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30 // Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
32 // The Google C++ Testing Framework (Google Test)
34 // This header file defines the Message class.
36 // IMPORTANT NOTE: Due to limitation of the C++ language, we have to
37 // leave some internal implementation details in this header file.
38 // They are clearly marked by comments like this:
40 // // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
42 // Such code is NOT meant to be used by a user directly, and is subject
43 // to CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. Therefore DO NOT DEPEND ON IT in a user
46 #ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MESSAGE_H_
47 #define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MESSAGE_H_
51 #include <gtest/internal/gtest-string.h>
52 #include <gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h>
56 // The Message class works like an ostream repeater.
60 // 1. You stream a bunch of values to a Message object.
61 // It will remember the text in a StrStream.
62 // 2. Then you stream the Message object to an ostream.
63 // This causes the text in the Message to be streamed
68 // testing::Message foo;
69 // foo << 1 << " != " << 2;
72 // will print "1 != 2".
74 // Message is not intended to be inherited from. In particular, its
75 // destructor is not virtual.
77 // Note that StrStream behaves differently in gcc and in MSVC. You
78 // can stream a NULL char pointer to it in the former, but not in the
79 // latter (it causes an access violation if you do). The Message
80 // class hides this difference by treating a NULL char pointer as
82 class GTEST_API_ Message
{
84 // The type of basic IO manipulators (endl, ends, and flush) for
86 typedef std::ostream
& (*BasicNarrowIoManip
)(std::ostream
&);
89 // Constructs an empty Message.
90 // We allocate the StrStream separately because it otherwise each use of
91 // ASSERT/EXPECT in a procedure adds over 200 bytes to the procedure's
92 // stack frame leading to huge stack frames in some cases; gcc does not reuse
94 Message() : ss_(new internal::StrStream
) {
95 // By default, we want there to be enough precision when printing
96 // a double to a Message.
97 *ss_
<< std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits
<double>::digits10
+ 2);
101 Message(const Message
& msg
) : ss_(new internal::StrStream
) { // NOLINT
102 *ss_
<< msg
.GetString();
105 // Constructs a Message from a C-string.
106 explicit Message(const char* str
) : ss_(new internal::StrStream
) {
110 ~Message() { delete ss_
; }
112 // Streams a value (either a pointer or not) to this object.
113 template <typename T
>
114 inline Message
& operator <<(const T
& value
) {
115 StreamHelper(typename
internal::is_pointer
<T
>::type(), value
);
119 // Streams a non-pointer value to this object.
120 template <typename T
>
121 inline Message
& operator <<(const T
& val
) {
122 ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_
, val
);
126 // Streams a pointer value to this object.
128 // This function is an overload of the previous one. When you
129 // stream a pointer to a Message, this definition will be used as it
130 // is more specialized. (The C++ Standard, section
131 // [temp.func.order].) If you stream a non-pointer, then the
132 // previous definition will be used.
134 // The reason for this overload is that streaming a NULL pointer to
135 // ostream is undefined behavior. Depending on the compiler, you
136 // may get "0", "(nil)", "(null)", or an access violation. To
137 // ensure consistent result across compilers, we always treat NULL
139 template <typename T
>
140 inline Message
& operator <<(T
* const& pointer
) { // NOLINT
141 if (pointer
== NULL
) {
144 ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_
, pointer
);
148 #endif // GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
150 // Since the basic IO manipulators are overloaded for both narrow
151 // and wide streams, we have to provide this specialized definition
152 // of operator <<, even though its body is the same as the
153 // templatized version above. Without this definition, streaming
154 // endl or other basic IO manipulators to Message will confuse the
156 Message
& operator <<(BasicNarrowIoManip val
) {
161 // Instead of 1/0, we want to see true/false for bool values.
162 Message
& operator <<(bool b
) {
163 return *this << (b
? "true" : "false");
166 // These two overloads allow streaming a wide C string to a Message
167 // using the UTF-8 encoding.
168 Message
& operator <<(const wchar_t* wide_c_str
) {
169 return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str
);
171 Message
& operator <<(wchar_t* wide_c_str
) {
172 return *this << internal::String::ShowWideCString(wide_c_str
);
175 #if GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
176 // Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
177 // encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
178 Message
& operator <<(const ::std::wstring
& wstr
);
179 #endif // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
181 #if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
182 // Converts the given wide string to a narrow string using the UTF-8
183 // encoding, and streams the result to this Message object.
184 Message
& operator <<(const ::wstring
& wstr
);
185 #endif // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
187 // Gets the text streamed to this object so far as a String.
188 // Each '\0' character in the buffer is replaced with "\\0".
190 // INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN A USER PROGRAM.
191 internal::String
GetString() const {
192 return internal::StrStreamToString(ss_
);
197 // These are needed as the Nokia Symbian Compiler cannot decide between
198 // const T& and const T* in a function template. The Nokia compiler _can_
199 // decide between class template specializations for T and T*, so a
200 // tr1::type_traits-like is_pointer works, and we can overload on that.
201 template <typename T
>
202 inline void StreamHelper(internal::true_type
/*dummy*/, T
* pointer
) {
203 if (pointer
== NULL
) {
206 ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_
, pointer
);
209 template <typename T
>
210 inline void StreamHelper(internal::false_type
/*dummy*/, const T
& value
) {
211 ::GTestStreamToHelper(ss_
, value
);
213 #endif // GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
215 // We'll hold the text streamed to this object here.
216 internal::StrStream
* const ss_
;
218 // We declare (but don't implement) this to prevent the compiler
219 // from implementing the assignment operator.
220 void operator=(const Message
&);
223 // Streams a Message to an ostream.
224 inline std::ostream
& operator <<(std::ostream
& os
, const Message
& sb
) {
225 return os
<< sb
.GetString();
228 } // namespace testing
230 #endif // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_GTEST_MESSAGE_H_