7 This document is a work in progress!
16 Aggressive Dead Code Elimination
21 Due to Clang's influence (mostly the fact that parsing and semantic
22 analysis are so intertwined for C and especially C++), the typical
23 working definition of AST in the LLVM community is roughly "the
24 compiler's first complete symbolic (as opposed to textual)
25 representation of an input program".
26 As such, an "AST" might be a more general graph instead of a "tree"
27 (consider the symbolic representation for the type of a typical "linked
28 list node"). This working definition is closer to what some authors
29 call an "annotated abstract syntax tree".
31 Consult your favorite compiler book or search engine for more details.
36 .. _lexicon-bb-vectorization:
39 Basic-Block Vectorization
42 Bit-tracking dead code elimination. Some bit-wise instructions (shifts,
43 ands, ors, etc.) "kill" some of their input bits -- that is, they make it
44 such that those bits can be either zero or one without affecting control or
45 data flow of a program. The BDCE pass removes instructions that only
46 compute these dead bits.
49 Bottom Up Rewriting System --- A method of instruction selection for code
50 generation. An example is the `BURG
51 <http://www.program-transformation.org/Transform/BURG>`_ tool.
57 Call Frame Information. Used in DWARF debug info and in C++ unwind info
58 to show how the function prolog lays out the stack frame.
61 Common Information Entry. A kind of CFI used to reduce the size of FDEs.
62 The compiler creates a CIE which contains the information common across all
63 the FDEs. Each FDE then points to its CIE.
66 Common Subexpression Elimination. An optimization that removes common
67 subexpression compuation. For example ``(a+b)*(a+b)`` has two subexpressions
68 that are the same: ``(a+b)``. This optimization would perform the addition
69 only once and then perform the multiply (but only if it's computationally
76 Directed Acyclic Graph
82 A pointer to the interior of an object, such that a garbage collector is
83 unable to use the pointer for reachability analysis. While a derived pointer
84 is live, the corresponding object pointer must be kept in a root, otherwise
85 the collector might free the referenced object. With copying collectors,
86 derived pointers pose an additional hazard that they may be invalidated at
87 any `safe point`_. This term is used in opposition to `object pointer`_.
90 Data Structure Analysis
93 Dead Store Elimination
102 Frame Description Entry. A kind of CFI used to describe the stack frame of
109 Garbage Collection. The practice of using reachability analysis instead of
110 explicit memory management to reclaim unused memory.
113 ``GetElementPtr``. An LLVM IR instruction that is used to get the address
114 of a subelement of an aggregate data structure. It is documented in detail
115 `here <http://llvm.org/docs/GetElementPtr.html>`_.
118 Global Value Numbering. GVN is a pass that partitions values computed by a
119 function into congruence classes. Values ending up in the same congruence
120 class are guaranteed to be the same for every execution of the program.
121 In that respect, congruency is a compile-time approximation of equivalence
122 of values at runtime.
130 In garbage collection, the region of memory which is managed using
131 reachability analysis.
137 Inter-Procedural Analysis. Refers to any variety of code analysis that
138 occurs between procedures, functions or compilation units (modules).
141 Inter-Procedural Optimization. Refers to any variety of code optimization
142 that occurs between procedures, functions or compilation units (modules).
145 Instruction Selection
151 Loop-Closed Static Single Assignment Form
154 "Looks Good To Me". In a review thread, this indicates that the
155 reviewer thinks that the patch is okay to commit.
158 Loop Invariant Code Motion
161 Language Specific Data Area. C++ "zero cost" unwinding is built on top a
162 generic unwinding mechanism. As the unwinder walks each frame, it calls
163 a "personality" function to do language specific analysis. Each function's
164 FDE points to an optional LSDA which is passed to the personality function.
165 For C++, the LSDA contain info about the type and location of catch
166 statements in that function.
172 Link-Time Optimization
184 "No functional change". Used in a commit message to indicate that a patch
185 is a pure refactoring/cleanup.
186 Usually used in the first line, so it is visible without opening the
195 A pointer to an object such that the garbage collector is able to trace
196 references contained within the object. This term is used in opposition to
203 Problem report. A bug filed on `the LLVM Bug Tracking System
204 <https://bugs.llvm.org/enter_bug.cgi>`_.
207 Partial Redundancy Elimination
214 Replace All Uses With. The functions ``User::replaceUsesOfWith()``,
215 ``Value::replaceAllUsesWith()``, and
216 ``Constant::replaceUsesOfWithOnConstant()`` implement the replacement of one
217 Value with another by iterating over its def/use chain and fixing up all of
218 the pointers to point to the new value. See
219 also `def/use chains <ProgrammersManual.html#iterating-over-def-use-use-def-chains>`_.
222 Rearranging associative expressions to promote better redundancy elimination
223 and other optimization. For example, changing ``(A+B-A)`` into ``(B+A-A)``,
224 permitting it to be optimized into ``(B+0)`` then ``(B)``.
230 In garbage collection, a pointer variable lying outside of the `heap`_ from
231 which the collector begins its reachability analysis. In the context of code
232 generation, "root" almost always refers to a "stack root" --- a local or
233 temporary variable within an executing function.
244 In garbage collection, it is necessary to identify `stack roots`_ so that
245 reachability analysis may proceed. It may be infeasible to provide this
246 information for every instruction, so instead the information may is
247 calculated only at designated safe points. With a copying collector,
248 `derived pointers`_ must not be retained across safe points and `object
249 pointers`_ must be reloaded from stack roots.
252 Selection DAG Instruction Selection.
255 Strongly Connected Component
258 Sparse Conditional Constant Propagation
261 Superword-Level Parallelism, same as :ref:`Basic-Block Vectorization
262 <lexicon-bb-vectorization>`.
265 Splat refers to a vector of identical scalar elements.
267 The term is based on the PowerPC Altivec instructions that provided
268 this functionality in hardware. For example, "vsplth" and the corresponding
269 software intrinsic "vec_splat()". Examples of other hardware names for this
270 action include "duplicate" (ARM) and "broadcast" (x86).
273 Scalar Replacement of Aggregates
276 Static Single Assignment
279 In garbage collection, metadata emitted by the code generator which
280 identifies `roots`_ within the stack frame of an executing function.
286 Type-Based Alias Analysis