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5 <title>LLVM Testing Infrastructure Guide
</title>
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10 <div class=
"doc_title">
11 LLVM Testing Infrastructure Guide
15 <li><a href=
"#overview">Overview
</a></li>
16 <li><a href=
"#requirements">Requirements
</a></li>
17 <li><a href=
"#org">LLVM testing infrastructure organization
</a>
19 <li><a href=
"#regressiontests">Regression tests
</a></li>
20 <li><a href=
"#testsuite">Test suite
</a></li>
21 <li><a href=
"#debuginfotests">Debugging Information tests
</a></li>
24 <li><a href=
"#quick">Quick start
</a>
26 <li><a href=
"#quickregressiontests">Regression tests
</a></li>
27 <li><a href=
"#quicktestsuite">Test suite
</a></li>
28 <li><a href=
"#quickdebuginfotests">Debugging Information tests
</a></li>
31 <li><a href=
"#rtstructure">Regression test structure
</a>
33 <li><a href=
"#rtcustom">Writing new regression tests
</a></li>
34 <li><a href=
"#FileCheck">The FileCheck utility
</a></li>
35 <li><a href=
"#rtvars">Variables and substitutions
</a></li>
36 <li><a href=
"#rtfeatures">Other features
</a></li>
39 <li><a href=
"#testsuitestructure">Test suite structure
</a></li>
40 <li><a href=
"#testsuiterun">Running the test suite
</a>
42 <li><a href=
"#testsuiteexternal">Configuring External Tests
</a></li>
43 <li><a href=
"#testsuitetests">Running different tests
</a></li>
44 <li><a href=
"#testsuiteoutput">Generating test output
</a></li>
45 <li><a href=
"#testsuitecustom">Writing custom tests for test-suite
</a></li>
50 <div class=
"doc_author">
51 <p>Written by John T. Criswell, Daniel Dunbar, Reid Spencer, and Tanya Lattner
</p>
54 <!--=========================================================================-->
55 <div class=
"doc_section"><a name=
"overview">Overview
</a></div>
56 <!--=========================================================================-->
58 <div class=
"doc_text">
60 <p>This document is the reference manual for the LLVM testing infrastructure. It
61 documents the structure of the LLVM testing infrastructure, the tools needed to
62 use it, and how to add and run tests.
</p>
66 <!--=========================================================================-->
67 <div class=
"doc_section"><a name=
"requirements">Requirements
</a></div>
68 <!--=========================================================================-->
70 <div class=
"doc_text">
72 <p>In order to use the LLVM testing infrastructure, you will need all of the
73 software required to build LLVM, as well
74 as
<a href=
"http://python.org">Python
</a> 2.4 or later.
</p>
78 <!--=========================================================================-->
79 <div class=
"doc_section"><a name=
"org">LLVM testing infrastructure organization
</a></div>
80 <!--=========================================================================-->
82 <div class=
"doc_text">
84 <p>The LLVM testing infrastructure contains two major categories of tests:
85 regression tests and whole programs. The regression tests are contained inside
86 the LLVM repository itself under
<tt>llvm/test
</tt> and are expected to always
87 pass -- they should be run before every commit. The whole programs tests are
88 referred to as the
"LLVM test suite" and are in the
<tt>test-suite
</tt> module
94 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
95 <div class=
"doc_subsection"><a name=
"regressiontests">Regression tests
</a></div>
96 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
98 <div class=
"doc_text">
100 <p>The regression tests are small pieces of code that test a specific feature of
101 LLVM or trigger a specific bug in LLVM. They are usually written in LLVM
102 assembly language, but can be written in other languages if the test targets a
103 particular language front end (and the appropriate
<tt>--with-llvmgcc
</tt>
104 options were used at
<tt>configure
</tt> time of the
<tt>llvm
</tt> module). These
105 tests are driven by the 'lit' testing tool, which is part of LLVM.
</p>
107 <p>These code fragments are not complete programs. The code generated
108 from them is never executed to determine correct behavior.
</p>
110 <p>These code fragment tests are located in the
<tt>llvm/test
</tt>
113 <p>Typically when a bug is found in LLVM, a regression test containing
114 just enough code to reproduce the problem should be written and placed
115 somewhere underneath this directory. In most cases, this will be a small
116 piece of LLVM assembly language code, often distilled from an actual
117 application or benchmark.
</p>
121 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
122 <div class=
"doc_subsection"><a name=
"testsuite">Test suite
</a></div>
123 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
125 <div class=
"doc_text">
127 <p>The test suite contains whole programs, which are pieces of
128 code which can be compiled and linked into a stand-alone program that can be
129 executed. These programs are generally written in high level languages such as
130 C or C++, but sometimes they are written straight in LLVM assembly.
</p>
132 <p>These programs are compiled and then executed using several different
133 methods (native compiler, LLVM C backend, LLVM JIT, LLVM native code generation,
134 etc). The output of these programs is compared to ensure that LLVM is compiling
135 the program correctly.
</p>
137 <p>In addition to compiling and executing programs, whole program tests serve as
138 a way of benchmarking LLVM performance, both in terms of the efficiency of the
139 programs generated as well as the speed with which LLVM compiles, optimizes, and
142 <p>The test-suite is located in the
<tt>test-suite
</tt> Subversion module.
</p>
146 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
147 <div class=
"doc_subsection"><a name=
"debuginfotests">Debugging Information
149 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
151 <div class=
"doc_text">
153 <p>The test suite contains tests to check quality of debugging information.
154 The test are written in C based languages or in LLVM assembly language.
</p>
156 <p>These tests are compiled and run under a debugger. The debugger output
157 is checked to validate of debugging information. See README.txt in the
158 test suite for more information . This test suite is located in the
159 <tt>debuginfo-tests
</tt> Subversion module.
</p>
163 <!--=========================================================================-->
164 <div class=
"doc_section"><a name=
"quick">Quick start
</a></div>
165 <!--=========================================================================-->
167 <div class=
"doc_text">
169 <p>The tests are located in two separate Subversion modules. The regressions
170 tests are in the main
"llvm" module under the directory
171 <tt>llvm/test
</tt> (so you get these tests for free with the main llvm tree).
172 The more comprehensive test suite that includes whole
173 programs in C and C++ is in the
<tt>test-suite
</tt> module. This module should
174 be checked out to the
<tt>llvm/projects
</tt> directory (don't use another name
175 than the default
"test-suite", for then the test suite will be run every time
176 you run
<tt>make
</tt> in the main
<tt>llvm
</tt> directory).
177 When you
<tt>configure
</tt> the
<tt>llvm
</tt> module,
178 the
<tt>test-suite
</tt> directory will be automatically configured.
179 Alternatively, you can configure the
<tt>test-suite
</tt> module manually.
</p>
181 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
182 <div class=
"doc_subsection"><a name=
"quickregressiontests">Regression tests
</a></div>
183 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
184 <p>To run all of the LLVM regression tests, use master Makefile in
185 the
<tt>llvm/test
</tt> directory:
</p>
187 <div class=
"doc_code">
195 <div class=
"doc_code">
201 <p>If you have
<a href=
"http://clang.llvm.org">Clang
</a> checked out and built,
202 you can run the LLVM and Clang tests simultaneously using:
</p>
206 <div class=
"doc_code">
212 <p>To run the tests with Valgrind (Memcheck by default), just append
213 <tt>VG=
1</tt> to the commands above, e.g.:
</p>
215 <div class=
"doc_code">
221 <p>To run individual tests or subsets of tests, you can use the 'llvm-lit'
222 script which is built as part of LLVM. For example, to run the
223 'Integer/BitCast.ll' test by itself you can run:
</p>
225 <div class=
"doc_code">
227 % llvm-lit ~/llvm/test/Integer/BitCast.ll
231 <p>or to run all of the ARM CodeGen tests:
</p>
233 <div class=
"doc_code">
235 % llvm-lit ~/llvm/test/CodeGen/ARM
239 <p>For more information on using the 'lit' tool, see 'llvm-lit --help' or the
242 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
243 <div class=
"doc_subsection"><a name=
"quicktestsuite">Test suite
</a></div>
244 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
246 <p>To run the comprehensive test suite (tests that compile and execute whole
247 programs), first checkout and setup the
<tt>test-suite
</tt> module:
</p>
249 <div class=
"doc_code">
252 % svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/test-suite/trunk test-suite
254 % ./configure --with-llvmgccdir=$LLVM_GCC_DIR
258 <p>where
<tt>$LLVM_GCC_DIR
</tt> is the directory where
259 you
<em>installed
</em> llvm-gcc, not its src or obj
260 dir. The
<tt>--with-llvmgccdir
</tt> option assumes that
261 the
<tt>llvm-gcc-
4.2</tt> module was configured with
262 <tt>--program-prefix=llvm-
</tt>, and therefore that the C and C++
263 compiler drivers are called
<tt>llvm-gcc
</tt> and
<tt>llvm-g++
</tt>
264 respectively. If this is not the case,
265 use
<tt>--with-llvmgcc
</tt>/
<tt>--with-llvmgxx
</tt> to specify each
266 executable's location.
</p>
268 <p>Then, run the entire test suite by running make in the
<tt>test-suite
</tt>
271 <div class=
"doc_code">
273 % cd projects/test-suite
278 <p>Usually, running the
"nightly" set of tests is a good idea, and you can also
279 let it generate a report by running:
</p>
281 <div class=
"doc_code">
283 % cd projects/test-suite
284 % gmake TEST=nightly report report.html
288 <p>Any of the above commands can also be run in a subdirectory of
289 <tt>projects/test-suite
</tt> to run the specified test only on the programs in
290 that subdirectory.
</p>
294 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
295 <div class=
"doc_subsection"><a name=
"quickdebuginfotests">Debugging Information
297 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
299 <p> To run debugging information tests simply checkout the tests inside
300 clang/test directory.
</p>
302 <div class=
"doc_code">
305 % svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/debuginfo-tests/trunk debuginfo-tests
309 <p> These tests are already set up to run as part of clang regression tests.
</p>
313 <!--=========================================================================-->
314 <div class=
"doc_section"><a name=
"rtstructure">Regression test structure
</a></div>
315 <!--=========================================================================-->
316 <div class=
"doc_text">
317 <p>The LLVM regression tests are driven by 'lit' and are located in
318 the
<tt>llvm/test
</tt> directory.
320 <p>This directory contains a large array of small tests
321 that exercise various features of LLVM and to ensure that regressions do not
322 occur. The directory is broken into several sub-directories, each focused on
323 a particular area of LLVM. A few of the important ones are:
</p>
326 <li><tt>Analysis
</tt>: checks Analysis passes.
</li>
327 <li><tt>Archive
</tt>: checks the Archive library.
</li>
328 <li><tt>Assembler
</tt>: checks Assembly reader/writer functionality.
</li>
329 <li><tt>Bitcode
</tt>: checks Bitcode reader/writer functionality.
</li>
330 <li><tt>CodeGen
</tt>: checks code generation and each target.
</li>
331 <li><tt>Features
</tt>: checks various features of the LLVM language.
</li>
332 <li><tt>Linker
</tt>: tests bitcode linking.
</li>
333 <li><tt>Transforms
</tt>: tests each of the scalar, IPO, and utility
334 transforms to ensure they make the right transformations.
</li>
335 <li><tt>Verifier
</tt>: tests the IR verifier.
</li>
340 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
341 <div class=
"doc_subsection"><a name=
"rtcustom">Writing new regression tests
</a></div>
342 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
343 <div class=
"doc_text">
344 <p>The regression test structure is very simple, but does require some
345 information to be set. This information is gathered via
<tt>configure
</tt> and
346 is written to a file,
<tt>lit.site.cfg
</tt>
347 in
<tt>llvm/test
</tt>. The
<tt>llvm/test
</tt> Makefile does this work for
350 <p>In order for the regression tests to work, each directory of tests must
351 have a
<tt>dg.exp
</tt> file. Lit looks for this file to determine how to
352 run the tests. This file is just a Tcl script and it can do anything you want,
353 but we've standardized it for the LLVM regression tests. If you're adding a
354 directory of tests, just copy
<tt>dg.exp
</tt> from another directory to get
355 running. The standard
<tt>dg.exp
</tt> simply loads a Tcl library
356 (
<tt>test/lib/llvm.exp
</tt>) and calls the
<tt>llvm_runtests
</tt> function
357 defined in that library with a list of file names to run. The names are
358 obtained by using Tcl's glob command. Any directory that contains only
359 directories does not need the
<tt>dg.exp
</tt> file.
</p>
361 <p>The
<tt>llvm-runtests
</tt> function lookas at each file that is passed to
362 it and gathers any lines together that match
"RUN:". This are the
"RUN" lines
363 that specify how the test is to be run. So, each test script must contain
364 RUN lines if it is to do anything. If there are no RUN lines, the
365 <tt>llvm-runtests
</tt> function will issue an error and the test will
368 <p>RUN lines are specified in the comments of the test program using the
369 keyword
<tt>RUN
</tt> followed by a colon, and lastly the command (pipeline)
370 to execute. Together, these lines form the
"script" that
371 <tt>llvm-runtests
</tt> executes to run the test case. The syntax of the
372 RUN lines is similar to a shell's syntax for pipelines including I/O
373 redirection and variable substitution. However, even though these lines
374 may
<i>look
</i> like a shell script, they are not. RUN lines are interpreted
375 directly by the Tcl
<tt>exec
</tt> command. They are never executed by a
376 shell. Consequently the syntax differs from normal shell script syntax in a
377 few ways. You can specify as many RUN lines as needed.
</p>
379 <p>lit performs substitution on each RUN line to replace LLVM tool
380 names with the full paths to the executable built for each tool (in
381 $(LLVM_OBJ_ROOT)/$(BuildMode)/bin). This ensures that lit does not
382 invoke any stray LLVM tools in the user's path during testing.
</p>
384 <p>Each RUN line is executed on its own, distinct from other lines unless
385 its last character is
<tt>\
</tt>. This continuation character causes the RUN
386 line to be concatenated with the next one. In this way you can build up long
387 pipelines of commands without making huge line lengths. The lines ending in
388 <tt>\
</tt> are concatenated until a RUN line that doesn't end in
<tt>\
</tt> is
389 found. This concatenated set of RUN lines then constitutes one execution.
390 Tcl will substitute variables and arrange for the pipeline to be executed. If
391 any process in the pipeline fails, the entire line (and test case) fails too.
394 <p> Below is an example of legal RUN lines in a
<tt>.ll
</tt> file:
</p>
396 <div class=
"doc_code">
398 ; RUN: llvm-as
< %s | llvm-dis
> %t1
399 ; RUN: llvm-dis
< %s.bc-
13 > %t2
404 <p>As with a Unix shell, the RUN: lines permit pipelines and I/O redirection
405 to be used. However, the usage is slightly different than for Bash. To check
406 what's legal, see the documentation for the
407 <a href=
"http://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.5/TclCmd/exec.htm#M2">Tcl exec
</a>
409 <a href=
"http://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.5/tutorial/Tcl26.html">tutorial
</a>.
410 The major differences are:
</p>
412 <li>You can't do
<tt>2>&1</tt>. That will cause Tcl to write to a
413 file named
<tt>&1</tt>. Usually this is done to get stderr to go through
414 a pipe. You can do that in tcl with
<tt>|
&</tt> so replace this idiom:
415 <tt>...
2>&1 | grep
</tt> with
<tt>... |
& grep
</tt></li>
416 <li>You can only redirect to a file, not to another descriptor and not from
417 a here document.
</li>
418 <li>tcl supports redirecting to open files with the @ syntax but you
419 shouldn't use that here.
</li>
422 <p>There are some quoting rules that you must pay attention to when writing
423 your RUN lines. In general nothing needs to be quoted. Tcl won't strip off any
424 quote characters so they will get passed to the invoked program. For
427 <div class=
"doc_code">
429 ... | grep 'find this string'
433 <p>This will fail because the ' characters are passed to grep. This would
434 instruction grep to look for
<tt>'find
</tt> in the files
<tt>this
</tt> and
435 <tt>string'
</tt>. To avoid this use curly braces to tell Tcl that it should
436 treat everything enclosed as one value. So our example would become:
</p>
438 <div class=
"doc_code">
440 ... | grep {find this string}
444 <p>Additionally, the characters
<tt>[
</tt> and
<tt>]
</tt> are treated
445 specially by Tcl. They tell Tcl to interpret the content as a command to
446 execute. Since these characters are often used in regular expressions this can
447 have disastrous results and cause the entire test run in a directory to fail.
448 For example, a common idiom is to look for some basicblock number:
</p>
450 <div class=
"doc_code">
456 <p>This, however, will cause Tcl to fail because its going to try to execute
457 a program named
"2-8". Instead, what you want is this:
</p>
459 <div class=
"doc_code">
461 ... | grep {bb\[
2-
8\]}
465 <p>Finally, if you need to pass the
<tt>\
</tt> character down to a program,
466 then it must be doubled. This is another Tcl special character. So, suppose
469 <div class=
"doc_code">
475 <p>This will fail to match what you want (a pointer to i32). First, the
476 <tt>'
</tt> do not get stripped off. Second, the
<tt>\
</tt> gets stripped off
477 by Tcl so what grep sees is:
<tt>'i32*'
</tt>. That's not likely to match
478 anything. To resolve this you must use
<tt>\\
</tt> and the
<tt>{}
</tt>, like
481 <div class=
"doc_code">
487 <p>If your system includes GNU
<tt>grep
</tt>, make sure
488 that
<tt>GREP_OPTIONS
</tt> is not set in your environment. Otherwise,
489 you may get invalid results (both false positives and false
494 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
495 <div class=
"doc_subsection"><a name=
"FileCheck">The FileCheck utility
</a></div>
496 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
498 <div class=
"doc_text">
500 <p>A powerful feature of the RUN: lines is that it allows any arbitrary commands
501 to be executed as part of the test harness. While standard (portable) unix
502 tools like 'grep' work fine on run lines, as you see above, there are a lot
503 of caveats due to interaction with Tcl syntax, and we want to make sure the
504 run lines are portable to a wide range of systems. Another major problem is
505 that grep is not very good at checking to verify that the output of a tools
506 contains a series of different output in a specific order. The FileCheck
507 tool was designed to help with these problems.
</p>
509 <p>FileCheck (whose basic command line arguments are described in
<a
510 href=
"http://llvm.org/cmds/FileCheck.html">the FileCheck man page
</a> is
511 designed to read a file to check from standard input, and the set of things
512 to verify from a file specified as a command line argument. A simple example
513 of using FileCheck from a RUN line looks like this:
</p>
515 <div class=
"doc_code">
517 ; RUN: llvm-as
< %s | llc -march=x86-
64 |
<b>FileCheck %s
</b>
521 <p>This syntax says to pipe the current file (
"%s") into llvm-as, pipe that into
522 llc, then pipe the output of llc into FileCheck. This means that FileCheck will
523 be verifying its standard input (the llc output) against the filename argument
524 specified (the original .ll file specified by
"%s"). To see how this works,
525 lets look at the rest of the .ll file (after the RUN line):
</p>
527 <div class=
"doc_code">
529 define void @sub1(i32* %p, i32 %v) {
531 ;
<b>CHECK: sub1:
</b>
533 %
0 = tail call i32 @llvm.atomic.load.sub.i32.p0i32(i32* %p, i32 %v)
537 define void @inc4(i64* %p) {
539 ;
<b>CHECK: inc4:
</b>
541 %
0 = tail call i64 @llvm.atomic.load.add.i64.p0i64(i64* %p, i64
1)
547 <p>Here you can see some
"CHECK:" lines specified in comments. Now you can see
548 how the file is piped into llvm-as, then llc, and the machine code output is
549 what we are verifying. FileCheck checks the machine code output to verify that
550 it matches what the
"CHECK:" lines specify.
</p>
552 <p>The syntax of the CHECK: lines is very simple: they are fixed strings that
553 must occur in order. FileCheck defaults to ignoring horizontal whitespace
554 differences (e.g. a space is allowed to match a tab) but otherwise, the contents
555 of the CHECK: line is required to match some thing in the test file exactly.
</p>
557 <p>One nice thing about FileCheck (compared to grep) is that it allows merging
558 test cases together into logical groups. For example, because the test above
559 is checking for the
"sub1:" and
"inc4:" labels, it will not match unless there
560 is a
"subl" in between those labels. If it existed somewhere else in the file,
561 that would not count:
"grep subl" matches if subl exists anywhere in the
566 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
567 <div class=
"doc_subsubsection"><a
568 name=
"FileCheck-check-prefix">The FileCheck -check-prefix option
</a></div>
570 <div class=
"doc_text">
572 <p>The FileCheck -check-prefix option allows multiple test configurations to be
573 driven from one .ll file. This is useful in many circumstances, for example,
574 testing different architectural variants with llc. Here's a simple example:
</p>
576 <div class=
"doc_code">
578 ; RUN: llvm-as
< %s | llc -mtriple=i686-apple-darwin9 -mattr=sse41 \
579 ; RUN: |
<b>FileCheck %s -check-prefix=X32
</b>
580 ; RUN: llvm-as
< %s | llc -mtriple=x86_64-apple-darwin9 -mattr=sse41 \
581 ; RUN: |
<b>FileCheck %s -check-prefix=X64
</b>
583 define
<4 x i32
> @pinsrd_1(i32 %s,
<4 x i32
> %tmp) nounwind {
584 %tmp1 = insertelement
<4 x i32
> %tmp, i32 %s, i32
1
585 ret
<4 x i32
> %tmp1
586 ;
<b>X32:
</b> pinsrd_1:
587 ;
<b>X32:
</b> pinsrd $
1,
4(%esp), %xmm0
589 ;
<b>X64:
</b> pinsrd_1:
590 ;
<b>X64:
</b> pinsrd $
1, %edi, %xmm0
595 <p>In this case, we're testing that we get the expected code generation with
596 both
32-bit and
64-bit code generation.
</p>
600 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
601 <div class=
"doc_subsubsection"><a
602 name=
"FileCheck-CHECK-NEXT">The
"CHECK-NEXT:" directive
</a></div>
604 <div class=
"doc_text">
606 <p>Sometimes you want to match lines and would like to verify that matches
607 happen on exactly consecutive lines with no other lines in between them. In
608 this case, you can use CHECK: and CHECK-NEXT: directives to specify this. If
609 you specified a custom check prefix, just use
"<PREFIX>-NEXT:". For
610 example, something like this works as you'd expect:
</p>
612 <div class=
"doc_code">
614 define void @t2(
<2 x double
>* %r,
<2 x double
>* %A, double %B) {
615 %tmp3 = load
<2 x double
>* %A, align
16
616 %tmp7 = insertelement
<2 x double
> undef, double %B, i32
0
617 %tmp9 = shufflevector
<2 x double
> %tmp3,
618 <2 x double
> %tmp7,
619 <2 x i32
> < i32
0, i32
2 >
620 store
<2 x double
> %tmp9,
<2 x double
>* %r, align
16
624 ;
<b>CHECK:
</b> movl
8(%esp), %eax
625 ;
<b>CHECK-NEXT:
</b> movapd (%eax), %xmm0
626 ;
<b>CHECK-NEXT:
</b> movhpd
12(%esp), %xmm0
627 ;
<b>CHECK-NEXT:
</b> movl
4(%esp), %eax
628 ;
<b>CHECK-NEXT:
</b> movapd %xmm0, (%eax)
629 ;
<b>CHECK-NEXT:
</b> ret
634 <p>CHECK-NEXT: directives reject the input unless there is exactly one newline
635 between it an the previous directive. A CHECK-NEXT cannot be the first
636 directive in a file.
</p>
640 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
641 <div class=
"doc_subsubsection"><a
642 name=
"FileCheck-CHECK-NOT">The
"CHECK-NOT:" directive
</a></div>
644 <div class=
"doc_text">
646 <p>The CHECK-NOT: directive is used to verify that a string doesn't occur
647 between two matches (or the first match and the beginning of the file). For
648 example, to verify that a load is removed by a transformation, a test like this
651 <div class=
"doc_code">
653 define i8 @coerce_offset0(i32 %V, i32* %P) {
654 store i32 %V, i32* %P
656 %P2 = bitcast i32* %P to i8*
657 %P3 = getelementptr i8* %P2, i32
2
661 ;
<b>CHECK:
</b> @coerce_offset0
662 ;
<b>CHECK-NOT:
</b> load
663 ;
<b>CHECK:
</b> ret i8
670 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
671 <div class=
"doc_subsubsection"><a
672 name=
"FileCheck-Matching">FileCheck Pattern Matching Syntax
</a></div>
674 <div class=
"doc_text">
676 <p>The CHECK: and CHECK-NOT: directives both take a pattern to match. For most
677 uses of FileCheck, fixed string matching is perfectly sufficient. For some
678 things, a more flexible form of matching is desired. To support this, FileCheck
679 allows you to specify regular expressions in matching strings, surrounded by
680 double braces:
<b>{{yourregex}}
</b>. Because we want to use fixed string
681 matching for a majority of what we do, FileCheck has been designed to support
682 mixing and matching fixed string matching with regular expressions. This allows
683 you to write things like this:
</p>
685 <div class=
"doc_code">
687 ; CHECK: movhpd
<b>{{[
0-
9]+}}
</b>(%esp),
<b>{{%xmm[
0-
7]}}
</b>
691 <p>In this case, any offset from the ESP register will be allowed, and any xmm
692 register will be allowed.
</p>
694 <p>Because regular expressions are enclosed with double braces, they are
695 visually distinct, and you don't need to use escape characters within the double
696 braces like you would in C. In the rare case that you want to match double
697 braces explicitly from the input, you can use something ugly like
698 <b>{{[{][{]}}
</b> as your pattern.
</p>
702 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
703 <div class=
"doc_subsubsection"><a
704 name=
"FileCheck-Variables">FileCheck Variables
</a></div>
706 <div class=
"doc_text">
708 <p>It is often useful to match a pattern and then verify that it occurs again
709 later in the file. For codegen tests, this can be useful to allow any register,
710 but verify that that register is used consistently later. To do this, FileCheck
711 allows named variables to be defined and substituted into patterns. Here is a
714 <div class=
"doc_code">
717 ; CHECK: notw
<b>[[REGISTER:%[a-z]+]]
</b>
718 ; CHECK: andw {{.*}}
<b>[[REGISTER]]
</b>
722 <p>The first check line matches a regex (
<tt>%[a-z]+
</tt>) and captures it into
723 the variables
"REGISTER". The second line verifies that whatever is in REGISTER
724 occurs later in the file after an
"andw". FileCheck variable references are
725 always contained in
<tt>[[ ]]
</tt> pairs, are named, and their names can be
726 formed with the regex
"<tt>[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9]*</tt>". If a colon follows the
727 name, then it is a definition of the variable, if not, it is a use.
</p>
729 <p>FileCheck variables can be defined multiple times, and uses always get the
730 latest value. Note that variables are all read at the start of a
"CHECK" line
731 and are all defined at the end. This means that if you have something like
732 "<tt>CHECK: [[XYZ:.*]]x[[XYZ]]</tt>" that the check line will read the previous
733 value of the XYZ variable and define a new one after the match is performed. If
734 you need to do something like this you can probably take advantage of the fact
735 that FileCheck is not actually line-oriented when it matches, this allows you to
736 define two separate CHECK lines that match on the same line.
741 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
742 <div class=
"doc_subsection"><a name=
"rtvars">Variables and
743 substitutions
</a></div>
744 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
745 <div class=
"doc_text">
746 <p>With a RUN line there are a number of substitutions that are permitted. In
747 general, any Tcl variable that is available in the
<tt>substitute
</tt>
748 function (in
<tt>test/lib/llvm.exp
</tt>) can be substituted into a RUN line.
749 To make a substitution just write the variable's name preceded by a $.
750 Additionally, for compatibility reasons with previous versions of the test
751 library, certain names can be accessed with an alternate syntax: a % prefix.
752 These alternates are deprecated and may go away in a future version.
754 <p>Here are the available variable names. The alternate syntax is listed in
757 <dl style=
"margin-left: 25px">
758 <dt><b>$test
</b> (%s)
</dt>
759 <dd>The full path to the test case's source. This is suitable for passing
760 on the command line as the input to an llvm tool.
</dd>
762 <dt><b>$srcdir
</b></dt>
763 <dd>The source directory from where the
"<tt>make check</tt>" was run.
</dd>
765 <dt><b>objdir
</b></dt>
766 <dd>The object directory that corresponds to the
<tt>$srcdir
</tt>.
</dd>
768 <dt><b>subdir
</b></dt>
769 <dd>A partial path from the
<tt>test
</tt> directory that contains the
770 sub-directory that contains the test source being executed.
</dd>
772 <dt><b>srcroot
</b></dt>
773 <dd>The root directory of the LLVM src tree.
</dd>
775 <dt><b>objroot
</b></dt>
776 <dd>The root directory of the LLVM object tree. This could be the same
780 <dd>The path to the directory that contains the test case source. This is
781 for locating any supporting files that are not generated by the test, but
782 used by the test.
</dd>
785 <dd>The path to a temporary file name that could be used for this test case.
786 The file name won't conflict with other test cases. You can append to it if
787 you need multiple temporaries. This is useful as the destination of some
788 redirected output.
</dd>
790 <dt><b>llvmlibsdir
</b> (%llvmlibsdir)
</dt>
791 <dd>The directory where the LLVM libraries are located.
</dd>
793 <dt><b>target_triplet
</b> (%target_triplet)
</dt>
794 <dd>The target triplet that corresponds to the current host machine (the one
795 running the test cases). This should probably be called
"host".
<dd>
797 <dt><b>llvmgcc
</b> (%llvmgcc)
</dt>
798 <dd>The full path to the
<tt>llvm-gcc
</tt> executable as specified in the
799 configured LLVM environment
</dd>
801 <dt><b>llvmgxx
</b> (%llvmgxx)
</dt>
802 <dd>The full path to the
<tt>llvm-gxx
</tt> executable as specified in the
803 configured LLVM environment
</dd>
805 <dt><b>gccpath
</b></dt>
806 <dd>The full path to the C compiler used to
<i>build
</i> LLVM. Note that
807 this might not be gcc.
</dd>
809 <dt><b>gxxpath
</b></dt>
810 <dd>The full path to the C++ compiler used to
<i>build
</i> LLVM. Note that
811 this might not be g++.
</dd>
813 <dt><b>compile_c
</b> (%compile_c)
</dt>
814 <dd>The full command line used to compile LLVM C source code. This has all
815 the configured -I, -D and optimization options.
</dd>
817 <dt><b>compile_cxx
</b> (%compile_cxx)
</dt>
818 <dd>The full command used to compile LLVM C++ source code. This has
819 all the configured -I, -D and optimization options.
</dd>
821 <dt><b>link
</b> (%link)
</dt>
822 <dd>This full link command used to link LLVM executables. This has all the
823 configured -I, -L and -l options.
</dd>
825 <dt><b>shlibext
</b> (%shlibext)
</dt>
826 <dd>The suffix for the host platforms share library (dll) files. This
827 includes the period as the first character.
</dd>
829 <p>To add more variables, two things need to be changed. First, add a line in
830 the
<tt>test/Makefile
</tt> that creates the
<tt>site.exp
</tt> file. This will
831 "set" the variable as a global in the site.exp file. Second, in the
832 <tt>test/lib/llvm.exp
</tt> file, in the substitute proc, add the variable name
833 to the list of
"global" declarations at the beginning of the proc. That's it,
834 the variable can then be used in test scripts.
</p>
837 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
838 <div class=
"doc_subsection"><a name=
"rtfeatures">Other Features
</a></div>
839 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
840 <div class=
"doc_text">
841 <p>To make RUN line writing easier, there are several shell scripts located
842 in the
<tt>llvm/test/Scripts
</tt> directory. This directory is in the PATH
843 when running tests, so you can just call these scripts using their name. For
846 <dt><b>ignore
</b></dt>
847 <dd>This script runs its arguments and then always returns
0. This is useful
848 in cases where the test needs to cause a tool to generate an error (e.g. to
849 check the error output). However, any program in a pipeline that returns a
850 non-zero result will cause the test to fail. This script overcomes that
851 issue and nicely documents that the test case is purposefully ignoring the
852 result code of the tool
</dd>
855 <dd>This script runs its arguments and then inverts the result code from
856 it. Zero result codes become
1. Non-zero result codes become
0. This is
857 useful to invert the result of a grep. For example
"not grep X" means
858 succeed only if you don't find X in the input.
</dd>
861 <p>Sometimes it is necessary to mark a test case as
"expected fail" or XFAIL.
862 You can easily mark a test as XFAIL just by including
<tt>XFAIL:
</tt> on a
863 line near the top of the file. This signals that the test case should succeed
864 if the test fails. Such test cases are counted separately by the testing tool. To
865 specify an expected fail, use the XFAIL keyword in the comments of the test
866 program followed by a colon and one or more regular expressions (separated by
867 a comma). The regular expressions allow you to XFAIL the test conditionally by
868 host platform. The regular expressions following the : are matched against the
869 target triplet for the host machine. If there is a match, the test is expected
870 to fail. If not, the test is expected to succeed. To XFAIL everywhere just
871 specify
<tt>XFAIL: *
</tt>. Here is an example of an
<tt>XFAIL
</tt> line:
</p>
873 <div class=
"doc_code">
879 <p>To make the output more useful, the
<tt>llvm_runtest
</tt> function wil
880 scan the lines of the test case for ones that contain a pattern that matches
881 PR[
0-
9]+. This is the syntax for specifying a PR (Problem Report) number that
882 is related to the test case. The number after
"PR" specifies the LLVM bugzilla
883 number. When a PR number is specified, it will be used in the pass/fail
884 reporting. This is useful to quickly get some context when a test fails.
</p>
886 <p>Finally, any line that contains
"END." will cause the special
887 interpretation of lines to terminate. This is generally done right after the
888 last RUN: line. This has two side effects: (a) it prevents special
889 interpretation of lines that are part of the test program, not the
890 instructions to the test case, and (b) it speeds things up for really big test
891 cases by avoiding interpretation of the remainder of the file.
</p>
895 <!--=========================================================================-->
896 <div class=
"doc_section"><a name=
"testsuitestructure">Test suite
898 <!--=========================================================================-->
900 <div class=
"doc_text">
902 <p>The
<tt>test-suite
</tt> module contains a number of programs that can be compiled
903 with LLVM and executed. These programs are compiled using the native compiler
904 and various LLVM backends. The output from the program compiled with the
905 native compiler is assumed correct; the results from the other programs are
906 compared to the native program output and pass if they match.
</p>
908 <p>When executing tests, it is usually a good idea to start out with a subset of
909 the available tests or programs. This makes test run times smaller at first and
910 later on this is useful to investigate individual test failures. To run some
911 test only on a subset of programs, simply change directory to the programs you
912 want tested and run
<tt>gmake
</tt> there. Alternatively, you can run a different
913 test using the
<tt>TEST
</tt> variable to change what tests or run on the
914 selected programs (see below for more info).
</p>
916 <p>In addition for testing correctness, the
<tt>test-suite
</tt> directory also
917 performs timing tests of various LLVM optimizations. It also records
918 compilation times for the compilers and the JIT. This information can be
919 used to compare the effectiveness of LLVM's optimizations and code
922 <p><tt>test-suite
</tt> tests are divided into three types of tests: MultiSource,
923 SingleSource, and External.
</p>
926 <li><tt>test-suite/SingleSource
</tt>
927 <p>The SingleSource directory contains test programs that are only a single
928 source file in size. These are usually small benchmark programs or small
929 programs that calculate a particular value. Several such programs are grouped
930 together in each directory.
</p></li>
932 <li><tt>test-suite/MultiSource
</tt>
933 <p>The MultiSource directory contains subdirectories which contain entire
934 programs with multiple source files. Large benchmarks and whole applications
937 <li><tt>test-suite/External
</tt>
938 <p>The External directory contains Makefiles for building code that is external
939 to (i.e., not distributed with) LLVM. The most prominent members of this
940 directory are the SPEC
95 and SPEC
2000 benchmark suites. The
<tt>External
</tt>
941 directory does not contain these actual tests, but only the Makefiles that know
942 how to properly compile these programs from somewhere else. The presence and
943 location of these external programs is configured by the test-suite
944 <tt>configure
</tt> script.
</p></li>
947 <p>Each tree is then subdivided into several categories, including applications,
948 benchmarks, regression tests, code that is strange grammatically, etc. These
949 organizations should be relatively self explanatory.
</p>
951 <p>Some tests are known to fail. Some are bugs that we have not fixed yet;
952 others are features that we haven't added yet (or may never add). In the
953 regression tests, the result for such tests will be XFAIL (eXpected FAILure).
954 In this way, you can tell the difference between an expected and unexpected
957 <p>The tests in the test suite have no such feature at this time. If the
958 test passes, only warnings and other miscellaneous output will be generated. If
959 a test fails, a large
<program
> FAILED message will be displayed. This
960 will help you separate benign warnings from actual test failures.
</p>
964 <!--=========================================================================-->
965 <div class=
"doc_section"><a name=
"testsuiterun">Running the test suite
</a></div>
966 <!--=========================================================================-->
968 <div class=
"doc_text">
970 <p>First, all tests are executed within the LLVM object directory tree. They
971 <i>are not
</i> executed inside of the LLVM source tree. This is because the
972 test suite creates temporary files during execution.
</p>
974 <p>To run the test suite, you need to use the following steps:
</p>
977 <li><tt>cd
</tt> into the
<tt>llvm/projects
</tt> directory in your source tree.
980 <li><p>Check out the
<tt>test-suite
</tt> module with:
</p>
982 <div class=
"doc_code">
984 % svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/test-suite/trunk test-suite
987 <p>This will get the test suite into
<tt>llvm/projects/test-suite
</tt>.
</p>
989 <li><p>Configure and build
<tt>llvm
</tt>.
</p></li>
990 <li><p>Configure and build
<tt>llvm-gcc
</tt>.
</p></li>
991 <li><p>Install
<tt>llvm-gcc
</tt> somewhere.
</p></li>
992 <li><p><em>Re-configure
</em> <tt>llvm
</tt> from the top level of
993 each build tree (LLVM object directory tree) in which you want
994 to run the test suite, just as you do before building LLVM.
</p>
995 <p>During the
<em>re-configuration
</em>, you must either: (
1)
996 have
<tt>llvm-gcc
</tt> you just built in your path, or (
2)
997 specify the directory where your just-built
<tt>llvm-gcc
</tt> is
998 installed using
<tt>--with-llvmgccdir=$LLVM_GCC_DIR
</tt>.
</p>
999 <p>You must also tell the configure machinery that the test suite
1000 is available so it can be configured for your build tree:
</p>
1001 <div class=
"doc_code">
1003 % cd $LLVM_OBJ_ROOT ; $LLVM_SRC_ROOT/configure [--with-llvmgccdir=$LLVM_GCC_DIR]
1006 <p>[Remember that
<tt>$LLVM_GCC_DIR
</tt> is the directory where you
1007 <em>installed
</em> llvm-gcc, not its src or obj directory.]
</p>
1010 <li><p>You can now run the test suite from your build tree as follows:
</p>
1011 <div class=
"doc_code">
1013 % cd $LLVM_OBJ_ROOT/projects/test-suite
1019 <p>Note that the second and third steps only need to be done once. After you
1020 have the suite checked out and configured, you don't need to do it again (unless
1021 the test code or configure script changes).
</p>
1025 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
1026 <div class=
"doc_subsection">
1027 <a name=
"testsuiteexternal">Configuring External Tests
</a></div>
1028 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
1030 <div class=
"doc_text">
1031 <p>In order to run the External tests in the
<tt>test-suite
</tt>
1032 module, you must specify
<i>--with-externals
</i>. This
1033 must be done during the
<em>re-configuration
</em> step (see above),
1034 and the
<tt>llvm
</tt> re-configuration must recognize the
1035 previously-built
<tt>llvm-gcc
</tt>. If any of these is missing or
1036 neglected, the External tests won't work.
</p>
1038 <dt><i>--with-externals
</i></dt>
1039 <dt><i>--with-externals=
<<tt>directory
</tt>></i></dt>
1041 This tells LLVM where to find any external tests. They are expected to be
1042 in specifically named subdirectories of
<<tt>directory
</tt>>.
1043 If
<tt>directory
</tt> is left unspecified,
1044 <tt>configure
</tt> uses the default value
1045 <tt>/home/vadve/shared/benchmarks/speccpu2000/benchspec
</tt>.
1046 Subdirectory names known to LLVM include:
1049 <dt>speccpu2000
</dt>
1050 <dt>speccpu2006
</dt>
1053 Others are added from time to time, and can be determined from
1057 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
1058 <div class=
"doc_subsection">
1059 <a name=
"testsuitetests">Running different tests
</a></div>
1060 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
1061 <div class=
"doc_text">
1062 <p>In addition to the regular
"whole program" tests, the
<tt>test-suite
</tt>
1063 module also provides a mechanism for compiling the programs in different ways.
1064 If the variable TEST is defined on the
<tt>gmake
</tt> command line, the test system will
1065 include a Makefile named
<tt>TEST.
<value of TEST variable
>.Makefile
</tt>.
1066 This Makefile can modify build rules to yield different results.
</p>
1068 <p>For example, the LLVM nightly tester uses
<tt>TEST.nightly.Makefile
</tt> to
1069 create the nightly test reports. To run the nightly tests, run
<tt>gmake
1070 TEST=nightly
</tt>.
</p>
1072 <p>There are several TEST Makefiles available in the tree. Some of them are
1073 designed for internal LLVM research and will not work outside of the LLVM
1074 research group. They may still be valuable, however, as a guide to writing your
1075 own TEST Makefile for any optimization or analysis passes that you develop with
1080 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
1081 <div class=
"doc_subsection">
1082 <a name=
"testsuiteoutput">Generating test output
</a></div>
1083 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
1084 <div class=
"doc_text">
1085 <p>There are a number of ways to run the tests and generate output. The most
1086 simple one is simply running
<tt>gmake
</tt> with no arguments. This will
1087 compile and run all programs in the tree using a number of different methods
1088 and compare results. Any failures are reported in the output, but are likely
1089 drowned in the other output. Passes are not reported explicitely.
</p>
1091 <p>Somewhat better is running
<tt>gmake TEST=sometest test
</tt>, which runs
1092 the specified test and usually adds per-program summaries to the output
1093 (depending on which sometest you use). For example, the
<tt>nightly
</tt> test
1094 explicitely outputs TEST-PASS or TEST-FAIL for every test after each program.
1095 Though these lines are still drowned in the output, it's easy to grep the
1096 output logs in the Output directories.
</p>
1098 <p>Even better are the
<tt>report
</tt> and
<tt>report.format
</tt> targets
1099 (where
<tt>format
</tt> is one of
<tt>html
</tt>,
<tt>csv
</tt>,
<tt>text
</tt> or
1100 <tt>graphs
</tt>). The exact contents of the report are dependent on which
1101 <tt>TEST
</tt> you are running, but the text results are always shown at the
1102 end of the run and the results are always stored in the
1103 <tt>report.
<type
>.format
</tt> file (when running with
1104 <tt>TEST=
<type
></tt>).
1106 The
<tt>report
</tt> also generate a file called
1107 <tt>report.
<type
>.raw.out
</tt> containing the output of the entire test
1111 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
1112 <div class=
"doc_subsection">
1113 <a name=
"testsuitecustom">Writing custom tests for the test suite
</a></div>
1114 <!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
1116 <div class=
"doc_text">
1118 <p>Assuming you can run the test suite, (e.g.
"<tt>gmake TEST=nightly report</tt>"
1119 should work), it is really easy to run optimizations or code generator
1120 components against every program in the tree, collecting statistics or running
1121 custom checks for correctness. At base, this is how the nightly tester works,
1122 it's just one example of a general framework.
</p>
1124 <p>Lets say that you have an LLVM optimization pass, and you want to see how
1125 many times it triggers. First thing you should do is add an LLVM
1126 <a href=
"ProgrammersManual.html#Statistic">statistic
</a> to your pass, which
1127 will tally counts of things you care about.
</p>
1129 <p>Following this, you can set up a test and a report that collects these and
1130 formats them for easy viewing. This consists of two files, a
1131 "<tt>test-suite/TEST.XXX.Makefile</tt>" fragment (where XXX is the name of your
1132 test) and a
"<tt>test-suite/TEST.XXX.report</tt>" file that indicates how to
1133 format the output into a table. There are many example reports of various
1134 levels of sophistication included with the test suite, and the framework is very
1137 <p>If you are interested in testing an optimization pass, check out the
1138 "libcalls" test as an example. It can be run like this:
<p>
1140 <div class=
"doc_code">
1142 % cd llvm/projects/test-suite/MultiSource/Benchmarks # or some other level
1143 % make TEST=libcalls report
1147 <p>This will do a bunch of stuff, then eventually print a table like this:
</p>
1149 <div class=
"doc_code">
1151 Name | total | #exit |
1153 FreeBench/analyzer/analyzer |
51 |
6 |
1154 FreeBench/fourinarow/fourinarow |
1 |
1 |
1155 FreeBench/neural/neural |
19 |
9 |
1156 FreeBench/pifft/pifft |
5 |
3 |
1157 MallocBench/cfrac/cfrac |
1 | * |
1158 MallocBench/espresso/espresso |
52 |
12 |
1159 MallocBench/gs/gs |
4 | * |
1160 Prolangs-C/TimberWolfMC/timberwolfmc |
302 | * |
1161 Prolangs-C/agrep/agrep |
33 |
12 |
1162 Prolangs-C/allroots/allroots | * | * |
1163 Prolangs-C/assembler/assembler |
47 | * |
1164 Prolangs-C/bison/mybison |
74 | * |
1169 <p>This basically is grepping the -stats output and displaying it in a table.
1170 You can also use the
"TEST=libcalls report.html" target to get the table in HTML
1171 form, similarly for report.csv and report.tex.
</p>
1173 <p>The source for this is in test-suite/TEST.libcalls.*. The format is pretty
1174 simple: the Makefile indicates how to run the test (in this case,
1175 "<tt>opt -simplify-libcalls -stats</tt>"), and the report contains one line for
1176 each column of the output. The first value is the header for the column and the
1177 second is the regex to grep the output of the command for. There are lots of
1178 example reports that can do fancy stuff.
</p>
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