1 Ok, here are my comments and suggestions about the LLVM instruction set.
2 We should discuss some now, but can discuss many of them later, when we
3 revisit synchronization, type inference, and other issues.
4 (We have discussed some of the comments already.)
7 o We should consider eliminating the type annotation in cases where it is
8 essentially obvious from the instruction type, e.g., in br, it is obvious
9 that the first arg. should be a bool and the other args should be labels:
11 br bool <cond>, label <iftrue>, label <iffalse>
13 I think your point was that making all types explicit improves clarity
14 and readability. I agree to some extent, but it also comes at the cost
15 of verbosity. And when the types are obvious from people's experience
16 (e.g., in the br instruction), it doesn't seem to help as much.
19 o On reflection, I really like your idea of having the two different switch
20 types (even though they encode implementation techniques rather than
21 semantics). It should simplify building the CFG and my guess is it could
22 enable some significant optimizations, though we should think about which.
25 o In the lookup-indirect form of the switch, is there a reason not to make
26 the val-type uint? Most HLL switch statements (including Java and C++)
27 require that anyway. And it would also make the val-type uniform
28 in the two forms of the switch.
30 I did see the switch-on-bool examples and, while cute, we can just use
31 the branch instructions in that particular case.
34 o I agree with your comment that we don't need 'neg'.
37 o There's a trade-off with the cast instruction:
38 + it avoids having to define all the upcasts and downcasts that are
39 valid for the operands of each instruction (you probably have thought
40 of other benefits also)
41 - it could make the bytecode significantly larger because there could
42 be a lot of cast operations
45 o Making the second arg. to 'shl' a ubyte seems good enough to me.
46 255 positions seems adequate for several generations of machines
47 and is more compact than uint.
50 o I still have some major concerns about including malloc and free in the
51 language (either as builtin functions or instructions). LLVM must be
52 able to represent code from many different languages. Languages such as
53 C, C++ Java and Fortran 90 would not be able to use our malloc anyway
54 because each of them will want to provide a library implementation of it.
56 This gets even worse when code from different languages is linked
57 into a single executable (which is fairly common in large apps).
58 Having a single malloc would just not suffice, and instead would simply
59 complicate the picture further because it adds an extra variant in
60 addition to the one each language provides.
62 Instead, providing a default library version of malloc and free
63 (and perhaps a malloc_gc with garbage collection instead of free)
64 would make a good implementation available to anyone who wants it.
66 I don't recall all your arguments in favor so let's discuss this again,
70 o 'alloca' on the other hand sounds like a good idea, and the
71 implementation seems fairly language-independent so it doesn't have the
72 problems with malloc listed above.
75 o About indirect call:
76 Your option #2 sounded good to me. I'm not sure I understand your
77 concern about an explicit 'icall' instruction?
80 o A pair of important synchronization instr'ns to think about:
85 o Other classes of instructions that are valuable for pipeline performance:
87 predicated instructions
90 o I believe tail calls are relatively easy to identify; do you know why
91 .NET has a tailcall instruction?
94 o I agree that we need a static data space. Otherwise, emulating global
95 data gets unnecessarily complex.
98 o About explicit parallelism:
100 We once talked about adding a symbolic thread-id field to each
101 instruction. (It could be optional so single-threaded codes are
102 not penalized.) This could map well to multi-threaded architectures
103 while providing easy ILP for single-threaded onces. But it is probably
104 too radical an idea to include in a base version of LLVM. Instead, it
105 could a great topic for a separate study.
107 What is the semantics of the IA64 stop bit?
112 o And finally, another thought about the syntax for arrays :-)
114 Although this syntax:
115 array <dimension-list> of <type>
116 is verbose, it will be used only in the human-readable assembly code so
117 size should not matter. I think we should consider it because I find it
118 to be the clearest syntax. It could even make arrays of function
119 pointers somewhat readable.