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2 How To Build Clang and LLVM with Profile-Guided Optimizations
3 =============================================================
8 PGO (Profile-Guided Optimization) allows your compiler to better optimize code
9 for how it actually runs. Users report that applying this to Clang and LLVM can
10 decrease overall compile time by 20%.
12 This guide walks you through how to build Clang with PGO, though it also applies
13 to other subprojects, such as LLD.
15 If you want to build other software with PGO, see the `end-user documentation
16 for PGO <https://clang.llvm.org/docs/UsersManual.html#profile-guided-optimization>`_.
19 Using preconfigured CMake caches
20 ================================
22 See https://llvm.org/docs/AdvancedBuilds.html#multi-stage-pgo
27 We have a script at ``utils/collect_and_build_with_pgo.py``. This script is
28 tested on a few Linux flavors, and requires a checkout of LLVM, Clang, and
29 compiler-rt. Despite the name, it performs four clean builds of Clang, so it
30 can take a while to run to completion. Please see the script's ``--help`` for
31 more information on how to run it, and the different options available to you.
32 If you want to get the most out of PGO for a particular use-case (e.g. compiling
33 a specific large piece of software), please do read the section below on
34 'benchmark' selection.
36 Please note that this script is only tested on a few Linux distros. Patches to
37 add support for other platforms, as always, are highly appreciated. :)
39 This script also supports a ``--dry-run`` option, which causes it to print
40 important commands instead of running them.
43 Selecting 'benchmarks'
44 ======================
46 PGO does best when the profiles gathered represent how the user plans to use the
47 compiler. Notably, highly accurate profiles of llc building x86_64 code aren't
48 incredibly helpful if you're going to be targeting ARM.
50 By default, the script above does two things to get solid coverage. It:
52 - runs all of Clang and LLVM's lit tests, and
53 - uses the instrumented Clang to build Clang, LLVM, and all of the other
54 LLVM subprojects available to it.
56 Together, these should give you:
58 - solid coverage of building C++,
59 - good coverage of building C,
60 - great coverage of running optimizations,
61 - great coverage of the backend for your host's architecture, and
62 - some coverage of other architectures (if other arches are supported backends).
64 Altogether, this should cover a diverse set of uses for Clang and LLVM. If you
65 have very specific needs (e.g. your compiler is meant to compile a large browser
66 for four different platforms, or similar), you may want to do something else.
67 This is configurable in the script itself.
70 Building Clang with PGO
71 =======================
73 If you prefer to not use the script or the cmake cache, this briefly goes over
74 how to build Clang/LLVM with PGO.
76 First, you should have at least LLVM, Clang, and compiler-rt checked out
79 Next, at a high level, you're going to need to do the following:
81 1. Build a standard Release Clang and the relevant libclang_rt.profile library
82 2. Build Clang using the Clang you built above, but with instrumentation
83 3. Use the instrumented Clang to generate profiles, which consists of two steps:
85 - Running the instrumented Clang/LLVM/lld/etc. on tasks that represent how
86 users will use said tools.
87 - Using a tool to convert the "raw" profiles generated above into a single,
90 4. Build a final release Clang (along with whatever other binaries you need)
91 using the profile collected from your benchmark
93 In more detailed steps:
95 1. Configure a Clang build as you normally would. It's highly recommended that
96 you use the Release configuration for this, since it will be used to build
97 another Clang. Because you need Clang and supporting libraries, you'll want
98 to build the ``all`` target (e.g. ``ninja all`` or ``make -j4 all``).
100 2. Configure a Clang build as above, but add the following CMake args:
102 - ``-DLLVM_BUILD_INSTRUMENTED=IR`` -- This causes us to build everything
103 with instrumentation.
104 - ``-DLLVM_BUILD_RUNTIME=No`` -- A few projects have bad interactions when
105 built with profiling, and aren't necessary to build. This flag turns them
107 - ``-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=/path/to/stage1/clang`` - Use the Clang we built in
109 - ``-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/path/to/stage1/clang++`` - Same as above.
111 In this build directory, you simply need to build the ``clang`` target (and
112 whatever supporting tooling your benchmark requires).
114 3. As mentioned above, this has two steps: gathering profile data, and then
115 massaging it into a useful form:
117 a. Build your benchmark using the Clang generated in step 2. The 'standard'
118 benchmark recommended is to run ``check-clang`` and ``check-llvm`` in your
119 instrumented Clang's build directory, and to do a full build of Clang/LLVM
120 using your instrumented Clang. So, create yet another build directory,
121 with the following CMake arguments:
123 - ``-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=/path/to/stage2/clang`` - Use the Clang we built in
125 - ``-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/path/to/stage2/clang++`` - Same as above.
127 If your users are fans of debug info, you may want to consider using
128 ``-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RelWithDebInfo`` instead of
129 ``-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release``. This will grant better coverage of
130 debug info pieces of clang, but will take longer to complete and will
131 result in a much larger build directory.
133 It's recommended to build the ``all`` target with your instrumented Clang,
134 since more coverage is often better.
136 b. You should now have a few ``*.profraw`` files in
137 ``path/to/stage2/profiles/``. You need to merge these using
138 ``llvm-profdata`` (even if you only have one! The profile merge transforms
139 profraw into actual profile data, as well). This can be done with
140 ``/path/to/stage1/llvm-profdata merge
141 -output=/path/to/output/profdata.prof path/to/stage2/profiles/*.profraw``.
143 4. Now, build your final, PGO-optimized Clang. To do this, you'll want to pass
144 the following additional arguments to CMake.
146 - ``-DLLVM_PROFDATA_FILE=/path/to/output/profdata.prof`` - Use the PGO
147 profile from the previous step.
148 - ``-DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=/path/to/stage1/clang`` - Use the Clang we built in
150 - ``-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=/path/to/stage1/clang++`` - Same as above.
152 From here, you can build whatever targets you need.
155 You may see warnings about a mismatched profile in the build output. These
156 are generally harmless. To silence them, you can add
157 ``-DCMAKE_C_FLAGS='-Wno-backend-plugin'
158 -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS='-Wno-backend-plugin'`` to your CMake invocation.
161 Congrats! You now have a Clang built with profile-guided optimizations, and you
162 can delete all but the final build directory if you'd like.
164 If this worked well for you and you plan on doing it often, there's a slight
165 optimization that can be made: LLVM and Clang have a tool called tblgen that's
166 built and run during the build process. While it's potentially nice to build
167 this for coverage as part of step 3, none of your other builds should benefit
168 from building it. You can pass the CMake option
169 ``-DLLVM_NATIVE_TOOL_DIR=/path/to/stage1/bin``
170 to steps 2 and onward to avoid these useless rebuilds.