2 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
4 // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
5 // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
6 // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
8 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
15 // [print.fun], print functions
16 template<class... Args>
17 void print(format_string<Args...> fmt, Args&&... args);
18 void println(); // Since C++26
19 template<class... Args>
20 void print(FILE* stream, format_string<Args...> fmt, Args&&... args);
21 void println(FILE* stream); // Since C++26
23 template<class... Args>
24 void println(format_string<Args...> fmt, Args&&... args);
25 template<class... Args>
26 void println(FILE* stream, format_string<Args...> fmt, Args&&... args);
28 void vprint_unicode(string_view fmt, format_args args);
29 void vprint_unicode(FILE* stream, string_view fmt, format_args args);
31 void vprint_nonunicode(string_view fmt, format_args args);
32 void vprint_nonunicode(FILE* stream, string_view fmt, format_args args);
36 #if __cplusplus < 201103L && defined(_LIBCPP_USE_FROZEN_CXX03_HEADERS)
37 # include <__cxx03/print>
40 # include <__concepts/same_as.h>
42 # include <__system_error/throw_system_error.h>
43 # include <__utility/forward.h>
48 # include <string_view>
51 # if !defined(_LIBCPP_HAS_NO_PRAGMA_SYSTEM_HEADER)
52 # pragma GCC system_header
55 _LIBCPP_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
57 # ifdef _LIBCPP_WIN32API
58 _LIBCPP_EXPORTED_FROM_ABI bool __is_windows_terminal(FILE* __stream);
60 # if _LIBCPP_HAS_WIDE_CHARACTERS
61 // A wrapper for WriteConsoleW which is used to write to the Windows
62 // console. This function is in the dylib to avoid pulling in windows.h
63 // in the library headers. The function itself uses some private parts
66 // The function does not depend on the language standard used. Guarding
67 // it with C++23 would fail since the dylib is currently built using C++20.
69 // Note the function is only implemented on the Windows platform.
70 _LIBCPP_EXPORTED_FROM_ABI void __write_to_windows_console(FILE* __stream, wstring_view __view);
71 # endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_WIDE_CHARACTERS
72 # elif __has_include(<unistd.h>)
73 _LIBCPP_EXPORTED_FROM_ABI bool __is_posix_terminal(FILE* __stream);
74 # endif // _LIBCPP_WIN32API
76 # if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 23
78 # if _LIBCPP_HAS_UNICODE
79 // This is the code to transcode UTF-8 to UTF-16. This is used on
80 // Windows for the native Unicode API. The code is modeled to make it
81 // easier to extend to
83 // P2728R0 Unicode in the Library, Part 1: UTF Transcoding
85 // This paper is still under heavy development so it makes no sense yet
86 // to strictly follow the paper.
89 // The names of these concepts are modelled after P2728R0, but the
90 // implementation is not. char16_t may contain 32-bits so depending on the
91 // number of bits is an issue.
92 # ifdef _LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR
94 concept __utf16_code_unit =
95 same_as<_Tp, char16_t>
96 # if _LIBCPP_HAS_WIDE_CHARACTERS
97 || same_as<_Tp, wchar_t>
101 concept __utf32_code_unit = same_as<_Tp, char32_t>;
102 # else // _LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR
104 concept __utf16_code_unit = same_as<_Tp, char16_t>;
106 concept __utf32_code_unit =
107 same_as<_Tp, char32_t>
108 # if _LIBCPP_HAS_WIDE_CHARACTERS
109 || same_as<_Tp, wchar_t>
112 # endif // _LIBCPP_SHORT_WCHAR
114 // Pass by reference since an output_iterator may not be copyable.
115 template <class _OutIt>
116 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void __encode(_OutIt&, char32_t) = delete;
118 template <class _OutIt>
119 requires __utf16_code_unit<iter_value_t<_OutIt>>
120 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void __encode(_OutIt& __out_it, char32_t __value) {
121 // [print.fun]/7 : "if `out` contains invalid code units, the behavior is undefined and implementations are encouraged
123 _LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED(__is_scalar_value(__value), "an invalid unicode scalar value results in invalid UTF-16");
125 if (__value < 0x10000) {
126 *__out_it++ = __value;
131 *__out_it++ = 0xd800 + (__value >> 10);
132 *__out_it++ = 0xdc00 + (__value & 0x3FF);
135 template <class _OutIt>
136 requires __utf32_code_unit<iter_value_t<_OutIt>>
137 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr void __encode(_OutIt& __out_it, char32_t __value) {
138 // [print.fun]/7 : "if `out` contains invalid code units, the behavior is undefined and implementations are encouraged
140 _LIBCPP_ASSERT_UNCATEGORIZED(__is_scalar_value(__value), "an invalid unicode scalar value results in invalid UTF-32");
141 *__out_it++ = __value;
144 template <class _OutIt, input_iterator _InIt>
145 requires output_iterator<_OutIt, const iter_value_t<_OutIt>&> && (!same_as<iter_value_t<_OutIt>, iter_value_t<_InIt>>)
146 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI constexpr _OutIt __transcode(_InIt __first, _InIt __last, _OutIt __out_it) {
147 // The __code_point_view has a basic_string_view interface.
148 // When transcoding becomes part of the standard we probably want to
149 // look at smarter algorithms.
150 // For example, when processing a code point that is encoded in
151 // 1 to 3 code units in UTF-8, the result will always be encoded
152 // in 1 code unit in UTF-16 (code points that require 4 code
153 // units in UTF-8 will require 2 code units in UTF-16).
155 // Note if P2728 is accepted types like int may become valid. In that case
156 // the __code_point_view should use a span. Libc++ will remove support for
159 // TODO PRINT Validate with clang-tidy
160 // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-dangling-handle)
161 basic_string_view<iter_value_t<_InIt>> __data{__first, __last};
162 __code_point_view<iter_value_t<_InIt>> __view{__data.begin(), __data.end()};
163 while (!__view.__at_end())
164 __unicode::__encode(__out_it, __view.__consume().__code_point);
168 } // namespace __unicode
170 # endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_UNICODE
175 // Effects: If the ordinary literal encoding ([lex.charset]) is UTF-8, equivalent to:
176 // vprint_unicode(stream, fmt.str, make_format_args(args...));
177 // Otherwise, equivalent to:
178 // vprint_nonunicode(stream, fmt.str, make_format_args(args...));
180 // Based on the compiler and its compilation flags this value is or is
181 // not true. As mentioned in P2093R14 this only affects Windows. The
182 // test below could also be done for
183 // - GCC using __GNUC_EXECUTION_CHARSET_NAME
184 // https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/cpp/Common-Predefined-Macros.html
185 // - Clang using __clang_literal_encoding__
186 // https://clang.llvm.org/docs/LanguageExtensions.html#builtin-macros
187 // (note at the time of writing Clang is hard-coded to UTF-8.)
190 # if !_LIBCPP_HAS_UNICODE
191 inline constexpr bool __use_unicode_execution_charset = false;
192 # elif defined(_MSVC_EXECUTION_CHARACTER_SET)
193 // This is the same test MSVC STL uses in their implementation of <print>
194 // See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/intl/code-page-identifiers
195 inline constexpr bool __use_unicode_execution_charset = _MSVC_EXECUTION_CHARACTER_SET == 65001;
197 inline constexpr bool __use_unicode_execution_charset = true;
200 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI inline bool __is_terminal([[maybe_unused]] FILE* __stream) {
201 // The macro _LIBCPP_TESTING_PRINT_IS_TERMINAL is used to change
202 // the behavior in the test. This is not part of the public API.
203 # ifdef _LIBCPP_TESTING_PRINT_IS_TERMINAL
204 return _LIBCPP_TESTING_PRINT_IS_TERMINAL(__stream);
205 # elif _LIBCPP_AVAILABILITY_HAS_PRINT == 0 || !_LIBCPP_HAS_TERMINAL
207 # elif defined(_LIBCPP_WIN32API)
208 return std::__is_windows_terminal(__stream);
209 # elif __has_include(<unistd.h>)
210 return std::__is_posix_terminal(__stream);
212 # error "Provide a way to determine whether a FILE* is a terminal"
216 template <class = void> // TODO PRINT template or availability markup fires too eagerly (http://llvm.org/PR61563).
217 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI inline void
218 __vprint_nonunicode(FILE* __stream, string_view __fmt, format_args __args, bool __write_nl) {
219 _LIBCPP_ASSERT_NON_NULL(__stream, "__stream must be a valid pointer to an output C stream");
220 string __str = std::vformat(__fmt, __args);
222 __str.push_back('\n');
224 size_t __size = fwrite(__str.data(), 1, __str.size(), __stream);
225 if (__size < __str.size()) {
226 if (std::feof(__stream))
227 std::__throw_system_error(EIO, "EOF while writing the formatted output");
228 std::__throw_system_error(std::ferror(__stream), "failed to write formatted output");
232 # if _LIBCPP_HAS_UNICODE
234 // Note these helper functions are mainly used to aid testing.
235 // On POSIX systems and Windows the output is no longer considered a
236 // terminal when the output is redirected. Typically during testing the
237 // output is redirected to be able to capture it. This makes it hard to
238 // test this code path.
239 template <class = void> // TODO PRINT template or availability markup fires too eagerly (http://llvm.org/PR61563).
240 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI inline void
241 __vprint_unicode_posix(FILE* __stream, string_view __fmt, format_args __args, bool __write_nl, bool __is_terminal) {
242 // TODO PRINT Should flush errors throw too?
244 std::fflush(__stream);
246 __print::__vprint_nonunicode(__stream, __fmt, __args, __write_nl);
249 # if _LIBCPP_HAS_WIDE_CHARACTERS
250 template <class = void> // TODO PRINT template or availability markup fires too eagerly (http://llvm.org/PR61563).
251 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI inline void
252 __vprint_unicode_windows(FILE* __stream, string_view __fmt, format_args __args, bool __write_nl, bool __is_terminal) {
254 return __print::__vprint_nonunicode(__stream, __fmt, __args, __write_nl);
256 // TODO PRINT Should flush errors throw too?
257 std::fflush(__stream);
259 string __str = std::vformat(__fmt, __args);
260 // UTF-16 uses the same number or less code units than UTF-8.
261 // However the size of the code unit is 16 bits instead of 8 bits.
263 // The buffer uses the worst-case estimate and should never resize.
264 // However when the string is large this could lead to OOM. Using a
265 // smaller size might work, but since the buffer uses a grow factor
266 // the final size might be larger when the estimate is wrong.
268 // TODO PRINT profile and improve the speed of this code.
269 __format::__retarget_buffer<wchar_t> __buffer{__str.size()};
270 __unicode::__transcode(__str.begin(), __str.end(), __buffer.__make_output_iterator());
272 __buffer.push_back(L'\n');
274 [[maybe_unused]] wstring_view __view = __buffer.__view();
276 // The macro _LIBCPP_TESTING_PRINT_WRITE_TO_WINDOWS_CONSOLE_FUNCTION is used to change
277 // the behavior in the test. This is not part of the public API.
278 # ifdef _LIBCPP_TESTING_PRINT_WRITE_TO_WINDOWS_CONSOLE_FUNCTION
279 _LIBCPP_TESTING_PRINT_WRITE_TO_WINDOWS_CONSOLE_FUNCTION(__stream, __view);
280 # elif defined(_LIBCPP_WIN32API)
281 std::__write_to_windows_console(__stream, __view);
283 std::__throw_runtime_error("No defintion of _LIBCPP_TESTING_PRINT_WRITE_TO_WINDOWS_CONSOLE_FUNCTION and "
284 "__write_to_windows_console is not available.");
287 # endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_WIDE_CHARACTERS
289 template <class = void> // TODO PRINT template or availability markup fires too eagerly (http://llvm.org/PR61563).
290 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI inline void
291 __vprint_unicode([[maybe_unused]] FILE* __stream,
292 [[maybe_unused]] string_view __fmt,
293 [[maybe_unused]] format_args __args,
294 [[maybe_unused]] bool __write_nl) {
295 _LIBCPP_ASSERT_NON_NULL(__stream, "__stream must be a valid pointer to an output C stream");
298 // 7 - Effects: If stream refers to a terminal capable of displaying
299 // Unicode, writes out to the terminal using the native Unicode
300 // API; if out contains invalid code units, the behavior is
301 // undefined and implementations are encouraged to diagnose it.
302 // Otherwise writes out to stream unchanged. If the native
303 // Unicode API is used, the function flushes stream before
305 // 8 - Throws: Any exception thrown by the call to vformat
306 // ([format.err.report]). system_error if writing to the terminal
307 // or stream fails. May throw bad_alloc.
308 // 9 - Recommended practice: If invoking the native Unicode API
309 // requires transcoding, implementations should substitute
310 // invalid code units with U+FFFD replacement character per the
311 // Unicode Standard, Chapter 3.9 U+FFFD Substitution in
314 // On non-Windows platforms the Unicode API is the normal file I/O API
315 // so there the call can be forwarded to the non_unicode API. On
316 // Windows there is a different API. This API requires transcoding.
318 # ifndef _LIBCPP_WIN32API
319 __print::__vprint_unicode_posix(__stream, __fmt, __args, __write_nl, __print::__is_terminal(__stream));
320 # elif _LIBCPP_HAS_WIDE_CHARACTERS
321 __print::__vprint_unicode_windows(__stream, __fmt, __args, __write_nl, __print::__is_terminal(__stream));
323 # error "Windows builds with wchar_t disabled are not supported."
327 # endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_UNICODE
329 } // namespace __print
331 template <class... _Args>
332 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI void print(FILE* __stream, format_string<_Args...> __fmt, _Args&&... __args) {
333 # if _LIBCPP_HAS_UNICODE
334 if constexpr (__print::__use_unicode_execution_charset)
335 __print::__vprint_unicode(__stream, __fmt.get(), std::make_format_args(__args...), false);
337 __print::__vprint_nonunicode(__stream, __fmt.get(), std::make_format_args(__args...), false);
338 # else // _LIBCPP_HAS_UNICODE
339 __print::__vprint_nonunicode(__stream, __fmt.get(), std::make_format_args(__args...), false);
340 # endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_UNICODE
343 template <class... _Args>
344 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI void print(format_string<_Args...> __fmt, _Args&&... __args) {
345 std::print(stdout, __fmt, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
348 template <class... _Args>
349 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI void println(FILE* __stream, format_string<_Args...> __fmt, _Args&&... __args) {
350 # if _LIBCPP_HAS_UNICODE
351 // Note the wording in the Standard is inefficient. The output of
352 // std::format is a std::string which is then copied. This solution
353 // just appends a newline at the end of the output.
354 if constexpr (__print::__use_unicode_execution_charset)
355 __print::__vprint_unicode(__stream, __fmt.get(), std::make_format_args(__args...), true);
357 __print::__vprint_nonunicode(__stream, __fmt.get(), std::make_format_args(__args...), true);
358 # else // _LIBCPP_HAS_UNICODE
359 __print::__vprint_nonunicode(__stream, __fmt.get(), std::make_format_args(__args...), true);
360 # endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_UNICODE
363 template <class = void> // TODO PRINT template or availability markup fires too eagerly (http://llvm.org/PR61563).
364 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI inline void println(FILE* __stream) {
365 std::print(__stream, "\n");
368 template <class = void> // TODO PRINT template or availability markup fires too eagerly (http://llvm.org/PR61563).
369 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI inline void println() {
373 template <class... _Args>
374 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI void println(format_string<_Args...> __fmt, _Args&&... __args) {
375 std::println(stdout, __fmt, std::forward<_Args>(__args)...);
378 # if _LIBCPP_HAS_UNICODE
379 template <class = void> // TODO PRINT template or availability markup fires too eagerly (http://llvm.org/PR61563).
380 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI inline void vprint_unicode(FILE* __stream, string_view __fmt, format_args __args) {
381 __print::__vprint_unicode(__stream, __fmt, __args, false);
384 template <class = void> // TODO PRINT template or availability markup fires too eagerly (http://llvm.org/PR61563).
385 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI inline void vprint_unicode(string_view __fmt, format_args __args) {
386 std::vprint_unicode(stdout, __fmt, __args);
389 # endif // _LIBCPP_HAS_UNICODE
391 template <class = void> // TODO PRINT template or availability markup fires too eagerly (http://llvm.org/PR61563).
392 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI inline void vprint_nonunicode(FILE* __stream, string_view __fmt, format_args __args) {
393 __print::__vprint_nonunicode(__stream, __fmt, __args, false);
396 template <class = void> // TODO PRINT template or availability markup fires too eagerly (http://llvm.org/PR61563).
397 _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI inline void vprint_nonunicode(string_view __fmt, format_args __args) {
398 std::vprint_nonunicode(stdout, __fmt, __args);
401 # endif // _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 23
403 _LIBCPP_END_NAMESPACE_STD
405 #endif // __cplusplus < 201103L && defined(_LIBCPP_USE_FROZEN_CXX03_HEADERS)
407 #endif // _LIBCPP_PRINT