1 LINUX ALLOCATED DEVICES
2 Maintained by H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com>
4 Last revised: August 10, 1998
6 This list is the Linux Device List, the official registry of allocated
7 device numbers and /dev directory nodes for the Linux operating
10 The latest version of this list is included with the Linux kernel
11 sources in LaTeX and ASCII form. It is also available separately from
12 ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/docs/device-list/. In case of
13 discrepancy between the text and LaTeX versions, the LaTeX version is
16 This document is included by reference into the Linux Filesystem
17 Standard (FSSTND). The FSSTND is available from
18 ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/docs/linux-standards/fsstnd/.
20 Allocations marked (68k/Amiga) apply to Linux/68k on the Amiga
21 platform only. Allocations marked (68k/Atari) apply to Linux/68k on
22 the Atari platform only.
24 This document is in the public domain. The author requests, however,
25 that semantically altered versions are not distributed without
26 permission of the author, assuming the author can be contacted without
27 an unreasonable effort.
29 In particular, please don't sent patches for this list to Linus, at
30 least not without contacting me first.
32 I do not have any information about these devices beyond what appears
33 on this list. Any such information requests will be deleted without
36 **** PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE SUBMITTING A DEVICE ENTRY ****
38 To have a major number allocated, or a minor number in situations
39 where that applies (e.g. busmice), please contact me with the
40 appropriate device information. Also, if you have additional
41 information regarding any of the devices listed below, or if I have
42 made a mistake, I would greatly appreciate a note.
44 I do, however, make two requests about the nature of your report.
45 This is necessary for me to be able to keep this list up to date and
46 correct in a timely manner. First of all, *please* include the word
47 "device" in the subject so your mail won't accidentally get buried! I
48 receive hundreds of email messages a day, so mail sent with other
49 subjects may very well get lost in the avalanche.
51 Second, please include a description of the device *in the same format
52 as this list*. The reason for this is that it is the only way I have
53 found to ensure I have all the requisite information to publish your
54 device and avoid conflicts.
56 Your cooperation is appreciated.
59 0 Unnamed devices (e.g. non-device mounts)
60 0 = reserved as null device number
63 1 = /dev/mem Physical memory access
64 2 = /dev/kmem Kernel virtual memory access
65 3 = /dev/null Null device
66 4 = /dev/port I/O port access
67 5 = /dev/zero Null byte source
68 6 = /dev/core OBSOLETE - replaced by /proc/kcore
69 7 = /dev/full Returns ENOSPC on write
70 8 = /dev/random Nondeterministic random number gen.
71 9 = /dev/urandom Faster, less secure random number gen.
73 0 = /dev/ram0 First RAM disk
75 7 = /dev/ram7 Eighth RAM disk
76 250 = /dev/initrd Initial RAM disk
78 Older kernels had /dev/ramdisk (1, 1) here.
79 /dev/initrd refers to a RAM disk which was preloaded
82 2 char Pseudo-TTY masters
83 0 = /dev/ptyp0 First PTY master
84 1 = /dev/ptyp1 Second PTY master
86 255 = /dev/ptyef 256th PTY master
88 Pseudo-tty's are named as follows:
89 * Masters are "pty", slaves are "tty";
90 * the fourth letter is one of pqrstuvwxyzabcde indicating
91 the 1st through 16th series of 16 pseudo-ttys each, and
92 * the fifth letter is one of 0123456789abcdef indicating
93 the position within the series.
95 These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98
96 devices are on major 128 and above and use the PTY
97 master multiplex (/dev/ptmx) to acquire a PTY on
101 0 = /dev/fd0 Controller 1, drive 1 autodetect
102 1 = /dev/fd1 Controller 1, drive 2 autodetect
103 2 = /dev/fd2 Controller 1, drive 3 autodetect
104 3 = /dev/fd3 Controller 1, drive 4 autodetect
105 128 = /dev/fd4 Controller 2, drive 1 autodetect
106 129 = /dev/fd5 Controller 2, drive 2 autodetect
107 130 = /dev/fd6 Controller 2, drive 3 autodetect
108 131 = /dev/fd7 Controller 2, drive 4 autodetect
110 To specify format, add to the autodetect device number:
111 0 = /dev/fd? Autodetect format
112 4 = /dev/fd?d360 5.25" 360K in a 360K drive(1)
113 20 = /dev/fd?h360 5.25" 360K in a 1200K drive(1)
114 48 = /dev/fd?h410 5.25" 410K in a 1200K drive
115 64 = /dev/fd?h420 5.25" 420K in a 1200K drive
116 24 = /dev/fd?h720 5.25" 720K in a 1200K drive
117 80 = /dev/fd?h880 5.25" 880K in a 1200K drive(1)
118 8 = /dev/fd?h1200 5.25" 1200K in a 1200K drive(1)
119 40 = /dev/fd?h1440 5.25" 1440K in a 1200K drive(1)
120 56 = /dev/fd?h1476 5.25" 1476K in a 1200K drive
121 72 = /dev/fd?h1494 5.25" 1494K in a 1200K drive
122 92 = /dev/fd?h1600 5.25" 1600K in a 1200K drive(1)
124 12 = /dev/fd?u360 3.5" 360K Double Density(2)
125 16 = /dev/fd?u720 3.5" 720K Double Density(1)
126 120 = /dev/fd?u800 3.5" 800K Double Density(2)
127 52 = /dev/fd?u820 3.5" 820K Double Density
128 68 = /dev/fd?u830 3.5" 830K Double Density
129 84 = /dev/fd?u1040 3.5" 1040K Double Density(1)
130 88 = /dev/fd?u1120 3.5" 1120K Double Density(1)
131 28 = /dev/fd?u1440 3.5" 1440K High Density(1)
132 124 = /dev/fd?u1600 3.5" 1600K High Density(1)
133 44 = /dev/fd?u1680 3.5" 1680K High Density(3)
134 60 = /dev/fd?u1722 3.5" 1722K High Density
135 76 = /dev/fd?u1743 3.5" 1743K High Density
136 96 = /dev/fd?u1760 3.5" 1760K High Density
137 116 = /dev/fd?u1840 3.5" 1840K High Density(3)
138 100 = /dev/fd?u1920 3.5" 1920K High Density(1)
139 32 = /dev/fd?u2880 3.5" 2880K Extra Density(1)
140 104 = /dev/fd?u3200 3.5" 3200K Extra Density
141 108 = /dev/fd?u3520 3.5" 3520K Extra Density
142 112 = /dev/fd?u3840 3.5" 3840K Extra Density(1)
144 36 = /dev/fd?CompaQ Compaq 2880K drive; obsolete?
146 (1) Autodetectable format
147 (2) Autodetectable format in a Double Density (720K) drive only
148 (3) Autodetectable format in a High Density (1440K) drive only
150 NOTE: The letter in the device name (d, q, h or u)
151 signifies the type of drive: 5.25" Double Density (d),
152 5.25" Quad Density (q), 5.25" High Density (h) or 3.5"
153 (any model, u). The use of the capital letters D, H
154 and E for the 3.5" models have been deprecated, since
155 the drive type is insignificant for these devices.
157 3 char Pseudo-TTY slaves
158 0 = /dev/ttyp0 First PTY slave
159 1 = /dev/ttyp1 Second PTY slave
161 255 = /dev/ttyef 256th PTY slave
163 These are the old-style (BSD) PTY devices; Unix98
164 devices are on major 136 and above.
166 block First MFM, RLL and IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
167 0 = /dev/hda Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
168 64 = /dev/hdb Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
170 For partitions, add to the whole disk device number:
171 0 = /dev/hd? Whole disk
172 1 = /dev/hd?1 First partition
173 2 = /dev/hd?2 Second partition
175 63 = /dev/hd?63 63rd partition
177 For Linux/i386, partitions 1-4 are the primary
178 partitions, and 5 and above are logical partitions.
179 Other versions of Linux use partitioning schemes
180 appropriate to their respective architectures.
183 0 = /dev/tty0 Current virtual console
185 1 = /dev/tty1 First virtual console
187 63 = /dev/tty63 63rd virtual console
188 64 = /dev/ttyS0 First serial port
190 127 = /dev/ttyS63 64th serial port
191 128 = /dev/ptyp0 OBSOLETE
193 191 = /dev/ptysf OBSOLETE
194 192 = /dev/ttyp0 OBSOLETE
196 255 = /dev/ttysf OBSOLETE
198 Older versions of the Linux kernel used this major
199 number for BSD PTY devices. As of Linux 2.1.115, this
200 is no longer supported. Use major numbers 2 and 3.
202 5 char Alternate TTY devices
203 0 = /dev/tty Current TTY device
204 1 = /dev/console System console
205 2 = /dev/ptmx PTY master multiplex
206 64 = /dev/cua0 Callout device corresponding to ttyS0
208 127 = /dev/cua63 Callout device corresponding to ttyS63
210 (5,1) is /dev/console starting with Linux 2.1.71. See
211 the section on terminal devices for more information
214 6 char Parallel printer devices
215 0 = /dev/lp0 First parallel printer (0x3bc)
216 1 = /dev/lp1 Second parallel printer (0x378)
217 2 = /dev/lp2 Third parallel printer (0x278)
219 Not all computers have the 0x3bc parallel port; hence
220 the "first" printer may be either /dev/lp0 or
223 7 char Virtual console capture devices
224 0 = /dev/vcs Current vc text contents
225 1 = /dev/vcs1 tty1 text contents
227 63 = /dev/vcs63 tty63 text contents
228 128 = /dev/vcsa Current vc text/attribute contents
229 129 = /dev/vcsa1 tty1 text/attribute contents
231 191 = /dev/vcsa63 tty63 text/attribute contents
233 NOTE: These devices permit both read and write access.
235 block Loopback devices
236 0 = /dev/loop0 First loopback device
237 1 = /dev/loop1 Second loopback device
240 The loopback devices are used to mount filesystems not
241 associated with block devices. The binding to the
242 loopback devices is handled by mount(8) or losetup(8).
244 8 block SCSI disk devices (0-15)
245 0 = /dev/sda First SCSI disk whole disk
246 16 = /dev/sdb Second SCSI disk whole disk
247 32 = /dev/sdc Third SCSI disk whole disk
249 240 = /dev/sdp Sixteenth SCSI disk whole disk
251 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
252 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
255 9 char SCSI tape devices
256 0 = /dev/st0 First SCSI tape, mode 0
257 1 = /dev/st1 Second SCSI tape, mode 0
259 32 = /dev/st0l First SCSI tape, mode 1
260 33 = /dev/st1l Second SCSI tape, mode 1
262 64 = /dev/st0m First SCSI tape, mode 2
263 65 = /dev/st1m Second SCSI tape, mode 2
265 96 = /dev/st0a First SCSI tape, mode 3
266 97 = /dev/st1a Second SCSI tape, mode 3
268 128 = /dev/nst0 First SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind
269 129 = /dev/nst1 Second SCSI tape, mode 0, no rewind
271 160 = /dev/nst0l First SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind
272 161 = /dev/nst1l Second SCSI tape, mode 1, no rewind
274 192 = /dev/nst0m First SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind
275 193 = /dev/nst1m Second SCSI tape, mode 2, no rewind
277 224 = /dev/nst0a First SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind
278 225 = /dev/nst1a Second SCSI tape, mode 3, no rewind
281 "No rewind" refers to the omission of the default
282 automatic rewind on device close. The MTREW or MTOFFL
283 ioctl()'s can be used to rewind the tape regardless of
284 the device used to access it.
286 block Metadisk (RAID) devices
287 0 = /dev/md0 First metadisk group
288 1 = /dev/md1 Second metadisk group
291 The metadisk driver is used to span a
292 filesystem across multiple physical disks.
294 10 char Non-serial mice, misc features
295 0 = /dev/logibm Logitech bus mouse
296 1 = /dev/psaux PS/2-style mouse port
297 2 = /dev/inportbm Microsoft Inport bus mouse
298 3 = /dev/atibm ATI XL bus mouse
300 4 = /dev/amigamouse Amiga mouse (68k/Amiga)
301 5 = /dev/atarimouse Atari mouse
302 6 = /dev/sunmouse Sun mouse
303 7 = /dev/amigamouse1 Second Amiga mouse
304 8 = /dev/smouse Simple serial mouse driver
305 9 = /dev/pc110pad IBM PC-110 digitizer pad
306 128 = /dev/beep Fancy beep device
307 129 = /dev/modreq Kernel module load request
308 130 = /dev/watchdog Watchdog timer port
309 131 = /dev/temperature Machine internal temperature
310 132 = /dev/hwtrap Hardware fault trap
311 133 = /dev/exttrp External device trap
312 134 = /dev/apm_bios Advanced Power Management BIOS
313 135 = /dev/rtc Real Time Clock
314 139 = /dev/openprom SPARC OpenBoot PROM
315 140 = /dev/relay8 Berkshire Products Octal relay card
316 141 = /dev/relay16 Berkshire Products ISO-16 relay card
317 142 = /dev/msr x86 model-specific registers
318 143 = /dev/pciconf PCI configuration space
319 144 = /dev/nvram Non-volatile configuration RAM
320 145 = /dev/hfmodem Soundcard shortwave modem control
321 146 = /dev/graphics Linux/SGI graphics device
322 147 = /dev/opengl Linux/SGI OpenGL pipe
323 148 = /dev/gfx Linux/SGI graphics effects device
324 149 = /dev/input/mouse Linux/SGI Irix emulation mouse
325 150 = /dev/input/keyboard Linux/SGI Irix emulation keyboard
326 151 = /dev/led Front panel LEDs
327 153 = /dev/mergemem Memory merge device
328 154 = /dev/pmu Macintosh PowerBook power manager
330 11 char Raw keyboard device
331 0 = /dev/kbd Raw keyboard device
333 The raw keyboard device is used on Linux/SPARC only.
335 block SCSI CD-ROM devices
336 0 = /dev/sr0 First SCSI CD-ROM
337 1 = /dev/sr1 Second SCSI CD-ROM
340 The prefix /dev/scd instead of /dev/sr has been used
341 as well, and might make more sense.
344 2 = /dev/ntpqic11 QIC-11, no rewind-on-close
345 3 = /dev/tpqic11 QIC-11, rewind-on-close
346 4 = /dev/ntpqic24 QIC-24, no rewind-on-close
347 5 = /dev/tpqic24 QIC-24, rewind-on-close
348 6 = /dev/ntpqic120 QIC-120, no rewind-on-close
349 7 = /dev/tpqic120 QIC-120, rewind-on-close
350 8 = /dev/ntpqic150 QIC-150, no rewind-on-close
351 9 = /dev/tpqic150 QIC-150, rewind-on-close
353 The device names specified are proposed -- if there
354 are "standard" names for these devices, please let me know.
356 block MSCDEX CD-ROM callback support
357 0 = /dev/dos_cd0 First MSCDEX CD-ROM
358 1 = /dev/dos_cd1 Second MSCDEX CD-ROM
362 0 = /dev/pcmixer Emulates /dev/mixer
363 1 = /dev/pcsp Emulates /dev/dsp (8-bit)
364 4 = /dev/pcaudio Emulates /dev/audio
365 5 = /dev/pcsp16 Emulates /dev/dsp (16-bit)
366 block 8-bit MFM/RLL/IDE controller
367 0 = /dev/xda First XT disk whole disk
368 64 = /dev/xdb Second XT disk whole disk
370 Partitions are handled in the same way as IDE disks
371 (see major number 3).
374 0 = /dev/mixer Mixer control
375 1 = /dev/sequencer Audio sequencer
376 2 = /dev/midi00 First MIDI port
377 3 = /dev/dsp Digital audio
378 4 = /dev/audio Sun-compatible digital audio
379 6 = /dev/sndstat Sound card status information
380 8 = /dev/sequencer2 Sequencer -- alternate device
381 16 = /dev/mixer1 Second soundcard mixer control
382 17 = /dev/patmgr0 Sequencer patch manager
383 18 = /dev/midi01 Second MIDI port
384 19 = /dev/dsp1 Second soundcard digital audio
385 20 = /dev/audio1 Second soundcard Sun digital audio
386 33 = /dev/patmgr1 Sequencer patch manager
387 34 = /dev/midi02 Third MIDI port
388 50 = /dev/midi03 Fourth MIDI port
389 block BIOS harddrive callback support
390 0 = /dev/dos_hda First BIOS harddrive whole disk
391 64 = /dev/dos_hdb Second BIOS harddrive whole disk
392 128 = /dev/dos_hdc Third BIOS harddrive whole disk
393 192 = /dev/dos_hdd Fourth BIOS harddrive whole disk
395 Partitions are handled in the same way as IDE disks
396 (see major number 3).
399 0 = /dev/js0 First analog joystick
400 1 = /dev/js1 Second analog joystick
402 128 = /dev/djs0 First digital joystick
403 129 = /dev/djs1 Second digital joystick
405 block Sony CDU-31A/CDU-33A CD-ROM
406 0 = /dev/sonycd Sony CDU-31a CD-ROM
408 16 char Non-SCSI scanners
409 0 = /dev/gs4500 Genius 4500 handheld scanner
410 block GoldStar CD-ROM
411 0 = /dev/gscd GoldStar CD-ROM
413 17 char Chase serial card
414 0 = /dev/ttyH0 First Chase port
415 1 = /dev/ttyH1 Second Chase port
417 block Optics Storage CD-ROM
418 0 = /dev/optcd Optics Storage CD-ROM
420 18 char Chase serial card - alternate devices
421 0 = /dev/cuh0 Callout device corresponding to ttyH0
422 1 = /dev/cuh1 Callout device corresponding to ttyH1
425 0 = /dev/sjcd Sanyo CD-ROM
427 19 char Cyclades serial card
428 0 = /dev/ttyC0 First Cyclades port
430 31 = /dev/ttyC31 32nd Cyclades port
431 block "Double" compressed disk
432 0 = /dev/double0 First compressed disk
434 7 = /dev/double7 Eighth compressed disk
435 128 = /dev/cdouble0 Mirror of first compressed disk
437 135 = /dev/cdouble7 Mirror of eighth compressed disk
439 See the Double documentation for the meaning of the
442 20 char Cyclades serial card - alternate devices
443 0 = /dev/cub0 Callout device corresponding to ttyC0
445 31 = /dev/cub31 Callout device corresponding to ttyC31
446 block Hitachi CD-ROM (under development)
447 0 = /dev/hitcd Hitachi CD-ROM
449 21 char Generic SCSI access
450 0 = /dev/sg0 First generic SCSI device
451 1 = /dev/sg1 Second generic SCSI device
454 Most distributions name these /dev/sga, /dev/sgb...;
455 this sets an unnecessary limit of 26 SCSI devices in
456 the system and is counter to standard Linux
457 device-naming practice.
459 block Acorn MFM hard drive interface
460 0 = /dev/mfma First MFM drive whole disk
461 64 = /dev/mfmb Second MFM drive whole disk
463 This device is used on the ARM-based Acorn RiscPC.
464 Partitions are handled the same way as for IDE disks
465 (see major number 3).
467 22 char Digiboard serial card
468 0 = /dev/ttyD0 First Digiboard port
469 1 = /dev/ttyD1 Second Digiboard port
471 block Second IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
472 0 = /dev/hdc Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
473 64 = /dev/hdd Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
475 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
476 interface (see major number 3).
478 23 char Digiboard serial card - alternate devices
479 0 = /dev/cud0 Callout device corresponding to ttyD0
480 1 = /dev/cud1 Callout device corresponding to ttyD1
482 block Mitsumi proprietary CD-ROM
483 0 = /dev/mcd Mitsumi CD-ROM
485 24 char Stallion serial card
486 0 = /dev/ttyE0 Stallion port 0 card 0
487 1 = /dev/ttyE1 Stallion port 1 card 0
489 64 = /dev/ttyE64 Stallion port 0 card 1
490 65 = /dev/ttyE65 Stallion port 1 card 1
492 128 = /dev/ttyE128 Stallion port 0 card 2
493 129 = /dev/ttyE129 Stallion port 1 card 2
495 192 = /dev/ttyE192 Stallion port 0 card 3
496 193 = /dev/ttyE193 Stallion port 1 card 3
498 block Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM
499 0 = /dev/cdu535 Sony CDU-535 CD-ROM
501 25 char Stallion serial card - alternate devices
502 0 = /dev/cue0 Callout device corresponding to ttyE0
503 1 = /dev/cue1 Callout device corresponding to ttyE1
505 64 = /dev/cue64 Callout device corresponding to ttyE64
506 65 = /dev/cue65 Callout device corresponding to ttyE65
508 128 = /dev/cue128 Callout device corresponding to ttyE128
509 129 = /dev/cue129 Callout device corresponding to ttyE129
511 192 = /dev/cue192 Callout device corresponding to ttyE192
512 193 = /dev/cue193 Callout device corresponding to ttyE193
514 block First Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
515 0 = /dev/sbpcd0 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 0
516 1 = /dev/sbpcd1 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 1
517 2 = /dev/sbpcd2 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 2
518 3 = /dev/sbpcd3 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 0 unit 3
520 26 char Quanta WinVision frame grabber
521 0 = /dev/wvisfgrab Quanta WinVision frame grabber
522 block Second Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
523 0 = /dev/sbpcd4 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 0
524 1 = /dev/sbpcd5 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 1
525 2 = /dev/sbpcd6 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 2
526 3 = /dev/sbpcd7 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 1 unit 3
529 0 = /dev/qft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close
530 1 = /dev/qft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close
531 2 = /dev/qft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close
532 3 = /dev/qft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close
533 4 = /dev/nqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close
534 5 = /dev/nqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close
535 6 = /dev/nqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close
536 7 = /dev/nqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close
537 16 = /dev/zqft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close, compression
538 17 = /dev/zqft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close, compression
539 18 = /dev/zqft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close, compression
540 19 = /dev/zqt3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close, compression
541 20 = /dev/nzqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, compression
542 21 = /dev/nzqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, compression
543 22 = /dev/nzqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, compression
544 23 = /dev/nzqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, compression
545 32 = /dev/rawqft0 Unit 0, rewind-on-close, no file marks
546 33 = /dev/rawqft1 Unit 1, rewind-on-close, no file marks
547 34 = /dev/rawqft2 Unit 2, rewind-on-close, no file marks
548 35 = /dev/rawqft3 Unit 3, rewind-on-close, no file marks
549 32 = /dev/nrawqft0 Unit 0, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
550 33 = /dev/nrawqft1 Unit 1, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
551 34 = /dev/nrawqft2 Unit 2, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
552 35 = /dev/nrawqft3 Unit 3, no rewind-on-close, no file marks
553 block Third Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
554 0 = /dev/sbpcd8 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 0
555 1 = /dev/sbpcd9 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 1
556 2 = /dev/sbpcd10 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 2
557 3 = /dev/sbpcd11 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 2 unit 3
559 28 char Stallion serial card - card programming
560 0 = /dev/staliomem0 First Stallion card I/O memory
561 1 = /dev/staliomem1 Second Stallion card I/O memory
562 2 = /dev/staliomem2 Third Stallion card I/O memory
563 3 = /dev/staliomem3 Fourth Stallion card I/O memory
564 char Atari SLM ACSI laser printer (68k/Atari)
565 0 = /dev/slm0 First SLM laser printer
566 1 = /dev/slm1 Second SLM laser printer
568 block Fourth Matsushita (Panasonic/SoundBlaster) CD-ROM
569 0 = /dev/sbpcd12 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 0
570 1 = /dev/sbpcd13 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 1
571 2 = /dev/sbpcd14 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 2
572 3 = /dev/sbpcd15 Panasonic CD-ROM controller 3 unit 3
573 block ACSI disk (68k/Atari)
574 0 = /dev/ada First ACSI disk whole disk
575 16 = /dev/adb Second ACSI disk whole disk
576 32 = /dev/adc Third ACSI disk whole disk
578 240 = /dev/adp 16th ACSI disk whole disk
580 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
581 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
582 partitions is 15, like SCSI.
584 29 char Universal frame buffer
585 0 = /dev/fb0 First frame buffer
586 32 = /dev/fb1 Second frame buffer
588 240 = /dev/fb7 Eighth frame buffer
590 All additional minor numbers are reserved.
592 block Aztech/Orchid/Okano/Wearnes CD-ROM
593 0 = /dev/aztcd Aztech CD-ROM
595 30 char iBCS-2 compatibility devices
596 0 = /dev/socksys Socket access
597 1 = /dev/spx SVR3 local X interface
598 2 = /dev/inet/arp Network access
599 2 = /dev/inet/icmp Network access
600 2 = /dev/inet/ip Network access
601 2 = /dev/inet/udp Network access
602 2 = /dev/inet/tcp Network access
604 Additionally, iBCS-2 requires /dev/nfsd to be a link
605 to /dev/socksys, and /dev/X0R to be a link to
608 block Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM
609 0 = /dev/cm205cd Philips LMS CM-205 CD-ROM
611 /dev/lmscd is an older name for this device. This
612 driver does not work with the CM-205MS CD-ROM.
615 0 = /dev/mpu401data MPU-401 data port
616 1 = /dev/mpu401stat MPU-401 status port
617 block ROM/flash memory card
618 0 = /dev/rom0 First ROM card (rw)
620 7 = /dev/rom7 Eighth ROM card (rw)
621 8 = /dev/rrom0 First ROM card (ro)
623 15 = /dev/rrom7 Eighth ROM card (ro)
624 16 = /dev/flash0 First flash memory card (rw)
626 23 = /dev/flash7 Eighth flash memory card (rw)
627 24 = /dev/rflash0 First flash memory card (ro)
629 31 = /dev/rflash7 Eighth flash memory card (ro)
631 The read-write (rw) devices support back-caching
632 written data in RAM, as well as writing to flash RAM
633 devices. The read-only devices (ro) support reading
636 32 char Specialix serial card
637 0 = /dev/ttyX0 First Specialix port
638 1 = /dev/ttyX1 Second Specialix port
640 block Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM
641 0 = /dev/cm206cd Philips LMS CM-206 CD-ROM
643 33 char Specialix serial card - alternate devices
644 0 = /dev/cux0 Callout device corresponding to ttyX0
645 1 = /dev/cux1 Callout device corresponding to ttyX1
647 block Third IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
648 0 = /dev/hde Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
649 64 = /dev/hdf Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
651 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
652 interface (see major number 3).
654 34 char Z8530 HDLC driver
655 0 = /dev/scc0 First Z8530, first port
656 1 = /dev/scc1 First Z8530, second port
657 2 = /dev/scc2 Second Z8530, first port
658 3 = /dev/scc3 Second Z8530, second port
661 In a previous version these devices were named
662 /dev/sc1 for /dev/scc0, /dev/sc2 for /dev/scc1, and so
665 block Fourth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
666 0 = /dev/hdg Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
667 64 = /dev/hdh Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
669 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
670 interface (see major number 3).
672 35 char tclmidi MIDI driver
673 0 = /dev/midi0 First MIDI port, kernel timed
674 1 = /dev/midi1 Second MIDI port, kernel timed
675 2 = /dev/midi2 Third MIDI port, kernel timed
676 3 = /dev/midi3 Fourth MIDI port, kernel timed
677 64 = /dev/rmidi0 First MIDI port, untimed
678 65 = /dev/rmidi1 Second MIDI port, untimed
679 66 = /dev/rmidi2 Third MIDI port, untimed
680 67 = /dev/rmidi3 Fourth MIDI port, untimed
681 128 = /dev/smpte0 First MIDI port, SMPTE timed
682 129 = /dev/smpte1 Second MIDI port, SMPTE timed
683 130 = /dev/smpte2 Third MIDI port, SMPTE timed
684 131 = /dev/smpte3 Fourth MIDI port, SMPTE timed
685 block Slow memory ramdisk
686 0 = /dev/slram Slow memory ramdisk
688 36 char Netlink support
689 0 = /dev/route Routing, device updates, kernel to user
690 1 = /dev/skip enSKIP security cache control
691 block MCA ESDI hard disk
692 0 = /dev/eda First ESDI disk whole disk
693 64 = /dev/edb Second ESDI disk whole disk
696 Partitions are handled in the same way as IDE disks
697 (see major number 3).
700 0 = /dev/ht0 First IDE tape
701 128 = /dev/nht0 First IDE tape, no rewind-on-close
703 Currently, only one IDE tape drive is supported.
705 block Zorro II ramdisk
706 0 = /dev/z2ram Zorro II ramdisk
708 38 char Myricom PCI Myrinet board
709 0 = /dev/mlanai0 First Myrinet board
710 1 = /dev/mlanai1 Second Myrinet board
713 This device is used for status query, board control
714 and "user level packet I/O." This board is also
715 accessible as a standard networking "eth" device.
717 block Reserved for Linux/AP+
719 39 char ML-16P experimental I/O board
720 0 = /dev/ml16pa-a0 First card, first analog channel
721 1 = /dev/ml16pa-a1 First card, second analog channel
723 15 = /dev/ml16pa-a15 First card, 16th analog channel
724 16 = /dev/ml16pa-d First card, digital lines
725 17 = /dev/ml16pa-c0 First card, first counter/timer
726 18 = /dev/ml16pa-c1 First card, second counter/timer
727 19 = /dev/ml16pa-c2 First card, third counter/timer
728 32 = /dev/ml16pb-a0 Second card, first analog channel
729 33 = /dev/ml16pb-a1 Second card, second analog channel
731 47 = /dev/ml16pb-a15 Second card, 16th analog channel
732 48 = /dev/ml16pb-d Second card, digital lines
733 49 = /dev/ml16pb-c0 Second card, first counter/timer
734 50 = /dev/ml16pb-c1 Second card, second counter/timer
735 51 = /dev/ml16pb-c2 Second card, third counter/timer
737 block Reserved for Linux/AP+
739 40 char Matrox Meteor frame grabber
740 0 = /dev/mmetfgrab Matrox Meteor frame grabber
741 block Syquest EZ135 parallel port removable drive
742 0 = /dev/eza Parallel EZ135 drive, whole disk
744 This device is obsolete and will be removed in a
745 future version of Linux. It has been replaced with
746 the parallel port IDE disk driver at major number 45.
747 Partitions are handled in the same way as IDE disks
748 (see major number 3).
750 41 char Yet Another Micro Monitor
751 0 = /dev/yamm Yet Another Micro Monitor
752 block MicroSolutions BackPack parallel port CD-ROM
753 0 = /dev/bpcd BackPack CD-ROM
755 This device is obsolete and will be removed in a
756 future version of Linux. It has been replaced with
757 the parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM driver at major number 46.
761 This number is intended for use in sample code, as
762 well as a general "example" device number. It
763 should never be used for a device driver that is being
764 distributed; either obtain an official number or use
765 the local/experimental range. The sudden addition or
766 removal of a driver with this number should not cause
767 ill effects to the system (bugs excepted.)
769 IN PARTICULAR, ANY DISTRIBUTION WHICH CONTAINS A
770 DEVICE DRIVER USING MAJOR NUMBER 42 IS NONCOMPLIANT.
772 43 char isdn4linux virtual modem
773 0 = /dev/ttyI0 First virtual modem
775 63 = /dev/ttyI63 64th virtual modem
776 block Network block devices
777 0 = /dev/nb0 First network block device
778 1 = /dev/nb1 Second network block device
781 Network Block Device is somehow similar to loopback
782 devices: If you read from it, it sends packet accross
783 network asking server for data. If you write to it, it
784 sends packet telling server to write. It could be used
785 to mounting filesystems over the net, swapping over
786 the net, implementing block device in userland etc.
788 44 char isdn4linux virtual modem - alternate devices
789 0 = /dev/cui0 Callout device corresponding to ttyI0
791 63 = /dev/cui63 Callout device corresponding to ttyI63
792 block Flash Translatio Layer (FTL) filesystems
793 0 = /dev/ftla FTL on first Memory Technology Device
794 16 = /dev/ftlb FTL on second Memory Technology Device
795 32 = /dev/ftlc FTL on third Memory Technology Device
797 240 = /dev/ftlp FTL on 16th Memory Technology Device
799 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
800 disks (see major number 3) expect that the partition
801 limit is 15 rather than 63 per disk (same as SCSI.)
803 45 char isdn4linux ISDN BRI driver
804 0 = /dev/isdn0 First virtual B channel raw data
806 63 = /dev/isdn63 64th virtual B channel raw data
807 64 = /dev/isdnctrl0 First channel control/debug
809 127 = /dev/isdnctrl63 64th channel control/debug
811 128 = /dev/ippp0 First SyncPPP device
813 191 = /dev/ippp63 64th SyncPPP device
815 255 = /dev/isdninfo ISDN monitor interface
816 block Parallel port IDE disk devices
817 0 = /dev/pda First parallel port IDE disk
818 16 = /dev/pdb Second parallel port IDE disk
819 32 = /dev/pdc Third parallel port IDE disk
820 48 = /dev/pdd Fourth parallel port IDE disk
822 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
823 disks (see major number 3) except that the partition
824 limit is 15 rather than 63 per disk.
826 46 char Comtrol Rocketport serial card
827 0 = /dev/ttyR0 First Rocketport port
828 1 = /dev/ttyR1 Second Rocketport port
830 block Parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM devices
831 0 = /dev/pcd0 First parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
832 1 = /dev/pcd1 Second parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
833 2 = /dev/pcd2 Third parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
834 3 = /dev/pcd3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI CD-ROM
836 47 char Comtrol Rocketport serial card - alternate devices
837 0 = /dev/cur0 Callout device corresponding to ttyR0
838 1 = /dev/cur1 Callout device corresponding to ttyR1
840 block Parallel port ATAPI disk devices
841 0 = /dev/pf0 First parallel port ATAPI disk
842 1 = /dev/pf1 Second parallel port ATAPI disk
843 2 = /dev/pf2 Third parallel port ATAPI disk
844 3 = /dev/pf3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI disk
846 This driver is intended for floppy disks and similar
847 devices and hence does not support partitioning.
849 48 char SDL RISCom serial card
850 0 = /dev/ttyL0 First RISCom port
851 1 = /dev/ttyL1 Second RISCom port
853 block Reserved for Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller
855 49 char SDL RISCom serial card - alternate devices
856 0 = /dev/cul0 Callout device corresponding to ttyL0
857 1 = /dev/cul1 Callout device corresponding to ttyL1
859 block Reserved for Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller
861 50 char Reserved for GLINT
862 block Reserved for Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller
864 51 char Baycom radio modem
865 0 = /dev/bc0 First Baycom radio modem
866 1 = /dev/bc1 Second Baycom radio modem
868 block Reserved for Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller
870 52 char Spellcaster DataComm/BRI ISDN card
871 0 = /dev/dcbri0 First DataComm card
872 1 = /dev/dcbri1 Second DataComm card
873 2 = /dev/dcbri2 Third DataComm card
874 3 = /dev/dcbri3 Fourth DataComm card
875 block Reserved for Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller
877 53 char BDM interface for remote debugging MC683xx microcontrollers
878 0 = /dev/pd_bdm0 PD BDM interface on lp0
879 1 = /dev/pd_bdm1 PD BDM interface on lp1
880 2 = /dev/pd_bdm2 PD BDM interface on lp2
881 4 = /dev/icd_bdm0 ICD BDM interface on lp0
882 5 = /dev/icd_bdm1 ICD BDM interface on lp1
883 6 = /dev/icd_bdm2 ICD BDM interface on lp2
885 This device is used for the interfacing to the MC683xx
886 microcontrollers via Background Debug Mode by use of a
887 Parallel Port interface. PD is the Motorola Public
888 Domain Interface and ICD is the commercial interface
891 block Reserved for Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller
893 54 char Electrocardiognosis Holter serial card
894 0 = /dev/holter0 First Holter port
895 1 = /dev/holter1 Second Holter port
896 2 = /dev/holter2 Third Holter port
898 A custom serial card used by Electrocardiognosis SRL
899 <mseritan@ottonel.pub.ro> to transfer data from Holter
900 24-hour heart monitoring equipment.
902 block Reserved for Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller
904 55 char DSP56001 digital signal processor
905 0 = /dev/dsp56k First DSP56001
906 block Reserved for Mylex DAC960 PCI RAID controller
908 56 char Apple Desktop Bus
909 0 = /dev/adb ADB bus control
911 Additional devices will be added to this number, all
912 starting with /dev/adb.
914 block Fifth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
915 0 = /dev/hdi Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
916 64 = /dev/hdj Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
918 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
919 interface (see major number 3).
921 57 char Hayes ESP serial card
922 0 = /dev/ttyP0 First ESP port
923 1 = /dev/ttyP1 Second ESP port
926 block Sixth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
927 0 = /dev/hdk Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
928 64 = /dev/hdl Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
930 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
931 interface (see major number 3).
933 58 char Hayes ESP serial card - alternate devices
934 0 = /dev/cup0 Callout device corresponding to ttyP0
935 1 = /dev/cup1 Callout device corresponding to ttyP1
937 block Reserved for logical volume manager
939 59 char sf firewall package
940 0 = /dev/firewall Communication with sf kernel module
942 60-63 LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
943 Allocated for local/experimental use. For devices not
944 assigned official numbers, these ranges should be
945 used, in order to avoid conflicting with future assignments.
947 64 char ENskip kernel encryption package
948 0 = /dev/enskip Communication with ENskip kernel module
950 65 char Sundance "plink" Transputer boards
951 0 = /dev/plink0 First plink device
952 1 = /dev/plink1 Second plink device
953 2 = /dev/plink2 Third plink device
954 3 = /dev/plink3 Fourth plink device
955 64 = /dev/rplink0 First plink device, raw
956 65 = /dev/rplink1 Second plink device, raw
957 66 = /dev/rplink2 Third plink device, raw
958 67 = /dev/rplink3 Fourth plink device, raw
959 128 = /dev/plink0d First plink device, debug
960 129 = /dev/plink1d Second plink device, debug
961 130 = /dev/plink2d Third plink device, debug
962 131 = /dev/plink3d Fourth plink device, debug
963 192 = /dev/rplink0d First plink device, raw, debug
964 193 = /dev/rplink1d Second plink device, raw, debug
965 194 = /dev/rplink2d Third plink device, raw, debug
966 195 = /dev/rplink3d Fourth plink device, raw, debug
968 This is a commercial driver; contact James Howes
969 <jth@prosig.demon.co.uk> for information.
971 block SCSI disk devices (16-31)
972 0 = /dev/sdq 16th SCSI disk whole disk
973 16 = /dev/sdr 17th SCSI disk whole disk
974 32 = /dev/sds 18th SCSI disk whole disk
976 240 = /dev/sdaf 32nd SCSI disk whole disk
978 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
979 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
982 66 char YARC PowerPC PCI coprocessor card
983 0 = /dev/yppcpci0 First YARC card
984 1 = /dev/yppcpci1 Second YARC card
987 block SCSI disk devices (32-47)
988 0 = /dev/sdag 33th SCSI disk whole disk
989 16 = /dev/sdah 34th SCSI disk whole disk
990 32 = /dev/sdai 35th SCSI disk whole disk
992 240 = /dev/sdav 48nd SCSI disk whole disk
994 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
995 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
998 67 char Coda network file system
999 0 = /dev/cfs0 Coda cache manager
1001 See http://www.coda.cs.cmu.edu for information about Coda.
1003 block SCSI disk devices (48-63)
1004 0 = /dev/sdaw 49th SCSI disk whole disk
1005 16 = /dev/sdax 50th SCSI disk whole disk
1006 32 = /dev/sday 51st SCSI disk whole disk
1008 240 = /dev/sdbl 64th SCSI disk whole disk
1010 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1011 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1014 68 char CAPI 2.0 interface
1015 0 = /dev/capi20 Control device
1016 1 = /dev/capi20.00 First CAPI 2.0 application
1017 2 = /dev/capi20.01 Second CAPI 2.0 application
1019 20 = /dev/capi20.19 19th CAPI 2.0 application
1021 ISDN CAPI 2.0 driver for use with CAPI 2.0
1022 applications; currently supports the AVM B1 card.
1024 block SCSI disk devices (64-79)
1025 0 = /dev/sdbm 64th SCSI disk whole disk
1026 16 = /dev/sdbn 65th SCSI disk whole disk
1027 32 = /dev/sdbo 66th SCSI disk whole disk
1029 240 = /dev/sdcb 80th SCSI disk whole disk
1031 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1032 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1035 69 char MA16 numeric accelerator card
1036 0 = /dev/ma16 Board memory access
1038 block SCSI disk devices (80-95)
1039 0 = /dev/sdcc 81st SCSI disk whole disk
1040 16 = /dev/sdcd 82nd SCSI disk whole disk
1041 32 = /dev/sdce 83th SCSI disk whole disk
1043 240 = /dev/sdcr 96th SCSI disk whole disk
1045 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1046 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1049 70 char SpellCaster Protocol Services Interface
1050 0 = /dev/apscfg Configuration interface
1051 1 = /dev/apsauth Authentication interface
1052 2 = /dev/apslog Logging interface
1053 3 = /dev/apsdbg Debugging interface
1054 64 = /dev/apsisdn ISDN command interface
1055 65 = /dev/apsasync Async command interface
1056 128 = /dev/apsmon Monitor interface
1058 block SCSI disk devices (96-111)
1059 0 = /dev/sdcs 97th SCSI disk whole disk
1060 16 = /dev/sdct 98th SCSI disk whole disk
1061 32 = /dev/sdcu 99th SCSI disk whole disk
1063 240 = /dev/sddh 112nd SCSI disk whole disk
1065 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1066 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1069 71 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card
1070 0 = /dev/ttyF0 IntelliPort II board 0, port 0
1071 1 = /dev/ttyF1 IntelliPort II board 0, port 1
1073 63 = /dev/ttyF63 IntelliPort II board 0, port 63
1074 64 = /dev/ttyF64 IntelliPort II board 1, port 0
1075 65 = /dev/ttyF65 IntelliPort II board 1, port 1
1077 127 = /dev/ttyF127 IntelliPort II board 1, port 63
1078 128 = /dev/ttyF128 IntelliPort II board 2, port 0
1079 129 = /dev/ttyF129 IntelliPort II board 2, port 1
1081 191 = /dev/ttyF191 IntelliPort II board 2, port 63
1082 192 = /dev/ttyF192 IntelliPort II board 3, port 0
1083 193 = /dev/ttyF193 IntelliPort II board 3, port 1
1085 255 = /dev/ttyF255 IntelliPort II board 3, port 63
1087 block SCSI disk devices (112-127)
1088 0 = /dev/sddi 113th SCSI disk whole disk
1089 16 = /dev/sddj 114th SCSI disk whole disk
1090 32 = /dev/sddk 115th SCSI disk whole disk
1092 240 = /dev/sddx 128th SCSI disk whole disk
1094 Partitions are handled in the same way as for IDE
1095 disks (see major number 3) except that the limit on
1098 72 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card - alternate devices
1099 0 = /dev/cuf0 Callout device corresponding to ttyF0
1100 1 = /dev/cuf1 Callout device corresponding to ttyF1
1102 63 = /dev/cuf63 Callout device corresponding to ttyF63
1103 64 = /dev/cuf64 Callout device corresponding to ttyF64
1104 65 = /dev/cuf65 Callout device corresponding to ttyF65
1106 127 = /dev/cuf127 Callout device corresponding to ttyF127
1107 128 = /dev/cuf128 Callout device corresponding to ttyF128
1108 129 = /dev/cuf129 Callout device corresponding to ttyF129
1110 191 = /dev/cuf191 Callout device corresponding to ttyF191
1111 192 = /dev/cuf192 Callout device corresponding to ttyF192
1112 193 = /dev/cuf193 Callout device corresponding to ttyF193
1114 255 = /dev/cuf255 Callout device corresponding to ttyF255
1116 73 char Computone IntelliPort II serial card - control devices
1117 0 = /dev/ip2ipl0 Loadware device for board 0
1118 1 = /dev/ip2stat0 Status device for board 0
1119 4 = /dev/ip2ipl1 Loadware device for board 1
1120 5 = /dev/ip2stat1 Status device for board 1
1121 8 = /dev/ip2ipl2 Loadware device for board 2
1122 9 = /dev/ip2stat2 Status device for board 2
1123 12 = /dev/ip2ipl3 Loadware device for board 3
1124 13 = /dev/ip2stat3 Status device for board 3
1127 0 = /dev/SCI/0 SCI device 0
1128 1 = /dev/SCI/1 SCI device 1
1131 Currently for Dolphin Interconnect Solutions' PCI-SCI
1134 75 char Specialix IO8+ serial card
1135 0 = /dev/ttyW0 First IO8+ port, first card
1136 1 = /dev/ttyW1 Second IO8+ port, first card
1138 8 = /dev/ttyW8 First IO8+ port, second card
1141 76 char Specialix IO8+ serial card - alternate devices
1142 0 = /dev/cuw0 Callout device corresponding to ttyW0
1143 1 = /dev/cuw1 Callout device corresponding to ttyW1
1145 8 = /dev/cuw8 Callout device corresponding to ttyW8
1148 77 char ComScire Quantum Noise Generator
1149 0 = /dev/qng ComScire Quantum Noise Generator
1151 78 char PAM Software's multimodem boards
1152 0 = /dev/ttyM0 First PAM modem
1153 1 = /dev/ttyM1 Second PAM modem
1156 79 char PAM Software's multimodem boards - alternate devices
1157 0 = /dev/cum0 Callout device corresponding to ttyM0
1158 1 = /dev/cum1 Callout device corresponding to ttyM1
1161 80 char Photometrics AT200 CCD camera
1162 0 = /dev/at200 Photometrics AT200 CCD camera
1165 0 = /dev/video0 Video capture/overlay device
1167 63 = /dev/video63 Video capture/overlay device
1168 64 = /dev/radio0 Radio device
1170 127 = /dev/radio63 Radio device
1171 192 = /dev/vtx0 Teletext device
1173 223 = /dev/vtx31 Teletext device
1174 224 = /dev/vbi0 Vertical blank interrupt
1176 255 = /dev/vbi31 Vertical blank interrupt
1178 82 char WiNRADiO communications receiver card
1179 0 = /dev/winradio0 First WiNRADiO card
1180 1 = /dev/winradio1 Second WiNRADiO card
1183 The driver and documentation may be obtained from
1184 http://www.proximity.com.au/~brian/winradio/
1186 83 char Teletext/videotext interfaces
1187 0 = /dev/vtx Teletext decoder
1188 16 = /dev/vttuner TV tuner on teletext interface
1190 Devices for the driver contained in the VideoteXt package.
1191 More information on http://home.pages.de/~videotext/
1193 84 char Ikon 1011[57] Versatec Greensheet Interface
1194 0 = /dev/ihcp0 First Greensheet port
1195 1 = /dev/ihcp1 Second Greensheet port
1197 85 char Linux/SGI shared memory input queue
1198 0 = /dev/shmiq Master shared input queue
1199 1 = /dev/qcntl0 First device pushed
1200 2 = /dev/qcntl1 Second device pushed
1203 86 char SCSI media changer
1204 0 = /dev/sch0 First SCSI media changer
1205 1 = /dev/sch1 Second SCSI media changer
1208 87 char Sony Control-A1 stereo control bus
1209 0 = /dev/controla0 First device on chain
1210 1 = /dev/controla1 Second device on chain
1213 88 char COMX synchronous serial card
1214 0 = /dev/comx0 COMX channel 0
1215 1 = /dev/comx1 COMX channel 1
1218 block Seventh IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1219 0 = /dev/hdm Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1220 64 = /dev/hdn Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1222 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1223 interface (see major number 3).
1225 89 char I2C bus interface
1226 0 = /dev/i2c0 First I2C adapter
1227 1 = /dev/i2c1 Second I2C adapter
1230 block Eighth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1231 0 = /dev/hdo Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1232 64 = /dev/hdp Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1234 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1235 interface (see major number 3).
1237 90 char Memory Technology Device (RAM, ROM, Flash)
1238 0 = /dev/mtd0 First MTD (rw)
1239 1 = /dev/mtdr0 First MTD (ro)
1241 30 = /dev/mtd15 16th MTD (rw)
1242 31 = /dev/mtdr15 16th MTD (ro)
1244 block Ninth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1245 0 = /dev/hdq Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1246 64 = /dev/hdr Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1248 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1249 interface (see major number 3).
1251 91 char CAN-Bus devices
1252 0 = /dev/can0 First CAN-Bus controller
1253 1 = /dev/can1 Second CAN-Bus controller
1256 block Tenth IDE hard disk/CD-ROM interface
1257 0 = /dev/hds Master: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1258 64 = /dev/hdt Slave: whole disk (or CD-ROM)
1260 Partitions are handled the same way as for the first
1261 interface (see major number 3).
1263 92 char Reserved for ith Kommunikationstechnik MIC ISDN card
1265 93 char IBM Smart Capture Card frame grabber
1266 0 = /dev/iscc0 First Smart Capture Card
1267 1 = /dev/iscc1 Second Smart Capture Card
1269 128 = /dev/isccctl0 First Smart Capture Card control
1270 129 = /dev/isccctl1 Second Smart Capture Card control
1273 94 char miroVIDEO DC10/30 capture/playback device
1274 0 = /dev/dcxx0 First capture card
1275 1 = /dev/dcxx1 Second capture card
1279 0 = /dev/ipl Filter control device/log file
1280 1 = /dev/ipnat NAT control device/log file
1281 2 = /dev/ipstate State information log file
1282 3 = /dev/ipauth Authentication control device/log file
1284 96 char Parallel port ATAPI tape devices
1285 0 = /dev/pt0 First parallel port ATAPI tape
1286 1 = /dev/pt1 Second parallel port ATAPI tape
1287 2 = /dev/pt2 Third parallel port ATAPI tape
1288 3 = /dev/pt3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI tape
1289 128 = /dev/npt0 First p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind
1290 129 = /dev/npt1 Second p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind
1291 130 = /dev/npt2 Third p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind
1292 131 = /dev/npt3 Fourth p.p. ATAPI tape, no rewind
1294 97 char Parallel port generic ATAPI interface
1295 0 = /dev/pg0 First parallel port ATAPI device
1296 1 = /dev/pg1 Second parallel port ATAPI device
1297 2 = /dev/pg2 Third parallel port ATAPI device
1298 3 = /dev/pg3 Fourth parallel port ATAPI device
1300 These devices support the same API as the generic SCSI
1303 98 char Control and Measurement Device (comedi)
1304 0 = /dev/comedi0 First comedi device
1305 1 = /dev/comedi1 Second comedi device
1308 See http://stm.lbl.gov/comedi or http://www.llp.fu-berlin.de/.
1310 99 char Raw parallel ports
1311 0 = /dev/parport0 First parallel port
1312 1 = /dev/parport1 Second parallel port
1315 100 char POTS (analogue telephone) A/B port
1316 0 = /dev/phone0 First telephone port
1317 1 = /dev/phone1 Second telephone port
1320 101 char Motorola DSP 56xxx board
1321 0 = /dev/mdspstat Status information
1322 1 = /dev/mdsp1 First DSP board I/O controls
1324 16 = /dev/mdsp16 16th DSP board I/O controls
1326 102 char Philips SAA5249 Teletext signal decoder
1327 0 = /dev/tlk0 First Teletext decoder
1328 1 = /dev/tlk1 Second Teletext decoder
1329 2 = /dev/tlk2 Third Teletext decoder
1330 3 = /dev/tlk3 Fourth Teletext decoder
1332 103 char Arla network file system
1333 0 = /dev/xfs0 Arla XFS
1335 Arla is a free clone of the Andrew File System, AFS.
1336 Any resemblance with the Swedish milk producer is
1337 coincidental. For more information about the project,
1338 write to <arla-drinkers@stacken.kth.se> or subscribe
1339 to the arla announce mailing list by sending a mail to
1340 <arla-announce-request@stacken.kth.se>.
1342 104 char Flash BIOS support
1344 105 char Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller
1345 0 = /dev/ttyV0 First VS-1000 port
1346 1 = /dev/ttyV1 Second VS-1000 port
1349 106 char Comtrol VS-1000 serial controller - alternate devices
1350 0 = /dev/cuv0 First VS-1000 port
1351 1 = /dev/cuv1 Second VS-1000 port
1354 107 char 3Dfx Voodoo Graphics device
1355 0 = /dev/3dfx Primary 3Dfx graphics device
1357 108 char Device independent PPP interface
1358 0 = /dev/ppp Device independent PPP interface
1360 109 char Reserved for logical volume manager
1362 110 char miroMEDIA Surround board
1363 0 = /dev/srnd0 First miroMEDIA Surround board
1364 1 = /dev/srnd1 Second miroMEDIA Surround board
1369 120-127 LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
1371 128-135 char Unix98 PTY masters
1373 These devices should not have corresponding device
1374 nodes; instead they should be accessed through the
1375 /dev/ptmx cloning interface.
1377 136-143 char Unix98 PTY slaves
1378 0 = /dev/pts/0 First Unix98 pseudo-TTY
1379 1 = /dev/pts/1 Second Unix98 pesudo-TTY
1381 These device nodes are automatically generated with
1382 the proper permissions and modes by mounting the
1383 devpts filesystem onto /dev/pts with the appropriate
1384 mount options (distribution dependent).
1388 240-254 LOCAL/EXPERIMENTAL USE
1392 This major is reserved to assist the expansion to a
1393 larger number space. No device nodes with this major
1394 should ever be created on the filesystem.
1396 **** ADDITIONAL /dev DIRECTORY ENTRIES
1398 This section details additional entries that should or may exist in
1399 the /dev directory. It is preferred that symbolic links use the same
1400 form (absolute or relative) as is indicated here. Links are
1401 classified as "hard" or "symbolic" depending on the preferred type of
1402 link; if possible, the indicated type of link should be used.
1407 These links should exist on all systems:
1409 /dev/fd /proc/self/fd symbolic File descriptors
1410 /dev/stdin fd/0 symbolic stdin file descriptor
1411 /dev/stdout fd/1 symbolic stdout file descriptor
1412 /dev/stderr fd/2 symbolic stderr file descriptor
1413 /dev/nfsd socksys symbolic Required by iBCS-2
1414 /dev/X0R null symbolic Required by iBCS-2
1416 Note: the last device is <letter X>-<digit 0>-<letter R>.
1420 It is recommended that these links exist on all systems:
1422 /dev/core /proc/kcore symbolic Backward compatibility
1423 /dev/ramdisk ram0 symbolic Backward compatibility
1424 /dev/ftape qft0 symbolic Backward compatibility
1425 /dev/bttv0 video0 symbolic Backward compatibility
1426 /dev/radio radio0 symbolic Backward compatibility
1427 /dev/scd? sr? hard Alternate SCSI CD-ROM name
1429 Locally defined links
1431 The following links may be established locally to conform to the
1432 configuration of the system. This is merely a tabulation of existing
1433 practice, and does not constitute a recommendation. However, if they
1434 exist, they should have the following uses.
1436 /dev/mouse mouse port symbolic Current mouse device
1437 /dev/tape tape device symbolic Current tape device
1438 /dev/cdrom CD-ROM device symbolic Current CD-ROM device
1439 /dev/cdwriter CD-writer symbolic Current CD-writer device
1440 /dev/scanner scanner symbolic Current scanner device
1441 /dev/modem modem port symbolic Current dialout device
1442 /dev/root root device symbolic Current root filesystem
1443 /dev/swap swap device symbolic Current swap device
1445 /dev/modem should not be used for a modem which supports dialin as
1446 well as dialout, as it tends to cause lock file problems. If it
1447 exists, /dev/modem should point to the appropriate primary TTY device
1448 (the use of the alternate callout devices is deprecated).
1450 For SCSI devices, /dev/tape and /dev/cdrom should point to the
1451 ``cooked'' devices (/dev/st* and /dev/sr*, respectively), whereas
1452 /dev/cdwriter and /dev/scanner should point to the appropriate generic
1453 SCSI devices (/dev/sg*).
1455 /dev/mouse may point to a primary serial TTY device, a hardware mouse
1456 device, or a socket for a mouse driver program (e.g. /dev/gpmdata).
1460 Non-transient sockets and named pipes may exist in /dev. Common entries are:
1462 /dev/printer socket lpd local socket
1463 /dev/log socket syslog local socket
1464 /dev/gpmdata socket gpm mouse multiplexer
1467 **** TERMINAL DEVICES
1469 Terminal, or TTY devices are a special class of character devices. A
1470 terminal device is any device that could act as a controlling terminal
1471 for a session; this includes virtual consoles, serial ports, and
1472 pseudoterminals (PTYs).
1474 All terminal devices share a common set of capabilities known as line
1475 diciplines; these include the common terminal line dicipline as well
1476 as SLIP and PPP modes.
1478 All terminal devices are named similarly; this section explains the
1479 naming and use of the various types of TTYs. Note that the naming
1480 conventions include several historical warts; some of these are
1481 Linux-specific, some were inherited from other systems, and some
1482 reflect Linux outgrowing a borrowed convention.
1484 A hash mark (#) in a device name is used here to indicate a decimal
1485 number without leading zeroes.
1487 Virtual consoles and the console device
1489 Virtual consoles are full-screen terminal displays on the system video
1490 monitor. Virtual consoles are named /dev/tty#, with numbering
1491 starting at /dev/tty1; /dev/tty0 is the current virtual console.
1492 /dev/tty0 is the device that should be used to access the system video
1493 card on those architectures for which the frame buffer devices
1494 (/dev/fb*) are not applicable. Do not use /dev/console
1497 The console device, /dev/console, is the device to which system
1498 messages should be sent, and on which logins should be permitted in
1499 single-user mode. Starting with Linux 2.1.71, /dev/console is managed
1500 by the kernel; for previous versions it should be a symbolic link to
1501 either /dev/tty0, a specific virtual console such as /dev/tty1, or to
1502 a serial port primary (tty*, not cu*) device, depending on the
1503 configuration of the system.
1507 Serial ports are RS-232 serial ports and any device which simulates
1508 one, either in hardware (such as internal modems) or in software (such
1509 as the ISDN driver.) Under Linux, each serial ports has two device
1510 names, the primary or callin device and the alternate or callout one.
1511 Each kind of device is indicated by a different letter. For any
1512 letter X, the names of the devices are /dev/ttyX# and /dev/cux#,
1513 respectively; for historical reasons, /dev/ttyS# and /dev/ttyC#
1514 correspond to /dev/cua# and /dev/cub#. In the future, it should be
1515 expected that multiple letters will be used; all letters will be upper
1516 case for the "tty" device (e.g. /dev/ttyDP#) and lower case for the
1517 "cu" device (e.g. /dev/cudp#).
1519 The names /dev/ttyQ# and /dev/cuq# are reserved for local use.
1521 The alternate devices provide for kernel-based exclusion and somewhat
1522 different defaults than the primary devices. Their main purpose is to
1523 allow the use of serial ports with programs with no inherent or broken
1524 support for serial ports. Their use is deprecated, and they may be
1525 removed from a future version of Linux.
1527 Arbitration of serial ports is provided by the use of lock files with
1528 the names /var/lock/LCK..ttyX#. The contents of the lock file should
1529 be the PID of the locking process as an ASCII number.
1531 It is common practice to install links such as /dev/modem
1532 which point to serial ports. In order to ensure proper locking in the
1533 presence of these links, it is recommended that software chase
1534 symlinks and lock all possible names; additionally, it is recommended
1535 that a lock file be installed with the corresponding alternate
1536 device. In order to avoid deadlocks, it is recommended that the locks
1537 are acquired in the following order, and released in the reverse:
1539 1. The symbolic link name, if any (/var/lock/LCK..modem)
1540 2. The "tty" name (/var/lock/LCK..ttyS2)
1541 3. The alternate device name (/var/lock/LCK..cua2)
1543 In the case of nested symbolic links, the lock files should be
1544 installed in the order the symlinks are resolved.
1546 Under no circumstances should an application hold a lock while waiting
1547 for another to be released. In addition, applications which attempt
1548 to create lock files for the corresponding alternate device names
1549 should take into account the possibility of being used on a non-serial
1550 port TTY, for which no alternate device would exist.
1552 Pseudoterminals (PTYs)
1554 Pseudoterminals, or PTYs, are used to create login sessions or provide
1555 other capabilities requiring a TTY line dicipline (including SLIP or
1556 PPP capability) to arbitrary data-generation processes. Each PTY has
1557 a master side, named /dev/pty[p-za-e][0-9a-f], and a slave side, named
1558 /dev/tty[p-za-e][0-9a-f]. The kernel arbitrates the use of PTYs by
1559 allowing each master side to be opened only once.
1561 Once the master side has been opened, the corresponding slave device
1562 can be used in the same manner as any TTY device. The master and
1563 slave devices are connected by the kernel, generating the equivalent
1564 of a bidirectional pipe with TTY capabilities.
1566 Recent versions of the Linux kernels and GNU libc contain support for
1567 the System V/Unix98 naming scheme for PTYs, which assigns a common
1568 device, /dev/ptmx, to all the masters (opening it will automatically
1569 give you a previously unassigned PTY) and a subdirectory, /dev/pts,
1570 for the slaves; the slaves are named with decimal integers (/dev/pts/#
1571 in our notation). This removes the problem of exhausting the
1572 namespace and enables the kernel to automatically create the device
1573 nodes for the slaves on demand using the "devpts" filesystem.