add some missing quotes in debug output
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4 <head>
5 <title>LLVM Testing Infrastructure Guide</title>
6 <link rel="stylesheet" href="llvm.css" type="text/css">
7 </head>
8 <body>
10 <div class="doc_title">
11 LLVM Testing Infrastructure Guide
12 </div>
14 <ol>
15 <li><a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
16 <li><a href="#requirements">Requirements</a></li>
17 <li><a href="#org">LLVM testing infrastructure organization</a>
18 <ul>
19 <li><a href="#dejagnu">DejaGNU tests</a></li>
20 <li><a href="#testsuite">Test suite</a></li>
21 </ul>
22 </li>
23 <li><a href="#quick">Quick start</a>
24 <ul>
25 <li><a href="#quickdejagnu">DejaGNU tests</a></li>
26 <li><a href="#quicktestsuite">Test suite</a></li>
27 </ul>
28 </li>
29 <li><a href="#dgstructure">DejaGNU structure</a>
30 <ul>
31 <li><a href="#dgcustom">Writing new DejaGNU tests</a></li>
32 <li><a href="#FileCheck">The FileCheck utility</a></li>
33 <li><a href="#dgvars">Variables and substitutions</a></li>
34 <li><a href="#dgfeatures">Other features</a></li>
35 </ul>
36 </li>
37 <li><a href="#testsuitestructure">Test suite structure</a></li>
38 <li><a href="#testsuiterun">Running the test suite</a>
39 <ul>
40 <li><a href="#testsuiteexternal">Configuring External Tests</a></li>
41 <li><a href="#testsuitetests">Running different tests</a></li>
42 <li><a href="#testsuiteoutput">Generating test output</a></li>
43 <li><a href="#testsuitecustom">Writing custom tests for llvm-test</a></li>
44 </ul>
45 </li>
46 <li><a href="#nightly">Running the nightly tester</a></li>
47 </ol>
49 <div class="doc_author">
50 <p>Written by John T. Criswell, <a
51 href="http://llvm.x10sys.com/rspencer">Reid Spencer</a>, and Tanya Lattner</p>
52 </div>
54 <!--=========================================================================-->
55 <div class="doc_section"><a name="overview">Overview</a></div>
56 <!--=========================================================================-->
58 <div class="doc_text">
60 <p>This document is the reference manual for the LLVM testing infrastructure. It documents
61 the structure of the LLVM testing infrastructure, the tools needed to use it,
62 and how to add and run tests.</p>
64 </div>
66 <!--=========================================================================-->
67 <div class="doc_section"><a name="requirements">Requirements</a></div>
68 <!--=========================================================================-->
70 <div class="doc_text">
72 <p>In order to use the LLVM testing infrastructure, you will need all of the software
73 required to build LLVM, plus the following:</p>
75 <dl>
76 <dt><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/dejagnu/">DejaGNU</a></dt>
77 <dd>The Feature and Regressions tests are organized and run by DejaGNU.</dd>
78 <dt><a href="http://expect.nist.gov/">Expect</a></dt>
79 <dd>Expect is required by DejaGNU.</dd>
80 <dt><a href="http://www.tcl.tk/software/tcltk/">tcl</a></dt>
81 <dd>Tcl is required by DejaGNU. </dd>
82 </dl>
84 </div>
86 <!--=========================================================================-->
87 <div class="doc_section"><a name="org">LLVM testing infrastructure organization</a></div>
88 <!--=========================================================================-->
90 <div class="doc_text">
92 <p>The LLVM testing infrastructure contains two major categories of tests: code
93 fragments and whole programs. Code fragments are referred to as the "DejaGNU
94 tests" and are in the <tt>llvm</tt> module in subversion under the
95 <tt>llvm/test</tt> directory. The whole programs tests are referred to as the
96 "Test suite" and are in the <tt>test-suite</tt> module in subversion.
97 </p>
99 </div>
101 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
102 <div class="doc_subsection"><a name="dejagnu">DejaGNU tests</a></div>
103 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
105 <div class="doc_text">
107 <p>Code fragments are small pieces of code that test a specific
108 feature of LLVM or trigger a specific bug in LLVM. They are usually
109 written in LLVM assembly language, but can be written in other
110 languages if the test targets a particular language front end (and the
111 appropriate <tt>--with-llvmgcc</tt> options were used
112 at <tt>configure</tt> time of the <tt>llvm</tt> module). These tests
113 are driven by the DejaGNU testing framework, which is hidden behind a
114 few simple makefiles.</p>
116 <p>These code fragments are not complete programs. The code generated
117 from them is never executed to determine correct behavior.</p>
119 <p>These code fragment tests are located in the <tt>llvm/test</tt>
120 directory.</p>
122 <p>Typically when a bug is found in LLVM, a regression test containing
123 just enough code to reproduce the problem should be written and placed
124 somewhere underneath this directory. In most cases, this will be a small
125 piece of LLVM assembly language code, often distilled from an actual
126 application or benchmark.</p>
128 </div>
130 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
131 <div class="doc_subsection"><a name="testsuite">Test suite</a></div>
132 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
134 <div class="doc_text">
136 <p>The test suite contains whole programs, which are pieces of
137 code which can be compiled and linked into a stand-alone program that can be
138 executed. These programs are generally written in high level languages such as
139 C or C++, but sometimes they are written straight in LLVM assembly.</p>
141 <p>These programs are compiled and then executed using several different
142 methods (native compiler, LLVM C backend, LLVM JIT, LLVM native code generation,
143 etc). The output of these programs is compared to ensure that LLVM is compiling
144 the program correctly.</p>
146 <p>In addition to compiling and executing programs, whole program tests serve as
147 a way of benchmarking LLVM performance, both in terms of the efficiency of the
148 programs generated as well as the speed with which LLVM compiles, optimizes, and
149 generates code.</p>
151 <p>The test-suite is located in the <tt>test-suite</tt> Subversion module.</p>
153 </div>
155 <!--=========================================================================-->
156 <div class="doc_section"><a name="quick">Quick start</a></div>
157 <!--=========================================================================-->
159 <div class="doc_text">
161 <p>The tests are located in two separate Subversion modules. The
162 DejaGNU tests are in the main "llvm" module under the directory
163 <tt>llvm/test</tt> (so you get these tests for free with the main llvm tree).
164 The more comprehensive test suite that includes whole
165 programs in C and C++ is in the <tt>test-suite</tt> module. This module should
166 be checked out to the <tt>llvm/projects</tt> directory (don't use another name
167 then the default "test-suite", for then the test suite will be run every time
168 you run <tt>make</tt> in the main <tt>llvm</tt> directory).
169 When you <tt>configure</tt> the <tt>llvm</tt> module,
170 the <tt>test-suite</tt> directory will be automatically configured.
171 Alternatively, you can configure the <tt>test-suite</tt> module manually.</p>
173 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
174 <div class="doc_subsection"><a name="quickdejagnu">DejaGNU tests</a></div>
175 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
176 <p>To run all of the simple tests in LLVM using DejaGNU, use the master Makefile
177 in the <tt>llvm/test</tt> directory:</p>
179 <div class="doc_code">
180 <pre>
181 % gmake -C llvm/test
182 </pre>
183 </div>
185 <p>or</p>
187 <div class="doc_code">
188 <pre>
189 % gmake check
190 </pre>
191 </div>
193 <p>To run only a subdirectory of tests in <tt>llvm/test</tt> using DejaGNU (ie.
194 Transforms), just set the TESTSUITE variable to the path of the
195 subdirectory (relative to <tt>llvm/test</tt>):</p>
197 <div class="doc_code">
198 <pre>
199 % gmake TESTSUITE=Transforms check
200 </pre>
201 </div>
203 <p><b>Note: If you are running the tests with <tt>objdir != subdir</tt>, you
204 must have run the complete testsuite before you can specify a
205 subdirectory.</b></p>
207 <p>To run only a single test, set <tt>TESTONE</tt> to its path (relative to
208 <tt>llvm/test</tt>) and make the <tt>check-one</tt> target:</p>
210 <div class="doc_code">
211 <pre>
212 % gmake TESTONE=Feature/basictest.ll check-one
213 </pre>
214 </div>
216 <p>To run the tests with Valgrind (Memcheck by default), just append
217 <tt>VG=1</tt> to the commands above, e.g.:</p>
219 <div class="doc_code">
220 <pre>
221 % gmake check VG=1
222 </pre>
223 </div>
225 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
226 <div class="doc_subsection"><a name="quicktestsuite">Test suite</a></div>
227 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
229 <p>To run the comprehensive test suite (tests that compile and execute whole
230 programs), first checkout and setup the <tt>test-suite</tt> module:</p>
232 <div class="doc_code">
233 <pre>
234 % cd llvm/projects
235 % svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/test-suite/trunk test-suite
236 % cd ..
237 % ./configure --with-llvmgccdir=$LLVM_GCC_DIR
238 </pre>
239 </div>
241 <p>where <tt>$LLVM_GCC_DIR</tt> is the directory where
242 you <em>installed</em> llvm-gcc, not it's src or obj
243 dir. The <tt>--with-llvmgccdir</tt> option assumes that
244 the <tt>llvm-gcc-4.2</tt> module was configured with
245 <tt>--program-prefix=llvm-</tt>, and therefore that the C and C++
246 compiler drivers are called <tt>llvm-gcc</tt> and <tt>llvm-g++</tt>
247 respectively. If this is not the case,
248 use <tt>--with-llvmgcc</tt>/<tt>--with-llvmgxx</tt> to specify each
249 executable's location.</p>
251 <p>Then, run the entire test suite by running make in the <tt>test-suite</tt>
252 directory:</p>
254 <div class="doc_code">
255 <pre>
256 % cd projects/test-suite
257 % gmake
258 </pre>
259 </div>
261 <p>Usually, running the "nightly" set of tests is a good idea, and you can also
262 let it generate a report by running:</p>
264 <div class="doc_code">
265 <pre>
266 % cd projects/test-suite
267 % gmake TEST=nightly report report.html
268 </pre>
269 </div>
271 <p>Any of the above commands can also be run in a subdirectory of
272 <tt>projects/test-suite</tt> to run the specified test only on the programs in
273 that subdirectory.</p>
275 </div>
277 <!--=========================================================================-->
278 <div class="doc_section"><a name="dgstructure">DejaGNU structure</a></div>
279 <!--=========================================================================-->
280 <div class="doc_text">
281 <p>The LLVM DejaGNU tests are driven by DejaGNU together with GNU Make and are
282 located in the <tt>llvm/test</tt> directory.
284 <p>This directory contains a large array of small tests
285 that exercise various features of LLVM and to ensure that regressions do not
286 occur. The directory is broken into several sub-directories, each focused on
287 a particular area of LLVM. A few of the important ones are:</p>
289 <ul>
290 <li><tt>Analysis</tt>: checks Analysis passes.</li>
291 <li><tt>Archive</tt>: checks the Archive library.</li>
292 <li><tt>Assembler</tt>: checks Assembly reader/writer functionality.</li>
293 <li><tt>Bitcode</tt>: checks Bitcode reader/writer functionality.</li>
294 <li><tt>CodeGen</tt>: checks code generation and each target.</li>
295 <li><tt>Features</tt>: checks various features of the LLVM language.</li>
296 <li><tt>Linker</tt>: tests bitcode linking.</li>
297 <li><tt>Transforms</tt>: tests each of the scalar, IPO, and utility
298 transforms to ensure they make the right transformations.</li>
299 <li><tt>Verifier</tt>: tests the IR verifier.</li>
300 </ul>
302 </div>
304 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
305 <div class="doc_subsection"><a name="dgcustom">Writing new DejaGNU tests</a></div>
306 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
307 <div class="doc_text">
308 <p>The DejaGNU structure is very simple, but does require some information to
309 be set. This information is gathered via <tt>configure</tt> and is written
310 to a file, <tt>site.exp</tt> in <tt>llvm/test</tt>. The <tt>llvm/test</tt>
311 Makefile does this work for you.</p>
313 <p>In order for DejaGNU to work, each directory of tests must have a
314 <tt>dg.exp</tt> file. DejaGNU looks for this file to determine how to run the
315 tests. This file is just a Tcl script and it can do anything you want, but
316 we've standardized it for the LLVM regression tests. If you're adding a
317 directory of tests, just copy <tt>dg.exp</tt> from another directory to get
318 running. The standard <tt>dg.exp</tt> simply loads a Tcl
319 library (<tt>test/lib/llvm.exp</tt>) and calls the <tt>llvm_runtests</tt>
320 function defined in that library with a list of file names to run. The names
321 are obtained by using Tcl's glob command. Any directory that contains only
322 directories does not need the <tt>dg.exp</tt> file.</p>
324 <p>The <tt>llvm-runtests</tt> function lookas at each file that is passed to
325 it and gathers any lines together that match "RUN:". This are the "RUN" lines
326 that specify how the test is to be run. So, each test script must contain
327 RUN lines if it is to do anything. If there are no RUN lines, the
328 <tt>llvm-runtests</tt> function will issue an error and the test will
329 fail.</p>
331 <p>RUN lines are specified in the comments of the test program using the
332 keyword <tt>RUN</tt> followed by a colon, and lastly the command (pipeline)
333 to execute. Together, these lines form the "script" that
334 <tt>llvm-runtests</tt> executes to run the test case. The syntax of the
335 RUN lines is similar to a shell's syntax for pipelines including I/O
336 redirection and variable substitution. However, even though these lines
337 may <i>look</i> like a shell script, they are not. RUN lines are interpreted
338 directly by the Tcl <tt>exec</tt> command. They are never executed by a
339 shell. Consequently the syntax differs from normal shell script syntax in a
340 few ways. You can specify as many RUN lines as needed.</p>
342 <p>Each RUN line is executed on its own, distinct from other lines unless
343 its last character is <tt>\</tt>. This continuation character causes the RUN
344 line to be concatenated with the next one. In this way you can build up long
345 pipelines of commands without making huge line lengths. The lines ending in
346 <tt>\</tt> are concatenated until a RUN line that doesn't end in <tt>\</tt> is
347 found. This concatenated set of RUN lines then constitutes one execution.
348 Tcl will substitute variables and arrange for the pipeline to be executed. If
349 any process in the pipeline fails, the entire line (and test case) fails too.
350 </p>
352 <p> Below is an example of legal RUN lines in a <tt>.ll</tt> file:</p>
354 <div class="doc_code">
355 <pre>
356 ; RUN: llvm-as &lt; %s | llvm-dis &gt; %t1
357 ; RUN: llvm-dis &lt; %s.bc-13 &gt; %t2
358 ; RUN: diff %t1 %t2
359 </pre>
360 </div>
362 <p>As with a Unix shell, the RUN: lines permit pipelines and I/O redirection
363 to be used. However, the usage is slightly different than for Bash. To check
364 what's legal, see the documentation for the
365 <a href="http://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.5/TclCmd/exec.htm#M2">Tcl exec</a>
366 command and the
367 <a href="http://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.5/tutorial/Tcl26.html">tutorial</a>.
368 The major differences are:</p>
369 <ul>
370 <li>You can't do <tt>2&gt;&amp;1</tt>. That will cause Tcl to write to a
371 file named <tt>&amp;1</tt>. Usually this is done to get stderr to go through
372 a pipe. You can do that in tcl with <tt>|&amp;</tt> so replace this idiom:
373 <tt>... 2&gt;&amp;1 | grep</tt> with <tt>... |&amp; grep</tt></li>
374 <li>You can only redirect to a file, not to another descriptor and not from
375 a here document.</li>
376 <li>tcl supports redirecting to open files with the @ syntax but you
377 shouldn't use that here.</li>
378 </ul>
380 <p>There are some quoting rules that you must pay attention to when writing
381 your RUN lines. In general nothing needs to be quoted. Tcl won't strip off any
382 ' or " so they will get passed to the invoked program. For example:</p>
384 <div class="doc_code">
385 <pre>
386 ... | grep 'find this string'
387 </pre>
388 </div>
390 <p>This will fail because the ' characters are passed to grep. This would
391 instruction grep to look for <tt>'find</tt> in the files <tt>this</tt> and
392 <tt>string'</tt>. To avoid this use curly braces to tell Tcl that it should
393 treat everything enclosed as one value. So our example would become:</p>
395 <div class="doc_code">
396 <pre>
397 ... | grep {find this string}
398 </pre>
399 </div>
401 <p>Additionally, the characters <tt>[</tt> and <tt>]</tt> are treated
402 specially by Tcl. They tell Tcl to interpret the content as a command to
403 execute. Since these characters are often used in regular expressions this can
404 have disastrous results and cause the entire test run in a directory to fail.
405 For example, a common idiom is to look for some basicblock number:</p>
407 <div class="doc_code">
408 <pre>
409 ... | grep bb[2-8]
410 </pre>
411 </div>
413 <p>This, however, will cause Tcl to fail because its going to try to execute
414 a program named "2-8". Instead, what you want is this:</p>
416 <div class="doc_code">
417 <pre>
418 ... | grep {bb\[2-8\]}
419 </pre>
420 </div>
422 <p>Finally, if you need to pass the <tt>\</tt> character down to a program,
423 then it must be doubled. This is another Tcl special character. So, suppose
424 you had:
426 <div class="doc_code">
427 <pre>
428 ... | grep 'i32\*'
429 </pre>
430 </div>
432 <p>This will fail to match what you want (a pointer to i32). First, the
433 <tt>'</tt> do not get stripped off. Second, the <tt>\</tt> gets stripped off
434 by Tcl so what grep sees is: <tt>'i32*'</tt>. That's not likely to match
435 anything. To resolve this you must use <tt>\\</tt> and the <tt>{}</tt>, like
436 this:</p>
438 <div class="doc_code">
439 <pre>
440 ... | grep {i32\\*}
441 </pre>
442 </div>
444 <p>If your system includes GNU <tt>grep</tt>, make sure
445 that <tt>GREP_OPTIONS</tt> is not set in your environment. Otherwise,
446 you may get invalid results (both false positives and false
447 negatives).</p>
449 </div>
451 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
452 <div class="doc_subsection"><a name="FileCheck">The FileCheck utility</a></div>
453 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
455 <div class="doc_text">
457 <p>A powerful feature of the RUN: lines is that it allows any arbitrary commands
458 to be executed as part of the test harness. While standard (portable) unix
459 tools like 'grep' work fine on run lines, as you see above, there are a lot
460 of caveats due to interaction with Tcl syntax, and we want to make sure the
461 run lines are portable to a wide range of systems. Another major problem is
462 that grep is not very good at checking to verify that the output of a tools
463 contains a series of different output in a specific order. The FileCheck
464 tool was designed to help with these problems.</p>
466 <p>FileCheck (whose basic command line arguments are described in <a
467 href="http://llvm.org/cmds/FileCheck.html">the FileCheck man page</a> is
468 designed to read a file to check from standard input, and the set of things
469 to verify from a file specified as a command line argument. A simple example
470 of using FileCheck from a RUN line looks like this:</p>
472 <div class="doc_code">
473 <pre>
474 ; RUN: llvm-as &lt; %s | llc -march=x86-64 | <b>FileCheck %s</b>
475 </pre>
476 </div>
478 <p>This syntax says to pipe the current file ("%s") into llvm-as, pipe that into
479 llc, then pipe the output of llc into FileCheck. This means that FileCheck will
480 be verifying its standard input (the llc output) against the filename argument
481 specified (the original .ll file specified by "%s"). To see how this works,
482 lets look at the rest of the .ll file (after the RUN line):</p>
484 <div class="doc_code">
485 <pre>
486 define void @sub1(i32* %p, i32 %v) {
487 entry:
488 ; <b>CHECK: sub1:</b>
489 ; <b>CHECK: subl</b>
490 %0 = tail call i32 @llvm.atomic.load.sub.i32.p0i32(i32* %p, i32 %v)
491 ret void
494 define void @inc4(i64* %p) {
495 entry:
496 ; <b>CHECK: inc4:</b>
497 ; <b>CHECK: incq</b>
498 %0 = tail call i64 @llvm.atomic.load.add.i64.p0i64(i64* %p, i64 1)
499 ret void
501 </pre>
502 </div>
504 <p>Here you can see some "CHECK:" lines specified in comments. Now you can see
505 how the file is piped into llvm-as, then llc, and the machine code output is
506 what we are verifying. FileCheck checks the machine code output to verify that
507 it matches what the "CHECK:" lines specify.</p>
509 <p>The syntax of the CHECK: lines is very simple: they are fixed strings that
510 must occur in order. FileCheck defaults to ignoring horizontal whitespace
511 differences (e.g. a space is allowed to match a tab) but otherwise, the contents
512 of the CHECK: line is required to match some thing in the test file exactly.</p>
514 <p>One nice thing about FileCheck (compared to grep) is that it allows merging
515 test cases together into logical groups. For example, because the test above
516 is checking for the "sub1:" and "inc4:" labels, it will not match unless there
517 is a "subl" in between those labels. If it existed somewhere else in the file,
518 that would not count: "grep subl" matches if subl exists anywhere in the
519 file.</p>
521 </div>
523 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
524 <div class="doc_subsubsection"><a
525 name="FileCheck-check-prefix">The FileCheck -check-prefix option</a></div>
527 <div class="doc_text">
529 <p>The FileCheck -check-prefix option allows multiple test configurations to be
530 driven from one .ll file. This is useful in many circumstances, for example,
531 testing different architectural variants with llc. Here's a simple example:</p>
533 <div class="doc_code">
534 <pre>
535 ; RUN: llvm-as &lt; %s | llc -mtriple=i686-apple-darwin9 -mattr=sse41 \
536 ; RUN: | <b>FileCheck %s -check-prefix=X32</b>
537 ; RUN: llvm-as &lt; %s | llc -mtriple=x86_64-apple-darwin9 -mattr=sse41 \
538 ; RUN: | <b>FileCheck %s -check-prefix=X64</b>
540 define &lt;4 x i32&gt; @pinsrd_1(i32 %s, &lt;4 x i32&gt; %tmp) nounwind {
541 %tmp1 = insertelement &lt;4 x i32&gt; %tmp, i32 %s, i32 1
542 ret &lt;4 x i32&gt; %tmp1
543 ; <b>X32:</b> pinsrd_1:
544 ; <b>X32:</b> pinsrd $1, 4(%esp), %xmm0
546 ; <b>X64:</b> pinsrd_1:
547 ; <b>X64:</b> pinsrd $1, %edi, %xmm0
549 </pre>
550 </div>
552 <p>In this case, we're testing that we get the expected code generation with
553 both 32-bit and 64-bit code generation.</p>
555 </div>
557 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
558 <div class="doc_subsubsection"><a
559 name="FileCheck-CHECK-NEXT">The "CHECK-NEXT:" directive</a></div>
561 <div class="doc_text">
563 <p>Sometimes you want to match lines and would like to verify that matches
564 happen on exactly consequtive lines with no other lines in between them. In
565 this case, you can use CHECK: and CHECK-NEXT: directives to specify this. If
566 you specified a custom check prefix, just use "&lt;PREFIX&gt;-NEXT:". For
567 example, something like this works as you'd expect:</p>
569 <div class="doc_code">
570 <pre>
571 define void @t2(&lt;2 x double&gt;* %r, &lt;2 x double&gt;* %A, double %B) {
572 %tmp3 = load &lt;2 x double&gt;* %A, align 16
573 %tmp7 = insertelement &lt;2 x double&gt; undef, double %B, i32 0
574 %tmp9 = shufflevector &lt;2 x double&gt; %tmp3,
575 &lt;2 x double&gt; %tmp7,
576 &lt;2 x i32&gt; &lt; i32 0, i32 2 &gt;
577 store &lt;2 x double&gt; %tmp9, &lt;2 x double&gt;* %r, align 16
578 ret void
580 ; <b>CHECK:</b> t2:
581 ; <b>CHECK:</b> movl 8(%esp), %eax
582 ; <b>CHECK-NEXT:</b> movapd (%eax), %xmm0
583 ; <b>CHECK-NEXT:</b> movhpd 12(%esp), %xmm0
584 ; <b>CHECK-NEXT:</b> movl 4(%esp), %eax
585 ; <b>CHECK-NEXT:</b> movapd %xmm0, (%eax)
586 ; <b>CHECK-NEXT:</b> ret
588 </pre>
589 </div>
591 <p>CHECK-NEXT: directives reject the input unless there is exactly one newline
592 between it an the previous directive. A CHECK-NEXT cannot be the first
593 directive in a file.</p>
595 </div>
597 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
598 <div class="doc_subsection"><a name="dgvars">Variables and
599 substitutions</a></div>
600 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
601 <div class="doc_text">
602 <p>With a RUN line there are a number of substitutions that are permitted. In
603 general, any Tcl variable that is available in the <tt>substitute</tt>
604 function (in <tt>test/lib/llvm.exp</tt>) can be substituted into a RUN line.
605 To make a substitution just write the variable's name preceded by a $.
606 Additionally, for compatibility reasons with previous versions of the test
607 library, certain names can be accessed with an alternate syntax: a % prefix.
608 These alternates are deprecated and may go away in a future version.
609 </p>
610 <p>Here are the available variable names. The alternate syntax is listed in
611 parentheses.</p>
613 <dl style="margin-left: 25px">
614 <dt><b>$test</b> (%s)</dt>
615 <dd>The full path to the test case's source. This is suitable for passing
616 on the command line as the input to an llvm tool.</dd>
618 <dt><b>$srcdir</b></dt>
619 <dd>The source directory from where the "<tt>make check</tt>" was run.</dd>
621 <dt><b>objdir</b></dt>
622 <dd>The object directory that corresponds to the <tt>$srcdir</tt>.</dd>
624 <dt><b>subdir</b></dt>
625 <dd>A partial path from the <tt>test</tt> directory that contains the
626 sub-directory that contains the test source being executed.</dd>
628 <dt><b>srcroot</b></dt>
629 <dd>The root directory of the LLVM src tree.</dd>
631 <dt><b>objroot</b></dt>
632 <dd>The root directory of the LLVM object tree. This could be the same
633 as the srcroot.</dd>
635 <dt><b>path</b><dt>
636 <dd>The path to the directory that contains the test case source. This is
637 for locating any supporting files that are not generated by the test, but
638 used by the test.</dd>
640 <dt><b>tmp</b></dt>
641 <dd>The path to a temporary file name that could be used for this test case.
642 The file name won't conflict with other test cases. You can append to it if
643 you need multiple temporaries. This is useful as the destination of some
644 redirected output.</dd>
646 <dt><b>llvmlibsdir</b> (%llvmlibsdir)</dt>
647 <dd>The directory where the LLVM libraries are located.</dd>
649 <dt><b>target_triplet</b> (%target_triplet)</dt>
650 <dd>The target triplet that corresponds to the current host machine (the one
651 running the test cases). This should probably be called "host".<dd>
653 <dt><b>llvmgcc</b> (%llvmgcc)</dt>
654 <dd>The full path to the <tt>llvm-gcc</tt> executable as specified in the
655 configured LLVM environment</dd>
657 <dt><b>llvmgxx</b> (%llvmgxx)</dt>
658 <dd>The full path to the <tt>llvm-gxx</tt> executable as specified in the
659 configured LLVM environment</dd>
661 <dt><b>llvmgcc_version</b> (%llvmgcc_version)</dt>
662 <dd>The full version number of the <tt>llvm-gcc</tt> executable.</dd>
664 <dt><b>llvmgccmajvers</b> (%llvmgccmajvers)</dt>
665 <dd>The major version number of the <tt>llvm-gcc</tt> executable.</dd>
667 <dt><b>gccpath</b></dt>
668 <dd>The full path to the C compiler used to <i>build </i> LLVM. Note that
669 this might not be gcc.</dd>
671 <dt><b>gxxpath</b></dt>
672 <dd>The full path to the C++ compiler used to <i>build </i> LLVM. Note that
673 this might not be g++.</dd>
675 <dt><b>compile_c</b> (%compile_c)</dt>
676 <dd>The full command line used to compile LLVM C source code. This has all
677 the configured -I, -D and optimization options.</dd>
679 <dt><b>compile_cxx</b> (%compile_cxx)</dt>
680 <dd>The full command used to compile LLVM C++ source code. This has
681 all the configured -I, -D and optimization options.</dd>
683 <dt><b>link</b> (%link)</dt>
684 <dd>This full link command used to link LLVM executables. This has all the
685 configured -I, -L and -l options.</dd>
687 <dt><b>shlibext</b> (%shlibext)</dt>
688 <dd>The suffix for the host platforms share library (dll) files. This
689 includes the period as the first character.</dd>
690 </dl>
691 <p>To add more variables, two things need to be changed. First, add a line in
692 the <tt>test/Makefile</tt> that creates the <tt>site.exp</tt> file. This will
693 "set" the variable as a global in the site.exp file. Second, in the
694 <tt>test/lib/llvm.exp</tt> file, in the substitute proc, add the variable name
695 to the list of "global" declarations at the beginning of the proc. That's it,
696 the variable can then be used in test scripts.</p>
697 </div>
699 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
700 <div class="doc_subsection"><a name="dgfeatures">Other Features</a></div>
701 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
702 <div class="doc_text">
703 <p>To make RUN line writing easier, there are several shell scripts located
704 in the <tt>llvm/test/Scripts</tt> directory. This directory is in the PATH
705 when running tests, so you can just call these scripts using their name. For
706 example:</p>
707 <dl>
708 <dt><b>ignore</b></dt>
709 <dd>This script runs its arguments and then always returns 0. This is useful
710 in cases where the test needs to cause a tool to generate an error (e.g. to
711 check the error output). However, any program in a pipeline that returns a
712 non-zero result will cause the test to fail. This script overcomes that
713 issue and nicely documents that the test case is purposefully ignoring the
714 result code of the tool</dd>
716 <dt><b>not</b></dt>
717 <dd>This script runs its arguments and then inverts the result code from
718 it. Zero result codes become 1. Non-zero result codes become 0. This is
719 useful to invert the result of a grep. For example "not grep X" means
720 succeed only if you don't find X in the input.</dd>
721 </dl>
723 <p>Sometimes it is necessary to mark a test case as "expected fail" or XFAIL.
724 You can easily mark a test as XFAIL just by including <tt>XFAIL: </tt> on a
725 line near the top of the file. This signals that the test case should succeed
726 if the test fails. Such test cases are counted separately by DejaGnu. To
727 specify an expected fail, use the XFAIL keyword in the comments of the test
728 program followed by a colon and one or more regular expressions (separated by
729 a comma). The regular expressions allow you to XFAIL the test conditionally
730 by host platform. The regular expressions following the : are matched against
731 the target triplet or llvmgcc version number for the host machine. If there is
732 a match, the test is expected to fail. If not, the test is expected to
733 succeed. To XFAIL everywhere just specify <tt>XFAIL: *</tt>. When matching
734 the llvm-gcc version, you can specify the major (e.g. 3) or full version
735 (i.e. 3.4) number. Here is an example of an <tt>XFAIL</tt> line:</p>
737 <div class="doc_code">
738 <pre>
739 ; XFAIL: darwin,sun,llvmgcc4
740 </pre>
741 </div>
743 <p>To make the output more useful, the <tt>llvm_runtest</tt> function wil
744 scan the lines of the test case for ones that contain a pattern that matches
745 PR[0-9]+. This is the syntax for specifying a PR (Problem Report) number that
746 is related to the test case. The number after "PR" specifies the LLVM bugzilla
747 number. When a PR number is specified, it will be used in the pass/fail
748 reporting. This is useful to quickly get some context when a test fails.</p>
750 <p>Finally, any line that contains "END." will cause the special
751 interpretation of lines to terminate. This is generally done right after the
752 last RUN: line. This has two side effects: (a) it prevents special
753 interpretation of lines that are part of the test program, not the
754 instructions to the test case, and (b) it speeds things up for really big test
755 cases by avoiding interpretation of the remainder of the file.</p>
757 </div>
759 <!--=========================================================================-->
760 <div class="doc_section"><a name="testsuitestructure">Test suite
761 Structure</a></div>
762 <!--=========================================================================-->
764 <div class="doc_text">
766 <p>The <tt>test-suite</tt> module contains a number of programs that can be compiled
767 with LLVM and executed. These programs are compiled using the native compiler
768 and various LLVM backends. The output from the program compiled with the
769 native compiler is assumed correct; the results from the other programs are
770 compared to the native program output and pass if they match.</p>
772 <p>When executing tests, it is usually a good idea to start out with a subset of
773 the available tests or programs. This makes test run times smaller at first and
774 later on this is useful to investigate individual test failures. To run some
775 test only on a subset of programs, simply change directory to the programs you
776 want tested and run <tt>gmake</tt> there. Alternatively, you can run a different
777 test using the <tt>TEST</tt> variable to change what tests or run on the
778 selected programs (see below for more info).</p>
780 <p>In addition for testing correctness, the <tt>llvm-test</tt> directory also
781 performs timing tests of various LLVM optimizations. It also records
782 compilation times for the compilers and the JIT. This information can be
783 used to compare the effectiveness of LLVM's optimizations and code
784 generation.</p>
786 <p><tt>llvm-test</tt> tests are divided into three types of tests: MultiSource,
787 SingleSource, and External.</p>
789 <ul>
790 <li><tt>llvm-test/SingleSource</tt>
791 <p>The SingleSource directory contains test programs that are only a single
792 source file in size. These are usually small benchmark programs or small
793 programs that calculate a particular value. Several such programs are grouped
794 together in each directory.</p></li>
796 <li><tt>llvm-test/MultiSource</tt>
797 <p>The MultiSource directory contains subdirectories which contain entire
798 programs with multiple source files. Large benchmarks and whole applications
799 go here.</p></li>
801 <li><tt>llvm-test/External</tt>
802 <p>The External directory contains Makefiles for building code that is external
803 to (i.e., not distributed with) LLVM. The most prominent members of this
804 directory are the SPEC 95 and SPEC 2000 benchmark suites. The <tt>External</tt>
805 directory does not contain these actual tests, but only the Makefiles that know
806 how to properly compile these programs from somewhere else. The presence and
807 location of these external programs is configured by the llvm-test
808 <tt>configure</tt> script.</p></li>
809 </ul>
811 <p>Each tree is then subdivided into several categories, including applications,
812 benchmarks, regression tests, code that is strange grammatically, etc. These
813 organizations should be relatively self explanatory.</p>
815 <p>Some tests are known to fail. Some are bugs that we have not fixed yet;
816 others are features that we haven't added yet (or may never add). In DejaGNU,
817 the result for such tests will be XFAIL (eXpected FAILure). In this way, you
818 can tell the difference between an expected and unexpected failure.</p>
820 <p>The tests in the test suite have no such feature at this time. If the
821 test passes, only warnings and other miscellaneous output will be generated. If
822 a test fails, a large &lt;program&gt; FAILED message will be displayed. This
823 will help you separate benign warnings from actual test failures.</p>
825 </div>
827 <!--=========================================================================-->
828 <div class="doc_section"><a name="testsuiterun">Running the test suite</a></div>
829 <!--=========================================================================-->
831 <div class="doc_text">
833 <p>First, all tests are executed within the LLVM object directory tree. They
834 <i>are not</i> executed inside of the LLVM source tree. This is because the
835 test suite creates temporary files during execution.</p>
837 <p>To run the test suite, you need to use the following steps:</p>
839 <ol>
840 <li><tt>cd</tt> into the <tt>llvm/projects</tt> directory in your source tree.
841 </li>
843 <li><p>Check out the <tt>test-suite</tt> module with:</p>
845 <div class="doc_code">
846 <pre>
847 % svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/test-suite/trunk test-suite
848 </pre>
849 </div>
850 <p>This will get the test suite into <tt>llvm/projects/test-suite</tt>.</p>
851 </li>
852 <li><p>Configure and build <tt>llvm</tt>.</p></li>
853 <li><p>Configure and build <tt>llvm-gcc</tt>.</p></li>
854 <li><p>Install <tt>llvm-gcc</tt> somewhere.</p></li>
855 <li><p><em>Re-configure</em> <tt>llvm</tt> from the top level of
856 each build tree (LLVM object directory tree) in which you want
857 to run the test suite, just as you do before building LLVM.</p>
858 <p>During the <em>re-configuration</em>, you must either: (1)
859 have <tt>llvm-gcc</tt> you just built in your path, or (2)
860 specify the directory where your just-built <tt>llvm-gcc</tt> is
861 installed using <tt>--with-llvmgccdir=$LLVM_GCC_DIR</tt>.</p>
862 <p>You must also tell the configure machinery that the test suite
863 is available so it can be configured for your build tree:</p>
864 <div class="doc_code">
865 <pre>
866 % cd $LLVM_OBJ_ROOT ; $LLVM_SRC_ROOT/configure [--with-llvmgccdir=$LLVM_GCC_DIR]
867 </pre>
868 </div>
869 <p>[Remember that <tt>$LLVM_GCC_DIR</tt> is the directory where you
870 <em>installed</em> llvm-gcc, not its src or obj directory.]</p>
871 </li>
873 <li><p>You can now run the test suite from your build tree as follows:</p>
874 <div class="doc_code">
875 <pre>
876 % cd $LLVM_OBJ_ROOT/projects/test-suite
877 % make
878 </pre>
879 </div>
880 </li>
881 </ol>
882 <p>Note that the second and third steps only need to be done once. After you
883 have the suite checked out and configured, you don't need to do it again (unless
884 the test code or configure script changes).</p>
886 </div>
888 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
889 <div class="doc_subsection">
890 <a name="testsuiteexternal">Configuring External Tests</a></div>
891 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
893 <div class="doc_text">
894 <p>In order to run the External tests in the <tt>test-suite</tt>
895 module, you must specify <i>--with-externals</i>. This
896 must be done during the <em>re-configuration</em> step (see above),
897 and the <tt>llvm</tt> re-configuration must recognize the
898 previously-built <tt>llvm-gcc</tt>. If any of these is missing or
899 neglected, the External tests won't work.</p>
900 <dl>
901 <dt><i>--with-externals</i></dt>
902 <dt><i>--with-externals=&lt;<tt>directory</tt>&gt;</i></dt>
903 </dl>
904 This tells LLVM where to find any external tests. They are expected to be
905 in specifically named subdirectories of &lt;<tt>directory</tt>&gt;.
906 If <tt>directory</tt> is left unspecified,
907 <tt>configure</tt> uses the default value
908 <tt>/home/vadve/shared/benchmarks/speccpu2000/benchspec</tt>.
909 Subdirectory names known to LLVM include:
910 <dl>
911 <dt>spec95</dt>
912 <dt>speccpu2000</dt>
913 <dt>speccpu2006</dt>
914 <dt>povray31</dt>
915 </dl>
916 Others are added from time to time, and can be determined from
917 <tt>configure</tt>.
918 </div>
920 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
921 <div class="doc_subsection">
922 <a name="testsuitetests">Running different tests</a></div>
923 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
924 <div class="doc_text">
925 <p>In addition to the regular "whole program" tests, the <tt>test-suite</tt>
926 module also provides a mechanism for compiling the programs in different ways.
927 If the variable TEST is defined on the <tt>gmake</tt> command line, the test system will
928 include a Makefile named <tt>TEST.&lt;value of TEST variable&gt;.Makefile</tt>.
929 This Makefile can modify build rules to yield different results.</p>
931 <p>For example, the LLVM nightly tester uses <tt>TEST.nightly.Makefile</tt> to
932 create the nightly test reports. To run the nightly tests, run <tt>gmake
933 TEST=nightly</tt>.</p>
935 <p>There are several TEST Makefiles available in the tree. Some of them are
936 designed for internal LLVM research and will not work outside of the LLVM
937 research group. They may still be valuable, however, as a guide to writing your
938 own TEST Makefile for any optimization or analysis passes that you develop with
939 LLVM.</p>
941 </div>
943 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
944 <div class="doc_subsection">
945 <a name="testsuiteoutput">Generating test output</a></div>
946 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
947 <div class="doc_text">
948 <p>There are a number of ways to run the tests and generate output. The most
949 simple one is simply running <tt>gmake</tt> with no arguments. This will
950 compile and run all programs in the tree using a number of different methods
951 and compare results. Any failures are reported in the output, but are likely
952 drowned in the other output. Passes are not reported explicitely.</p>
954 <p>Somewhat better is running <tt>gmake TEST=sometest test</tt>, which runs
955 the specified test and usually adds per-program summaries to the output
956 (depending on which sometest you use). For example, the <tt>nightly</tt> test
957 explicitely outputs TEST-PASS or TEST-FAIL for every test after each program.
958 Though these lines are still drowned in the output, it's easy to grep the
959 output logs in the Output directories.</p>
961 <p>Even better are the <tt>report</tt> and <tt>report.format</tt> targets
962 (where <tt>format</tt> is one of <tt>html</tt>, <tt>csv</tt>, <tt>text</tt> or
963 <tt>graphs</tt>). The exact contents of the report are dependent on which
964 <tt>TEST</tt> you are running, but the text results are always shown at the
965 end of the run and the results are always stored in the
966 <tt>report.&lt;type&gt;.format</tt> file (when running with
967 <tt>TEST=&lt;type&gt;</tt>).
969 The <tt>report</tt> also generate a file called
970 <tt>report.&lt;type&gt;.raw.out</tt> containing the output of the entire test
971 run.
972 </div>
974 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
975 <div class="doc_subsection">
976 <a name="testsuitecustom">Writing custom tests for the test suite</a></div>
977 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
979 <div class="doc_text">
981 <p>Assuming you can run the test suite, (e.g. "<tt>gmake TEST=nightly report</tt>"
982 should work), it is really easy to run optimizations or code generator
983 components against every program in the tree, collecting statistics or running
984 custom checks for correctness. At base, this is how the nightly tester works,
985 it's just one example of a general framework.</p>
987 <p>Lets say that you have an LLVM optimization pass, and you want to see how
988 many times it triggers. First thing you should do is add an LLVM
989 <a href="ProgrammersManual.html#Statistic">statistic</a> to your pass, which
990 will tally counts of things you care about.</p>
992 <p>Following this, you can set up a test and a report that collects these and
993 formats them for easy viewing. This consists of two files, an
994 "<tt>test-suite/TEST.XXX.Makefile</tt>" fragment (where XXX is the name of your
995 test) and an "<tt>llvm-test/TEST.XXX.report</tt>" file that indicates how to
996 format the output into a table. There are many example reports of various
997 levels of sophistication included with the test suite, and the framework is very
998 general.</p>
1000 <p>If you are interested in testing an optimization pass, check out the
1001 "libcalls" test as an example. It can be run like this:<p>
1003 <div class="doc_code">
1004 <pre>
1005 % cd llvm/projects/test-suite/MultiSource/Benchmarks # or some other level
1006 % make TEST=libcalls report
1007 </pre>
1008 </div>
1010 <p>This will do a bunch of stuff, then eventually print a table like this:</p>
1012 <div class="doc_code">
1013 <pre>
1014 Name | total | #exit |
1016 FreeBench/analyzer/analyzer | 51 | 6 |
1017 FreeBench/fourinarow/fourinarow | 1 | 1 |
1018 FreeBench/neural/neural | 19 | 9 |
1019 FreeBench/pifft/pifft | 5 | 3 |
1020 MallocBench/cfrac/cfrac | 1 | * |
1021 MallocBench/espresso/espresso | 52 | 12 |
1022 MallocBench/gs/gs | 4 | * |
1023 Prolangs-C/TimberWolfMC/timberwolfmc | 302 | * |
1024 Prolangs-C/agrep/agrep | 33 | 12 |
1025 Prolangs-C/allroots/allroots | * | * |
1026 Prolangs-C/assembler/assembler | 47 | * |
1027 Prolangs-C/bison/mybison | 74 | * |
1029 </pre>
1030 </div>
1032 <p>This basically is grepping the -stats output and displaying it in a table.
1033 You can also use the "TEST=libcalls report.html" target to get the table in HTML
1034 form, similarly for report.csv and report.tex.</p>
1036 <p>The source for this is in test-suite/TEST.libcalls.*. The format is pretty
1037 simple: the Makefile indicates how to run the test (in this case,
1038 "<tt>opt -simplify-libcalls -stats</tt>"), and the report contains one line for
1039 each column of the output. The first value is the header for the column and the
1040 second is the regex to grep the output of the command for. There are lots of
1041 example reports that can do fancy stuff.</p>
1043 </div>
1046 <!--=========================================================================-->
1047 <div class="doc_section"><a name="nightly">Running the nightly tester</a></div>
1048 <!--=========================================================================-->
1050 <div class="doc_text">
1053 The <a href="http://llvm.org/nightlytest/">LLVM Nightly Testers</a>
1054 automatically check out an LLVM tree, build it, run the "nightly"
1055 program test (described above), run all of the DejaGNU tests,
1056 delete the checked out tree, and then submit the results to
1057 <a href="http://llvm.org/nightlytest/">http://llvm.org/nightlytest/</a>.
1058 After test results are submitted to
1059 <a href="http://llvm.org/nightlytest/">http://llvm.org/nightlytest/</a>,
1060 they are processed and displayed on the tests page. An email to
1061 <a href="http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/pipermail/llvm-testresults/">
1062 llvm-testresults@cs.uiuc.edu</a> summarizing the results is also generated.
1063 This testing scheme is designed to ensure that programs don't break as well
1064 as keep track of LLVM's progress over time.</p>
1066 <p>If you'd like to set up an instance of the nightly tester to run on your
1067 machine, take a look at the comments at the top of the
1068 <tt>utils/NewNightlyTest.pl</tt> file. If you decide to set up a nightly tester
1069 please choose a unique nickname and invoke <tt>utils/NewNightlyTest.pl</tt>
1070 with the "-nickname [yournickname]" command line option.
1072 <p>You can create a shell script to encapsulate the running of the script.
1073 The optimized x86 Linux nightly test is run from just such a script:</p>
1075 <div class="doc_code">
1076 <pre>
1077 #!/bin/bash
1078 BASE=/proj/work/llvm/nightlytest
1079 export BUILDDIR=$BASE/build
1080 export WEBDIR=$BASE/testresults
1081 export LLVMGCCDIR=/proj/work/llvm/cfrontend/install
1082 export PATH=/proj/install/bin:$LLVMGCCDIR/bin:$PATH
1083 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/proj/install/lib
1084 cd $BASE
1085 cp /proj/work/llvm/llvm/utils/NewNightlyTest.pl .
1086 nice ./NewNightlyTest.pl -nice -release -verbose -parallel -enable-linscan \
1087 -nickname NightlyTester -noexternals &gt; output.log 2&gt;&amp;1
1088 </pre>
1089 </div>
1091 <p>It is also possible to specify the the location your nightly test results
1092 are submitted. You can do this by passing the command line option
1093 "-submit-server [server_address]" and "-submit-script [script_on_server]" to
1094 <tt>utils/NewNightlyTest.pl</tt>. For example, to submit to the llvm.org
1095 nightly test results page, you would invoke the nightly test script with
1096 "-submit-server llvm.org -submit-script /nightlytest/NightlyTestAccept.cgi".
1097 If these options are not specified, the nightly test script sends the results
1098 to the llvm.org nightly test results page.</p>
1100 <p>Take a look at the <tt>NewNightlyTest.pl</tt> file to see what all of the
1101 flags and strings do. If you start running the nightly tests, please let us
1102 know. Thanks!</p>
1104 </div>
1106 <!-- *********************************************************************** -->
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