1 =====================================
3 =====================================
13 The MSF file format consists of the following components:
15 1. :ref:`msf_superblock`
16 2. :ref:`msf_freeblockmap` (also know as Free Page Map, or FPM)
19 Each component is stored as an indexed block, the length of which is specified
20 in ``SuperBlock::BlockSize``. The file consists of 1 or more iterations of the
21 following pattern (sometimes referred to as an "interval"):
24 2. Free Block Map 1 (corresponds to ``SuperBlock::FreeBlockMapBlock`` 1)
25 3. Free Block Map 2 (corresponds to ``SuperBlock::FreeBlockMapBlock`` 2)
26 4. ``SuperBlock::BlockSize - 3`` blocks of data
28 In the first interval, the first data block is used to store
29 :ref:`msf_superblock`.
31 The following diagram demonstrates the general layout of the file (\| denotes
32 the end of an interval, and is for visualization purposes only):
34 +-------------+-----------------------+------------------+------------------+----------+----+------+------+------+-------------+----+-----+
35 | Block Index | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 - 4095 | \| | 4096 | 4097 | 4098 | 4099 - 8191 | \| | ... |
36 +=============+=======================+==================+==================+==========+====+======+======+======+=============+====+=====+
37 | Meaning | :ref:`msf_superblock` | Free Block Map 1 | Free Block Map 2 | Data | \| | Data | FPM1 | FPM2 | Data | \| | ... |
38 +-------------+-----------------------+------------------+------------------+----------+----+------+------+------+-------------+----+-----+
40 The file may end after any block, including immediately after a FPM1.
43 LLVM only supports 4096 byte blocks (sometimes referred to as the "BigMsf"
44 variant), so the rest of this document will assume a block size of 4096.
50 At file offset 0 in an MSF file is the MSF *SuperBlock*, which is laid out as
56 char FileMagic[sizeof(Magic)];
57 ulittle32_t BlockSize;
58 ulittle32_t FreeBlockMapBlock;
59 ulittle32_t NumBlocks;
60 ulittle32_t NumDirectoryBytes;
62 ulittle32_t BlockMapAddr;
65 - **FileMagic** - Must be equal to ``"Microsoft C / C++ MSF 7.00\\r\\n"``
66 followed by the bytes ``1A 44 53 00 00 00``.
67 - **BlockSize** - The block size of the internal file system. Valid values are
68 512, 1024, 2048, and 4096 bytes. Certain aspects of the MSF file layout vary
69 depending on the block sizes. For the purposes of LLVM, we handle only block
70 sizes of 4KiB, and all further discussion assumes a block size of 4KiB.
71 - **FreeBlockMapBlock** - The index of a block within the file, at which begins
72 a bitfield representing the set of all blocks within the file which are "free"
73 (i.e. the data within that block is not used). See :ref:`msf_freeblockmap`
75 **Important**: ``FreeBlockMapBlock`` can only be ``1`` or ``2``!
76 - **NumBlocks** - The total number of blocks in the file. ``NumBlocks *
77 BlockSize`` should equal the size of the file on disk.
78 - **NumDirectoryBytes** - The size of the stream directory, in bytes. The
79 stream directory contains information about each stream's size and the set of
80 blocks that it occupies. It will be described in more detail later.
81 - **BlockMapAddr** - The index of a block within the MSF file. At this block is
82 an array of ``ulittle32_t``'s listing the blocks that the stream directory
83 resides on. For large MSF files, the stream directory (which describes the
84 block layout of each stream) may not fit entirely on a single block. As a
85 result, this extra layer of indirection is introduced, whereby this block
86 contains the list of blocks that the stream directory occupies, and the stream
87 directory itself can be stitched together accordingly. The number of
88 ``ulittle32_t``'s in this array is given by ``ceil(NumDirectoryBytes /
96 The Free Block Map (sometimes referred to as the Free Page Map, or FPM) is a
97 series of blocks which contains a bit flag for every block in the file. The
98 flag will be set to 0 if the block is in use, and 1 if the block is unused.
100 Each file contains two FPMs, one of which is active at any given time. This
101 feature is designed to support incremental and atomic updates of the underlying
102 MSF file. While writing to an MSF file, if the active FPM is FPM1, you can
103 write your new modified bitfield to FPM2, and vice versa. Only when you commit
104 the file to disk do you need to swap the value in the SuperBlock to point to
105 the new ``FreeBlockMapBlock``.
107 The Free Block Maps are stored as a series of single blocks throughout the file
108 at intervals of BlockSize. Because each FPM block is of size ``BlockSize``
109 bytes, it contains 8 times as many bits as an interval has blocks. This means
110 that the first block of each FPM refers to the first 8 intervals of the file
111 (the first 32768 blocks), the second block of each FPM refers to the next 8
112 blocks, and so on. This results in far more FPM blocks being present than are
113 required, but in order to maintain backwards compatibility the format must stay
118 The Stream Directory is the root of all access to the other streams in an MSF
119 file. Beginning at byte 0 of the stream directory is the following structure:
123 struct StreamDirectory {
124 ulittle32_t NumStreams;
125 ulittle32_t StreamSizes[NumStreams];
126 ulittle32_t StreamBlocks[NumStreams][];
129 And this structure occupies exactly ``SuperBlock->NumDirectoryBytes`` bytes.
130 Note that each of the last two arrays is of variable length, and in particular
131 that the second array is jagged.
133 **Example:** Suppose a hypothetical PDB file with a 4KiB block size, and 4
134 streams of lengths {1000 bytes, 8000 bytes, 16000 bytes, 9000 bytes}.
136 Stream 0: ceil(1000 / 4096) = 1 block
138 Stream 1: ceil(8000 / 4096) = 2 blocks
140 Stream 2: ceil(16000 / 4096) = 4 blocks
142 Stream 3: ceil(9000 / 4096) = 3 blocks
144 In total, 10 blocks are used. Let's see what the stream directory might look
149 struct StreamDirectory {
150 ulittle32_t NumStreams = 4;
151 ulittle32_t StreamSizes[] = {1000, 8000, 16000, 9000};
152 ulittle32_t StreamBlocks[][] = {
160 In total, this occupies ``15 * 4 = 60`` bytes, so
161 ``SuperBlock->NumDirectoryBytes`` would equal ``60``, and
162 ``SuperBlock->BlockMapAddr`` would be an array of one ``ulittle32_t``, since
163 ``60 <= SuperBlock->BlockSize``.
165 Note also that the streams are discontiguous, and that part of stream 3 is in the
166 middle of part of stream 2. You cannot assume anything about the layout of the
169 Alignment and Block Boundaries
170 ==============================
171 As may be clear by now, it is possible for a single field (whether it be a high
172 level record, a long string field, or even a single ``uint16``) to begin and
173 end in separate blocks. For example, if the block size is 4096 bytes, and a
174 ``uint16`` field begins at the last byte of the current block, then it would
175 need to end on the first byte of the next block. Since blocks are not
176 necessarily contiguously laid out in the file, this means that both the consumer
177 and the producer of an MSF file must be prepared to split data apart
178 accordingly. In the aforementioned example, the high byte of the ``uint16``
179 would be written to the last byte of block N, and the low byte would be written
180 to the first byte of block N+1, which could be tens of thousands of bytes later
181 (or even earlier!) in the file, depending on what the stream directory says.