3 Definitions of Fundamental Physical Constants
4 CODATA Recommended Values
9 This package defines many fundamental physical quantities, using the CODATA
10 definitions. In order to load the package, type:
12 (C1) load("physconst.mac");
14 This will load the package. If you use a defined value in a calculation, you
15 will not see the numerical value unless you specifically tell Maxima to output
16 it. For example, if we wish to calculate E=mc^2 for a specific m:
25 3.14564312557886E+18 kg m
26 (D7) --------------------------
30 Note the use of %m instead of m for mass. This avoids any confusion between the
31 unit meters and the mass. Although in this case Maxima would have done what you
32 expected, it is a good habit not to include names in equations that are the same
33 as unit names, in case you make a mistake in choosing variables
35 The Relative Standard Uncertainty (RSU) is included where relevant. To get the
36 RSU associated with a particular variable, use the get command. For example, if
37 you wanted the RSU for the Rydberg constant:
43 Here is a list of the defined constants:
45 Quantity Maxima Symbol
46 ------------------------------------------------------------------
47 speed of light in vacuum: %%c %c_0
49 magnetic constant: %u_0 %mu_0
51 electric constant: %e_0 %epsilon_0
53 characteristic impedance of vacuum: %Z_0
55 Newtonian constant of gravitation: %G
59 Planck constant in eVs: %h_eV
71 Electromagnetic Constants
72 ------------------------------------------------------------------------
73 elementary charge: %%e
75 magnetic flux quantum: %capitalphi_0 %mfq_0
77 conductance quantum: %G_0
79 Josephson constant: %K_J
81 von Klitzing constant: %R_K
85 Bohr magneton in eV T-1: %ueVT_B
87 nuclear magneton: %u_N
89 nuclear magneton in eV T-1: %ueVT_N
92 Atomic and Nuclear Constants:
94 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
96 fine-structure constant: %alpha
98 Rydberg constant: %Ry %Ry_INF
103 Hartree energy in eV: %Eev_h
105 quantum of circulation h/(2me): %qcir2
106 quantum of circulation h/(me): %qcir
109 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
111 Fermi coupling constant: %Fcc
113 weak mixing angled W (on-shell scheme): %wma_W
116 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
119 electron mass (electron relative
120 atomic mass times u): %m_e_u
122 electron mass - energy equivalent: %me_J
124 electron mass - energy equivalent in MeV: %me_MeV
126 electron-muon mass ratio: %memu
128 electron-tau mass ratio: %metau
130 electron-proton mass ratio: %memp
132 electron-neutron mass ratio: %memn
134 electron-deuteron mass ratio: %memd
136 electron to alpha particle mass ratio: %memalpha
138 electron charge to mass quotient: %echargeemass
140 electron molar mass: %Molar_e
142 Compton wavelength: %lambdaC
144 classical electron radius: %r_e
146 Thomson cross section: %sigma_e
148 electron magnetic moment: %u_e
150 electron magnetic moment to Bohr
151 magneton ratio: %ueuB
153 electron magnetic moment to nuclear
154 magneton ratio: %ueuN
156 electron magnetic moment anomaly |ue|/uB - 1: %a_e
158 electron g-factor: %g_e
160 electron-muon magnetic moment ratio: %ueuu
162 electron-proton magnetic moment ratio : %ueup
164 electron to shielded proton magnetic
165 moment ratio (H2O, sphere, 25 C): %ueusp
167 electron-neutron magnetic moment ratio: %ueun
169 electron-deuteron magnetic moment ratio: %ueud
171 electron to shielded helione magnetic
172 moment ratio (gas, sphere, 25 C): %ueush
174 electron gyromagnetic ratio: %gamma_e
177 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
180 muon mass in muon relative atomic
183 energy equivalent: %muc2_J
184 energy equivalent in MeV: %muc2_MeV
186 muon-electron mass ratio: %mume
188 muon-tau mass ratio: %mum
190 muon-proton mass ratio: %mump
192 muon-neutron mass ratio: %mumn
194 muon molar mass: %Molar_u
196 muon Compton wavelength: %lambda_C_u
198 muon magnetic moment: %uu
200 ratio of muon magnetic moment to Bohr
201 magneton ratio: %uuuB
203 ratio of muon magnetic moment to nuclear
204 magneton ratio: %uuuN
206 muon magnetic moment anomaly: %a_u
208 muon g-factor -2(1 + au): %g_u
210 muon-proton magnetic moment ratio: %uuup
213 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
216 tau mass (tau relative atomic mass times u): %mu_tau
218 tau mass energy equivalent: %mtauc2_J
220 tau mass energy equivalent in MeV: %mtauc2_MeV
222 tau-electron mass ratio: %mtaume
224 tau-muon mass ratio: %mtaumu
226 tau-proton mass ratio: %mtaump
228 tau-neutron mass ratio: %mtaumn
230 tau molar mass: %Molar_tau
232 tau Compton wavelength: %lambda_C_tau
235 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
238 proton mass (proton relative atomic
241 energy equivalent: %mpc2_J
242 energy equivalent in MeV: %mpc2_MeV
244 proton-electron mass ratio: %mpme
246 proton-muon mass ratio: %mpmu
248 proton-tau mass ratio: %mpmtau
250 proton-neutron mass ratio: %mpmn
252 proton charge to mass quotient: %emp
254 proton molar mass: %Molar_p
256 proton Compton wavelength h/mpc: %lambda_C_p
258 proton magnetic moment: %up
260 proton magnetic moment to Bohr
261 magneton ratio: %upuB
263 proton magnetic moment to nuclear
264 magneton ratio: %upuN
266 proton g-factor 2up/uN: %g_p
268 proton-neutron magnetic moment ratio: %upun
270 shielded proton magnetic moment
271 (H2O, sphere, 25 C): %usp
273 shielded proton magnetic moment to Bohr
274 magneton ratio: %uspuB
276 shielded proton magnetic moment to nuclear
277 magneton ratio: %uspuN
279 proton magnetic shielding correction
280 (H2O, sphere, 25 C): %spc
282 proton gyromagnetic ratio: %gamma_p
284 shielded proton gyromagnetic ratio
285 (H2O, sphere, 25 C): %gamma_sp
288 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
291 neutron mass (neutron relative atomic
294 neutron mass energy equivalent: %mnc2_J
296 neutron mass energy equivalent in MeV: %mnc2_MeV
298 neutron-electron mass ratio: %mnme
300 neutron-muon mass ratio: %mnmu
302 neutron-tau mass ratio: %mnm
304 neutron-proton mass ratio: %mnmp
306 neutron molar mass: %Molar_n
308 neutron Compton wavelength: %lambda_C_n
310 neutron magnetic moment: %un
312 neutron magnetic moment to Bohr
313 magneton ratio: %unuB
315 neutron magnetic moment to nuclear
316 magneton ratio: %unuN
318 neutron g-factor: %g_n
320 neutron-electron magnetic moment ratio: %unue
322 neutron-proton magnetic moment ratio: %unup
324 neutron to shielded proton magnetic
325 moment ratio (H2O, sphere, 25 C): %unusp
327 neutron gyromagnetic ratio: %gamma_n
330 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
334 deuteron mass (deuteron relative atomic
337 deuteron mass energy equivalent: %mdc2_J
339 deuteron mass energy equivalent in MeV: %mdc2_eV
341 deuteron-electron mass ratio: %mdme
343 deuteron-proton mass ratio: %mdmp
345 deuteron molar mass: %Molar_d
347 deuteron magnetic moment: %ud
349 deuteron magnetic moment to Bohr
350 magneton ratio: %uduB
352 deuteron magnetic moment to nuclear
353 magneton ratio: %uduN
355 deuteron-electron magnetic moment ratio: %udue
357 deuteron-proton magnetic moment ratio: %udup
359 deuteron-neutron magnetic moment ratio: %udun
362 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
366 helion mass (helion relative atomic
369 helion mass energy equivalent: %mhc2_J
370 helion mass energy equivalent in MeV: %mhc2_MeV
372 helion-electron mass ratio: %mhme
374 helion-proton mass ratio: %mhmp
376 helion molar mass: %Molar_h
378 shielded helion magnetic moment
379 (gas, sphere, 25 C): %ush
381 shielded helion magnetic moment to Bohr
382 magneton ratio: %ushuB
384 shielded helion magnetic moment to nuclear
385 magneton ratio: %ushuN
387 shielded helion to proton magnetic
388 moment ratio (gas, sphere, 25 C): %ushup
390 shielded helion to shielded proton magnetic
391 moment ratio (gas/H2O, spheres, 25 C): %ushusp
393 shielded helion gyromagnetic
394 (gas, sphere, 25 C): %gamma_h
397 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
399 alpha particle mass: %m_alpha
400 alpha particle mass (alpha particle
401 relative atomic mass times u): %mu_alpha
403 alpha particle mass energy equivalent: %malphac2_J
405 alpha particle mass energy equivalent in MeV: %malphac2_MeV
407 alpha particle to electron mass ratio: %malphame
409 alpha particle to proton mass ratio: %malphamp
411 alpha particle molar mass: %Molar_alpha
414 -------------------------------------------------------------------------
416 Avogadro constant: %N_A %L
419 mu = 112m(12C) = 1 u = 10E-3 kg mol-1/NA: %m_u
421 energy equivalent of the atomic mass constant: %muc2_J
423 energy equivalent of the atomic mass
424 constant in MeV: %muc2_MeV
426 Faraday constant: %%F
428 molar Planck constant: %N_Ah
430 molar gas constant: %%R
432 Boltzmann constant: %k_J
434 Boltzmann constant in eV: %k_eV
436 Loschmidt constant NA/Vm: %n_0
438 molar volume of ideal gas RT/p
439 T = 273.15 K, p = 101.325 kPa: %Vm_1
440 molar volume of ideal gas RT/p
441 T = 273.15 K, p = 100 kPa: %Vm_2
444 Sackur-Tetrode constant (absolute entropy constant):
445 T1 = 1 K, p0 = 100 kPa: %S_0R_1
446 T1 = 1 K, p0 = 101.325 kPa: %S_0R_2
448 Stefan-Boltzmann constant: %sigma
450 first radiation constant: %c_1
452 first radiation constant for
453 spectral radiance: %c_1L
455 second radiation constant: %c_2
457 Wien displacement law constant: %b