 600PhotoCMYK
        - 1200PhotoCMYK

        So when printing using the lp command, I simply pass an option to set
        the printing mode. Using the example above, to print the /etc/motd file
        in 300 dpi grayscale, I'd type the following command:

lp -o Resolution=300GrayscaleCMYK /etc/motd

        Or if I wanted to print an image in 600 dpi colour, I'd issue the
        following command:

lp -o Resolution=600BestColorCMYK /opt/kde-3.1/share/wallpapers/alien-night.jpg

        The "Photo" modes are typically intended for glossy or photo paper and
        don't provide very good results on plain paper. They also don't provide
        good results with text.

        Similarly, you can set the paper size and type using the same switch.
        For example, my printer supports the following paper sizes:

        - Letter
        - A4
        - A5
        - A6
        - B5JIS
        - Executive
        - FLSA
        - Hagaki
        - Legal
        - Oufuku
        - Photo

        So to print onto Letter-sized paper, I'd run the following command:

lp -o PageSize=Letter /etc/motd

        Again, the different sizes of paper supported by your printer are listed
        on the printout we generated earlier.

        You can specify multiple -o switches in the same command. If I wanted to
        print onto letter paper at 600 dpi in grayscale, I'd do it like this:

lp -o Resolution=600GrayscaleCMYK -o PageSize=Letter /etc/motd

        Of course, typing out all these options everytime you want to print a
        file can be tiresome and error-prone. So your best bet is to set some
        default values that will always be used unless you override them with
        -o switches. If most of your printing involves colour graphics (with or
        without text), then you'd most likely want to set 600 dpi colour as your
        printing default. Setting defaults is a simple command:

lpoptions -o Resolution=600BestColorCMYK

        You can also set multiple -o switches with the lpoptions command:

lpoptions -o Resolution=600BestColorCMYK -o PageSize=Letter

        After issuing this command, lp will always print in 600 dpi with full
        colour onto letter-sized paper, unless you override the defaults by
        including different -o switches. Typing lpoptions by itself on the
        command line will list your current defaults.

        There are many other uses for the lpoptions command. If you need to know
        more, I recomend reading the lpoptions man page.

        Using different front ends (ie. the KDE Printing Manager) allows you to
        change these defaults and settings interactively without having to deal
        with command lines. These front ends also make it a lot easier to deal
        with margins, orientation and printable areas. All of these settings can
        be adjusted using the lpoptions command, but explaining them all would
        require a complete How-To :) I highly recomend using one of the
        more advanced graphical front ends if you need more functionality.

        I hope this was helpful to someone out there! If there's anything else
        you think should be included in this hint, let me know.