1 //===- Automaton.td ----------------------------------------*- tablegen -*-===//
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9 // This file defines the key top-level classes needed to produce a reasonably
10 // generic finite-state automaton.
12 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
14 // Define a record inheriting from GenericAutomaton to generate a reasonably
15 // generic finite-state automaton over a set of actions and states.
17 // This automaton is defined by:
18 // 1) a state space (explicit, always bits<32>).
19 // 2) a set of input symbols (actions, explicit) and
20 // 3) a transition function from state + action -> state.
22 // A theoretical automaton is defined by <Q, S, d, q0, F>:
23 // Q: A set of possible states.
24 // S: (sigma) The input alphabet.
25 // d: (delta) The transition function f(q in Q, s in S) -> q' in Q.
26 // F: The set of final (accepting) states.
28 // Because generating all possible states is tedious, we instead define the
29 // transition function only and crawl all reachable states starting from the
30 // initial state with all inputs under all transitions until termination.
32 // We define F = S, that is, all valid states are accepting.
34 // To ensure the generation of the automaton terminates, the state transitions
35 // are defined as a lattice (meaning every transitioned-to state is more
36 // specific than the transitioned-from state, for some definition of specificity).
37 // Concretely a transition may set one or more bits in the state that were
38 // previously zero to one. If any bit was not zero, the transition is invalid.
40 // Instead of defining all possible states (which would be cumbersome), the user
41 // provides a set of possible Transitions from state A, consuming an input
42 // symbol A to state B. The Transition object transforms state A to state B and
43 // acts as a predicate. This means the state space can be discovered by crawling
44 // all the possible transitions until none are valid.
46 // This automaton is considered to be nondeterministic, meaning that multiple
47 // transitions can occur from any (state, action) pair. The generated automaton
48 // is determinized, meaning that is executes in O(k) time where k is the input
51 // In addition to a generated automaton that determines if a sequence of inputs
52 // is accepted or not, a table is emitted that allows determining a plausible
53 // sequence of states traversed to accept that input.
54 class GenericAutomaton {
55 // Name of a class that inherits from Transition. All records inheriting from
56 // this class will be considered when constructing the automaton.
57 string TransitionClass;
59 // Names of fields within TransitionClass that define the action symbol. This
60 // defines the action as an N-tuple.
62 // Each symbol field can be of class, int, string or code type.
63 // If the type of a field is a class, the Record's name is used verbatim
64 // in C++ and the class name is used as the C++ type name.
65 // If the type of a field is a string, code or int, that is also used
68 // To override the C++ type name for field F, define a field called TypeOf_F.
69 // This should be a string that will be used verbatim in C++.
71 // As an example, to define a 2-tuple with an enum and a string, one might:
72 // def MyTransition : Transition {
76 // def MyAutomaton : GenericAutomaton }{
77 // let TransitionClass = "Transition";
78 // let SymbolFields = ["S1", "S2"];
79 // let TypeOf_S1 = "MyEnumInCxxKind";
81 list<string> SymbolFields;
84 // All transitions inherit from Transition.
86 // A transition S' = T(S) is valid if, for every set bit in NewState, the
87 // corresponding bit in S is clear. That is:
90 // return S' if S' != S else Failure
92 // The automaton generator uses this property to crawl the set of possible
93 // transitions from a starting state of 0b0.