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2 API Notes: Annotations Without Modifying Headers
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5 **The Problem:** You have headers you want to use, but you also want to add
6 extra information to the API. You don't want to put that information in the
7 headers themselves --- perhaps because you want to keep them clean for other
8 clients, or perhaps because they're from some open source project and you don't
9 want to modify them at all.
11 **Incomplete solution:** Redeclare all the interesting parts of the API in your
12 own header and add the attributes you want. Unfortunately, this:
14 * doesn't work with attributes that must be present on a definition
15 * doesn't allow changing the definition in other ways
16 * requires your header to be included in any client code to take effect
18 **Better solution:** Provide a "sidecar" file with the information you want to
19 add, and have that automatically get picked up by the module-building logic in
24 API notes use a YAML-based file format. YAML is a format best explained by
25 example, so here is a `small example
26 <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/blob/main/clang/test/APINotes/Inputs/Frameworks/SomeKit.framework/Headers/SomeKit.apinotes>`_
27 from the compiler test suite of API
28 notes for a hypothetical "SomeKit" framework.
34 API notes files are found relative to the module map that defines a module,
35 under the name "SomeKit.apinotes" for a module named "SomeKit". Additionally, a
36 file named "SomeKit_private.apinotes" will also be picked up to go with a
37 private module map. For bare modules these two files will be in the same
38 directory as the corresponding module map; for framework modules, they should
39 be placed in the Headers and PrivateHeaders directories, respectively. The
40 module map for a private top-level framework module should be placed in the
41 PrivateHeaders directory as well, though it does not need an additional
42 "_private" suffix on its name.
44 Clang will search for API notes files next to module maps only when passed the
45 ``-fapi-notes-modules`` option.
51 - Since they're identified by module name, API notes cannot be used to modify
52 arbitrary textual headers.
58 Many API notes affect how a C API is imported into Swift. In order to change
59 that behavior while still remaining backwards-compatible, API notes can be
60 selectively applied based on the Swift compatibility version provided to the
61 compiler (e.g. ``-fapi-notes-swift-version=5``). The rule is that an
62 explicitly-versioned API note applies to that version *and all earlier
63 versions,* and any applicable explicitly-versioned API note takes precedence
64 over an unversioned API note.
70 An API notes file contains a YAML dictionary with the following top-level
75 The name of the module (the framework name, for frameworks). Note that this
76 is always the name of a top-level module, even within a private API notes
83 :Classes, Protocols, Tags, Typedefs, Globals, Enumerators, Functions, Namespaces:
85 Arrays of top-level declarations. Each entry in the array must have a
86 'Name' key with its Objective-C or C++ name. "Tags" refers to structs,
87 C++ classes, enums, and unions; "Classes" refers to Objective-C classes;
88 "Enumerators" refers to enum cases.
100 Contains explicit information for backwards compatibility. Each entry in
101 the array contains a 'Version' key, which should be set to '4' for
102 annotations that only apply to Swift 4 mode and earlier. The other entries
103 in this dictionary are the same declaration entries as at the top level:
104 Classes, Protocols, Tags, Typedefs, Globals, Enumerators, and Functions.
113 Each entry under 'Classes' and 'Protocols' can contain "Methods" and
114 "Properties" arrays, in addition to the attributes described below:
118 Identified by 'Selector' and 'MethodKind'; the MethodKind is either
119 "Instance" or "Class".
124 - Name: UIViewController
126 - Selector: "presentViewController:animated:"
132 Identified by 'Name' and 'PropertyKind'; the PropertyKind is also either
133 "Instance" or "Class".
141 PropertyKind: Instance
144 Each declaration supports the following annotations (if relevant to that
145 declaration kind), all of which are optional:
149 Equivalent to ``NS_SWIFT_NAME``. For a method, must include the full Swift name
150 with all arguments. Use "_" to omit an argument label.
154 - Selector: "presentViewController:animated:"
156 SwiftName: "present(_:animated:)"
163 For a class, possible values are ``owned`` (equivalent to
164 ``SWIFT_SELF_CONTAINED``) or ``reference`` (equivalent to
165 ``SWIFT_SHARED_REFERENCE``, also requires specifying ``SwiftReleaseOp`` and
168 For a method, possible values are ``unsafe`` (equivalent
169 to ``SWIFT_RETURNS_INDEPENDENT_VALUE``) or ``computed_property`` (equivalent to
170 ``SWIFT_COMPUTED_PROPERTY``).
178 :SwiftRetainOp, SwiftReleaseOp:
180 Controls the lifetime operations of a class which uses custom reference
181 counting. The class must be annotated as a reference type using
182 ``SwiftImportAs: reference``. The values are either names of global functions,
183 each taking a single parameter of a pointer type, or ``immortal`` for a type
184 that is considered alive for the duration of the program.
189 - Name: RefCountedStorage
190 SwiftImportAs: reference
191 SwiftReleaseOp: RCRelease
192 SwiftRetainOp: RCRetain
193 - Name: ImmortalSingleton
194 SwiftImportAs: reference
195 SwiftReleaseOp: immortal
196 SwiftRetainOp: immortal
200 Allows annotating a C++ class as non-copyable in Swift. Equivalent to
201 ``SWIFT_NONCOPYABLE``, or to an explicit conformance ``: ~Copyable``.
211 Allows annotating a C++ class as conforming to a Swift protocol. Equivalent
212 to ``SWIFT_CONFORMS_TO_PROTOCOL``. The value is a module-qualified name of a
219 SwiftConformsTo: Cxx.CxxSequence
221 :Availability, AvailabilityMsg:
223 A value of "nonswift" is equivalent to ``NS_SWIFT_UNAVAILABLE``. A value of
224 "available" can be used in the "SwiftVersions" section to undo the effect of
229 - Selector: "dealloc"
231 Availability: nonswift
232 AvailabilityMsg: "prefer 'deinit'"
236 Equivalent to NS_REFINED_FOR_SWIFT.
240 - Name: CGColorEqualToColor
245 Used for properties and globals. There are four options, identified by their
248 - ``Nonnull`` or ``N`` (corresponding to ``_Nonnull``)
249 - ``Optional`` or ``O`` (corresponding to ``_Nullable``)
250 - ``Unspecified`` or ``U`` (corresponding to ``_Null_unspecified``)
251 - ``Scalar`` or ``S`` (deprecated)
253 Note that 'Nullability' is overridden by 'Type', even in a "SwiftVersions"
258 'Nullability' can also be used to describe the argument types of methods
259 and functions, but this usage is deprecated in favor of 'Parameters' (see
269 Used for methods and functions. Describes the nullability of the return type.
271 Note that 'NullabilityOfRet' is overridden by 'ResultType', even in a
272 "SwiftVersions" section.
276 Due to a compiler bug, 'NullabilityOfRet' may change nullability of the
277 parameters as well (rdar://30544062). Avoid using it and instead use
278 'ResultType' and specify the return type along with a nullability
279 annotation (see documentation for 'ResultType').
283 - Selector: superclass
289 Used for properties and globals. This completely overrides the type of the
290 declaration; it should ideally only be used for Swift backwards
291 compatibility, when existing type information has been made more precise in a
292 header. Prefer 'Nullability' and other annotations when possible.
294 We parse the specified type as if it appeared at the location of the
295 declaration whose type is being modified. Macros are not available and
296 nullability must be applied explicitly (even in an ``NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN``
302 PropertyKind: Instance
307 Used for methods and functions. This completely overrides the return type; it
308 should ideally only be used for Swift backwards compatibility, when existing
309 type information has been made more precise in a header.
311 We parse the specified type as if it appeared at the location of the
312 declaration whose type is being modified. Macros are not available and
313 nullability must be applied explicitly (even in an ``NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN``
318 - Selector: "subviews"
320 ResultType: "NSArray * _Nonnull"
322 :SwiftImportAsAccessors:
324 Used for properties. If true, the property will be exposed in Swift as its
325 accessor methods, rather than as a computed property using ``var``.
329 - Name: currentContext
331 SwiftImportAsAccessors: true
335 Used for ``NSError`` code enums. The value is the name of the associated
336 domain ``NSString`` constant; an empty string (``""``) means the enum is a
337 normal enum rather than an error code.
342 NSErrorDomain: MKErrorDomain
346 Controls ``NS_STRING_ENUM`` and ``NS_EXTENSIBLE_STRING_ENUM``. There are three
349 - "struct" (extensible)
353 Note that even an "enum" wrapper is still presented as a struct in Swift;
354 it's just a "more enum-like" struct.
363 Has the same effect as ``NS_ENUM`` and ``NS_OPTIONS``. There are four options:
365 - "NSEnum" / "CFEnum"
366 - "NSClosedEnum" / "CFClosedEnum"
367 - "NSOptions" / "CFOptions"
377 Used for methods and functions. Parameters are identified by a 0-based
378 'Position' and support the 'Nullability', 'NoEscape', and 'Type' keys.
382 Using 'Parameters' within a parameter entry to describe the parameters of a
383 block is not implemented. Use 'Type' on the entire parameter instead.
387 - Selector: "isEqual:"
395 Used only for block parameters. Equivalent to ``NS_NOESCAPE``.
399 - Name: dispatch_sync
406 Used for Objective-C class types bridged to Swift value types. An empty
407 string ("") means a type is not bridged. Not supported outside of Apple
408 frameworks (the Swift side of it requires conforming to implementation-detail
409 protocols that are subject to change).
414 SwiftBridge: IndexSet
418 Used for init methods. Equivalent to ``NS_DESIGNATED_INITIALIZER``.
422 - Selector: "initWithFrame:"