9 B<llvm-ld> <options> <files>
13 The B<llvm-ld> tool takes a set of LLVM bitcode files and links them
14 together into a single LLVM bitcode file. The output bitcode file can be
15 another bitcode file or an executable bitcode program. Using additional
16 options, B<llvm-ld> is able to produce native code executables.
18 The B<llvm-ld> tool is the main linker for LLVM. It is used to link together
19 the output of LLVM front-end compilers and run "link time" optimizations (mostly
20 the inter-procedural kind).
22 The B<llvm-ld> tools attempts to mimic the interface provided by the default
23 system linker so that it can act as a I<drop-in> replacement.
27 When looking for objects specified on the command line, B<llvm-ld> will search
28 for the object first in the current directory and then in the directory
29 specified by the B<LLVM_LIB_SEARCH_PATH> environment variable. If it cannot
30 find the object, it fails.
32 When looking for a library specified with the B<-l> option, B<llvm-ld> first
33 attempts to load a file with that name from the current directory. If that
34 fails, it looks for libI<library>.bc, libI<library>.a, or libI<library>.I<shared
35 library extension>, in that order, in each directory added to the library search
36 path with the B<-L> option. These directories are searched in the order they
37 are specified. If the library cannot be located, then B<llvm-ld> looks in the
38 directory specified by the B<LLVM_LIB_SEARCH_PATH> environment variable. If it
39 does not find a library there, it fails.
41 The I<shared library extension> may be I<.so>, I<.dyld>, I<.dll>, or something
42 different, depending upon the system.
44 The B<-L> option is global. It does not matter where it is specified in the
45 list of command line arguments; the directory is simply added to the search path
46 and is applied to all libraries, preceding or succeeding, in the command line.
50 All object and bitcode files are linked first in the order they were
51 specified on the command line. All library files are linked next.
52 Some libraries may not be linked into the object program; see below.
54 =head2 Library Linkage
56 Object files and static bitcode objects are always linked into the output
57 file. Library archives (.a files) load only the objects within the archive
58 that define symbols needed by the output file. Hence, libraries should be
59 listed after the object files and libraries which need them; otherwise, the
60 library may not be linked in, and the dependent library will not have its
61 undefined symbols defined.
63 =head2 Native code generation
65 The B<llvm-ld> program has limited support for native code generation, when
66 using the B<-native> or B<-native-cbe> options. Native code generation is
67 performed by converting the linked bitcode into native assembly (.s) or C code
68 and running the system compiler (typically gcc) on the result.
72 =head2 General Options
78 Print a summary of command line options.
82 Specifies verbose mode. In this mode the linker will print additional
83 information about the actions it takes, programs it executes, etc.
91 Record the amount of time needed for each pass and print it to standard
96 =head2 Input/Output Options
100 =item B<-o> F<filename>
102 This overrides the default output file and specifies the name of the file that
103 should be generated by the linker. By default, B<llvm-ld> generates a file named
104 F<a.out> for compatibility with B<ld>. The output will be written to
109 This option specifies the F<name> of a library to search when resolving symbols
110 for the program. Only the base name should be specified as F<name>, without a
111 F<lib> prefix or any suffix.
115 This option tells B<llvm-ld> to look in F<Path> to find any library subsequently
116 specified with the B<-l> option. The paths will be searched in the order in
117 which they are specified on the command line. If the library is still not found,
118 a small set of system specific directories will also be searched. Note that
119 libraries specified with the B<-l> option that occur I<before> any B<-L> options
120 will not search the paths given by the B<-L> options following it.
122 =item B<-link-as-library>
124 Link the bitcode files together as a library, not an executable. In this mode,
125 undefined symbols will be permitted.
129 An alias for -link-as-library.
133 Generate a native machine code executable.
135 When generating native executables, B<llvm-ld> first checks for a bitcode
136 version of the library and links it in, if necessary. If the library is
137 missing, B<llvm-ld> skips it. Then, B<llvm-ld> links in the same
138 libraries as native code.
140 In this way, B<llvm-ld> should be able to link in optimized bitcode
141 subsets of common libraries and then link in any part of the library that
142 hasn't been converted to bitcode.
146 Generate a native machine code executable with the LLVM C backend.
148 This option is identical to the B<-native> option, but uses the
149 C backend to generate code for the program instead of an LLVM native
154 =head2 Optimization Options
158 =item B<-disable-inlining>
160 Do not run the inlining pass. Functions will not be inlined into other
163 =item B<-disable-opt>
165 Completely disable optimization.
167 =item B<-disable-internalize>
169 Do not mark all symbols as internal.
171 =item B<-verify-each>
173 Run the verification pass after each of the passes to verify intermediate
178 Strip all debug and symbol information from the executable to make it smaller.
180 =item B<-strip-debug>
182 Strip all debug information from the executable to make it smaller.
186 An alias for B<-strip-all>.
190 An alias for B<-strip-debug>.
192 =item B<-export-dynamic>
194 An alias for B<-disable-internalize>
196 =item B<-post-link-opt>F<Path>
198 Run post-link optimization program. After linking is completed a bitcode file
199 will be generated. It will be passed to the program specified by F<Path> as the
200 first argument. The second argument to the program will be the name of a
201 temporary file into which the program should place its optimized output. For
202 example, the "no-op optimization" would be a simple shell script:
211 If B<llvm-ld> succeeds, it will exit with 0 return code. If an error occurs,
212 it will exit with a non-zero return code.
216 The C<LLVM_LIB_SEARCH_PATH> environment variable is used to find bitcode
217 libraries. Any paths specified in this variable will be searched after the C<-L>
222 L<llvm-link|llvm-link>
226 Maintained by the LLVM Team (L<http://llvm.org>).