1 //===- BranchRelaxation.cpp -----------------------------------------------===//
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
9 #include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
10 #include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
11 #include "llvm/CodeGen/LivePhysRegs.h"
12 #include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineBasicBlock.h"
13 #include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunction.h"
14 #include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunctionPass.h"
15 #include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineInstr.h"
16 #include "llvm/CodeGen/RegisterScavenging.h"
17 #include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetInstrInfo.h"
18 #include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetRegisterInfo.h"
19 #include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetSubtargetInfo.h"
20 #include "llvm/Config/llvm-config.h"
21 #include "llvm/IR/DebugLoc.h"
22 #include "llvm/Pass.h"
23 #include "llvm/Support/Compiler.h"
24 #include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
25 #include "llvm/Support/Format.h"
26 #include "llvm/Support/MathExtras.h"
27 #include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
35 #define DEBUG_TYPE "branch-relaxation"
37 STATISTIC(NumSplit
, "Number of basic blocks split");
38 STATISTIC(NumConditionalRelaxed
, "Number of conditional branches relaxed");
39 STATISTIC(NumUnconditionalRelaxed
, "Number of unconditional branches relaxed");
41 #define BRANCH_RELAX_NAME "Branch relaxation pass"
45 class BranchRelaxation
: public MachineFunctionPass
{
46 /// BasicBlockInfo - Information about the offset and size of a single
48 struct BasicBlockInfo
{
49 /// Offset - Distance from the beginning of the function to the beginning
50 /// of this basic block.
52 /// The offset is always aligned as required by the basic block.
55 /// Size - Size of the basic block in bytes. If the block contains
56 /// inline assembly, this is a worst case estimate.
58 /// The size does not include any alignment padding whether from the
59 /// beginning of the block, or from an aligned jump table at the end.
62 BasicBlockInfo() = default;
64 /// Compute the offset immediately following this block. \p MBB is the next
66 unsigned postOffset(const MachineBasicBlock
&MBB
) const {
67 const unsigned PO
= Offset
+ Size
;
68 const Align Alignment
= MBB
.getAlignment();
72 const Align ParentAlign
= MBB
.getParent()->getAlignment();
73 if (Alignment
<= ParentAlign
)
74 return PO
+ offsetToAlignment(PO
, Alignment
);
76 // The alignment of this MBB is larger than the function's alignment, so we
77 // can't tell whether or not it will insert nops. Assume that it will.
78 return PO
+ Alignment
.value() + offsetToAlignment(PO
, Alignment
);
82 SmallVector
<BasicBlockInfo
, 16> BlockInfo
;
83 std::unique_ptr
<RegScavenger
> RS
;
84 LivePhysRegs LiveRegs
;
87 const TargetRegisterInfo
*TRI
;
88 const TargetInstrInfo
*TII
;
90 bool relaxBranchInstructions();
93 MachineBasicBlock
*createNewBlockAfter(MachineBasicBlock
&BB
);
95 MachineBasicBlock
*splitBlockBeforeInstr(MachineInstr
&MI
,
96 MachineBasicBlock
*DestBB
);
97 void adjustBlockOffsets(MachineBasicBlock
&Start
);
98 bool isBlockInRange(const MachineInstr
&MI
, const MachineBasicBlock
&BB
) const;
100 bool fixupConditionalBranch(MachineInstr
&MI
);
101 bool fixupUnconditionalBranch(MachineInstr
&MI
);
102 uint64_t computeBlockSize(const MachineBasicBlock
&MBB
) const;
103 unsigned getInstrOffset(const MachineInstr
&MI
) const;
110 BranchRelaxation() : MachineFunctionPass(ID
) {}
112 bool runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction
&MF
) override
;
114 StringRef
getPassName() const override
{ return BRANCH_RELAX_NAME
; }
117 } // end anonymous namespace
119 char BranchRelaxation::ID
= 0;
121 char &llvm::BranchRelaxationPassID
= BranchRelaxation::ID
;
123 INITIALIZE_PASS(BranchRelaxation
, DEBUG_TYPE
, BRANCH_RELAX_NAME
, false, false)
125 /// verify - check BBOffsets, BBSizes, alignment of islands
126 void BranchRelaxation::verify() {
128 unsigned PrevNum
= MF
->begin()->getNumber();
129 for (MachineBasicBlock
&MBB
: *MF
) {
130 const unsigned Num
= MBB
.getNumber();
131 assert(isAligned(MBB
.getAlignment(), BlockInfo
[Num
].Offset
));
132 assert(!Num
|| BlockInfo
[PrevNum
].postOffset(MBB
) <= BlockInfo
[Num
].Offset
);
133 assert(BlockInfo
[Num
].Size
== computeBlockSize(MBB
));
139 #if !defined(NDEBUG) || defined(LLVM_ENABLE_DUMP)
140 /// print block size and offset information - debugging
141 LLVM_DUMP_METHOD
void BranchRelaxation::dumpBBs() {
142 for (auto &MBB
: *MF
) {
143 const BasicBlockInfo
&BBI
= BlockInfo
[MBB
.getNumber()];
144 dbgs() << format("%%bb.%u\toffset=%08x\t", MBB
.getNumber(), BBI
.Offset
)
145 << format("size=%#x\n", BBI
.Size
);
150 /// scanFunction - Do the initial scan of the function, building up
151 /// information about each block.
152 void BranchRelaxation::scanFunction() {
154 BlockInfo
.resize(MF
->getNumBlockIDs());
156 // First thing, compute the size of all basic blocks, and see if the function
157 // has any inline assembly in it. If so, we have to be conservative about
158 // alignment assumptions, as we don't know for sure the size of any
159 // instructions in the inline assembly.
160 for (MachineBasicBlock
&MBB
: *MF
)
161 BlockInfo
[MBB
.getNumber()].Size
= computeBlockSize(MBB
);
163 // Compute block offsets and known bits.
164 adjustBlockOffsets(*MF
->begin());
167 /// computeBlockSize - Compute the size for MBB.
168 uint64_t BranchRelaxation::computeBlockSize(const MachineBasicBlock
&MBB
) const {
170 for (const MachineInstr
&MI
: MBB
)
171 Size
+= TII
->getInstSizeInBytes(MI
);
175 /// getInstrOffset - Return the current offset of the specified machine
176 /// instruction from the start of the function. This offset changes as stuff is
177 /// moved around inside the function.
178 unsigned BranchRelaxation::getInstrOffset(const MachineInstr
&MI
) const {
179 const MachineBasicBlock
*MBB
= MI
.getParent();
181 // The offset is composed of two things: the sum of the sizes of all MBB's
182 // before this instruction's block, and the offset from the start of the block
184 unsigned Offset
= BlockInfo
[MBB
->getNumber()].Offset
;
186 // Sum instructions before MI in MBB.
187 for (MachineBasicBlock::const_iterator I
= MBB
->begin(); &*I
!= &MI
; ++I
) {
188 assert(I
!= MBB
->end() && "Didn't find MI in its own basic block?");
189 Offset
+= TII
->getInstSizeInBytes(*I
);
195 void BranchRelaxation::adjustBlockOffsets(MachineBasicBlock
&Start
) {
196 unsigned PrevNum
= Start
.getNumber();
197 for (auto &MBB
: make_range(MachineFunction::iterator(Start
), MF
->end())) {
198 unsigned Num
= MBB
.getNumber();
199 if (!Num
) // block zero is never changed from offset zero.
201 // Get the offset and known bits at the end of the layout predecessor.
202 // Include the alignment of the current block.
203 BlockInfo
[Num
].Offset
= BlockInfo
[PrevNum
].postOffset(MBB
);
209 /// Insert a new empty basic block and insert it after \BB
210 MachineBasicBlock
*BranchRelaxation::createNewBlockAfter(MachineBasicBlock
&BB
) {
211 // Create a new MBB for the code after the OrigBB.
212 MachineBasicBlock
*NewBB
=
213 MF
->CreateMachineBasicBlock(BB
.getBasicBlock());
214 MF
->insert(++BB
.getIterator(), NewBB
);
216 // Insert an entry into BlockInfo to align it properly with the block numbers.
217 BlockInfo
.insert(BlockInfo
.begin() + NewBB
->getNumber(), BasicBlockInfo());
222 /// Split the basic block containing MI into two blocks, which are joined by
223 /// an unconditional branch. Update data structures and renumber blocks to
224 /// account for this change and returns the newly created block.
225 MachineBasicBlock
*BranchRelaxation::splitBlockBeforeInstr(MachineInstr
&MI
,
226 MachineBasicBlock
*DestBB
) {
227 MachineBasicBlock
*OrigBB
= MI
.getParent();
229 // Create a new MBB for the code after the OrigBB.
230 MachineBasicBlock
*NewBB
=
231 MF
->CreateMachineBasicBlock(OrigBB
->getBasicBlock());
232 MF
->insert(++OrigBB
->getIterator(), NewBB
);
234 // Splice the instructions starting with MI over to NewBB.
235 NewBB
->splice(NewBB
->end(), OrigBB
, MI
.getIterator(), OrigBB
->end());
237 // Add an unconditional branch from OrigBB to NewBB.
238 // Note the new unconditional branch is not being recorded.
239 // There doesn't seem to be meaningful DebugInfo available; this doesn't
240 // correspond to anything in the source.
241 TII
->insertUnconditionalBranch(*OrigBB
, NewBB
, DebugLoc());
243 // Insert an entry into BlockInfo to align it properly with the block numbers.
244 BlockInfo
.insert(BlockInfo
.begin() + NewBB
->getNumber(), BasicBlockInfo());
246 NewBB
->transferSuccessors(OrigBB
);
247 OrigBB
->addSuccessor(NewBB
);
248 OrigBB
->addSuccessor(DestBB
);
250 // Cleanup potential unconditional branch to successor block.
251 // Note that updateTerminator may change the size of the blocks.
252 NewBB
->updateTerminator();
253 OrigBB
->updateTerminator();
255 // Figure out how large the OrigBB is. As the first half of the original
256 // block, it cannot contain a tablejump. The size includes
257 // the new jump we added. (It should be possible to do this without
258 // recounting everything, but it's very confusing, and this is rarely
260 BlockInfo
[OrigBB
->getNumber()].Size
= computeBlockSize(*OrigBB
);
262 // Figure out how large the NewMBB is. As the second half of the original
263 // block, it may contain a tablejump.
264 BlockInfo
[NewBB
->getNumber()].Size
= computeBlockSize(*NewBB
);
266 // All BBOffsets following these blocks must be modified.
267 adjustBlockOffsets(*OrigBB
);
269 // Need to fix live-in lists if we track liveness.
270 if (TRI
->trackLivenessAfterRegAlloc(*MF
))
271 computeAndAddLiveIns(LiveRegs
, *NewBB
);
278 /// isBlockInRange - Returns true if the distance between specific MI and
279 /// specific BB can fit in MI's displacement field.
280 bool BranchRelaxation::isBlockInRange(
281 const MachineInstr
&MI
, const MachineBasicBlock
&DestBB
) const {
282 int64_t BrOffset
= getInstrOffset(MI
);
283 int64_t DestOffset
= BlockInfo
[DestBB
.getNumber()].Offset
;
285 if (TII
->isBranchOffsetInRange(MI
.getOpcode(), DestOffset
- BrOffset
))
288 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Out of range branch to destination "
289 << printMBBReference(DestBB
) << " from "
290 << printMBBReference(*MI
.getParent()) << " to "
291 << DestOffset
<< " offset " << DestOffset
- BrOffset
<< '\t'
297 /// fixupConditionalBranch - Fix up a conditional branch whose destination is
298 /// too far away to fit in its displacement field. It is converted to an inverse
299 /// conditional branch + an unconditional branch to the destination.
300 bool BranchRelaxation::fixupConditionalBranch(MachineInstr
&MI
) {
301 DebugLoc DL
= MI
.getDebugLoc();
302 MachineBasicBlock
*MBB
= MI
.getParent();
303 MachineBasicBlock
*TBB
= nullptr, *FBB
= nullptr;
304 MachineBasicBlock
*NewBB
= nullptr;
305 SmallVector
<MachineOperand
, 4> Cond
;
307 auto insertUncondBranch
= [&](MachineBasicBlock
*MBB
,
308 MachineBasicBlock
*DestBB
) {
309 unsigned &BBSize
= BlockInfo
[MBB
->getNumber()].Size
;
311 TII
->insertUnconditionalBranch(*MBB
, DestBB
, DL
, &NewBrSize
);
314 auto insertBranch
= [&](MachineBasicBlock
*MBB
, MachineBasicBlock
*TBB
,
315 MachineBasicBlock
*FBB
,
316 SmallVectorImpl
<MachineOperand
>& Cond
) {
317 unsigned &BBSize
= BlockInfo
[MBB
->getNumber()].Size
;
319 TII
->insertBranch(*MBB
, TBB
, FBB
, Cond
, DL
, &NewBrSize
);
322 auto removeBranch
= [&](MachineBasicBlock
*MBB
) {
323 unsigned &BBSize
= BlockInfo
[MBB
->getNumber()].Size
;
325 TII
->removeBranch(*MBB
, &RemovedSize
);
326 BBSize
-= RemovedSize
;
329 auto finalizeBlockChanges
= [&](MachineBasicBlock
*MBB
,
330 MachineBasicBlock
*NewBB
) {
331 // Keep the block offsets up to date.
332 adjustBlockOffsets(*MBB
);
334 // Need to fix live-in lists if we track liveness.
335 if (NewBB
&& TRI
->trackLivenessAfterRegAlloc(*MF
))
336 computeAndAddLiveIns(LiveRegs
, *NewBB
);
339 bool Fail
= TII
->analyzeBranch(*MBB
, TBB
, FBB
, Cond
);
340 assert(!Fail
&& "branches to be relaxed must be analyzable");
343 // Add an unconditional branch to the destination and invert the branch
344 // condition to jump over it:
351 bool ReversedCond
= !TII
->reverseBranchCondition(Cond
);
353 if (FBB
&& isBlockInRange(MI
, *FBB
)) {
354 // Last MI in the BB is an unconditional branch. We can simply invert the
355 // condition and swap destinations:
361 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Invert condition and swap "
362 "its destination with "
366 insertBranch(MBB
, FBB
, TBB
, Cond
);
367 finalizeBlockChanges(MBB
, nullptr);
371 // We need to split the basic block here to obtain two long-range
372 // unconditional branches.
373 NewBB
= createNewBlockAfter(*MBB
);
375 insertUncondBranch(NewBB
, FBB
);
376 // Update the succesor lists according to the transformation to follow.
377 // Do it here since if there's no split, no update is needed.
378 MBB
->replaceSuccessor(FBB
, NewBB
);
379 NewBB
->addSuccessor(FBB
);
382 // We now have an appropriate fall-through block in place (either naturally or
383 // just created), so we can use the inverted the condition.
384 MachineBasicBlock
&NextBB
= *std::next(MachineFunction::iterator(MBB
));
386 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Insert B to " << printMBBReference(*TBB
)
387 << ", invert condition and change dest. to "
388 << printMBBReference(NextBB
) << '\n');
391 // Insert a new conditional branch and a new unconditional branch.
392 insertBranch(MBB
, &NextBB
, TBB
, Cond
);
394 finalizeBlockChanges(MBB
, NewBB
);
397 // Branch cond can't be inverted.
398 // In this case we always add a block after the MBB.
399 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " The branch condition can't be inverted. "
400 << " Insert a new BB after " << MBB
->back());
403 FBB
= &(*std::next(MachineFunction::iterator(MBB
)));
405 // This is the block with cond. branch and the distance to TBB is too long.
409 // We do the following transformation:
416 NewBB
= createNewBlockAfter(*MBB
);
417 insertUncondBranch(NewBB
, TBB
);
419 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Insert cond B to the new BB "
420 << printMBBReference(*NewBB
)
421 << " Keep the exiting condition.\n"
422 << " Insert B to " << printMBBReference(*FBB
) << ".\n"
423 << " In the new BB: Insert B to "
424 << printMBBReference(*TBB
) << ".\n");
426 // Update the successor lists according to the transformation to follow.
427 MBB
->replaceSuccessor(TBB
, NewBB
);
428 NewBB
->addSuccessor(TBB
);
430 // Replace branch in the current (MBB) block.
432 insertBranch(MBB
, NewBB
, FBB
, Cond
);
434 finalizeBlockChanges(MBB
, NewBB
);
438 bool BranchRelaxation::fixupUnconditionalBranch(MachineInstr
&MI
) {
439 MachineBasicBlock
*MBB
= MI
.getParent();
441 unsigned OldBrSize
= TII
->getInstSizeInBytes(MI
);
442 MachineBasicBlock
*DestBB
= TII
->getBranchDestBlock(MI
);
444 int64_t DestOffset
= BlockInfo
[DestBB
->getNumber()].Offset
;
445 int64_t SrcOffset
= getInstrOffset(MI
);
447 assert(!TII
->isBranchOffsetInRange(MI
.getOpcode(), DestOffset
- SrcOffset
));
449 BlockInfo
[MBB
->getNumber()].Size
-= OldBrSize
;
451 MachineBasicBlock
*BranchBB
= MBB
;
453 // If this was an expanded conditional branch, there is already a single
454 // unconditional branch in a block.
456 BranchBB
= createNewBlockAfter(*MBB
);
459 for (const MachineBasicBlock
*Succ
: MBB
->successors()) {
460 for (const MachineBasicBlock::RegisterMaskPair
&LiveIn
: Succ
->liveins())
461 BranchBB
->addLiveIn(LiveIn
);
464 BranchBB
->sortUniqueLiveIns();
465 BranchBB
->addSuccessor(DestBB
);
466 MBB
->replaceSuccessor(DestBB
, BranchBB
);
469 DebugLoc DL
= MI
.getDebugLoc();
470 MI
.eraseFromParent();
471 BlockInfo
[BranchBB
->getNumber()].Size
+= TII
->insertIndirectBranch(
472 *BranchBB
, *DestBB
, DL
, DestOffset
- SrcOffset
, RS
.get());
474 adjustBlockOffsets(*MBB
);
478 bool BranchRelaxation::relaxBranchInstructions() {
479 bool Changed
= false;
481 // Relaxing branches involves creating new basic blocks, so re-eval
482 // end() for termination.
483 for (MachineFunction::iterator I
= MF
->begin(); I
!= MF
->end(); ++I
) {
484 MachineBasicBlock
&MBB
= *I
;
487 MachineBasicBlock::iterator Last
= MBB
.getLastNonDebugInstr();
488 if (Last
== MBB
.end())
491 // Expand the unconditional branch first if necessary. If there is a
492 // conditional branch, this will end up changing the branch destination of
493 // it to be over the newly inserted indirect branch block, which may avoid
494 // the need to try expanding the conditional branch first, saving an extra
496 if (Last
->isUnconditionalBranch()) {
497 // Unconditional branch destination might be unanalyzable, assume these
499 if (MachineBasicBlock
*DestBB
= TII
->getBranchDestBlock(*Last
)) {
500 if (!isBlockInRange(*Last
, *DestBB
)) {
501 fixupUnconditionalBranch(*Last
);
502 ++NumUnconditionalRelaxed
;
508 // Loop over the conditional branches.
509 MachineBasicBlock::iterator Next
;
510 for (MachineBasicBlock::iterator J
= MBB
.getFirstTerminator();
511 J
!= MBB
.end(); J
= Next
) {
513 MachineInstr
&MI
= *J
;
515 if (MI
.isConditionalBranch()) {
516 MachineBasicBlock
*DestBB
= TII
->getBranchDestBlock(MI
);
517 if (!isBlockInRange(MI
, *DestBB
)) {
518 if (Next
!= MBB
.end() && Next
->isConditionalBranch()) {
519 // If there are multiple conditional branches, this isn't an
520 // analyzable block. Split later terminators into a new block so
521 // each one will be analyzable.
523 splitBlockBeforeInstr(*Next
, DestBB
);
525 fixupConditionalBranch(MI
);
526 ++NumConditionalRelaxed
;
531 // This may have modified all of the terminators, so start over.
532 Next
= MBB
.getFirstTerminator();
541 bool BranchRelaxation::runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction
&mf
) {
544 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "***** BranchRelaxation *****\n");
546 const TargetSubtargetInfo
&ST
= MF
->getSubtarget();
547 TII
= ST
.getInstrInfo();
549 TRI
= ST
.getRegisterInfo();
550 if (TRI
->trackLivenessAfterRegAlloc(*MF
))
551 RS
.reset(new RegScavenger());
553 // Renumber all of the machine basic blocks in the function, guaranteeing that
554 // the numbers agree with the position of the block in the function.
555 MF
->RenumberBlocks();
557 // Do the initial scan of the function, building up information about the
558 // sizes of each block.
561 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Basic blocks before relaxation\n"; dumpBBs(););
563 bool MadeChange
= false;
564 while (relaxBranchInstructions())
567 // After a while, this might be made debug-only, but it is not expensive.
570 LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " Basic blocks after relaxation\n\n"; dumpBBs());