10 .. _build instructions:
12 The instructions on this page are aimed at vendors who ship libc++ as part of an
13 operating system distribution, a toolchain or similar shipping vehicules. If you
14 are a user merely trying to use libc++ in your program, you most likely want to
15 refer to your vendor's documentation, or to the general documentation for using
16 libc++ :ref:`here <using-libcxx>`.
19 If your operating system already provides libc++, it is important to be careful
20 not to replace it. Replacing your system's libc++ installation could render it
21 non-functional. Use the CMake option ``CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX`` to select a safe
22 place to install libc++.
28 The default way of building libc++, libc++abi and libunwind is to root the CMake
29 invocation at ``<monorepo>/runtimes``. While those projects are under the LLVM
30 umbrella, they are different in nature from other build tools, so it makes sense
31 to treat them as a separate set of entities. The default build can be achieved
32 with the following CMake invocation:
36 $ git clone https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project.git
39 $ cmake -G Ninja -S runtimes -B build -DLLVM_ENABLE_RUNTIMES="libcxx;libcxxabi;libunwind" # Configure
40 $ ninja -C build cxx cxxabi unwind # Build
41 $ ninja -C build check-cxx check-cxxabi check-unwind # Test
42 $ ninja -C build install-cxx install-cxxabi install-unwind # Install
45 See :ref:`CMake Options` below for more configuration options.
47 After building the various ``install-XXX`` targets, shared libraries for libc++, libc++abi and
48 libunwind should now be present in ``<CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX>/lib``, and headers in
49 ``<CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX>/include/c++/v1``. See :ref:`using an alternate libc++ installation
50 <alternate libcxx>` for information on how to use this libc++ over the default one.
52 In the default configuration, the runtimes will be built using the compiler available by default
53 on your system. Of course, you can change what compiler is being used with the usual CMake
54 variables. If you wish to build the runtimes from a just-built Clang, the bootstrapping build
55 explained below makes this task easy.
61 It is possible to build Clang and then build the runtimes using that just-built compiler in a
62 single CMake invocation. This is usually the correct way to build the runtimes when putting together
63 a toolchain, or when the system compiler is not adequate to build them (too old, unsupported, etc.).
64 To do this, use the following CMake invocation, and in particular notice how we're now rooting the
65 CMake invocation at ``<monorepo>/llvm``:
70 $ cmake -G Ninja -S llvm -B build -DLLVM_ENABLE_PROJECTS="clang" \ # Configure
71 -DLLVM_ENABLE_RUNTIMES="libcxx;libcxxabi;libunwind" \
72 -DLLVM_RUNTIME_TARGETS="<target-triple>"
73 $ ninja -C build runtimes # Build
74 $ ninja -C build check-runtimes # Test
75 $ ninja -C build install-runtimes # Install
78 This type of build is also commonly called a "Runtimes build", but we would like to move
79 away from that terminology, which is too confusing.
84 libcxx supports being built with clang-cl, but not with MSVC's cl.exe, as
85 cl doesn't support the ``#include_next`` extension. Furthermore, VS 2017 or
86 newer (19.14) is required.
88 libcxx also supports being built with clang targeting MinGW environments.
93 Building with Visual Studio currently does not permit running tests. However,
94 it is the simplest way to build.
98 > cmake -G "Visual Studio 16 2019" -S runtimes -B build ^
100 -DLLVM_ENABLE_RUNTIMES=libcxx ^
101 -DLIBCXX_ENABLE_SHARED=YES ^
102 -DLIBCXX_ENABLE_STATIC=NO
103 > cmake --build build
108 Building with ninja is required for development to enable tests.
109 A couple of tests require Bash to be available, and a couple dozens
110 of tests require other posix tools (cp, grep and similar - LLVM's tests
111 require the same). Without those tools the vast majority of tests
112 can still be ran successfully.
114 If Git for Windows is available, that can be used to provide the bash
115 shell by adding the right bin directory to the path, e.g.
116 ``set PATH=%PATH%;C:\Program Files\Git\usr\bin``.
118 Alternatively, one can also choose to run the whole build in a MSYS2
119 shell. That can be set up e.g. by starting a Visual Studio Tools Command
120 Prompt (for getting the environment variables pointing to the headers and
121 import libraries), and making sure that clang-cl is available in the
122 path. From there, launch an MSYS2 shell via e.g.
123 ``C:\msys64\msys2_shell.cmd -full-path -mingw64`` (preserving the earlier
124 environment, allowing the MSVC headers/libraries and clang-cl to be found).
126 In either case, then run:
128 .. code-block:: batch
130 > cmake -G Ninja -S runtimes -B build ^
131 -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang-cl ^
132 -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang-cl ^
133 -DLLVM_ENABLE_RUNTIMES=libcxx
135 > ninja -C build check-cxx
137 If you are running in an MSYS2 shell and you have installed the
138 MSYS2-provided clang package (which defaults to a non-MSVC target), you
139 should add e.g. ``-DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_TARGET=x86_64-windows-msvc`` (replacing
140 ``x86_64`` with the architecture you're targeting) to the ``cmake`` command
141 line above. This will instruct ``check-cxx`` to use the right target triple
142 when invoking ``clang++``.
144 Also note that if not building in Release mode, a failed assert in the tests
145 pops up a blocking dialog box, making it hard to run a larger number of tests.
147 CMake + ninja (MinGW)
148 ---------------------
150 libcxx can also be built in MinGW environments, e.g. with the MinGW
151 compilers in MSYS2. This requires clang to be available (installed with
152 e.g. the ``mingw-w64-x86_64-clang`` package), together with CMake and ninja.
156 > cmake -G Ninja -S runtimes -B build \
157 -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=clang \
158 -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=clang++ \
159 -DLLVM_ENABLE_RUNTIMES=libcxx \
160 -DLIBCXX_CXX_ABI=libstdc++ \
161 -DLIBCXX_TARGET_INFO="libcxx.test.target_info.MingwLocalTI"
163 > cp /mingw64/bin/{libstdc++-6,libgcc_s_seh-1,libwinpthread-1}.dll lib
164 > ninja -C build check-cxx
166 As this build configuration ends up depending on a couple other DLLs that
167 aren't available in path while running tests, copy them into the same
168 directory as the tested libc++ DLL.
170 (Building a libc++ that depends on libstdc++ isn't necessarily a config one
171 would want to deploy, but it simplifies the config for testing purposes.)
173 .. _`libc++abi`: http://libcxxabi.llvm.org/
181 Here are some of the CMake variables that are used often, along with a
182 brief explanation and LLVM-specific notes. For full documentation, check the
183 CMake docs or execute ``cmake --help-variable VARIABLE_NAME``.
185 **CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE**:STRING
186 Sets the build type for ``make`` based generators. Possible values are
187 Release, Debug, RelWithDebInfo and MinSizeRel. On systems like Visual Studio
188 the user sets the build type with the IDE settings.
190 **CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX**:PATH
191 Path where LLVM will be installed if "make install" is invoked or the
192 "INSTALL" target is built.
194 **CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER**:STRING
195 The C++ compiler to use when building and testing libc++.
198 .. _libcxx-specific options:
200 libc++ specific options
201 -----------------------
203 .. option:: LIBCXX_INSTALL_LIBRARY:BOOL
207 Toggle the installation of the library portion of libc++.
209 .. option:: LIBCXX_INSTALL_HEADERS:BOOL
213 Toggle the installation of the libc++ headers.
215 .. option:: LIBCXX_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS:BOOL
219 Build libc++ with assertions enabled in the compiled library, and enable assertions
220 by default when building user code as well. Assertions can be turned off by users
221 by defining ``_LIBCPP_ENABLE_ASSERTIONS=0``. For details, see
222 :ref:`the documentation <assertions-mode>`.
224 .. option:: LIBCXX_ENABLE_SHARED:BOOL
228 Build libc++ as a shared library. Either `LIBCXX_ENABLE_SHARED` or
229 `LIBCXX_ENABLE_STATIC` has to be enabled.
231 .. option:: LIBCXX_ENABLE_STATIC:BOOL
235 Build libc++ as a static library. Either `LIBCXX_ENABLE_SHARED` or
236 `LIBCXX_ENABLE_STATIC` has to be enabled.
238 .. option:: LIBCXX_LIBDIR_SUFFIX:STRING
240 Extra suffix to append to the directory where libraries are to be installed.
241 This option overrides `LLVM_LIBDIR_SUFFIX`.
243 .. option:: LIBCXX_HERMETIC_STATIC_LIBRARY:BOOL
247 Do not export any symbols from the static libc++ library.
248 This is useful when the static libc++ library is being linked into shared
249 libraries that may be used in with other shared libraries that use different
250 C++ library. We want to avoid exporting any libc++ symbols in that case.
252 .. option:: LIBCXX_ENABLE_FILESYSTEM:BOOL
254 **Default**: ``ON`` except on Windows when using MSVC.
256 This option can be used to enable or disable the filesystem components on
257 platforms that may not support them. For example on Windows when using MSVC.
259 .. option:: LIBCXX_ENABLE_WIDE_CHARACTERS:BOOL
263 This option can be used to disable support for ``wchar_t`` in the library. It also
264 allows the library to work on top of a C Standard Library that does not provide
265 support for ``wchar_t``. This is especially useful in embedded settings where
266 C Standard Libraries don't always provide all the usual bells and whistles.
268 .. option:: LIBCXX_INSTALL_LIBRARY_DIR:PATH
270 **Default**: ``lib${LIBCXX_LIBDIR_SUFFIX}``
272 Path where built libc++ libraries should be installed. If a relative path,
273 relative to ``CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX``.
275 .. option:: LIBCXX_INSTALL_INCLUDE_DIR:PATH
277 **Default**: ``include/c++/v1``
279 Path where target-agnostic libc++ headers should be installed. If a relative
280 path, relative to ``CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX``.
282 .. option:: LIBCXX_INSTALL_INCLUDE_TARGET_DIR:PATH
284 **Default**: ``include/c++/v1`` or
285 ``include/${LLVM_DEFAULT_TARGET_TRIPLE}/c++/v1``
287 Path where target-specific libc++ headers should be installed. If a relative
288 path, relative to ``CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX``.
291 .. _ABI Library Specific Options:
293 ABI Library Specific Options
294 ----------------------------
296 .. option:: LIBCXX_CXX_ABI:STRING
298 **Values**: ``none``, ``libcxxabi``, ``system-libcxxabi``, ``libcxxrt``, ``libstdc++``, ``libsupc++``, ``vcruntime``.
300 Select the ABI library to build libc++ against.
302 .. option:: LIBCXX_CXX_ABI_INCLUDE_PATHS:PATHS
304 Provide additional search paths for the ABI library headers.
306 .. option:: LIBCXX_CXX_ABI_LIBRARY_PATH:PATH
308 Provide the path to the ABI library that libc++ should link against. This is only
309 useful when linking against an out-of-tree ABI library.
311 .. option:: LIBCXX_ENABLE_STATIC_ABI_LIBRARY:BOOL
315 If this option is enabled, libc++ will try and link the selected ABI library
318 .. option:: LIBCXX_ENABLE_ABI_LINKER_SCRIPT:BOOL
320 **Default**: ``ON`` by default on UNIX platforms other than Apple unless
321 'LIBCXX_ENABLE_STATIC_ABI_LIBRARY' is ON. Otherwise the default value is ``OFF``.
323 This option generate and installs a linker script as ``libc++.so`` which
324 links the correct ABI library.
326 .. option:: LIBCXXABI_USE_LLVM_UNWINDER:BOOL
330 Build and use the LLVM unwinder. Note: This option can only be used when
331 libc++abi is the C++ ABI library used.
334 libc++ Feature Options
335 ----------------------
337 .. option:: LIBCXX_ENABLE_EXCEPTIONS:BOOL
341 Build libc++ with exception support.
343 .. option:: LIBCXX_ENABLE_RTTI:BOOL
347 Build libc++ with run time type information.
349 .. option:: LIBCXX_INCLUDE_TESTS:BOOL
351 **Default**: ``ON`` (or value of ``LLVM_INCLUDE_TESTS``)
353 Build the libc++ tests.
355 .. option:: LIBCXX_INCLUDE_BENCHMARKS:BOOL
359 Build the libc++ benchmark tests and the Google Benchmark library needed
362 .. option:: LIBCXX_BENCHMARK_TEST_ARGS:STRING
364 **Default**: ``--benchmark_min_time=0.01``
366 A semicolon list of arguments to pass when running the libc++ benchmarks using the
367 ``check-cxx-benchmarks`` rule. By default we run the benchmarks for a very short amount of time,
368 since the primary use of ``check-cxx-benchmarks`` is to get test and sanitizer coverage, not to
369 get accurate measurements.
371 .. option:: LIBCXX_BENCHMARK_NATIVE_STDLIB:STRING
375 **Values**:: ``libc++``, ``libstdc++``
377 Build the libc++ benchmark tests and Google Benchmark library against the
378 specified standard library on the platform. On Linux this can be used to
379 compare libc++ to libstdc++ by building the benchmark tests against both
382 .. option:: LIBCXX_BENCHMARK_NATIVE_GCC_TOOLCHAIN:STRING
384 Use the specified GCC toolchain and standard library when building the native
385 stdlib benchmark tests.
388 libc++ ABI Feature Options
389 --------------------------
391 The following options allow building libc++ for a different ABI version.
393 .. option:: LIBCXX_ABI_VERSION:STRING
397 Defines the target ABI version of libc++.
399 .. option:: LIBCXX_ABI_UNSTABLE:BOOL
403 Build the "unstable" ABI version of libc++. Includes all ABI changing features
404 on top of the current stable version.
406 .. option:: LIBCXX_ABI_NAMESPACE:STRING
408 **Default**: ``__n`` where ``n`` is the current ABI version.
410 This option defines the name of the inline ABI versioning namespace. It can be used for building
411 custom versions of libc++ with unique symbol names in order to prevent conflicts or ODR issues
412 with other libc++ versions.
415 When providing a custom namespace, it's the user's responsibility to ensure the name won't cause
416 conflicts with other names defined by libc++, both now and in the future. In particular, inline
417 namespaces of the form ``__[0-9]+`` could cause conflicts with future versions of the library,
418 and so should be avoided.
420 .. option:: LIBCXX_ABI_DEFINES:STRING
424 A semicolon-separated list of ABI macros to persist in the site config header.
425 See ``include/__config`` for the list of ABI macros.
428 .. _LLVM-specific variables:
430 LLVM-specific options
431 ---------------------
433 .. option:: LLVM_LIBDIR_SUFFIX:STRING
435 Extra suffix to append to the directory where libraries are to be
436 installed. On a 64-bit architecture, one could use ``-DLLVM_LIBDIR_SUFFIX=64``
437 to install libraries to ``/usr/lib64``.
439 .. option:: LLVM_BUILD_32_BITS:BOOL
441 Build 32-bits executables and libraries on 64-bits systems. This option is
442 available only on some 64-bits Unix systems. Defaults to OFF.
444 .. option:: LLVM_LIT_ARGS:STRING
446 Arguments given to lit. ``make check`` and ``make clang-test`` are affected.
447 By default, ``'-sv --no-progress-bar'`` on Visual C++ and Xcode, ``'-sv'`` on
451 Using Alternate ABI libraries
452 =============================
454 In order to implement various features like exceptions, RTTI, ``dynamic_cast`` and
455 more, libc++ requires what we refer to as an ABI library. Typically, that library
456 implements the `Itanium C++ ABI <https://itanium-cxx-abi.github.io/cxx-abi/abi.html>`_.
458 By default, libc++ uses libc++abi as an ABI library. However, it is possible to use
459 other ABI libraries too.
461 Using libsupc++ on Linux
462 ------------------------
464 You will need libstdc++ in order to provide libsupc++.
466 Figure out where the libsupc++ headers are on your system. On Ubuntu this
467 is ``/usr/include/c++/<version>`` and ``/usr/include/c++/<version>/<target-triple>``
469 You can also figure this out by running
473 $ echo | g++ -Wp,-v -x c++ - -fsyntax-only
474 ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include/x86_64-linux-gnu"
475 ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/../../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/include"
476 #include "..." search starts here:
477 #include <...> search starts here:
479 /usr/include/c++/4.7/x86_64-linux-gnu
480 /usr/include/c++/4.7/backward
481 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/include
483 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.7/include-fixed
484 /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu
488 Note that the first two entries happen to be what we are looking for. This
489 may not be correct on all platforms.
491 We can now run CMake:
495 $ cmake -G Ninja -S runtimes -B build \
496 -DLLVM_ENABLE_RUNTIMES="libcxx" \
497 -DLIBCXX_CXX_ABI=libstdc++ \
498 -DLIBCXX_CXX_ABI_INCLUDE_PATHS="/usr/include/c++/4.7/;/usr/include/c++/4.7/x86_64-linux-gnu/"
499 $ ninja -C build install-cxx
502 You can also substitute ``-DLIBCXX_CXX_ABI=libsupc++``
503 above, which will cause the library to be linked to libsupc++ instead
504 of libstdc++, but this is only recommended if you know that you will
505 never need to link against libstdc++ in the same executable as libc++.
506 GCC ships libsupc++ separately but only as a static library. If a
507 program also needs to link against libstdc++, it will provide its
508 own copy of libsupc++ and this can lead to subtle problems.
510 Using libcxxrt on Linux
511 ------------------------
513 You will need to keep the source tree of `libcxxrt`_ available
514 on your build machine and your copy of the libcxxrt shared library must
515 be placed where your linker will find it.
517 We can now run CMake like:
521 $ cmake -G Ninja -S runtimes -B build \
522 -DLLVM_ENABLE_RUNTIMES="libcxx" \
523 -DLIBCXX_CXX_ABI=libcxxrt \
524 -DLIBCXX_CXX_ABI_INCLUDE_PATHS=path/to/libcxxrt-sources/src
525 $ ninja -C build install-cxx
527 Unfortunately you can't simply run clang with "-stdlib=libc++" at this point, as
528 clang is set up to link for libc++ linked to libsupc++. To get around this
529 you'll have to set up your linker yourself (or patch clang). For example,
533 $ clang++ -stdlib=libc++ helloworld.cpp \
534 -nodefaultlibs -lc++ -lcxxrt -lm -lc -lgcc_s -lgcc
536 Alternately, you could just add libcxxrt to your libraries list, which in most
537 situations will give the same result:
541 $ clang++ -stdlib=libc++ helloworld.cpp -lcxxrt
543 .. _`libcxxrt`: https://github.com/libcxxrt/libcxxrt