3 =============================
4 "libc++" C++ Standard Library
5 =============================
10 libc++ is a new implementation of the C++ standard library, targeting C++11 and
15 * Correctness as defined by the C++11 standard.
19 * ABI compatibility with gcc's libstdc++ for some low-level features
20 such as exception objects, rtti and memory allocation.
21 * Extensive unit tests.
23 * Design and Implementation:
25 * Extensive unit tests
26 * Internal linker model can be dumped/read to textual format
27 * Additional linking features can be plugged in as "passes"
28 * OS specific and CPU specific code factored out
31 Getting Started with libc++
32 ===========================
42 ImplementationDefinedBehavior
70 libc++ has become the default C++ Standard Library implementation for many major platforms, including Apple's macOS,
71 iOS, watchOS, and tvOS, Google Search, the Android operating system, and FreeBSD. As a result, libc++ has an estimated
72 user base of over 1 billion daily active users.
74 Since its inception, libc++ has focused on delivering high performance, standards-conformance, and portability. It has
75 been extensively tested and optimized, making it robust and production ready. libc++ fully implements C++11 and C++14,
76 with C++17, C++20, C++23, and C++26 features being actively developed and making steady progress.
78 libc++ is continuously integrated and tested on a wide range of platforms and configurations, ensuring its reliability
79 and compatibility across various systems. The library's extensive test suite and rigorous quality assurance process have
80 made it a top choice for platform providers looking to offer their users a robust and efficient C++ Standard Library.
82 As an open-source project, libc++ benefits from a vibrant community of contributors who work together to improve the
83 library and add new features. This ongoing development and support ensure that libc++ remains at the forefront of
84 C++ standardization efforts and continues to meet the evolving needs of C++ developers worldwide.
89 After its initial introduction, many people have asked "why start a new
90 library instead of contributing to an existing library?" (like Apache's
91 libstdcxx, GNU's libstdc++, STLport, etc). There are many contributing
92 reasons, but some of the major ones are:
94 * From years of experience (including having implemented the standard
95 library before), we've learned many things about implementing
96 the standard containers which require ABI breakage and fundamental changes
97 to how they are implemented. For example, it is generally accepted that
98 building std::string using the "short string optimization" instead of
99 using Copy On Write (COW) is a superior approach for multicore
100 machines (particularly in C++11, which has rvalue references). Breaking
101 ABI compatibility with old versions of the library was
102 determined to be critical to achieving the performance goals of
105 * Mainline libstdc++ has switched to GPL3, a license which the developers
106 of libc++ cannot use. libstdc++ 4.2 (the last GPL2 version) could be
107 independently extended to support C++11, but this would be a fork of the
108 codebase (which is often seen as worse for a project than starting a new
109 independent one). Another problem with libstdc++ is that it is tightly
110 integrated with G++ development, tending to be tied fairly closely to the
111 matching version of G++.
113 * STLport and the Apache libstdcxx library are two other popular
114 candidates, but both lack C++11 support. Our experience (and the
115 experience of libstdc++ developers) is that adding support for C++11 (in
116 particular rvalue references and move-only types) requires changes to
117 almost every class and function, essentially amounting to a rewrite.
118 Faced with a rewrite, we decided to start from scratch and evaluate every
119 design decision from first principles based on experience.
120 Further, both projects are apparently abandoned: STLport 5.2.1 was
121 released in Oct'08, and STDCXX 4.2.1 in May'08.
124 LLVM RELEASE bump version
126 .. _SupportedPlatforms:
128 Platform and Compiler Support
129 =============================
131 Libc++ aims to support common compilers that implement the C++11 Standard. In order to strike a
132 good balance between stability for users and maintenance cost, testing coverage and development
133 velocity, libc++ drops support for older compilers as newer ones are released.
135 ============ =============== ========================== =====================
136 Compiler Versions Restrictions Support policy
137 ============ =============== ========================== =====================
138 Clang 17, 18, 19-git latest two stable releases per `LLVM's release page <https://releases.llvm.org>`_ and the development version
139 AppleClang 15 latest stable release per `Xcode's release page <https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode-release-notes>`_
140 Open XL 17.1 (AIX) latest stable release per `Open XL's documentation page <https://www.ibm.com/docs/en/openxl-c-and-cpp-aix>`_
141 GCC 14 In C++11 or later only latest stable release per `GCC's release page <https://gcc.gnu.org/releases.html>`_
142 ============ =============== ========================== =====================
144 Libc++ also supports common platforms and architectures:
146 ===================== ========================= ============================
147 Target platform Target architecture Notes
148 ===================== ========================= ============================
149 macOS 10.13+ i386, x86_64, arm64
150 FreeBSD 12+ i386, x86_64, arm
151 Linux i386, x86_64, arm, arm64 Only glibc-2.24 and later and no other libc is officially supported
152 Android 5.0+ i386, x86_64, arm, arm64
153 Windows i386, x86_64 Both MSVC and MinGW style environments, ABI in MSVC environments is :doc:`unstable <DesignDocs/ABIVersioning>`
154 AIX 7.2TL5+ powerpc, powerpc64
155 Embedded (picolibc) arm
156 ===================== ========================= ============================
158 Generally speaking, libc++ should work on any platform that provides a fairly complete
159 C Standard Library. It is also possible to turn off parts of the library for use on
160 systems that provide incomplete support.
162 However, libc++ aims to provide a high-quality implementation of the C++ Standard
163 Library, especially when it comes to correctness. As such, we aim to have test coverage
164 for all the platforms and compilers that we claim to support. If a platform or compiler
165 is not listed here, it is not officially supported. It may happen to work, and
166 in practice the library is known to work on some platforms not listed here, but
167 we don't make any guarantees. If you would like your compiler and/or platform
168 to be formally supported and listed here, please work with the libc++ team to set
169 up testing for your configuration.
176 * :ref:`C++14 - Complete <cxx14-status>`
177 * :ref:`C++17 - In Progress <cxx17-status>`
178 * :ref:`C++20 - In Progress <cxx20-status>`
179 * :ref:`C++23 - In Progress <cxx23-status>`
180 * :ref:`C++2c - In Progress <cxx2c-status>`
181 * :ref:`C++ Feature Test Macro Status <feature-status>`
184 Notes and Known Issues
185 ======================
187 This list contains known issues with libc++
189 * Building libc++ with ``-fno-rtti`` is not supported. However
190 linking against it with ``-fno-rtti`` is supported.
193 A full list of currently open libc++ bugs can be `found here`__.
195 .. __: https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/labels/libc%2B%2B
204 DesignDocs/ABIVersioning
205 DesignDocs/AtomicDesign
206 DesignDocs/CapturingConfigInfo
207 DesignDocs/ExperimentalFeatures
208 DesignDocs/ExtendedCXX03Support
209 DesignDocs/FeatureTestMacros
210 DesignDocs/FileTimeType
211 DesignDocs/HeaderRemovalPolicy
212 DesignDocs/NodiscardPolicy
213 DesignDocs/NoexceptPolicy
214 DesignDocs/PSTLIntegration
215 DesignDocs/ThreadingSupportAPI
216 DesignDocs/UniquePtrTrivialAbi
217 DesignDocs/UnspecifiedBehaviorRandomization
218 DesignDocs/VisibilityMacros
222 Build Bots and Test Coverage
223 ============================
225 * `Github Actions CI pipeline <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/actions/workflows/libcxx-build-and-test.yaml>`_
226 * `Buildkite CI pipeline <https://buildkite.com/llvm-project/libcxx-ci>`_
227 * `LLVM Buildbot Builders <https://lab.llvm.org/buildbot>`_
228 * :ref:`Adding New CI Jobs <AddingNewCIJobs>`
234 First please review our `Developer's Policy <https://llvm.org/docs/DeveloperPolicy.html>`__
235 and `Getting started with LLVM <https://llvm.org/docs/GettingStarted.html>`__.
239 If you think you've found a bug in libc++, please report it using
240 the `LLVM bug tracker`_. If you're not sure, you
241 can ask for support on the `libcxx forum`_ or on IRC.
245 If you want to contribute a patch to libc++, please start by reviewing our
246 :ref:`documentation about contributing <ContributingToLibcxx>`.
248 **Discussion and Questions**
250 Send discussions and questions to the `libcxx forum`_.
255 * `LLVM Homepage <https://llvm.org/>`_
256 * `libc++abi Homepage <http://libcxxabi.llvm.org/>`_
257 * `LLVM Bug Tracker <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/labels/libc++/>`_
258 * `libcxx-commits Mailing List <http://lists.llvm.org/mailman/listinfo/libcxx-commits>`_
259 * `libcxx Forum <https://discourse.llvm.org/c/runtimes/libcxx/>`_
260 * `Browse libc++ Sources <https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/tree/main/libcxx/>`_