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30 // Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
32 // Google Test - The Google C++ Testing Framework
34 // This file implements a universal value printer that can print a
35 // value of any type T:
37 // void ::testing::internal::UniversalPrinter<T>::Print(value, ostream_ptr);
39 // It uses the << operator when possible, and prints the bytes in the
40 // object otherwise. A user can override its behavior for a class
41 // type Foo by defining either operator<<(::std::ostream&, const Foo&)
42 // or void PrintTo(const Foo&, ::std::ostream*) in the namespace that
45 #include "gtest/gtest-printers.h"
49 #include <ostream> // NOLINT
51 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
59 // Prints a segment of bytes in the given object.
60 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
61 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
62 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
63 void PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes
, size_t start
,
64 size_t count
, ostream
* os
) {
66 for (size_t i
= 0; i
!= count
; i
++) {
67 const size_t j
= start
+ i
;
69 // Organizes the bytes into groups of 2 for easy parsing by
76 GTEST_SNPRINTF_(text
, sizeof(text
), "%02X", obj_bytes
[j
]);
81 // Prints the bytes in the given value to the given ostream.
82 void PrintBytesInObjectToImpl(const unsigned char* obj_bytes
, size_t count
,
84 // Tells the user how big the object is.
85 *os
<< count
<< "-byte object <";
87 const size_t kThreshold
= 132;
88 const size_t kChunkSize
= 64;
89 // If the object size is bigger than kThreshold, we'll have to omit
90 // some details by printing only the first and the last kChunkSize
92 // TODO(wan): let the user control the threshold using a flag.
93 if (count
< kThreshold
) {
94 PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes
, 0, count
, os
);
96 PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes
, 0, kChunkSize
, os
);
98 // Rounds up to 2-byte boundary.
99 const size_t resume_pos
= (count
- kChunkSize
+ 1)/2*2;
100 PrintByteSegmentInObjectTo(obj_bytes
, resume_pos
, count
- resume_pos
, os
);
107 namespace internal2
{
109 // Delegates to PrintBytesInObjectToImpl() to print the bytes in the
110 // given object. The delegation simplifies the implementation, which
111 // uses the << operator and thus is easier done outside of the
112 // ::testing::internal namespace, which contains a << operator that
113 // sometimes conflicts with the one in STL.
114 void PrintBytesInObjectTo(const unsigned char* obj_bytes
, size_t count
,
116 PrintBytesInObjectToImpl(obj_bytes
, count
, os
);
119 } // namespace internal2
123 // Depending on the value of a char (or wchar_t), we print it in one
125 // - as is if it's a printable ASCII (e.g. 'a', '2', ' '),
126 // - as a hexidecimal escape sequence (e.g. '\x7F'), or
127 // - as a special escape sequence (e.g. '\r', '\n').
134 // Returns true if c is a printable ASCII character. We test the
135 // value of c directly instead of calling isprint(), which is buggy on
137 inline bool IsPrintableAscii(wchar_t c
) {
138 return 0x20 <= c
&& c
<= 0x7E;
141 // Prints a wide or narrow char c as a character literal without the
142 // quotes, escaping it when necessary; returns how c was formatted.
143 // The template argument UnsignedChar is the unsigned version of Char,
144 // which is the type of c.
145 template <typename UnsignedChar
, typename Char
>
146 static CharFormat
PrintAsCharLiteralTo(Char c
, ostream
* os
) {
147 switch (static_cast<wchar_t>(c
)) {
179 if (IsPrintableAscii(c
)) {
180 *os
<< static_cast<char>(c
);
183 *os
<< "\\x" + String::FormatHexInt(static_cast<UnsignedChar
>(c
));
187 return kSpecialEscape
;
190 // Prints a wchar_t c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when
191 // necessary; returns how c was formatted.
192 static CharFormat
PrintAsStringLiteralTo(wchar_t c
, ostream
* os
) {
199 return kSpecialEscape
;
201 return PrintAsCharLiteralTo
<wchar_t>(c
, os
);
205 // Prints a char c as if it's part of a string literal, escaping it when
206 // necessary; returns how c was formatted.
207 static CharFormat
PrintAsStringLiteralTo(char c
, ostream
* os
) {
208 return PrintAsStringLiteralTo(
209 static_cast<wchar_t>(static_cast<unsigned char>(c
)), os
);
212 // Prints a wide or narrow character c and its code. '\0' is printed
213 // as "'\\0'", other unprintable characters are also properly escaped
214 // using the standard C++ escape sequence. The template argument
215 // UnsignedChar is the unsigned version of Char, which is the type of c.
216 template <typename UnsignedChar
, typename Char
>
217 void PrintCharAndCodeTo(Char c
, ostream
* os
) {
218 // First, print c as a literal in the most readable form we can find.
219 *os
<< ((sizeof(c
) > 1) ? "L'" : "'");
220 const CharFormat format
= PrintAsCharLiteralTo
<UnsignedChar
>(c
, os
);
223 // To aid user debugging, we also print c's code in decimal, unless
224 // it's 0 (in which case c was printed as '\\0', making the code
228 *os
<< " (" << static_cast<int>(c
);
230 // For more convenience, we print c's code again in hexidecimal,
231 // unless c was already printed in the form '\x##' or the code is in
233 if (format
== kHexEscape
|| (1 <= c
&& c
<= 9)) {
236 *os
<< ", 0x" << String::FormatHexInt(static_cast<UnsignedChar
>(c
));
241 void PrintTo(unsigned char c
, ::std::ostream
* os
) {
242 PrintCharAndCodeTo
<unsigned char>(c
, os
);
244 void PrintTo(signed char c
, ::std::ostream
* os
) {
245 PrintCharAndCodeTo
<unsigned char>(c
, os
);
248 // Prints a wchar_t as a symbol if it is printable or as its internal
249 // code otherwise and also as its code. L'\0' is printed as "L'\\0'".
250 void PrintTo(wchar_t wc
, ostream
* os
) {
251 PrintCharAndCodeTo
<wchar_t>(wc
, os
);
254 // Prints the given array of characters to the ostream. CharType must be either
256 // The array starts at begin, the length is len, it may include '\0' characters
257 // and may not be NUL-terminated.
258 template <typename CharType
>
259 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
260 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
261 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
262 static void PrintCharsAsStringTo(
263 const CharType
* begin
, size_t len
, ostream
* os
) {
264 const char* const kQuoteBegin
= sizeof(CharType
) == 1 ? "\"" : "L\"";
266 bool is_previous_hex
= false;
267 for (size_t index
= 0; index
< len
; ++index
) {
268 const CharType cur
= begin
[index
];
269 if (is_previous_hex
&& IsXDigit(cur
)) {
270 // Previous character is of '\x..' form and this character can be
271 // interpreted as another hexadecimal digit in its number. Break string to
273 *os
<< "\" " << kQuoteBegin
;
275 is_previous_hex
= PrintAsStringLiteralTo(cur
, os
) == kHexEscape
;
280 // Prints a (const) char/wchar_t array of 'len' elements, starting at address
281 // 'begin'. CharType must be either char or wchar_t.
282 template <typename CharType
>
283 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
284 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
285 GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
286 static void UniversalPrintCharArray(
287 const CharType
* begin
, size_t len
, ostream
* os
) {
289 // const char kFoo[] = "foo";
290 // generates an array of 4, not 3, elements, with the last one being '\0'.
292 // Therefore when printing a char array, we don't print the last element if
293 // it's '\0', such that the output matches the string literal as it's
294 // written in the source code.
295 if (len
> 0 && begin
[len
- 1] == '\0') {
296 PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin
, len
- 1, os
);
300 // If, however, the last element in the array is not '\0', e.g.
301 // const char kFoo[] = { 'f', 'o', 'o' };
302 // we must print the entire array. We also print a message to indicate
303 // that the array is not NUL-terminated.
304 PrintCharsAsStringTo(begin
, len
, os
);
305 *os
<< " (no terminating NUL)";
308 // Prints a (const) char array of 'len' elements, starting at address 'begin'.
309 void UniversalPrintArray(const char* begin
, size_t len
, ostream
* os
) {
310 UniversalPrintCharArray(begin
, len
, os
);
313 // Prints a (const) wchar_t array of 'len' elements, starting at address
315 void UniversalPrintArray(const wchar_t* begin
, size_t len
, ostream
* os
) {
316 UniversalPrintCharArray(begin
, len
, os
);
319 // Prints the given C string to the ostream.
320 void PrintTo(const char* s
, ostream
* os
) {
324 *os
<< ImplicitCast_
<const void*>(s
) << " pointing to ";
325 PrintCharsAsStringTo(s
, strlen(s
), os
);
329 // MSVC compiler can be configured to define whar_t as a typedef
330 // of unsigned short. Defining an overload for const wchar_t* in that case
331 // would cause pointers to unsigned shorts be printed as wide strings,
332 // possibly accessing more memory than intended and causing invalid
333 // memory accesses. MSVC defines _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED symbol when
334 // wchar_t is implemented as a native type.
335 #if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED)
336 // Prints the given wide C string to the ostream.
337 void PrintTo(const wchar_t* s
, ostream
* os
) {
341 *os
<< ImplicitCast_
<const void*>(s
) << " pointing to ";
342 PrintCharsAsStringTo(s
, std::wcslen(s
), os
);
345 #endif // wchar_t is native
347 // Prints a ::string object.
348 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
349 void PrintStringTo(const ::string
& s
, ostream
* os
) {
350 PrintCharsAsStringTo(s
.data(), s
.size(), os
);
352 #endif // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
354 void PrintStringTo(const ::std::string
& s
, ostream
* os
) {
355 PrintCharsAsStringTo(s
.data(), s
.size(), os
);
358 // Prints a ::wstring object.
359 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
360 void PrintWideStringTo(const ::wstring
& s
, ostream
* os
) {
361 PrintCharsAsStringTo(s
.data(), s
.size(), os
);
363 #endif // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
365 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
366 void PrintWideStringTo(const ::std::wstring
& s
, ostream
* os
) {
367 PrintCharsAsStringTo(s
.data(), s
.size(), os
);
369 #endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
371 } // namespace internal
373 } // namespace testing