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[llvm-project.git] / llvm / lib / Linker / LinkModules.cpp
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1 //===- lib/Linker/LinkModules.cpp - Module Linker Implementation ----------===//
2 //
3 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
4 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
5 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
6 //
7 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
8 //
9 // This file implements the LLVM module linker.
11 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
13 #include "LinkDiagnosticInfo.h"
14 #include "llvm-c/Linker.h"
15 #include "llvm/ADT/SetVector.h"
16 #include "llvm/IR/Comdat.h"
17 #include "llvm/IR/GlobalValue.h"
18 #include "llvm/IR/LLVMContext.h"
19 #include "llvm/IR/Module.h"
20 #include "llvm/Linker/Linker.h"
21 #include "llvm/Support/Error.h"
22 using namespace llvm;
24 namespace {
26 enum class LinkFrom { Dst, Src, Both };
28 /// This is an implementation class for the LinkModules function, which is the
29 /// entrypoint for this file.
30 class ModuleLinker {
31 IRMover &Mover;
32 std::unique_ptr<Module> SrcM;
34 SetVector<GlobalValue *> ValuesToLink;
36 /// For symbol clashes, prefer those from Src.
37 unsigned Flags;
39 /// List of global value names that should be internalized.
40 StringSet<> Internalize;
42 /// Function that will perform the actual internalization. The reason for a
43 /// callback is that the linker cannot call internalizeModule without
44 /// creating a circular dependency between IPO and the linker.
45 std::function<void(Module &, const StringSet<> &)> InternalizeCallback;
47 /// Used as the callback for lazy linking.
48 /// The mover has just hit GV and we have to decide if it, and other members
49 /// of the same comdat, should be linked. Every member to be linked is passed
50 /// to Add.
51 void addLazyFor(GlobalValue &GV, const IRMover::ValueAdder &Add);
53 bool shouldOverrideFromSrc() { return Flags & Linker::OverrideFromSrc; }
54 bool shouldLinkOnlyNeeded() { return Flags & Linker::LinkOnlyNeeded; }
56 bool shouldLinkFromSource(bool &LinkFromSrc, const GlobalValue &Dest,
57 const GlobalValue &Src);
59 /// Should we have mover and linker error diag info?
60 bool emitError(const Twine &Message) {
61 SrcM->getContext().diagnose(LinkDiagnosticInfo(DS_Error, Message));
62 return true;
65 bool getComdatLeader(Module &M, StringRef ComdatName,
66 const GlobalVariable *&GVar);
67 bool computeResultingSelectionKind(StringRef ComdatName,
68 Comdat::SelectionKind Src,
69 Comdat::SelectionKind Dst,
70 Comdat::SelectionKind &Result,
71 LinkFrom &From);
72 DenseMap<const Comdat *, std::pair<Comdat::SelectionKind, LinkFrom>>
73 ComdatsChosen;
74 bool getComdatResult(const Comdat *SrcC, Comdat::SelectionKind &SK,
75 LinkFrom &From);
76 // Keep track of the lazy linked global members of each comdat in source.
77 DenseMap<const Comdat *, std::vector<GlobalValue *>> LazyComdatMembers;
79 /// Given a global in the source module, return the global in the
80 /// destination module that is being linked to, if any.
81 GlobalValue *getLinkedToGlobal(const GlobalValue *SrcGV) {
82 Module &DstM = Mover.getModule();
83 // If the source has no name it can't link. If it has local linkage,
84 // there is no name match-up going on.
85 if (!SrcGV->hasName() || GlobalValue::isLocalLinkage(SrcGV->getLinkage()))
86 return nullptr;
88 // Otherwise see if we have a match in the destination module's symtab.
89 GlobalValue *DGV = DstM.getNamedValue(SrcGV->getName());
90 if (!DGV)
91 return nullptr;
93 // If we found a global with the same name in the dest module, but it has
94 // internal linkage, we are really not doing any linkage here.
95 if (DGV->hasLocalLinkage())
96 return nullptr;
98 // Otherwise, we do in fact link to the destination global.
99 return DGV;
102 /// Drop GV if it is a member of a comdat that we are dropping.
103 /// This can happen with COFF's largest selection kind.
104 void dropReplacedComdat(GlobalValue &GV,
105 const DenseSet<const Comdat *> &ReplacedDstComdats);
107 bool linkIfNeeded(GlobalValue &GV, SmallVectorImpl<GlobalValue *> &GVToClone);
109 public:
110 ModuleLinker(IRMover &Mover, std::unique_ptr<Module> SrcM, unsigned Flags,
111 std::function<void(Module &, const StringSet<> &)>
112 InternalizeCallback = {})
113 : Mover(Mover), SrcM(std::move(SrcM)), Flags(Flags),
114 InternalizeCallback(std::move(InternalizeCallback)) {}
116 bool run();
118 } // namespace
120 static GlobalValue::VisibilityTypes
121 getMinVisibility(GlobalValue::VisibilityTypes A,
122 GlobalValue::VisibilityTypes B) {
123 if (A == GlobalValue::HiddenVisibility || B == GlobalValue::HiddenVisibility)
124 return GlobalValue::HiddenVisibility;
125 if (A == GlobalValue::ProtectedVisibility ||
126 B == GlobalValue::ProtectedVisibility)
127 return GlobalValue::ProtectedVisibility;
128 return GlobalValue::DefaultVisibility;
131 bool ModuleLinker::getComdatLeader(Module &M, StringRef ComdatName,
132 const GlobalVariable *&GVar) {
133 const GlobalValue *GVal = M.getNamedValue(ComdatName);
134 if (const auto *GA = dyn_cast_or_null<GlobalAlias>(GVal)) {
135 GVal = GA->getAliaseeObject();
136 if (!GVal)
137 // We cannot resolve the size of the aliasee yet.
138 return emitError("Linking COMDATs named '" + ComdatName +
139 "': COMDAT key involves incomputable alias size.");
142 GVar = dyn_cast_or_null<GlobalVariable>(GVal);
143 if (!GVar)
144 return emitError(
145 "Linking COMDATs named '" + ComdatName +
146 "': GlobalVariable required for data dependent selection!");
148 return false;
151 bool ModuleLinker::computeResultingSelectionKind(StringRef ComdatName,
152 Comdat::SelectionKind Src,
153 Comdat::SelectionKind Dst,
154 Comdat::SelectionKind &Result,
155 LinkFrom &From) {
156 Module &DstM = Mover.getModule();
157 // The ability to mix Comdat::SelectionKind::Any with
158 // Comdat::SelectionKind::Largest is a behavior that comes from COFF.
159 bool DstAnyOrLargest = Dst == Comdat::SelectionKind::Any ||
160 Dst == Comdat::SelectionKind::Largest;
161 bool SrcAnyOrLargest = Src == Comdat::SelectionKind::Any ||
162 Src == Comdat::SelectionKind::Largest;
163 if (DstAnyOrLargest && SrcAnyOrLargest) {
164 if (Dst == Comdat::SelectionKind::Largest ||
165 Src == Comdat::SelectionKind::Largest)
166 Result = Comdat::SelectionKind::Largest;
167 else
168 Result = Comdat::SelectionKind::Any;
169 } else if (Src == Dst) {
170 Result = Dst;
171 } else {
172 return emitError("Linking COMDATs named '" + ComdatName +
173 "': invalid selection kinds!");
176 switch (Result) {
177 case Comdat::SelectionKind::Any:
178 // Go with Dst.
179 From = LinkFrom::Dst;
180 break;
181 case Comdat::SelectionKind::NoDeduplicate:
182 From = LinkFrom::Both;
183 break;
184 case Comdat::SelectionKind::ExactMatch:
185 case Comdat::SelectionKind::Largest:
186 case Comdat::SelectionKind::SameSize: {
187 const GlobalVariable *DstGV;
188 const GlobalVariable *SrcGV;
189 if (getComdatLeader(DstM, ComdatName, DstGV) ||
190 getComdatLeader(*SrcM, ComdatName, SrcGV))
191 return true;
193 const DataLayout &DstDL = DstM.getDataLayout();
194 const DataLayout &SrcDL = SrcM->getDataLayout();
195 uint64_t DstSize = DstDL.getTypeAllocSize(DstGV->getValueType());
196 uint64_t SrcSize = SrcDL.getTypeAllocSize(SrcGV->getValueType());
197 if (Result == Comdat::SelectionKind::ExactMatch) {
198 if (SrcGV->getInitializer() != DstGV->getInitializer())
199 return emitError("Linking COMDATs named '" + ComdatName +
200 "': ExactMatch violated!");
201 From = LinkFrom::Dst;
202 } else if (Result == Comdat::SelectionKind::Largest) {
203 From = SrcSize > DstSize ? LinkFrom::Src : LinkFrom::Dst;
204 } else if (Result == Comdat::SelectionKind::SameSize) {
205 if (SrcSize != DstSize)
206 return emitError("Linking COMDATs named '" + ComdatName +
207 "': SameSize violated!");
208 From = LinkFrom::Dst;
209 } else {
210 llvm_unreachable("unknown selection kind");
212 break;
216 return false;
219 bool ModuleLinker::getComdatResult(const Comdat *SrcC,
220 Comdat::SelectionKind &Result,
221 LinkFrom &From) {
222 Module &DstM = Mover.getModule();
223 Comdat::SelectionKind SSK = SrcC->getSelectionKind();
224 StringRef ComdatName = SrcC->getName();
225 Module::ComdatSymTabType &ComdatSymTab = DstM.getComdatSymbolTable();
226 Module::ComdatSymTabType::iterator DstCI = ComdatSymTab.find(ComdatName);
228 if (DstCI == ComdatSymTab.end()) {
229 // Use the comdat if it is only available in one of the modules.
230 From = LinkFrom::Src;
231 Result = SSK;
232 return false;
235 const Comdat *DstC = &DstCI->second;
236 Comdat::SelectionKind DSK = DstC->getSelectionKind();
237 return computeResultingSelectionKind(ComdatName, SSK, DSK, Result, From);
240 bool ModuleLinker::shouldLinkFromSource(bool &LinkFromSrc,
241 const GlobalValue &Dest,
242 const GlobalValue &Src) {
244 // Should we unconditionally use the Src?
245 if (shouldOverrideFromSrc()) {
246 LinkFromSrc = true;
247 return false;
250 // We always have to add Src if it has appending linkage.
251 if (Src.hasAppendingLinkage() || Dest.hasAppendingLinkage()) {
252 LinkFromSrc = true;
253 return false;
256 bool SrcIsDeclaration = Src.isDeclarationForLinker();
257 bool DestIsDeclaration = Dest.isDeclarationForLinker();
259 if (SrcIsDeclaration) {
260 // If Src is external or if both Src & Dest are external.. Just link the
261 // external globals, we aren't adding anything.
262 if (Src.hasDLLImportStorageClass()) {
263 // If one of GVs is marked as DLLImport, result should be dllimport'ed.
264 LinkFromSrc = DestIsDeclaration;
265 return false;
267 // If the Dest is weak, use the source linkage.
268 if (Dest.hasExternalWeakLinkage()) {
269 LinkFromSrc = true;
270 return false;
272 // Link an available_externally over a declaration.
273 LinkFromSrc = !Src.isDeclaration() && Dest.isDeclaration();
274 return false;
277 if (DestIsDeclaration) {
278 // If Dest is external but Src is not:
279 LinkFromSrc = true;
280 return false;
283 if (Src.hasCommonLinkage()) {
284 if (Dest.hasLinkOnceLinkage() || Dest.hasWeakLinkage()) {
285 LinkFromSrc = true;
286 return false;
289 if (!Dest.hasCommonLinkage()) {
290 LinkFromSrc = false;
291 return false;
294 const DataLayout &DL = Dest.getParent()->getDataLayout();
295 uint64_t DestSize = DL.getTypeAllocSize(Dest.getValueType());
296 uint64_t SrcSize = DL.getTypeAllocSize(Src.getValueType());
297 LinkFromSrc = SrcSize > DestSize;
298 return false;
301 if (Src.isWeakForLinker()) {
302 assert(!Dest.hasExternalWeakLinkage());
303 assert(!Dest.hasAvailableExternallyLinkage());
305 if (Dest.hasLinkOnceLinkage() && Src.hasWeakLinkage()) {
306 LinkFromSrc = true;
307 return false;
310 LinkFromSrc = false;
311 return false;
314 if (Dest.isWeakForLinker()) {
315 assert(Src.hasExternalLinkage());
316 LinkFromSrc = true;
317 return false;
320 assert(!Src.hasExternalWeakLinkage());
321 assert(!Dest.hasExternalWeakLinkage());
322 assert(Dest.hasExternalLinkage() && Src.hasExternalLinkage() &&
323 "Unexpected linkage type!");
324 return emitError("Linking globals named '" + Src.getName() +
325 "': symbol multiply defined!");
328 bool ModuleLinker::linkIfNeeded(GlobalValue &GV,
329 SmallVectorImpl<GlobalValue *> &GVToClone) {
330 GlobalValue *DGV = getLinkedToGlobal(&GV);
332 if (shouldLinkOnlyNeeded()) {
333 // Always import variables with appending linkage.
334 if (!GV.hasAppendingLinkage()) {
335 // Don't import globals unless they are referenced by the destination
336 // module.
337 if (!DGV)
338 return false;
339 // Don't import globals that are already defined in the destination module
340 if (!DGV->isDeclaration())
341 return false;
345 if (DGV && !GV.hasLocalLinkage() && !GV.hasAppendingLinkage()) {
346 auto *DGVar = dyn_cast<GlobalVariable>(DGV);
347 auto *SGVar = dyn_cast<GlobalVariable>(&GV);
348 if (DGVar && SGVar) {
349 if (DGVar->isDeclaration() && SGVar->isDeclaration() &&
350 (!DGVar->isConstant() || !SGVar->isConstant())) {
351 DGVar->setConstant(false);
352 SGVar->setConstant(false);
354 if (DGVar->hasCommonLinkage() && SGVar->hasCommonLinkage()) {
355 MaybeAlign Align(
356 std::max(DGVar->getAlignment(), SGVar->getAlignment()));
357 SGVar->setAlignment(Align);
358 DGVar->setAlignment(Align);
362 GlobalValue::VisibilityTypes Visibility =
363 getMinVisibility(DGV->getVisibility(), GV.getVisibility());
364 DGV->setVisibility(Visibility);
365 GV.setVisibility(Visibility);
367 GlobalValue::UnnamedAddr UnnamedAddr = GlobalValue::getMinUnnamedAddr(
368 DGV->getUnnamedAddr(), GV.getUnnamedAddr());
369 DGV->setUnnamedAddr(UnnamedAddr);
370 GV.setUnnamedAddr(UnnamedAddr);
373 if (!DGV && !shouldOverrideFromSrc() &&
374 (GV.hasLocalLinkage() || GV.hasLinkOnceLinkage() ||
375 GV.hasAvailableExternallyLinkage()))
376 return false;
378 if (GV.isDeclaration())
379 return false;
381 LinkFrom ComdatFrom = LinkFrom::Dst;
382 if (const Comdat *SC = GV.getComdat()) {
383 std::tie(std::ignore, ComdatFrom) = ComdatsChosen[SC];
384 if (ComdatFrom == LinkFrom::Dst)
385 return false;
388 bool LinkFromSrc = true;
389 if (DGV && shouldLinkFromSource(LinkFromSrc, *DGV, GV))
390 return true;
391 if (DGV && ComdatFrom == LinkFrom::Both)
392 GVToClone.push_back(LinkFromSrc ? DGV : &GV);
393 if (LinkFromSrc)
394 ValuesToLink.insert(&GV);
395 return false;
398 void ModuleLinker::addLazyFor(GlobalValue &GV, const IRMover::ValueAdder &Add) {
399 // Add these to the internalize list
400 if (!GV.hasLinkOnceLinkage() && !GV.hasAvailableExternallyLinkage() &&
401 !shouldLinkOnlyNeeded())
402 return;
404 if (InternalizeCallback)
405 Internalize.insert(GV.getName());
406 Add(GV);
408 const Comdat *SC = GV.getComdat();
409 if (!SC)
410 return;
411 for (GlobalValue *GV2 : LazyComdatMembers[SC]) {
412 GlobalValue *DGV = getLinkedToGlobal(GV2);
413 bool LinkFromSrc = true;
414 if (DGV && shouldLinkFromSource(LinkFromSrc, *DGV, *GV2))
415 return;
416 if (!LinkFromSrc)
417 continue;
418 if (InternalizeCallback)
419 Internalize.insert(GV2->getName());
420 Add(*GV2);
424 void ModuleLinker::dropReplacedComdat(
425 GlobalValue &GV, const DenseSet<const Comdat *> &ReplacedDstComdats) {
426 Comdat *C = GV.getComdat();
427 if (!C)
428 return;
429 if (!ReplacedDstComdats.count(C))
430 return;
431 if (GV.use_empty()) {
432 GV.eraseFromParent();
433 return;
436 if (auto *F = dyn_cast<Function>(&GV)) {
437 F->deleteBody();
438 } else if (auto *Var = dyn_cast<GlobalVariable>(&GV)) {
439 Var->setInitializer(nullptr);
440 } else {
441 auto &Alias = cast<GlobalAlias>(GV);
442 Module &M = *Alias.getParent();
443 GlobalValue *Declaration;
444 if (auto *FTy = dyn_cast<FunctionType>(Alias.getValueType())) {
445 Declaration = Function::Create(FTy, GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage, "", &M);
446 } else {
447 Declaration =
448 new GlobalVariable(M, Alias.getValueType(), /*isConstant*/ false,
449 GlobalValue::ExternalLinkage,
450 /*Initializer*/ nullptr);
452 Declaration->takeName(&Alias);
453 Alias.replaceAllUsesWith(Declaration);
454 Alias.eraseFromParent();
458 bool ModuleLinker::run() {
459 Module &DstM = Mover.getModule();
460 DenseSet<const Comdat *> ReplacedDstComdats;
462 for (const auto &SMEC : SrcM->getComdatSymbolTable()) {
463 const Comdat &C = SMEC.getValue();
464 if (ComdatsChosen.count(&C))
465 continue;
466 Comdat::SelectionKind SK;
467 LinkFrom From;
468 if (getComdatResult(&C, SK, From))
469 return true;
470 ComdatsChosen[&C] = std::make_pair(SK, From);
472 if (From != LinkFrom::Src)
473 continue;
475 Module::ComdatSymTabType &ComdatSymTab = DstM.getComdatSymbolTable();
476 Module::ComdatSymTabType::iterator DstCI = ComdatSymTab.find(C.getName());
477 if (DstCI == ComdatSymTab.end())
478 continue;
480 // The source comdat is replacing the dest one.
481 const Comdat *DstC = &DstCI->second;
482 ReplacedDstComdats.insert(DstC);
485 // Alias have to go first, since we are not able to find their comdats
486 // otherwise.
487 for (GlobalAlias &GV : llvm::make_early_inc_range(DstM.aliases()))
488 dropReplacedComdat(GV, ReplacedDstComdats);
490 for (GlobalVariable &GV : llvm::make_early_inc_range(DstM.globals()))
491 dropReplacedComdat(GV, ReplacedDstComdats);
493 for (Function &GV : llvm::make_early_inc_range(DstM))
494 dropReplacedComdat(GV, ReplacedDstComdats);
496 for (GlobalVariable &GV : SrcM->globals())
497 if (GV.hasLinkOnceLinkage())
498 if (const Comdat *SC = GV.getComdat())
499 LazyComdatMembers[SC].push_back(&GV);
501 for (Function &SF : *SrcM)
502 if (SF.hasLinkOnceLinkage())
503 if (const Comdat *SC = SF.getComdat())
504 LazyComdatMembers[SC].push_back(&SF);
506 for (GlobalAlias &GA : SrcM->aliases())
507 if (GA.hasLinkOnceLinkage())
508 if (const Comdat *SC = GA.getComdat())
509 LazyComdatMembers[SC].push_back(&GA);
511 // Insert all of the globals in src into the DstM module... without linking
512 // initializers (which could refer to functions not yet mapped over).
513 SmallVector<GlobalValue *, 0> GVToClone;
514 for (GlobalVariable &GV : SrcM->globals())
515 if (linkIfNeeded(GV, GVToClone))
516 return true;
518 for (Function &SF : *SrcM)
519 if (linkIfNeeded(SF, GVToClone))
520 return true;
522 for (GlobalAlias &GA : SrcM->aliases())
523 if (linkIfNeeded(GA, GVToClone))
524 return true;
526 for (GlobalIFunc &GI : SrcM->ifuncs())
527 if (linkIfNeeded(GI, GVToClone))
528 return true;
530 // For a variable in a comdat nodeduplicate, its initializer should be
531 // preserved (its content may be implicitly used by other members) even if
532 // symbol resolution does not pick it. Clone it into an unnamed private
533 // variable.
534 for (GlobalValue *GV : GVToClone) {
535 if (auto *Var = dyn_cast<GlobalVariable>(GV)) {
536 auto *NewVar = new GlobalVariable(*Var->getParent(), Var->getValueType(),
537 Var->isConstant(), Var->getLinkage(),
538 Var->getInitializer());
539 NewVar->copyAttributesFrom(Var);
540 NewVar->setVisibility(GlobalValue::DefaultVisibility);
541 NewVar->setLinkage(GlobalValue::PrivateLinkage);
542 NewVar->setDSOLocal(true);
543 NewVar->setComdat(Var->getComdat());
544 if (Var->getParent() != &Mover.getModule())
545 ValuesToLink.insert(NewVar);
546 } else {
547 emitError("linking '" + GV->getName() +
548 "': non-variables in comdat nodeduplicate are not handled");
552 for (unsigned I = 0; I < ValuesToLink.size(); ++I) {
553 GlobalValue *GV = ValuesToLink[I];
554 const Comdat *SC = GV->getComdat();
555 if (!SC)
556 continue;
557 for (GlobalValue *GV2 : LazyComdatMembers[SC]) {
558 GlobalValue *DGV = getLinkedToGlobal(GV2);
559 bool LinkFromSrc = true;
560 if (DGV && shouldLinkFromSource(LinkFromSrc, *DGV, *GV2))
561 return true;
562 if (LinkFromSrc)
563 ValuesToLink.insert(GV2);
567 if (InternalizeCallback) {
568 for (GlobalValue *GV : ValuesToLink)
569 Internalize.insert(GV->getName());
572 // FIXME: Propagate Errors through to the caller instead of emitting
573 // diagnostics.
574 bool HasErrors = false;
575 if (Error E =
576 Mover.move(std::move(SrcM), ValuesToLink.getArrayRef(),
577 IRMover::LazyCallback(
578 [this](GlobalValue &GV, IRMover::ValueAdder Add) {
579 addLazyFor(GV, Add);
581 /* IsPerformingImport */ false)) {
582 handleAllErrors(std::move(E), [&](ErrorInfoBase &EIB) {
583 DstM.getContext().diagnose(LinkDiagnosticInfo(DS_Error, EIB.message()));
584 HasErrors = true;
587 if (HasErrors)
588 return true;
590 if (InternalizeCallback)
591 InternalizeCallback(DstM, Internalize);
593 return false;
596 Linker::Linker(Module &M) : Mover(M) {}
598 bool Linker::linkInModule(
599 std::unique_ptr<Module> Src, unsigned Flags,
600 std::function<void(Module &, const StringSet<> &)> InternalizeCallback) {
601 ModuleLinker ModLinker(Mover, std::move(Src), Flags,
602 std::move(InternalizeCallback));
603 return ModLinker.run();
606 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
607 // LinkModules entrypoint.
608 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
610 /// This function links two modules together, with the resulting Dest module
611 /// modified to be the composite of the two input modules. If an error occurs,
612 /// true is returned and ErrorMsg (if not null) is set to indicate the problem.
613 /// Upon failure, the Dest module could be in a modified state, and shouldn't be
614 /// relied on to be consistent.
615 bool Linker::linkModules(
616 Module &Dest, std::unique_ptr<Module> Src, unsigned Flags,
617 std::function<void(Module &, const StringSet<> &)> InternalizeCallback) {
618 Linker L(Dest);
619 return L.linkInModule(std::move(Src), Flags, std::move(InternalizeCallback));
622 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
623 // C API.
624 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
626 LLVMBool LLVMLinkModules2(LLVMModuleRef Dest, LLVMModuleRef Src) {
627 Module *D = unwrap(Dest);
628 std::unique_ptr<Module> M(unwrap(Src));
629 return Linker::linkModules(*D, std::move(M));