1 // Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
2 // All rights reserved.
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5 // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
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9 // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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11 // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
12 // in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
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16 // this software without specific prior written permission.
18 // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
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24 // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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28 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
30 // Authors: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan), eefacm@gmail.com (Sean Mcafee)
32 // The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
34 // This header file declares the String class and functions used internally by
35 // Google Test. They are subject to change without notice. They should not used
36 // by code external to Google Test.
38 // This header file is #included by testing/base/internal/gtest-internal.h.
39 // It should not be #included by other files.
41 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_STRING_H_
42 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_STRING_H_
45 #include <gtest/internal/gtest-port.h>
47 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING || GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING
49 #endif // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING || GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING
54 // String - a UTF-8 string class.
56 // We cannot use std::string as Microsoft's STL implementation in
57 // Visual C++ 7.1 has problems when exception is disabled. There is a
58 // hack to work around this, but we've seen cases where the hack fails
61 // Also, String is different from std::string in that it can represent
62 // both NULL and the empty string, while std::string cannot represent
65 // NULL and the empty string are considered different. NULL is less
66 // than anything (including the empty string) except itself.
68 // This class only provides minimum functionality necessary for
69 // implementing Google Test. We do not intend to implement a full-fledged
72 // Since the purpose of this class is to provide a substitute for
73 // std::string on platforms where it cannot be used, we define a copy
74 // constructor and assignment operators such that we don't need
75 // conditional compilation in a lot of places.
77 // In order to make the representation efficient, the d'tor of String
78 // is not virtual. Therefore DO NOT INHERIT FROM String.
81 // Static utility methods
83 // Returns the input if it's not NULL, otherwise returns "(null)".
84 // This function serves two purposes:
86 // 1. ShowCString(NULL) has type 'const char *', instead of the
87 // type of NULL (which is int).
89 // 2. In MSVC, streaming a null char pointer to StrStream generates
90 // an access violation, so we need to convert NULL to "(null)"
91 // before streaming it.
92 static inline const char* ShowCString(const char* c_str
) {
93 return c_str
? c_str
: "(null)";
96 // Returns the input enclosed in double quotes if it's not NULL;
97 // otherwise returns "(null)". For example, "\"Hello\"" is returned
100 // This is useful for printing a C string in the syntax of a literal.
102 // Known issue: escape sequences are not handled yet.
103 static String
ShowCStringQuoted(const char* c_str
);
105 // Clones a 0-terminated C string, allocating memory using new. The
106 // caller is responsible for deleting the return value using
107 // delete[]. Returns the cloned string, or NULL if the input is
110 // This is different from strdup() in string.h, which allocates
111 // memory using malloc().
112 static const char* CloneCString(const char* c_str
);
115 // Windows CE does not have the 'ANSI' versions of Win32 APIs. To be
116 // able to pass strings to Win32 APIs on CE we need to convert them
117 // to 'Unicode', UTF-16.
119 // Creates a UTF-16 wide string from the given ANSI string, allocating
120 // memory using new. The caller is responsible for deleting the return
121 // value using delete[]. Returns the wide string, or NULL if the
124 // The wide string is created using the ANSI codepage (CP_ACP) to
125 // match the behaviour of the ANSI versions of Win32 calls and the
127 static LPCWSTR
AnsiToUtf16(const char* c_str
);
129 // Creates an ANSI string from the given wide string, allocating
130 // memory using new. The caller is responsible for deleting the return
131 // value using delete[]. Returns the ANSI string, or NULL if the
134 // The returned string is created using the ANSI codepage (CP_ACP) to
135 // match the behaviour of the ANSI versions of Win32 calls and the
137 static const char* Utf16ToAnsi(LPCWSTR utf16_str
);
140 // Compares two C strings. Returns true iff they have the same content.
142 // Unlike strcmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s). A
143 // NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
144 // including the empty string.
145 static bool CStringEquals(const char* lhs
, const char* rhs
);
147 // Converts a wide C string to a String using the UTF-8 encoding.
148 // NULL will be converted to "(null)". If an error occurred during
149 // the conversion, "(failed to convert from wide string)" is
151 static String
ShowWideCString(const wchar_t* wide_c_str
);
153 // Similar to ShowWideCString(), except that this function encloses
154 // the converted string in double quotes.
155 static String
ShowWideCStringQuoted(const wchar_t* wide_c_str
);
157 // Compares two wide C strings. Returns true iff they have the same
160 // Unlike wcscmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s). A
161 // NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
162 // including the empty string.
163 static bool WideCStringEquals(const wchar_t* lhs
, const wchar_t* rhs
);
165 // Compares two C strings, ignoring case. Returns true iff they
166 // have the same content.
168 // Unlike strcasecmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).
169 // A NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL C string,
170 // including the empty string.
171 static bool CaseInsensitiveCStringEquals(const char* lhs
,
174 // Compares two wide C strings, ignoring case. Returns true iff they
175 // have the same content.
177 // Unlike wcscasecmp(), this function can handle NULL argument(s).
178 // A NULL C string is considered different to any non-NULL wide C string,
179 // including the empty string.
180 // NB: The implementations on different platforms slightly differ.
181 // On windows, this method uses _wcsicmp which compares according to LC_CTYPE
182 // environment variable. On GNU platform this method uses wcscasecmp
183 // which compares according to LC_CTYPE category of the current locale.
184 // On MacOS X, it uses towlower, which also uses LC_CTYPE category of the
186 static bool CaseInsensitiveWideCStringEquals(const wchar_t* lhs
,
189 // Formats a list of arguments to a String, using the same format
190 // spec string as for printf.
192 // We do not use the StringPrintf class as it is not universally
195 // The result is limited to 4096 characters (including the tailing
196 // 0). If 4096 characters are not enough to format the input,
197 // "<buffer exceeded>" is returned.
198 static String
Format(const char* format
, ...);
202 // The default c'tor constructs a NULL string.
203 String() : c_str_(NULL
) {}
205 // Constructs a String by cloning a 0-terminated C string.
206 String(const char* c_str
) : c_str_(NULL
) { // NOLINT
210 // Constructs a String by copying a given number of chars from a
211 // buffer. E.g. String("hello", 3) will create the string "hel".
212 String(const char* buffer
, size_t len
);
214 // The copy c'tor creates a new copy of the string. The two
215 // String objects do not share content.
216 String(const String
& str
) : c_str_(NULL
) {
220 // D'tor. String is intended to be a final class, so the d'tor
221 // doesn't need to be virtual.
222 ~String() { delete[] c_str_
; }
224 // Allows a String to be implicitly converted to an ::std::string or
225 // ::string, and vice versa. Converting a String containing a NULL
226 // pointer to ::std::string or ::string is undefined behavior.
227 // Converting a ::std::string or ::string containing an embedded NUL
228 // character to a String will result in the prefix up to the first
230 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING
231 String(const ::std::string
& str
) : c_str_(NULL
) { *this = str
.c_str(); }
233 operator ::std::string() const { return ::std::string(c_str_
); }
234 #endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING
236 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
237 String(const ::string
& str
) : c_str_(NULL
) { *this = str
.c_str(); }
239 operator ::string() const { return ::string(c_str_
); }
240 #endif // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
242 // Returns true iff this is an empty string (i.e. "").
244 return (c_str_
!= NULL
) && (*c_str_
== '\0');
247 // Compares this with another String.
248 // Returns < 0 if this is less than rhs, 0 if this is equal to rhs, or > 0
249 // if this is greater than rhs.
250 int Compare(const String
& rhs
) const;
252 // Returns true iff this String equals the given C string. A NULL
253 // string and a non-NULL string are considered not equal.
254 bool operator==(const char* c_str
) const {
255 return CStringEquals(c_str_
, c_str
);
258 // Returns true iff this String is less than the given C string. A NULL
259 // string is considered less than "".
260 bool operator<(const String
& rhs
) const { return Compare(rhs
) < 0; }
262 // Returns true iff this String doesn't equal the given C string. A NULL
263 // string and a non-NULL string are considered not equal.
264 bool operator!=(const char* c_str
) const {
265 return !CStringEquals(c_str_
, c_str
);
268 // Returns true iff this String ends with the given suffix. *Any*
269 // String is considered to end with a NULL or empty suffix.
270 bool EndsWith(const char* suffix
) const;
272 // Returns true iff this String ends with the given suffix, not considering
273 // case. Any String is considered to end with a NULL or empty suffix.
274 bool EndsWithCaseInsensitive(const char* suffix
) const;
276 // Returns the length of the encapsulated string, or -1 if the
278 int GetLength() const {
279 return c_str_
? static_cast<int>(strlen(c_str_
)) : -1;
282 // Gets the 0-terminated C string this String object represents.
283 // The String object still owns the string. Therefore the caller
284 // should NOT delete the return value.
285 const char* c_str() const { return c_str_
; }
287 // Sets the 0-terminated C string this String object represents.
288 // The old string in this object is deleted, and this object will
289 // own a clone of the input string. This function copies only up to
290 // length bytes (plus a terminating null byte), or until the first
291 // null byte, whichever comes first.
293 // This function works even when the c_str parameter has the same
294 // value as that of the c_str_ field.
295 void Set(const char* c_str
, size_t length
);
297 // Assigns a C string to this object. Self-assignment works.
298 const String
& operator=(const char* c_str
);
300 // Assigns a String object to this object. Self-assignment works.
301 const String
& operator=(const String
&rhs
) {
310 // Streams a String to an ostream.
311 inline ::std::ostream
& operator <<(::std::ostream
& os
, const String
& str
) {
312 // We call String::ShowCString() to convert NULL to "(null)".
313 // Otherwise we'll get an access violation on Windows.
314 return os
<< String::ShowCString(str
.c_str());
317 // Gets the content of the StrStream's buffer as a String. Each '\0'
318 // character in the buffer is replaced with "\\0".
319 String
StrStreamToString(StrStream
* stream
);
321 // Converts a streamable value to a String. A NULL pointer is
322 // converted to "(null)". When the input value is a ::string,
323 // ::std::string, ::wstring, or ::std::wstring object, each NUL
324 // character in it is replaced with "\\0".
326 // Declared here but defined in gtest.h, so that it has access
327 // to the definition of the Message class, required by the ARM
329 template <typename T
>
330 String
StreamableToString(const T
& streamable
);
332 } // namespace internal
333 } // namespace testing
335 #endif // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_STRING_H_