Remove [Courses] from lesson names/post subjects

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From mary@home.puzzling.org  Sun Sep 18 10:08:47 2005
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Date: Sun, 18 Sep 2005 10:09:11 +1000
From: Mary <mary-linuxchix@puzzling.org>
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Hi everyone,

Welcome to the course on tools for participating in Free Software. This
is the first post, and is purely administrivia. You're welcome to start
asking questions about course content and so on now. If there's anything
you'd particularly like to see covered under a planned lession, please
post about it.

--- Lesson format and availability ---

Lessons will be mailing list posts to the LinuxChix courses list.
Lessons will be archived with the list mail at
http://mailman.linuxchix.org/pipermail/courses/ and will also be
available from http://www.linuxchix.org/content/courses/tools/

--- Participating ---

You participate in this course just like you'd participate in any other
mailing list thread. You can ask questions, add extra information,
express an opinion or disagree like in other discussions. The only
difference is that there will be a scheduled post to start up
discussion. Other people reading who know the answer to someone's
question are welcome to post.

Later in the course there's likely to be "homework": exercises you can
do to develop your understanding. People will be encouraged to post
solutions, so you may wish not to read the thread until you've tried the
exercises.

However, there is one technical detail: PLEASE include the string
"[Tools]" in the subject of any post to the list about this course, so
that people can opt out of receiving this course if they're only reading
for another course. If you're replying, it will get included
automatically.

--- License ---

At the end of the course, I'll edit and republish all the lessons and
make them available under a distribute-and-modify license, probably
Creative Commons Sharealike. Until then, you're welcome to pass around
links to http://www.linuxchix.org/content/courses/tools/

--- Lesson plan ---

As per the announcement, the posting schedule is:

 Sun Sept 18: Introduction and overview

 Thu Sept 22: Ways you can contribute to Free Software (code, documentation,
 user help, artwork...)

 Sun Sept 25: Coordination tools: bug trackers and mailing lists

 Thu Sept 29: Community tools: Chat programs, blogging and conferences.

[Now we get to the meaty stuff with version control, so I'm going to
post once a week from here on.]

 Thu Oct 6: an introduction to version control 1: what problem does it
 solve?

 Thu Oct 13: an introduction to version control 2: concepts (versions,
 checking out, committing, respositories)

 Thu Oct 20: introduction to our three VCSs: CVS, Subversion and Bazaar
 (version 2)

 Thu Oct 27: checking out, making a change, and committing it

 Thu Nov 3: conflicts: what happens when your changes clash?

 Thu Nov 10: setting up your own repository

[from here on, we'll be working exclusively with Bazaar 2]

 Thu Nov 17: an introduction to version control 3: distributed version
 control

 Thu Nov 24: simple distributed version control with Bazaar

-Mary

From mary@home.puzzling.org  Thu Sep 22 10:55:32 2005
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Date: Thu, 22 Sep 2005 10:55:38 +1000
From: Mary <mary-linuxchix@puzzling.org>
To: courses@linuxchix.org
Subject: Re: [Courses] [Tools] Introduction to "tools for participating in
        Free Software"
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[This message will be posted twice, with and without the "[Tools]"
marker. People replying might like to tell me how many times they
received it too.]

On Sun, Sep 18, 2005, Mary wrote:
> Hi everyone,
> 
> Welcome to the course on tools for participating in Free Software. This
> is the first post, and is purely administrivia. You're welcome to start
> asking questions about course content and so on now. If there's anything
> you'd particularly like to see covered under a planned lession, please
> post about it.

Hi,

Can people who received the parent mail (archive at
http://mailman.linuxchix.org/pipermail/courses/2005-September/001943.html)
please contact me off-list? There have been a lot of people who said
they didn't get it, and so far I haven't heard from *anyone* who did.

-Mary

From mary@home.puzzling.org  Thu Sep 22 16:30:35 2005
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Date: Thu, 22 Sep 2005 16:31:04 +1000
From: Mary <mary-linuxchix@puzzling.org>
To: courses@linuxchix.org
Subject: Re: [Courses] [Tools] Introduction to "tools for participating in
        Free Software"
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On Thu, Sep 22, 2005, Mary wrote:
> Can people who received the parent mail (archive at
> http://mailman.linuxchix.org/pipermail/courses/2005-September/001943.html)
> please contact me off-list? There have been a lot of people who said
> they didn't get it, and so far I haven't heard from *anyone* who did.

Ok, thanks for letting me know everyone. The story was that some list
members weren't getting the messages even though they thought they had
the right settings. I don't need any more replies from people.

Thanks again,

Mary

From mary@home.puzzling.org  Fri Sep 23 22:33:25 2005
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This post is the second 'lesson' in the Participating in Free Software
LinuxChix course. You can find previous lessons at
http://www.linuxchix.org/content/courses/tools/ . Questions and
discussion are welcome, please make sure the string "[Tools]" is in the
subject of your mail.

This lesson is an overview of ways you can contribute to Free Software
development. The goal of this lesson is to provide some context for why
you might want to learn about the tools I'm going to describe later in
the course.

I have a much longer, and perpetually unfinished, detailed set of
suggestions at http://users.puzzling.org/users/mary/HOWTO/Free/ [1]. In
this lesson I'm going to ignore the question of other resources (money,
hardware, that kind of thing) and discuss the different ways that you
can help actually build Free Software.

1. Code

Code is the archetypical contribution to Free Software -- it is software
after all. Contributing code to Free Software divides loosely along the
following lines:

 1.1 Contributing features: adding new capabilities to the software.

 1.2 Fixing bugs: repairing broken bits of the software

There are also slightly less well known (to outsiders and newcomers)
code related tasks:

 1.3 Maintainence: being responsible overall for the ongoing code
     direction, which may involve keeping a consistent design and
     feature philosophy, managing dependencies on different bits of
     code, releasing the software and mentoring new contributors.

 1.4 Review: checking existing code and proposed new code for
     consistency, readability, maintainability and correctness.

Coding on a project requires that you know how to or are able to learn
to program in the software's implementation language. Some coding tasks
will require software design skills, user interface design skills and
ability to evaluate proposed features and changes in light of a
project's goals.

2. Documentation

Documentation is usually considered the most neglected part of Free
Software, although this varies a lot by project. There are two major
types of documentation: technical documentation aimed at contributers,
maintainers, packagers and programming users (if you are writing a code
library -- code for other coders to use); and user documentation aimed
at end users. Some documentation tasks are:

 2.1 Writing documentation.

 2.2 Reviewing/editing documentation. Reviewing and editing ranges from
     grammar and spelling feedback to checking that it is readable,
     readily comprehensible, correct and complete.

3. Development feedback

Development feedback is usually provided by users who have a particular
interest in that project, enough interest that they're willing to spend
time reporting problems or ideas to the developers.

 3.1 Bug reporting: telling developers about problems with the project.
     You can usually report bugs in all other aspects of the software:
     not only the program but the documentation, the artwork, the
     translations and so on. Bug reporting systems are usually used to
     report both existing problems and to request additions. Many
     developers also use them as todo lists and file bugs themselves.

 3.2 User testing: in some software development setups, this is a fairly
     formal process in which users are given specific tasks to do
     ("change the clock from 12 hour to 24 hour time", say) and the
     tester notes the ways they attempt to do this, in order to find out
     if the software is easy to use. This is done haphazardly if at all
     by most Free Software projects, but larger desktop projects may
     appreciate a well organised and documented user test.

4. Packaging

Free Software operating system "distributions" typically bundle a great
deal of Free Software into one package and package versions of many Free
Software projects so that they work well together and provide a mostly
coherent user experience. Almost all packaging systems also track
dependenices (software you need to have installed before the current
software will work) and many distributions also have infrastructure
thatallowed semi-automated installation of packages.

The work required to take code from a project (referred to as "upstream"
by packagers) and make it suitable to be part of a distribution is
called packaging. Packaging can be a lot of work: the Debian project
currently has over 1000 volunteer packages taking Free Software and
putting it in Debian.

5. Artwork

Not all software requires artwork but some desktop software does, and
games sorely need it. The most common work is desktop theming of various
kinds, but software artwork can range from icons to 3D game avatars.

6. Internationalisation and localisation

An internationalised piece of software is one that is adaptable to
different languages and cultures. For example, if my software has a set
of error messages coded in that are in English, then it is not
internationalised, because it is not easy to produce a version of my
software with errors in other languages. In a more general case, if my
software displays writing and assumes that it goes left to right, my
software is not internationalised, because it won't display many
writing systems (eg Arabic) correctly.

Once a piece of software has been internationalised, it can be
localised: made usable by a particular culture or (usually) language
group. Localisation work includes:

 6.1 Translations. This can be of text within the program (like menus)
     or of documentation into a different language.

 6.2 Feedback on cultural and political appropriateness. This involves
     surveying the software for potentially offensive terms, gestures
     (icons sometimes use hand gestures that don't 'translate' well),
     images or suggestions that the developers might not be aware of
     because they're from a different culture. To give a real example,
     many projects have had trouble when including Taiwan in a list of
     countries in their software. Taiwan's status is incredibly
     politically sensitive, and implying that it is a country in its own
     right has caused some software projects weeks of internal strife.

7. Accessibility

Large projects have an increasing awareness of the needs of users with
different abilities. For example, pointer driven programs can be hard
for people without good fine motor skills to use, desktops need to be
usable by people with all manner of vision variations from red-green
colour blindness to a need for high contrast to a need for low contrast
[2]. Software can be improved by including hooks for different input and
output, such as software that reads a screen out loud to a blind user.
Accessibility work overlaps with a number of other tasks:

 7.1 Code accessible software or add accessibility to existing software.

 7.2 Test software and provide feedback about accessibility.

8. Community work

Most Free Software projects have a community surrounding them. In many
cases this replaces paid support for users with a community providing
help for free (limited by people's time and inclination). You can
contribute to the community by:

 8.1 Creating or maintaining community resources like mailing lists,
     forums and chat rooms.

 8.2 Participating in help forums and answering questions

 8.3 Using the community to spur future development, such as identifying
     and properly reporting common bugs, or documenting the answers to
     common questions.

I'm not going to cover prerequisite knowledge for many of these things
in this course (although you're welcome to ask). Most of what will be
covered is version control, used for storing and sharing digital work
(usually code and documentation). But in the next lesson we're going to
look at communication tools: bug trackers and mailing lists.

-Mary

[1] People occasionally ask if they can distribute the HOWTO. I intend
to finish it and submit it to the Linux Documentation under a Free
licence sometime soon, but you can pass around links to it.

[2] See
http://developer.gnome.org/projects/gup/hig/draft_hig_new/images/lowcontrast-theme.png
for what a low contrast desktop looks like.

From mary@home.puzzling.org  Mon Sep 26 22:54:48 2005
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Subject: [Courses] [Tools] Coordination tools: bug trackers and mailing lists
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This post is the third 'lesson' in the Participating in Free Software
LinuxChix course. You can find previous lessons at
http://www.linuxchix.org/content/courses/tools/ . Questions and
discussion are welcome, please make sure the string "[Tools]" is in the
subject of your mail.

In this section of the course I'm giving an overview of This lesson
describes two ways of collaborating on Free Software work: bug tracking
software and mailing lists, and typical ways of using them.

This is the first lesson with "homework". At the end of the section on
bug tracking software are a couple of tasks you can do to check your
understanding of the lesson. Feel free to post your solutions back to
the list immediately: there are multiple solutions. You can also ask for
help with them.

-- Bug tracking software --

Software projects generally tend to have pretty complex todo lists. A
number of specialised tools have developed to track these todo lists,
these are known collectively as "bug trackers" or "issue trackers".

The typical usage of a tracker is this:

 1. a person, sometimes a developer but most commonly a deeply involved
    community member such as a tester or enthusiastic user, files a new
    bug or issue.

    Sometimes this user will also file a "patch": some code that fixes
    the problem. This is unusual but valued.

    Bug trackers often track bug status, these bugs are often in status
    "new" or "unconfirmed" or similar.
    
 2. a person, usually a developer but sometimes a tester, takes the
    report and analyzes it. They analyze its status: maybe they can
    replicate the problem, maybe they can't. Perhaps the 'problem' that
    someone is complaining about is actually a deliberate choice.
    Sometimes, the bug has already been fixed in a newer version of the
    software. Sometimes the problem is extremely urgent: perhaps it is a
    security problem in the software, or the software is broken in a way
    that will affect a lot of users badly (eg, saved files are
    corrupted). Sometimes the problem is rarer and less urgent (eg
    saving a file sometimes takes 30s, but only in a particular set of
    rare circumstances). Sometimes the problem has already been
    reported. This process is known as "bug triage".
    
    The holy grail of bug reporting is the ability to file bugs that
    contain a useful, reliable, step-by-step procedure for getting the
    bug to happen all the time. This is a lot of work for the bug
    reporter, but bug triagers and bug fixers really appreciate it,
    because they can get straight to work without needing to go back and
    forth with you several times about the nature of the problem. I've
    collected hints for bug reporting at http://buglinks.org/

    After triage, a bug is usually in a "confirmed" or "assigned"
    (assigned to a developer to fix) status. Rejected bugs may be marked
    "not reproducible" or "duplicate" (of another bug) or "invalid"
    (it's not a bug, it's a feature, a misunderstanding or a bug in a
    different piece of software).

 3. a developer analyzes the problem and determines its source. They
    then decide whether they can fix it (if they can't replicate the
    problem reliably, this is a hard task) and whether they are willing
    to. If they are they will fix it and close the bugs.

    After a developer fixes the bug it is marked "resolved" or "done".
    Bugs rejected by developers might be marked "invalid" or "wontfix".

Almost all bug trackers are web applications, ie they are websites,
accessed through a browser. Bug titles and descriptions are entered into
a form and submitted.

Typically, bug trackers let you track the following things about a bug:

 1. Title: a short description of the bug

 2. Comments: a longer description of the bug including steps required
    to make it happen. Developers will then use comments to solicit more
    information, and in some bug trackers also to discuss the possibly
    solutions.

 3. Status: the state of the bug. Typical values are: new (just
    reported), assigned (assigned for fixing), resolved or fixed,
    invalid and duplicate.

 4. Cc list. This is a list of people who are following the bug, who
    will be emailed whenever the bug is updated by anyone.

 5. Attachments. These might be patches, screenshots of the problem in
    action, a corrupted saved file and so on.

They may also let you track other things, such as bug keywords, or time
estimations.

Usually although not always bug trackers for Free Software projects are
public and publicly editable. You can add bugs and update bugs simply by
registering on the website. Most typically a bug reporter will simply
report the bug, and then only edit the bug further when asked for more
information. This request is very common: the developer might ask
whether the bug is seen in a certain other set of circumstances ("does
it happen when you press Ctrl+s to save rather than using the menu?") or
whether a new release of the software fixes the bug for the user.
Sometimes they might change its status (such as when a developer claims
it is fixed but they are wrong) but usually this is the job of the bug
triager and the developer (in small projects, these are usually the same
person).

Bug reporting can be surrounded by a surprisingly opaque set of
etiquette for newcomers. The problem is conflicting user and developer
attitudes. The user has typically and understandably expected the
program to "just work". It's very frustrating when this doesn't happen,
and they have good reason to regard bugs they found as both annoying and
urgent. Developers on the other hand have typically sunk a lot of time
and thought into the development for usually no monetary gain and almost
always very little thanks. It's not uncommon to get moderately or even
extremely rude bug reports and this can aggravate developers quite a
lot.

Distributions *also* have bug trackers. This is because they customise a
significant amount of the software they distribute before bundling it up
in a distribution. They also may support particular versions of it that
the original authors no longer support (having moved onto new releases).
It's therefore usually a good idea to report bugs found in distribution
software to the distribution rather than to the original authors of the
project. The distribution will fix it themselves if its a problem with
their customisations, or they will pass it onto the original authors.
This also means that the distributions, which often have more resources
(including paid employees for some) than original authors, can do the
bug triage work before passing it on.

Bug tracking software includes:

 1. Bugzilla, the most common Free bug tracking system. This is a web
    based system.

 2. Debbugs: Debian's bug tracking system. This has a web interface but
    you report and update bugs via email.

There are some other less commonly used bug trackers and there are also
some non-Free bug trackers used by free projects, often associated with
Free Software portals like sourceforge.net, which has its own bug
tracking software which Sourceforge projects can use.

-- Homework for bug tracking --

Remember, you can ask if you need help with the homework!

1. This homework will use the Ubuntu Bugzilla. This bugzilla is located
   at https://bugzilla.ubuntu.com/ To answer these questions, post bug
   URLs to this list.

   1.1 Find a problem in firefox.

   1.2 Find a bug that has been filed but not confirmed. (In the Ubuntu
   Bugzilla, these are bugs marked NEEDINFO , you'll need to face down
   Bugzilla's Advanced search to search by status.)

   1.3 Find a bug that has been fixed (status RESOLVED).

   1.4 Find a bug that has been rejected (status WONTFIX)

2. This homework question assumes that you use a Free Software
   distribution (eg Fedora, Debian, Mandriva, FreeBSD, Ubuntu...) that
   has a public bug tracker. Ask for the URL if you're not sure. This
   question is more time consuming: remember, homework is not compulsory
   and partial answers are all good.

   2.1 Where is your distribution's bug tracker?

   2.2 Find a bug that has been filed against a piece of software you
       use. (Don't forget, ask if you can't figure out how to search.)

   2.3 See if you can replicate the bug described in 2.2. If not, why
       not? If so, can you see anything missing from the bug report?
       Tell us about it.

   2.4 Think of a problem you have with software on your distribution.
       See if you can find out whether a bug has been filed against it
       yet. (Tell us the search terms you used.) If there doesn't seem
       to be a bug, draft a bug report and send it to us, and we'll help
       you file it.

-- Mailing lists --

Mailing lists are, as you almost certainly know (since this courses list
is one) a central email address that goes to a bunch of interested
people. They're common collaboration tools in Free Software, usually the
backbone of day-to-day development work.

Much of the day-to-day action of medium sized Free Software projects
happens over discussion mailing lists, like this one. For most projects,
major directions will be discussed in email, often to the complete
exclusion of the bug tracker. If you intend to be regularly involved,
you'll spend much more time tracking the mailing list than the bug
tracker.

Using developer mailing lists is not any harder, conceptually, than
using this one. There are a few points to keep in mind:

 1. these lists are often at least occasionally high volume. If you
    intend to regularly participate, make sure you have an email setup
    that will let you deal with, say, fifty to one hundred emails a day
    without taking up enormous amounts of your time. (techtalk can help
    here, but essentially you need to be able to filter your mail and be
    able to skim subjects easily)

 2. unlike developer IRC and chat channels, they're almost always
    business-only. In projects where there is a separate developer
    mailing list, it should be used for development only, not for user
    questions and (usually) not even for bug reports, unless there is no
    bug tracker.

Large projects will generally have multiple lists:

 1. a user list: a list for "how do I do X?" questions, like LinuxChix's
    techtalk but for a particular piece of software

 2. an announce list: a very low traffic list for announcements like
    "there is a new version of our software"

 3. a developer list: a list for development discussion, as above

Very large projects, such as distributions, may have many other lists:

 1. sub project lists, like translation lists, packaging lists

 2. a security announce list, dedicated to announcing the release of
    software with fixed security problems

 3. lists in other languages than the main development language. It's
    uncommon to have many developer language lists, but common to have
    many user language lists

-Mary

From kproot@nerim.net  Tue Oct  4 01:23:27 2005
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Date: Mon, 3 Oct 2005 17:03:07 +0200 (CEST)
Subject: Re: [Courses] [Tools] Coordination tools: bug trackers and mailing 
        lists
From: "Karine Delvare" <kproot@nerim.net>
To: courses@linuxchix.org
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Thanks to Steven Walker for reminding me about homework - I had forgotten
I wanted to do it!

Mary, would you agree if I translate your lessons in french and publish
the results on my website?

> -- Homework for bug tracking --
>
> Remember, you can ask if you need help with the homework!
>
> 1. This homework will use the Ubuntu Bugzilla. This bugzilla is located
>    at https://bugzilla.ubuntu.com/ To answer these questions, post bug
>    URLs to this list.
>
>    1.1 Find a problem in firefox.

https://bugzilla.ubuntu.com/show_bug.cgi?id=3D15990

>    1.2 Find a bug that has been filed but not confirmed. (In the Ubuntu
>    Bugzilla, these are bugs marked NEEDINFO , you'll need to face down
>    Bugzilla's Advanced search to search by status.)

https://bugzilla.ubuntu.com/show_bug.cgi?id=3D1090

>    1.3 Find a bug that has been fixed (status RESOLVED).

https://bugzilla.ubuntu.com/show_bug.cgi?id=3D8

>    1.4 Find a bug that has been rejected (status WONTFIX)

https://bugzilla.ubuntu.com/show_bug.cgi?id=3D1721

> 2. This homework question assumes that you use a Free Software
>    distribution (eg Fedora, Debian, Mandriva, FreeBSD, Ubuntu...) that
>    has a public bug tracker. Ask for the URL if you're not sure. This
>    question is more time consuming: remember, homework is not compulsor=
y
>    and partial answers are all good.
>
>    2.1 Where is your distribution's bug tracker?

http://bugs.gentoo.org/

>    2.2 Find a bug that has been filed against a piece of software you
>        use. (Don't forget, ask if you can't figure out how to search.)

http://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=3D100518

>    2.3 See if you can replicate the bug described in 2.2. If not, why
>        not? If so, can you see anything missing from the bug report?
>        Tell us about it.

I cannot reproduce it. I don't have the same compilation options as the
reporter, but I doubt they have anything to do with that. Now I'm
impatient to know where the reporter's problem comes from :)

>    2.4 Think of a problem you have with software on your distribution.
>        See if you can find out whether a bug has been filed against it
>        yet. (Tell us the search terms you used.) If there doesn't seem
>        to be a bug, draft a bug report and send it to us, and we'll hel=
p
>        you file it.

After a firefox update, I couldn't download anything from the web anymore=
.
It happened twice (two different updates).

I searched for 'firefox download' with no result.
I searched for 'firefox' + comment 'download', got a lot of results but
couldn't find anything useful.
I was unable to reproduce the problem right now, so I'll save the bug
report for next time it happens (so I'll have the precise error message),
but here is the bug report draft :

Summary : Firefox is unable to download any file after being updated.
Details : Whenever I try to download a file with Firefox (be it by
clicking an url, right-clicking and save as, entering the file url in the
urlbar...), I get this error message : "<to be inserted next time I see
the error>". Re-emerging firefox always solved the problem (it happened
twice, and each time I closed Firefox while doing the second emerge, just
to be sure).
Reproducibility : not always.


Karine



From mary@home.puzzling.org  Wed Oct  5 00:53:09 2005
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On Mon, Oct 03, 2005, Karine Delvare wrote:
> Mary, would you agree if I translate your lessons in french and publish
> the results on my website?

I am going to revise the lessons at some point and make them available
under one of the Creative Commons licences. Since it would probably be
better for you to translate lessons that are final and licenced for free
modification, you might want to wait until I do that for the
translation.

I'll try and do this as soon as possible, can you get in touch with me
if I haven't said anything more about it say a fortnight from now?

-Mary

From kproot@nerim.net  Wed Oct  5 01:24:07 2005
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From: Karine Delvare <kproot@nerim.net>
To: courses@linuxchix.org
Subject: Re: [Courses] [Tools] French translation
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On Tue, 4 Oct 2005 09:33:58 +1000
Mary <mary-linuxchix@puzzling.org> wrote:

> On Mon, Oct 03, 2005, Karine Delvare wrote:
> > Mary, would you agree if I translate your lessons in french and publish
> > the results on my website?
> 
> I am going to revise the lessons at some point and make them available
> under one of the Creative Commons licences. Since it would probably be
> better for you to translate lessons that are final and licenced for free
> modification, you might want to wait until I do that for the
> translation.

Sounds perfect.

> I'll try and do this as soon as possible, can you get in touch with me
> if I haven't said anything more about it say a fortnight from now?

Sure - thanks for teaching me a new word :)
Karine

From mary@home.puzzling.org  Sat Oct  8 10:11:53 2005
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From: Mary <mary-linuxchix@puzzling.org>
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On Mon, Oct 03, 2005, Karine Delvare wrote:
> >    2.2 Find a bug that has been filed against a piece of software you
> >        use. (Don't forget, ask if you can't figure out how to search.)
> 
> http://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=100518
> 
> >    2.3 See if you can replicate the bug described in 2.2. If not, why
> >        not? If so, can you see anything missing from the bug report?
> >        Tell us about it.
> 
> I cannot reproduce it. I don't have the same compilation options as the
> reporter, but I doubt they have anything to do with that. Now I'm
> impatient to know where the reporter's problem comes from :)

It seems to be a relatively new bug, filed July 2005, so it might still
be updated. If you're interested in following it, one of the things you
could do would be to add yourself to the Cc list for that bug, so that
you get a mail every time it updates. To do this, you need to have an
account on the bug tracker. Once you have made an account, type your
email address into the box labelled "Add CC" on that page, and press the
button further down the page labelled "Commit".

> Summary : Firefox is unable to download any file after being updated.
> Details : Whenever I try to download a file with Firefox (be it by
> clicking an url, right-clicking and save as, entering the file url in the
> urlbar...), I get this error message : "<to be inserted next time I see
> the error> ". Re-emerging firefox always solved the problem (it happened
> twice, and each time I closed Firefox while doing the second emerge, just
> to be sure).
> Reproducibility : not always.

This would be a good bug report, with one addition: the version number
or package number or similar so that the bug fixer knows exactly which
version(s) you saw the bug in. With Gentoo, it might also be useful to
include your architecture and compiler options.

While this suggestion might be annoying, it can be useful to make sure
that you don't destroy any buggy copies of software before reporting a
bug. Often the bug fixer will know of ways to get information that you
haven't thought of, or will ask particular questions to explore a
hypothesis (like "what if you click on this, and then do that?").
It helps them a lot, especially if you can see the bug and they can't,
to be able to get answers from you. As with anything about bug reporting
though, you're a volunteer, you don't *have* to spend time on things or
run buggy software just to help out. On the other hand, it does help fix
the bug...

As an example, see this bug:
http://bugzilla.ubuntu.com/show_bug.cgi?id=14077 You'll notice that in a
lot of comments, the bug reporter finds that a particular file is
causing a bug to happen, and deletes that file. The bug fixer wishes
he'd kept a copy, so that the fixer could try and see what caused the
bug.

-Mary

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Date: Mon, 03 Oct 2005 15:12:05 +0200
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Sorry to be so late posting my homework. First I would like to thank you
for a really useful article. I have been a bit lax in the past about
reporting bugs not really knowing the form and how to describe them

>   1.1 Find a problem in firefox
>  
>
A problem? In Firefox? Impossible :)

>   1.2 Find a bug that has been filed but not confirmed. (In the Ubuntu
>   Bugzilla, these are bugs marked NEEDINFO , you'll need to face down
>   Bugzilla's Advanced search to search by status.)
>  
>
Sheesh,  that advanced search is tough. I could not make it find any
bugs at all. I gave up and found a bug using the simple search.
https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=260524

This failure would make it impossible to check if a bug has been
reported already.

>   1.3 Find a bug that has been fixed (status RESOLVED).
>  
>
https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=256045

>   1.4 Find a bug that has been rejected (status WONTFIX)
>  
>
https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=218039

>   2.1 Where is your distribution's bug tracker?
>  
>
http://www.debian.org/Bugs/

>   2.2 Find a bug that has been filed against a piece of software you
>       use. (Don't forget, ask if you can't figure out how to search.)
>  
>
http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=299009

>   2.3 See if you can replicate the bug described in 2.2. If not, why
>       not? If so, can you see anything missing from the bug report?
>       Tell us about it.
>  
>
Ran out of time - sorry.

>   2.4 Think of a problem you have with software on your distribution.
>       See if you can find out whether a bug has been filed against it
>       yet. (Tell us the search terms you used.) If there doesn't seem
>       to be a bug, draft a bug report and send it to us, and we'll help
>       you file it.
>  
>

Ubuntu 5.04.
Panel > System > Preferences > Mouse > Cursors

My mouse cursor is too small. I change it to large, log out and back in.
The large box remains ticked but the cursor is unchanged. This is a
trivial matter and is easy to solve manually but it is a bug.

Steve



From mary@home.puzzling.org  Sat Oct  8 10:17:05 2005
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From: Mary <mary-linuxchix@puzzling.org>
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Subject: Re: [Courses] [Tools] Homework
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On Mon, Oct 03, 2005, Steven Walker wrote:
> >   1.2 Find a bug that has been filed but not confirmed. (In the Ubuntu
> >   Bugzilla, these are bugs marked NEEDINFO , you'll need to face down
> >   Bugzilla's Advanced search to search by status.)
> >  
> >
> Sheesh,  that advanced search is tough. I could not make it find any
> bugs at all. I gave up and found a bug using the simple search.
> https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=260524
> 
> This failure would make it impossible to check if a bug has been
> reported already.

I was thinking of doing this with the Ubuntu bug tracker. But yes, alas,
Bugzilla's advanced search is notoriously complicated. It *is* useful
once you know Bugzilla pretty well, to be able to search in such detail.

If Advanced Search fails you in the future, I think it's better to use
simple search, not find anything, and report the bug. The worst that
might happen is that it'll be marked DUPLICATE by the fixer. While
it's nice to save them this time if you can, you don't have to beat your
head against a wall to do it.

> >   2.3 See if you can replicate the bug described in 2.2. If not, why
> >       not? If so, can you see anything missing from the bug report?
> >       Tell us about it.
> >  
> >
> Ran out of time - sorry.

That's ok -- it's homework to explore the lessons a bit more, no
pressure :)

> Ubuntu 5.04.
> Panel > System > Preferences > Mouse > Cursors
> 
> My mouse cursor is too small. I change it to large, log out and back in.
> The large box remains ticked but the cursor is unchanged. This is a
> trivial matter and is easy to solve manually but it is a bug.

This one sounds eminently reportable. The Ubuntu bugzilla is at
http://bugzilla.ubuntu.com/ and you could search for it and report it
there, if you have time. Since they're very close to releasing 5.10 now,
you might want to specifically mention that it's 5.04 that you're
reporting against.

-Mary

From mary@home.puzzling.org  Wed Oct  5 19:42:15 2005
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This post is the fourth 'lesson' in the Participating in Free Software
LinuxChix course. You can find previous lessons at
http://www.linuxchix.org/content/courses/tools/ . Questions and
discussion are welcome, please make sure the string "[Tools]" is in the
subject of your mail.

Participating in Free Software is part technical stuff, part socialising
and community. You can go either way on this: you can limit your
interactions with other developers to patches and technical mailing list
posts. This is a good option for occasional contributors and time-poor
people as well as anyone who is just not interested in socialising with
fellow Free Software developers much. At the other end of the spectrum
are people who organise much of their lives around their fellow Free
Software developers, from organising local user groups, spending a chunk
of their day online and spending their holiday time either at software
conferences or visiting fellow developers.

Much of this course is aimed at describing a certain set of technical
tools for working collaboratively on Free Software: ie tools for people
interested in developing, whether or not they're interested in social or
semi-social interactions. This lesson is the exception, it covers some
of the tools people use to build and maintain social and semi-social
networks.

It's interesting how much socialising with developers can effect your
technical contributions and your membership in the community. If people
have met you online or at a conference, and you seemed sane and keen, it
can be a lot easier to get them to trust you enough to spend time
looking at your code, and it makes it more likely that they'll want to
mentor you personally. Assuming that you have the time and the social
energy and skills, spending part of your time interacting with fellow
developers in a social medium can draw you into the community
comparitively quickly relatively to filing bugs or even fixing them.
(Again though, this route isn't for everyone and the other more purely
technical one works for most projects too, and better in some other
projects.)

This lesson will cover three ways of interacting with developers in a
more social medium: chat programs, weblogging tools and attending
conferences.

--- Chat programs ---

The most common online chat used by developers is Internet Relay Chat
(IRC). IRC is an old messaging protocol, pre-dating the programs  and
protocols known as Instant Messaging (AIM, ICQ, MSN...) Like them, it is
a real-time chat protocol. Unlike most others it is group focussed and a
number of users gather in a channel. Private chats can happen but aren't
the focus.

A reasonable number of Free Software projects not only have a mailing
list and software repository, they have an IRC channel in addition. If
you're primarily interested in development rather than discussion on
other topics, then you may find IRC frustrating, because most channels
host substantial off-topic conversation. On the other hand, if you're
interested in spending some social time with other developers, or at
least overlooking the off-topic conversations in order to be there to be
part of fast paced technical discussions, IRC may interest you.

Because IRC is a faster medium than e-mail, a lot of projects tend to be
partly run by discussions on IRC. It can be frustrating to be part of
these projects if you don't have the time or energy to put up with low
signal-to-noise ratios on the IRC channel, or if you're in an
inconvienient timezone to the rest of the developers. Some projects have
needed to institute policies along the lines of "if a decision is not
written done in [some official place, like the website], then it wasn't
made" but most projects muddle along with some participants finding out
things quickly by watching the IRC channel, and others finding out more
slowly as discussions filter out to mailing lists and bug trackers. If
you join a project and feel like a lot of decisions are being made in
private, it's worth checking whether they're actually being made on an
IRC channel.

Some of the more popular Linux IRC clients are X-Chat, a graphical
(GTK-based) IRC client; and irssi, a console (text) IRC client.

Most Free Software IRC channels are public and open to join. If you want
to check it out the easiest way is to join a large channel, say one with
50+ people in the channel. That way you're less likely to feel like
you're intruding in a group of friends and more likely to feel like you
have a ringside seat to public discussion and debate. Be sure to find a
technical channel if that's what you're interested in: IRC is also a
longstanding purely social medium. If you look on the IRC servers
irc.oftc.net and irc.freenode.net you'll find many technical channels.

--- Weblogging ---

Weblogging in the Free Software community had a relatively slow take-off
due to suspicion based on people's uninteresting 'diary entries'. I've
written a longer summary at [1], but essentially the history of
weblogging takeup in the Free Software world was:

 1. http://www.advogato.org/ -- originally conceived as a mentoring
    community, the only feature that really took off was the idea of the
    'diaries' where many people wrote about their technical work

 2. Planets. These are collections of weblog entries by people in a
    community. We have our own planet at http://live.linuxchix.org/ and
    there are many others listed at http://planetplanet.org/

One of the best features of the rise of weblogging about Free Software
in general and of the Planets in particular is that they're very
accessible to outsiders. You don't need to join a mailing list or an IRC
channel and wade through loads of text, you can just go and skim a
website to find developers discussing their projects.

Have a look at:
 - http://planet.gnome.org/ -- Planet GNOME
 - http://planet.debian.org/ -- Planet Debian

You can almost certainly find a planet for your own distribution these
days and probably for many larger individual projects too.

--- Conferences ---

Free Software conferences are gatherings of developers. Usually they are
organised around a daytime speaking program, but just as important are
workshops (usually called "BOFs", ie "Birds of a Feather" sessions) and
informal meetings.

Conferences magnify both the advantages and disadvantages of IRC in many
ways. If you're time-poor or shy, they are hard to make time for and
hard to participate in. In addition, they're expensive (especially if
you don't live in an area with its own conferences) because you need
to travel to a physical conference location. On the other hand, they're
usually quite an intense experience: a lot of work and planning gets
done, and there's the usual effect where people spending a lot of time
together in a strange place tend to bond relatively quickly.

Free Software conferences aren't quite the same as academic conferences.
The purpose of talks is more informal: it's literally to let people know
about your work and "sell" ideas to them. It doesn't usually have the
second function of academic conferences where the act of writing and
presenting a paper itself is a career move. (This can actually be
limiting for the odd academic attending, because they don't get the
usual publication credit.) Secondly, at many conferences a smaller
proportion of the attendees are speaking.

If you're interested in attending a conference, this is typically what
you need to do:
 - visit the conference website and decide that you can travel to that
   location at that time
 - pay an attendence fee (usually covering the cost of organising the
   conference)
 - arrive at the destination and look over the talks schedule and attend
   interesting ones

If you're alone, one of the better ways to meet people is to volunteer
to be staff at the conference. Common volunteering jobs include
introducting speakers, looking after audio/visual equipment and being a
gopher. There's sometimes also cheap admission associated with
volunteering work.

You should also consider speaking if you've been doing interesting work
on something relevant (at many conferences talks run from coding to
organising a user group). Speakers are usually chosen on their speaker
biography and their abstract. Larger conferences will consider your
speaker biography more: they will be encouraged by some evidence that
you're a basically competant speaker. Giving talks to a local user group
is usually reasonable evidence, so you can practice there if you have
one. Martin Pool, who is often on the papers committee for linux.conf.au
has written a guide to writing a good abstract at [2].

Here's a sample of Free Software conferences:
 - linux.conf.au -- http://lca2006.linux.org.au/
 - Ottawa Linux Symposium -- http://www.linuxsymposium.org/
 - Linux Kongress -- http://www.linux-kongress.org/
 - Debconf -- http://www.debconf.org/
 - GUADEC -- http://www.guadec.org/

-Mary

[1] http://puzzling.org/computing/essays/planet

[2] http://advogato.org/article/549.html

From rol@rolandcruse.com  Thu Oct  6 20:32:02 2005
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Hello Mary and List

I've just joined this Course (Tools) and I wanted to say thanks for
the effort that goes in to it. I am also very impressed with Marys writing
style. Which to me is very informative, concise, open and friendly. 

Regards,
Roland

From mary@home.puzzling.org  Sat Oct  8 09:54:54 2005
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From: Mary <mary-linuxchix@puzzling.org>
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On Thu, Oct 06, 2005, Roland wrote:
> Hello Mary and List
> 
> I've just joined this Course (Tools) and I wanted to say thanks for
> the effort that goes in to it. I am also very impressed with Marys writing
> style. Which to me is very informative, concise, open and friendly. 

I'm glad to hear people are enjoying it!

-Mary

From lawgon@thenilgiris.com  Fri Oct  7 00:01:32 2005
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On Wednesday 05 Oct 2005 3:12 pm, Mary wrote:
> Here's a sample of Free Software conferences:
> =C2=A0- linux.conf.au -- http://lca2006.linux.org.au/
> =C2=A0- Ottawa Linux Symposium -- http://www.linuxsymposium.org/

just a query, who runs the ottawa linux symposium? couldnt seem to find=20
the info on the site
--=20
regards
kg

http://www.livejournal.com/users/lawgon
tally ho! http://avsap.org.in
=E0=B2=87=E0=B2=82=E0=B2=A1=E0=B3=8D=E0=B2=B2=E0=B2=BF=E0=B2=A8=E0=B2=95=E0=
=B3=8D=E0=B2=B8 =E0=AE=B5=E0=AE=BE=E0=AE=B4=E0=AF=8D=E0=AE=95!

From mary@home.puzzling.org  Sat Oct  8 10:02:10 2005
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From: Mary <mary-linuxchix@puzzling.org>
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On Thu, Oct 06, 2005, Kenneth Gonsalves wrote:
> just a query, who runs the ottawa linux symposium? couldnt seem to find 
> the info on the site

It was founded by an Ottawa Linux and Free Software advocate named
Andrew Hutton. Both he and other coordinators of the conference seem to
be also members of the Ottawa Canada Linux Users Group (OCLUG), but
OCLUG doesn't seem to directly oversee OLS. So I can only assume that
it's a band of mostly volunteers from the local community, much like the
other grassroots FOSS conferences. Anyone got more info?

-Mary

From mary@home.puzzling.org  Sat Oct  8 09:48:29 2005
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From: Mary <mary-linuxchix@puzzling.org>
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Subject: [Courses] [Tools] A introduction to version control 1: what problem
        does it solve?
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This post is the fifth 'lesson' in the Participating in Free Software
LinuxChix course. You can find previous lessons at
http://www.linuxchix.org/content/courses/tools/ . Questions and
discussion are welcome, please make sure the string "[Tools]" is in the
subject of your mail.

This is where we get the the second half of the course, and the "meat"
of it: version control. In this lesson, I talk about what it is, and the
reasons why software projects, in particular, use it. Homework will be
back in a couple of lessons from now when we start actually working with
version control systems.

Consider a group of ten people, working on a common project. If you're
familiar with programming, you can imagine that they're working on some
code. Otherwise, imagine that they're writing a large document, perhaps
this course.

At any given time, most likely two or three of those people are working
on the same fairly narrow bit of the project: the bit that's newest and
which is under most active development. (The smaller the project and the
tighter the deadline, the more likely this is to be true: larger
projects will have people spread out on different tasks. Good project
managers try and encourage this a bit, but I digress.) Other people are
working on other things. One might be fixing a bug or doing some copy
editing in one part of the project, another in another part.

There are several problems to do with file sharing when working on
projects with a team. bYou generally want to work on the latest version
of the team's work, andyou want to reguarly share your changes with
them. A naive solution would be perhaps to have some kind of central
place where you all copy your files to. But a problem that pretty
quickly crops up when you do this is that you do, say, a day's work on a
file, having copied it to your workstation that morning. Someone else
copies that file the same morning and does their own work on it. You put
your copy in the central place (in version control jargon, the central
place would be called "the repository"). The other person then cpies
their own work there, but because their work doesn't incorporate yours,
this is effectively removing your work. So either one of you notices and
has to "merge" (this is also version control jargon, and it means what
you'd think: combining two or more sets of changes into a combined
change) your changes, or you don't notice until sometime later, when
someone complains that your work hasn't been done and you look, and
they're right, it's not in the file.

So one thing version control systems do is provide a protected way to
store files in a repository (not always a single one either, we'll get
to that in a few weeks). Rather than manually copying files in and out
of the repository, you run a command to put them in the respository
(known as "committing"), just like you run a command to update your own
copy of the files (known as a "working copy" or "sandbox" in version
control jargon). These commands keep track of things like whether or not
someone else has committed in the meantime and will attempt to merge
your changes with existing changes in various ways, rather than
completely obliterate every copy.

Now, one thing is important to note here. The version control systems we
will be talking about in this course do this *for text files*, like
code, HTML, almost all UNIX config files, and some types of
documentation (LaTeX, Docbook, RST and other text markup formats). They
do not handling merging for "binary" formats, for example, images and a
lot of word processing files. They usually have a way to store them
because it's useful to be able to put, say, a whole website in version
control and not have to worry about storing the images separately. But
they don't try and merge them for you, they just store great big lumps
of data. They will warn you about not having an up-to-date copy and so
on, so they're still more useful than the alternative, but they won't
merge. There are some similar systems that are designed to work with
particular binary formats. I'm told, for example, that there are some
for Microsoft Word documents. But I won't be covering them in this
course.

The other most obvious benefit version control systems have is implied
in the words "revision control". A version control system will store
*every* version of a file that has been committed to it so that you can
access any particular version later. This not only saves you from silly
mistakes like accidently committing an empty file over the top of a 1000
line file, but it helps coders in particular because if it turns out
that they or someone else has introduced a problem into the code, they
can both study the differences between the files and "revert" (change
back) the code if need be.

Much of this course will cover using an existing revision control:
getting a copy of the files, changing them, committing them, dealing
with simple merge errors and getting at old versions of a file.

Another benefit that the systems we'll look at provide: the ability to
"branch", that is, mark your code (it's usually code that you branch) as
not ready for merging yet. You want to store it so that it is version
controlled, let other people look at it and perhaps work on it, but you
don't want to merge it with everyone else's work just now. This is
called "branching". This course will look at branching, but in a fairly
simple way.

Now, one of the big reasons you need to either know or be willing to
learn to use version control systems for working on Free Software is
that almost all projects use them, and use them for almost all of their
work. Code, documentation, translations and images are all stored in
version control. Free Software projects, which usually have work
distributed between people on different continents and in different
timezones. Further, these people may be working on a number of
experimental medium-term features in the code. Coordinating all of this
via emailing files to each other or dumping them in a central place
would be an unmitigated nightmare compared to using version control.
Hence, they all use version control. The first thing you'll ever do if
you want to submit a patch against a project will usually be to get a
copy of their latest files from the version control and make your
change.

Next lesson we'll review these concepts in more detail, and then onto
the meat of using a version control system.

-Mary

From mary@home.puzzling.org  Mon Oct 10 09:55:26 2005
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Subject: [Courses] [Tools] IRC channel, question time
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Hi everyone,

I've decided to set up an IRC channel for the duration of this course.
In each lesson, I'll advertise a few hours when I'll commit to being in
the IRC channel to discuss the lesson, but quite likely I'll be in there
(if not active) a lot of the time. Discussion relevant to the general
area of this course will be welcome at all times, as will questions
about the lessons. Off-topic discussion should move to #linuxchix. As
always, the standard "be polite, be helpful" rules will apply. Since
people occasionally do worry about this in a linuxchix context, people
of all genders welcome.

The IRC channel will be #tools-course on the server irc.linuxchix.org.
Check out the IRC mini-howto if you're new to IRC:
http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/IRC/ I recommend that Linux-using newcomers to
IRC use the xchat program unless you've got some specific reason to
choose another one.

-Mary

From conor.daly@cod.homelinux.org  Wed Oct 12 18:54:21 2005
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From: Conor Daly <conor.daly-linuxchix@cod.homelinux.org>
To: courses@linuxchix.org
Subject: Re: [Courses] [Tools] Prerequisites for installing bzr
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On Wed, Oct 12, 2005 at 04:23:37PM +1000 or so it is rumoured hereabouts, 
Mary thought:
> 
> Note, if Python 2.4 or ElementTree (often packaged as python-elementtree
> and sometimes as python2.4-elementtree) are available as packages built
> by your distribution, it is better to install them directly from your
> distribution. I don't have a lot of distros around to survey at the
> moment, but Ubuntu 5.04 and 5.10 have it, and I suspect Debian
> testing/unstable does too.

 for info:  Python 2.4.1 and python-elementtree are both in fedora core 4.
Core 3 only has python 2.3.x

Conor
-- 
Conor Daly <conor.daly@oceanfree.net>

Domestic Sysadmin :-)
---------------------
Hobbiton.cod.ie
 09:01:30 up 2 days, 13:34,  1 user,  load average: 0.02, 0.07, 0.06

From kproot@nerim.net  Fri Oct 14 00:13:20 2005
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Date: Thu, 13 Oct 2005 16:12:32 +0200 (CEST)
Subject: Re: [Courses] [Tools] Prerequisites for installing bzr
From: "Karine Delvare" <kproot@nerim.net>
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> On Wed, Oct 12, 2005, Mary wrote:
>> If the number after Python is not 2.4.x, you don't have Python 2.4. If
it's not included in your distribution, you can install it from here
for RPM based distributions: http://www.python.org/2.4/rpms.html

Info for gentoo users
bzr is still being tested, so you need to add this line in
/etc/portage/package.keywords:
   dev-util/bzr ~x86
(or ~amd64, or ~ppc). elementtree is in portage and will be installed whe=
n
you ask for bzr.

Karine




From wallachd@earthlink.net  Fri Oct 14 07:55:34 2005
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Conor Daly wrote:
> On Wed, Oct 12, 2005 at 04:23:37PM +1000 or so it is rumoured hereabouts, 
> Mary thought:
> 
>>Note, if Python 2.4 or ElementTree (often packaged as python-elementtree
>>and sometimes as python2.4-elementtree) are available as packages built
>>by your distribution, it is better to install them directly from your
>>distribution. I don't have a lot of distros around to survey at the
>>moment, but Ubuntu 5.04 and 5.10 have it, and I suspect Debian
>>testing/unstable does too.
> 
> 
>  for info:  Python 2.4.1 and python-elementtree are both in fedora core 4.
> Core 3 only has python 2.3.x
> 
> Conor

I have Fedora Core 3 installed. Should I or is there a way to
force yum to install Python 2.4.1 and python-elementtree on
my fedora core 3 system? Is it better to manually download
Python 2.4.1 rpm and python-elementtree rpm from websites?
If I download the binary rpms manually do I use an rpmbuild
command to install them so that rpm knows they are there?

Thank you for your attention,

Darlene
-- 
World Centric Fair Trade & Eco Store
http://www.worldcentric.org/store/
We have created and live in a world of gross social
and economic inequalities[1] and are at the same
time severely impacting[2] the natural eco-systems
and regenerating bio-capacity of the planet. Our
every action has an impact on the well-being of our
planet and our everyday decisions[3] can help create
a better world for all. In keeping with this fact
and our vision, the World Centric Fair Trade/Eco
Online Store provides everyday consumption choices,
which can help minimize social & economic
inequalities, reduce the impact of our consumption
on the environment and help create a better and
sustainable world.

[1] http://www.worldcentric.org/stateworld/socialjustice.htm
[2] http://www.worldcentric.org/stateworld/environment.htm
[3] http://www.worldcentric.org/sustain/index.htm

From conor.daly@cod.homelinux.org  Fri Oct 14 21:56:27 2005
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On Thu, Oct 13, 2005 at 02:55:13PM -0700 or so it is rumoured hereabouts, 
Darlene Wallach thought:
> Conor Daly wrote:
> >
> > for info:  Python 2.4.1 and python-elementtree are both in fedora core 4.
> >Core 3 only has python 2.3.x
> 
> I have Fedora Core 3 installed. Should I or is there a way to
> force yum to install Python 2.4.1 and python-elementtree on
> my fedora core 3 system? Is it better to manually download
> Python 2.4.1 rpm and python-elementtree rpm from websites?
> If I download the binary rpms manually do I use an rpmbuild
> command to install them so that rpm knows they are there?

You could try downloading the rpms from python.org rather than those from
FC4.  The FC4 rpms will have been built against an FC4 system and so, will
probably have unfulfilled dependencies on your FC3 system.  OTOH, if there
are FC3 specific rpms of 2.4.x at python.org, they should just work.  The
other option is to download the src rpm for FC4 and attempt to build it
on FC3 using 'rpmbuild --rebuild python-2.4....src.rpm'.  You'll need to
be root to do this unless you have set up a user-area rpmbuild
environment (http://cod.homelinux.org/C/download/rpmbuild/).

Conor
-- 
Conor Daly <conor.daly@oceanfree.net>

Domestic Sysadmin :-)
---------------------
Hobbiton.cod.ie
 12:05:09 up 4 days, 16:38,  1 user,  load average: 0.04, 0.10, 0.07

From mary@home.puzzling.org  Wed Oct 12 16:31:16 2005
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From: Mary <mary-linuxchix@puzzling.org>
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Subject: Re: [Courses] [Tools] Prerequisites for installing bzr
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On Wed, Oct 12, 2005, Mary wrote:
> If the number after Python is not 2.4.x, you don't have Python 2.4. If
> it's not included in your distribution, you can install it from here for
> RPM based distributions: http://www.python.org/2.4/rpms.html

An alternative for Ubuntu users: there's an apt repository at
http://people.ubuntu.com/~jbailey/snapshot/bzr/

Unfortunately, this has *just today* stopped working with Ubuntu 5.04
(Hoary) (Hoary has a python-elementtree package, but not
python2.4-elementtree). It will work with Ubuntu 5.10, due for release
tomorrow, but 5.10 will include a version of bzr anyway.

-Mary

From teri.pittman@gmail.com  Fri Oct 14 04:00:11 2005
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>
>
> An alternative for Ubuntu users: there's an apt repository at
> http://people.ubuntu.com/~jbailey/snapshot/bzr/
>
> Unfortunately, this has *just today* stopped working with Ubuntu 5.04
> (Hoary) (Hoary has a python-elementtree package, but not
> python2.4-elementtree). It will work with Ubuntu 5.10, due for release
> tomorrow, but 5.10 will include a version of bzr anyway.


I'd like to download from this site, as it seems to have a powerpc build. I
am running Hoary though. Should I try the original site instead?




--
Teri Pittman
teri.pittman@gmail.com

From mary@home.puzzling.org  Wed Oct 12 16:25:14 2005
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Damn, I just sent two messages with [Tool] in the subject, rather than
"Tools". If you didn't get them, you can find them at:

http://mailman.linuxchix.org/pipermail/courses/2005-October/001993.html
http://mailman.linuxchix.org/pipermail/courses/2005-October/001994.html

If you reply to them, fix up my mistake and have [Tools] in the subject
:)

-Mary

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This post is the sixth 'lesson' in the Participating in Free Software
LinuxChix course. You can find previous lessons at
http://www.linuxchix.org/content/courses/tools/ . Questions and
discussion are welcome, please make sure the string "[Tools]" is in the
subject of your mail.

I'll be on IRC to discuss this lesson at two times:

 - Sun Oct 16 2005, 00:00 (midnight) UTC/GMT [1]
 - Wed Oct 19 2005, 10:00 UTC/GMT [2]

The channel is #tools-course on server irc.linuxchix.org

In this lesson we'll cover the basics of what you do with version
control in more detail. This is still an abstract discussion, we'll move
onto running actual commands in two lessons' time.

--- Versions ---

This section covers the idea of "versions" in detail. You don't need to
know all of this in great detail to use a version control system, the
key things you need to know are:
 - a version control system stores and can access every version of a
   file that was ever committed
 - these versions are accessed (almost always) by their version *number*

As you know by now (from both the name of the systems themselves and the
previous lesson), one of the key features of version control systems is
that they store versions or revisions of files (at least, of text
files). You can then at any later time do the following things:

 - access a particular older version of a file
 - access information about that version, such as when it was committed,
   and who committed it (in most systems)
 - compare any two versions of a file

In most systems, you can also do a line by line analysis of any file,
and get the version control system's report on who was the last person
to edit that line, and what date they committed their edits. If you're
puzzling over the purpose of some part of a file, it can be useful to
ask the version control system who is responsible for it so that you can
ask them.

I'm not going to cover version analysis commands in this course, but in
the next lesson I'll refer you to more complete documentation of the
tools in question so that you can find out these commands later if need
be.

The usual model for versions is that they have numbers, going up
sequentially. The way in which branches are numbered varies, but the
details are fairly uninteresting for a user. It doesn't particularly
matter *how* things are numbered, just that they are. You can think of
the number simply as a handy code for a particular version.

Revision numbers can get slightly confusing at times, because they can
look rather like release numbers. Software versions released to the
public are typically numbered, for example, Firefox 1.4 or Linux 2.6.12.
These release numbers are assigned by the developers responsible for
putting together a bunch of files and calling it a "release", and the
numbers automatically assigned by the version control system to the
files stored in there are unrelated.

There are two different ways of numbering:

 1. file-based numbering. CVS does this. Each file that is in the
    repository is numbered separately. Imagine that you have the most
    up-to-date copy of every file. a.txt has been edited 57 times, so it
    is numbered 1.57 (CVS uses 1.x numbers for the main branch, which
    looks even more like a release number). b.txt has been edited twice,
    so it is numbered 1.2.

 2. tree-based or whole-respository numbering. Subversion and Bazaar do
    this. In this system, each *commit* has its own number. If you make
    the 150th commit to the system, then every file in the repository is
    maked as "commit #150".  If I change a.txt and make the 151st
    commit, every file in the repository is marked as "commit #151",
    even though only a.txt changed. Version #150 and #151 of b.txt will
    actually be exactly the same, because my commit didn't change b.txt.

The advantage of tree-based numbering is that often changes to two files
only work when taken together. Imagine I am writing a book. I have a
file for chapter 1 and a file for chapter 2. I add a section to chapter
2 called "manipulating foozbits". In chapter 1, I use the words "for more
on manipulating foozbits, see chapter 2". The changes to chapter 1 are
closely related to the changes to chapter 2 and it makes sense to be
able to access them as a *single* version, even though they're in
different files. Code has similar kinds of inter-file dependencies.

--- Repositories ---

Repositories, as explained in the previous lesson, are the place where
all the versions are stored. They are usually files on disk in a special
format (you're not meant to edit them directly) and in a special place.
You don't have to have a working copy on the same machine as the
repository, version control systems have ways of accessing the
repository over the network.

Central code repositories are usually not open for anyone to write to
(Free Software projects usually let you read them at least).  Typically
you will need to get someone to agree to give you access. This is
usually done by convincing them that you are going to help make their
project better. It's demonstrated in various ways, but usually this
involves sending your work to existing developers for review a few
times. Once it seems to them that you tend to make satisfactory
additions to the project, they will allow you to commit your changes
directly.

--- Sandboxes and working copies ---

When working with a revision control system, you do not directly edit
files in the repository. Instead, you and every other developer will be
working on what's called a "sandbox" or "working copy". It is simply a
copy of the files in the repository. Because each developer has an
independent copy of the files, you can change them, break them, fix
them, and so on, and the other developer's copies and the repository are
unaffected.

A working copy really is just a normal set of files, with one exception:
it will tend to have some special extra files which the version control
system will use to interact with the repository. These files note where
the repository is, what the last version you checked out was, and things
like that. You will not edit these special files directly. (We'll see
where they are in later lessons.)

--- Checking out and updating ---

"Checking out" a version is meant to be analogous with getting books out
of a library. It's not a great analogy though: essentially what you're
doing is making a copy of the repository at a particular version and
putting that copy in your working directory.

Checking out is a rare activity: it tends to refer to making a complete
copy of the repository files. A more common activity is working with an
existing check out and asking the version control system to give you a
new copy of the files if anyone has changed any of them. This is called
"updating" your files.

Usually when working collaboratively with others, you will update your
files regularly, perhaps once or twice a day. This means you will find
out as soon as possible if you and another person are working at
cross-purposes, and minimises the chance that you and another person
have made completely different changes to the same part of a file.

You will not usually be allowed to check files into a repository unless
you have updated to the latest version.

--- Committing ---

"Committing" is what you do when you want to share changes in your
working copy with other developers. You ask the version control system
to add them to the repository as the latest version. The next time other
people update, they will see them.

When you commit files, version control systems also allow you to specify
what is called a "log message" at the same time. This is where you write
a short summary of what your changes do. For example, you might have a
log message that says "added the manipulating foozbits section to
chapter 2", or "copyedited chapter 1" or "translated chapter 3 into
Spanish" or "fixed bug 10334: the program will now do an emergency save
when there's an error".

Log messages are typically a sentence or two, and should be descriptive
enough for your collaborators to be able to tell basically what the
commit does (bad commit messages are things like "at least, fixed that
damned bug" or "that was stupid of me" or just blank). There's a few
reasons for this:

 1. at some point later (particularly with code), someone may look at
    your changes and ask "why on earth is this doing that?", for example
    "why is this saving data here?". Your log message may help answer
    their question.

 2. quite often projects have a mailing list or IRC bot or similar that
    notifies everyone of changes to the repository. Rather than simply
    saying "changes to a.txt and b.txt" it's useful to be able to use
    your summary.

Generally, you commit files as often as they are working. Ideally this
is every few hours at least. When you're making a lot of changes that
aren't going to work separately and which won't come together for a
while, or changes that need to be approved by others, then it is good
practice to make a branch of the files and commit work there, rather
than leave it in your working copy only. That way it's versioned and
public, but still not interfering with the main work. Some systems make
this easier than others.

It may already occur to you to wonder what to do if you don't want to,
or can't, check your files back into the main repository. Perhaps you're
going to maintain some local set of changes that you'd like to have
versioned, but don't intend to submit to upstream just now, or ever.
Even if you are intending to submit them upstream, if you don't have
write access to the repository, then you can only send code to
developers, you can't use their version control system. (This was one of
the first things I wanted to do with version control systems.) Branching
traditionally only allowed you to have a separate set of versions of a
file *in the same overall repository*. Having a whole separate
repository and easily merging files backwards and forth between them is
a relatively new innovation. The two most well known version control
systems (CVS and Subversion) don't make this terribly easy. The new
distributed (or decentralised) version control systems are the first to
make this easy by design. We'll be looking at one, Bazaar, later in the
course.

-Mary

[1] Local times for Sun Oct 16, 00:00 available from
http://tinyurl.com/dfmue

[2] Local times for Wed Oct 19, 10:00 available from
http://tinyurl.com/djb9a

From mary@home.puzzling.org  Sun Oct 16 10:03:31 2005
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The first "Tools for participating in Free Software" IRC discussion is
on NOW, until 0100 UTC.

-Mary

From mary@home.puzzling.org  Sun Oct 16 10:18:29 2005
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As you probably know, I'm currently planning that this course will use
three version control systems: CVS, Subversion and Bazaar (the
Bazaar-NG/Bazaar 2/Bzr flavour). I'm not interested in adding to this
list in my own lessons, but is anyone willing to write complementary
lessons for other version control systems? Some interest has been
expressed in git, the new Linux kernel version control in particular,
but any is fine, including proprietary ones (although it would be good
if they at least have a free-as-in-beer client so that people can try
them out in this course).

If you're interested, please reply and I will send you lesson outlines,
so that you can write your own lessons to parallel mine.

-Mary

From mary@home.puzzling.org  Sat Oct 22 10:00:59 2005
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This post is the seventh 'lesson' in the Participating in Free Software
LinuxChix course. You can find previous lessons at
http://www.linuxchix.org/content/courses/tools/ . Questions and
discussion are welcome, please make sure the string "[Tools]" is in the
subject of your mail.

I'll be on IRC to discuss this lesson at two times:

 - Sun Oct 23 2005, 00:00 (midnight) UTC/GMT, see
   http://tinyurl.com/d86sa for local times
 - Wed Oct 26 2005, 10:00 UTC/GMT, see http://tinyurl.com/d9zwp for
   local times

The channel is #tools-course on server irc.linuxchix.org

In this lesson we'll review the three version control systems we're
going to look at in this courseL CVS, Subversion and Bazaar (version 2).
I'll give an overview of their maturity and of how to install them or
test that you've installed them on Linux. (All three systems have
versions for other operating systems which I can point you to, but can't
teach you to operate or test.) For each version control system I'll also
point to some extra resources: this course is an overview and if you
want references you will want to consult a more complete source.

-- CVS --

The letters "CVS" stand for Concurrent Versions System, but the full name
is rarely used outside of books that document it, and its not always
used then. Since the acronym is nearly universal, I'll refer to the
system just as "CVS" throughout the course.

CVS is by far the most widely used version control system among Free
Software projects. It is also by far the oldest of the commonly used
Free version control systems. Up until about the year 2000, when
development of Subversion and several other competing systems began to
pick up pace in earnest, CVS had more or less an open field: there were
other version control systems, but they were proprietry and commonly not
available for Linux or other free UNIX-like systems.

CVS had the field to itself for a while, and has been very stable: few
new features or major releases are made. However, some of its
limitations have led people to develop alternatives:

 1. CVS has no way to rename files or move them from the client
    command line while keeping the full history of the file.

 2. CVS makes branching very difficult, to the point where a lot of CVS
    users just don't branch.

 3. CVS has no way to track files that are committed together (it
    doesn't have what are called "atomic commits": each file is
    committed in its own commit operation). This poses problems for
    automated testing. Some projects like to have a automated process
    that runs tests over the latest versions of the files (eg, it tests
    that they compile, or it runs some unit tests). CVS does not provide
    an easy way to say "give me a complete version of the files as of
    the last complete commit"

 4. It is not easy to version your own changes to a project unless you
    have write access to the main repository.

However, it is still likely that any given Free Software project will be
using CVS.

Installing CVS
--------------

To check if CVS is installed on your system, type "cvs --version" at the
command line. You should get something like this:

....

$ cvs --version

Concurrent Versions System (CVS) 1.12.9 (client/server)

Copyright (c) 1989-2004 Brian Berliner, david d `zoo' zuhn,
                        Jeff Polk, and other authors

CVS may be copied only under the terms of the GNU General Public
License, a copy of which can be found with the CVS distribution kit.

Specify the --help option for further information about CVS

....

You don't need to have any particular version installed for this course.
Almost all Linux distributions package CVS and you can install it from
their packages. Please ask for help if you don't think you have it
installed and can't figure out how to.

There is a graphical version of CVS that works under Microsoft Windows
and which integrates with Windows Explorer: TortoiseCVS, available from
http://www.tortoisecvs.org/ . I won't be covering this or any other
graphical interfaces in this course, but it is useful if you want to use
CVS with people who prefer this kind of interface. There seem to be
several for Linux too, but I don't know if there is a known "best of
breed".

Resources for CVS
-----------------

For a more complete guide to CVS, see the following resources:

 1. O'Reilly's "Open Source Development with CVS", 3rd edition, is
    available freely online at http://cvsbook.red-bean.com/
    (under the GPL) and in book form:
    http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/1932111816/
 
 2. LinuxChix's own Jenn Vesperman wrote O'Reilly's "Essential CVS", see
    http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/cvs/

--- Subversion ---

Subversion (also known as "SVN" or "svn" after its command-line tool) is
CVS's main competitor now among Free Software projects using version
control. When asked why Subversion exists, the Subversion developers
have replied "[This project exists] to take over the CVS user base.
Specifically, we're writing a new version control system that is very
similar to CVS, but fixes many things that are broken." [1] 

Essentially, you can regard Subversion as CVS with a different name and
some extra features. They list these on their front page at
http://subversion.tigris.org/ , but the two most commonly cited are:

 1. Atomic commits: if a group of files are committed together, this is
    recorded, and rather than being able to access versions of individual
    files, you can access a version of the whole project.

 2. Versioning of file meta-data. This means that things like moving
    files, renaming files, adding directories, renaming directories are
    versioned too. (So are symbolic links.)

After CVS, it is most likely now that a Free Software project will be
using Subversion.

Installing Subversion
---------------------

To check if Subversion is installed on your system, type "svn --version"
at the command line. You should get something like this:

...

$ svn --version
svn, version 1.2.0 (r14790)
   compiled Jun 29 2005, 12:46:42

Copyright (C) 2000-2005 CollabNet.
Subversion is open source software, see http://subversion.tigris.org/
This product includes software developed by CollabNet
(http://www.Collab.Net/).

The following repository access (RA) modules are available:

* ra_dav : Module for accessing a repository via WebDAV (DeltaV)
* protocol.
- handles 'http' scheme
- handles 'https' scheme
* ra_svn : Module for accessing a repository using the svn
* network protocol.
- handles 'svn' scheme
* ra_local : Module for accessing a repository on local disk.
- handles 'file' scheme

...

You'll want to have at least version 1 installed. Make sure that you
have the "ra_svn" and "ra_dav" modules.

Almost all Linux distributions package Subversion and you can install it
from their packages. Please ask for help if you don't think you have it
installed and can't figure out how to.

There is a Tortoise Subversion called TortoiseSVN. Like Tortoise CVS, it
integrates with Windows Explorer. You can get it from
http://tortoisesvn.tigris.org/

Resources for Subversion
------------------------

For a more complete guide to Subversion, see the following resource:

 1. O'Reilly's "Version Control With Subversion" is
    available freely online at http://svnbook.red-bean.com/
    (under Creative Commons Attribution 2.0) and in book form:
    http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/0596004486/

--- Bzr ---

This section describes a version control system called Bazaar version 2
(named for Eric S. Raymond's essay evangelising Open Source as a
development methodology, see [2]). Because Bazaar version 1 is quite
different and still in relatively wide use, I will refer to Bazaar
version 2 as Bzr, which is its command-line tool (doing this is fairly
common, quite a lot of people call Subversion "svn" after its
command-line tool).

Bzr differs from CVS and Subversion in a number of ways: it's both newer
and less well-used. I'm including it in this course as an example of a
distributed (also known as "decentralised") version control system, one
of a newer breed of version control systems, none of which is yet
notable for its take-up among many projects. My choice of Bzr was
motivated mainly by it being the distributed version control system
which I'm personally most interested in using. It's also been developed
specifically based on the best and most useful ideas from other version
control systems, and compared to some of the others it is very easy to
get started with it.

In the previous lesson I reviewed some of the limitations of having a
central repository which stores all the revisions of the code, both the
trunk or main set of files and the branches which aren't ready for
merging. Two of the biggest limitations are that you can't take
advantage of version control when you're not able to access the central
repository (for example, when you're not connected to the 'net), and
that if you don't have write access to the central repository it is
difficult to maintain a copy of it and work on your own changes locally.

Distributed version control systems solve these two problems. Unlike
centralised systems, which store files in one place and which merge
between branches stored in that one place, distributed version control
systems allow you to copy, branch and merge entire repositories. A
typical sequence of use is something like this (keep in mind that most
of these are done via commands in the version control system):

 1. You want to make a change to foo project.

 2. You make a distributed branch (a copy of the repository) on the
    machine you're going to be working on.

 3. You work on your changes, committing them to your local repository.
    You can check out, edit and commit as usual to these repositories.

 4. You either merge your work to the upstream, or, if you don't have
    permission to, you make your own repository public and ask someone with
    permission to review your changes and merge them.

Multiple levels of upstream are possible here too. For example, you and
your friends might want to work on foo together. One friend copies the
foo repository, and makes some changes. You then copy her repository and
make some changes. You can then either ask your friend to merge them
into hers, ask foo to merge your changes directly, or both.

Distributed version control systems are, as a rule, very focussed on
merging and have very sophisticated merging algorithms: they're much
better at working out which changes have already been merged and which
are new. Having worked with, and butted my head against, CVS and
Subversion branching a merging a lot, I find this aspect of using Bzr
very refreshing. It's not something you will encounter upstream projects
using much yet, but you may consider using it for your own projects,
especially if you work offline (eg, on a laptop) much.

Bzr itself is still in a comparitively early stage. It won't be
officially released until early 2006. The development is sponsored by
Canonical Ltd (who also sponsor most of the development of Ubuntu
Linux) and they're moving their internal development (Launchpad) to it
this month.

Installing Bzr
--------------

As noted in a previous mail, you will need to have Python 2.4 installed
to use bzr. If you're having trouble with this, post and we will help
out where we can.

To find out what version of Python you're running, run the following:
"python" (once you have the information you need, type Ctrl+d to exit
back to a normal command-line).

$ python
Python 2.4.2 (#2, Sep 30 2005, 21:19:01)
       ^^^^^

The number I've marked with ^ needs to be >= 2.4. Fedora Core 4 and
Ubuntu 5.04 and 5.10 have Python 2.4. Fedora Core 3 and earlier do not,
and Debian stable does not. You can install Python 2.4 for Linux from
source here: http://www.python.org/2.4.2/ or in RPM form here:
http://www.python.org/2.4/rpms.html

You can download Bzr itself from here:
http://bazaar.canonical.com/DownloadBzr

Once it's installed, you can test the install by typing "bzr --version":

...

$ bzr --version
bzr (bazaar-ng) 0.6pre
Copyright 2005 Canonical Development Ltd.
http://bazaar-ng.org/

bzr comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.  bzr is free software, and
you may use, modify and redistribute it under the terms of the GNU
General Public License version 2 or later.

...

Resources for Bzr
-----------------

Bzr is still fairly early on in its development, so there are no books
yet. You will find these resources most useful:

 1. The homepage at http://www.bazaar-ng.org/

 2. The tutorial at http://bazaar.canonical.com/IntroductionToBzr

 3. The wiki at http://bazaar.canonical.com/Bzr

If you're interested in actual Bzr design and development, you can find
some discussion of it at http://sourcefrog.net/weblog/software/vc/bzr
and http://bazaar.canonical.com/BzrDevelopment

-Mary

[1] http://subversion.tigris.org/faq.html#why

[2] http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar/

From lawgon@thenilgiris.com  Sat Oct 22 18:27:48 2005
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To: courses@linuxchix.org
Subject: Re: [Courses] [Tools] An introduction to our three VCSs: CVS,
        Subversion and Bazaar (version 2)
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On Saturday 22 Oct 2005 5:31 am, Mary wrote:
> After CVS, it is most likely now that a Free Software project will be
> using Subversion.

incidently, the only free hosting site that offers subversion seems to=20
be berlios.de. Tigris also does, but you need to be doing a high-funda=20
project to get hosting there. Gnu-savannah offers Arch.

--=20
regards
kg

http://www.livejournal.com/users/lawgon
tally ho! http://avsap.org.in
=E0=B2=87=E0=B2=82=E0=B2=A1=E0=B3=8D=E0=B2=B2=E0=B2=BF=E0=B2=A8=E0=B2=95=E0=
=B3=8D=E0=B2=B8 =E0=AE=B5=E0=AE=BE=E0=AE=B4=E0=AF=8D=E0=AE=95!

From mary@home.puzzling.org  Sat Oct 22 19:06:31 2005
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        Subversion and Bazaar (version 2)
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On Sat, Oct 22, 2005, Kenneth Gonsalves wrote:
> incidently, the only free hosting site that offers subversion seems to 
> be berlios.de. Tigris also does, but you need to be doing a high-funda 
> project to get hosting there. Gnu-savannah offers Arch.

http://www.sourcecontrol.net/ offers Bazaar version 1 (which is an Arch
variant, and which we're not covering in this course) hosting. It should
offer Bzr hosting at some point soon.

The most well-known free CVS hosting is at sourceforge:
http://sourceforge.net/

-Mary

From david@aeolia.co.uk  Mon Jan 30 05:08:34 2006
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Subject: Re: [Courses] [Tools] Delay in final lessons
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Mary <mary-linuxchix@puzzling.org> writes:

> Since the final lessons are taking some time to prepare, I'm going
> to be posting them every fortnight rather than every week. I'm also
> deleting "an introduction to version control 3: distributed version
> control" since its content has been moved to other lessons.
> 
> An amended schedule is at
> http://www.linuxchix.org/content/courses/tools/ and the next lesson
> will now be posted Nov 5.

At last I have found time to read through the course, as far as it
goes, and which I had carefully saved.  But what happened to the rest
of the lessons?  I can't find any announcement of a long postponement.

David

-- 

david@aeolia.co.uk


From mary@home.puzzling.org  Tue Jan 31 11:47:39 2006
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On Sun, Jan 29, 2006, David Sumbler wrote:
> Mary <mary-linuxchix@puzzling.org> writes:
> 
> > Since the final lessons are taking some time to prepare, I'm going
> > to be posting them every fortnight rather than every week. I'm also
> > deleting "an introduction to version control 3: distributed version
> > control" since its content has been moved to other lessons.
> > 
> > An amended schedule is at
> > http://www.linuxchix.org/content/courses/tools/ and the next lesson
> > will now be posted Nov 5.
> 
> At last I have found time to read through the course, as far as it
> goes, and which I had carefully saved.  But what happened to the rest
> of the lessons?  I can't find any announcement of a long postponement.

Sorry about that, you're right, I never announced a proper hiatus.

This weekend I will work out when I can commit to writing lessons and
publish a new schedule. It will probably be 3-4 weeks between lessons
rather than 2, but I do hope to resume sometime in February.

-Mary

From lawgon@thenilgiris.com  Tue Jan 31 18:17:43 2006
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On Tuesday 31 Jan 2006 6:17 am, Mary wrote:
> This weekend I will work out when I can commit to writing lessons
> and publish a new schedule. It will probably be 3-4 weeks between
> lessons rather than 2, but I do hope to resume sometime in
> February.

cool - i was afraid that you had lost interest

--=20
regards
kg

http://www.livejournal.com/users/lawgon
tally ho! http://avsap.org.in
=E0=B2=87=E0=B2=82=E0=B2=A1=E0=B3=8D=E0=B2=B2=E0=B2=BF=E0=B2=A8=E0=B2=95=E0=
=B3=8D=E0=B2=B8 =E0=AE=B5=E0=AE=BE=E0=AE=B4=E0=AF=8D=E0=AE=95!

From david@aeolia.co.uk  Tue Jan 31 19:48:04 2006
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Subject: Re: [Courses] [Tools] Delay in final lessons
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From: David Sumbler <david@aeolia.co.uk>
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Mary <mary-linuxchix@puzzling.org> writes:

> On Sun, Jan 29, 2006, David Sumbler wrote:
>> Mary <mary-linuxchix@puzzling.org> writes:
>> 
>> > Since the final lessons are taking some time to prepare, I'm going
>> > to be posting them every fortnight rather than every week. I'm also
>> > deleting "an introduction to version control 3: distributed version
>> > control" since its content has been moved to other lessons.
>> > 
>> > An amended schedule is at
>> > http://www.linuxchix.org/content/courses/tools/ and the next lesson
>> > will now be posted Nov 5.
>> 
>> At last I have found time to read through the course, as far as it
>> goes, and which I had carefully saved.  But what happened to the rest
>> of the lessons?  I can't find any announcement of a long postponement.
>
> Sorry about that, you're right, I never announced a proper hiatus.
>
> This weekend I will work out when I can commit to writing lessons and
> publish a new schedule. It will probably be 3-4 weeks between lessons
> rather than 2, but I do hope to resume sometime in February.

That's great - I'll look forward to it.

David

-- 

david@aeolia.co.uk


From mary@home.puzzling.org  Sat Oct 29 10:05:44 2005
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Hi everyone,

Since the final lessons are taking some time to prepare, I'm going to
be posting them every fortnight rather than every week. I'm also
deleting "an introduction to version control 3: distributed version
control" since its content has been moved to other lessons.

An amended schedule is at
http://www.linuxchix.org/content/courses/tools/ and the next lesson will
now be posted Nov 5.

-Mary

From mary@home.puzzling.org  Fri Jan 20 11:04:40 2006
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Subject: [Courses] [Tools] Gnome Women Bug Day event
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Hi everyone,

This might be of interest to people who were following my "tools for
contributing to Free Software" course, particularly the information on
bug reporting:

http://mailman.linuxchix.org/pipermail/courses/2005-September/001958.html

----- Forwarded message from Mary <mary-linuxchix@puzzling.org> -----

To: announce@linuxchix.org
Subject: Gnome Women Bug Day event

Hi all,

Gnome Women [1] are hosting a bug day [2], in which women interested in
contributing to Gnome development will work on bug triage and improving
bug reports for developers.

     Date: Saturday, January 28th
     Time: 9 AM - 9 PM EST
 Location: #bugs on irc.gnome.org (this is an IRC channel, ask for help
           on techtalk or newchix if you don't know how to access it)
Bug Topic: TBD

   Bugday Masters: Christian Kirbach (nazgul), Luis Villa (luis)
         Deputies: Olav Vitters (bkor), Guilherme Pastore (fatalerror)
Gnome Women Hosts: M=C3=A1ir=C3=ADn Duffy (mizmo), Christine Spang (chris=
tine)

[1] http://live.gnome.org/GnomeWomen
[2] http://live.gnome.org/Bugsquad/BugDays

----- End forwarded message -----

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Hi all,

Sorry both about the unannounced hiatus and my failure to announce the
timetable for completion of the course.

There are four lessons remaining. Unfortunately due to other
commitments I'm going to have to space them out. However, that's better
than no completion :)

Here's the timetable:

 Sun Mar 26 2006: checking out, making a change, and committing it
 Sun Apr 16 2006: conflicts: what happens when your changes clash?
 Sun May 7 2006: setting up your own repository
 Sun May 28 2006: simple distributed version control with Bazaar

-Mary

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I'm catching up with this, so sorry it's late.

I do a lot of typo-reporting in PO files, but have rarely reported a =20
functional bug in an application. These tasks will be very useful for =20=

me. I'm already registered with Launchpad (Ubuntu Bugzilla) and have =20
reported msgid typos there.

Drat, I went to my People page, and searching Bugs there only =20
searches for bugs assigned to me. So searching for Firefox there got =20
me nothing.

Back to the parent Launchpad pages, then Bugs...

Launchpad -> Bugs -> Bugs in Upstream Products -> Jump to bugs in =20
product |Firefox| ...

Results: 4 links, one of them to Firefox. Click on that link...

General page on Firefox, Bugs link on the right probably gives more =20
bug-related details, but several "latest" bugs are shown in a sidebar =20=

on the RHS. Choose one, grab the link...

1.1. Find a bug in Firefox:

https://launchpad.net/products/firefox/+bug/18401

This is new, unconfirmed.

1.2. Find a bug that has been filed but not confirmed.

Back to the main Malone page. Clicking on Find and View Ubuntu Bugs =20
seems like a good choice. Malone is still keen to show me bugs =20
assigned to me. It's like a murdered albatross, having bugs assigned =20
to you here, they will hang around your neck wherever you go!

OK, I don't need to use the Advanced search, because there's a =20
NEEDINFO in the list on this page. Grab...

https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+source/sudo/+bug/5100

I've responded to one or two NEEDINFOs before, so I do recognize that =20=

status. I try to make sure as much relevant info as possible is in =20
the original bug report. In my case, that means the actual strings =20
from the PO file, including reference headers, what is wrong, how to =20
fix it, grammatic explanations if useful, and additional references =20
(e.g. to the gettext manual). The couple of NEEDINFOs to which I've =20
responded, have been queries about how to do something a certain way =20
with PO files, and I've taken those queries to the various =20
internationalization (i18n) lists, then returned with the data. I've =20
found this kind of thorough bug reporting does create change, so it's =20=

worth the time invested.

1.3. Find a bug that has been fixed (status RESOLVED).

The list on that page does not include a RESOLVED bug, so I'll use =20
the Advanced search... link at the top of the page...

The status RESOLVED does not appear to exist in this bug-tracker. =20
Status FIX COMMITTED and FIX RELEASED do exist. FIX COMMITTED sounds =20
closest to RESOLVED. Searching by that status only... no other =20
constraints...

https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+source/ubuntu-docs/+bug/2704

I've grabbed a doc. bug, because that's more my kind of activity.

1.4. Find a bug that has been rejected (as bugs found in my kitchen =20
usually are), status WONTFIX=09
Same search, this time by "priority" (in this bug-tracker) WONTFIX...

https://launchpad.net/distros/ubuntu/+source/linux-source-2.6.15/+bug/=20=

12911

This interests me, because the bug title is that the install freezes =20
on the language choice screen. This would be critical to =20
translations, and it is marked critical. What happened?

Ah, it turns out to be a BIOS issue, and updating the BIOS fixed =20
that, and several other problems for this user. Great. :)  It wasn't =20
rejected for any reason of accuracy or quality or sheer bad hair day, =20=

it just wasn't relevant to that software.

Now, moving on, I don't use a Free Software distro. I run Mac OSX =20
10.4.5. However, I do translate for a large number of OSS projects. =20
I'll choose one of them for the next lot of tasks. I'll choose KDE, =20
since I've only just started with that project.

2.1 Where is your distribution's bug tracker?

KDE uses Bugzilla. Their Bugzilla is at:

http://bugs.kde.org/

2.2 Find a bug that has been filed against a piece of software you use.

I'll find a bug filed against a piece of software I'm translating. =20
I'm currently translating kdelibs.

Logging in ... I find the Bugzilla software has problems with my =20
ISP's practice of rotating IP addresses. Where Launchpad and many =20
other sites can log me in automatically from my cookies, Bugzilla =20
can't, and will even log me out in between pages. ID based on IP is =20
not, IMHO, very reliable. The Bugzilla admins at Gnome have hacked =20
their Bugzilla not to log me out, because I report so many typos, =20
reliably. So if you have problems with bug-reporting, do ask your =20
admins. They want your bug reports. :)

I've chosen kdelibs, then knotify (because I remember strings I've =20
translated for it), then CVS, because I translate from CVS, the =20
latest data. I can install KDE (and any Linux/UNIX) software on Mac =20
OSX, so I've chosen "Mac OSX (fink)". I get a lot of my packages via =20
fink, but also from DarwinPorts, and by downloading source from =20
different places. The base system is installed already. System: OSX. =20
Searching...

Nothing. :(

I'll try again, might do better by widening the search. kdelibs/=20
kbabel editor is more likely, kbabel being used so widely by us =20
translators. (Can't run it on OSX due to an X11 incapacity for =20
displaying or entering my language, but that's not a kbabel bug. I =20
did report it against kbabel originally, but we worked out after a =20
while, that it was an X11 problem, and I've reported it to Apple.

Nope, nothing. I wonder if I can look for ANYTHING reported for my =20
system? No, trying kbabel again, for OSX, but the last stable release..

Nothing. This is getting frustrating. I think I'd better pretend I =20
use another system. I'll try kbabel 6.1 (last full number, so =20
probably last stable release) from Ubuntu packages, on All systems.

Still nothing. Either good news, or lack of info, for the kbabel =20
developers.

Trying kbabel, all possible components, all versions, all systems, =20
all everything!

Yay! Bugs found.

https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=3D30032

Ah, this person is also on a Mac, but running Linux. I think a =20
comment would be useful here, though...

2.3 See if you can replicate the bug described in 2.2. If not, why
        not? If so, can you see anything missing from the bug report?
        Tell us about it.

The bug report was extremely brief, via the bugreporter program. It =20
didn't include any screenshots of the display problem. There was no =20
follow-up, after the developer offered to send the latest release to =20
the person reporting.

I can't replicate this bug, since I'm not running Linux, but I can =20
certainly replicate my bug, an identical one, on OSX. Running kbabel, =20=

you require x11, and any characters outside the Latin-1 charset will =20
not display correctly, and can't be input correctly. Critical: can't =20
use the app. for translation, for which it is designed.

2.4 Think of a problem you have with software on your distribution.
        See if you can find out whether a bug has been filed against it
        yet. (Tell us the search terms you used.) If there doesn't seem
        to be a bug, draft a bug report and send it to us, and we'll =20
help
        you file it.

I still have the problem mentioned above. I have filed a bug against =20
it. But I think it must be too old, because searching under Kbabel =20
and OSX does not bring up any reports. I've input a comment on the =20
above, related bug, asking the developer if he has heard anything =20
about my bug, and the X11 problem that makes kbabel unusable for us.

Searching for _any_ bug against kbabel and OSX:

kbabel | (component) all | (version) all | (packages) all | (system) =20
OSX | (status, severity etc.) all

produces no results. :(

I could re-file my bug, but since it seems to be an X11 problem, I =20
don't want to file it against kbabel.

Does anyone know how to search for bugs at Apple, and find out their =20
status?

Searching for "bug X11" at Apple only gets me info about other =20
products, or "this update fixes bugs" media stuff.

<quite some time later>

I've registered for their new support fora, and asked questions about =20=

"how to track bugs" and "what do they think the problem is" on the =20
appropriate forum. I've always found the Apple Support discussion =20
lists very helpful. Thanks for encouraging me to keep trying with =20
this. :)

OK, that's this lot of tasks. The mail is pretty long! I'm off to the =20=

next lesson...

from Clytie (vi-VN, Vietnamese free-software translation team / nh=C3=B3m =
=20
Vi=E1=BB=87t h=C3=B3a ph=E1=BA=A7n m=E1=BB=81m t=E1=BB=B1 do)
http://groups-beta.google.com/group/vi-VN



--Apple-Mail-3-1058229357--

From clytie@riverland.net.au  Fri Mar 17 17:32:09 2006
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Hello all :)

It's interesting to reflect on Mary's discussion of the relative =20
maturity, and current use of CVS, SVN and Bazaar.

In my peripatetic r=C3=B4le as open-source translator, I'm not still =20
encountering CVS as the most likely VCS for Free Software. Both large =20=

and small projects are moving to SVN.

KDE did it quite some time ago.

Gnome is shifting its whole repository from CVS to SVN right now.

Debian, being distributed, uses a number of systems, but more files =20
are in SVN, and new projects tend to use SVN.

Xfce uses SVN: I don't know when they switched over.

What about other users here? What are you seeing in your projects? :)

from Clytie (vi-VN, Vietnamese free-software translation team / nh=C3=B3m =
=20
Vi=E1=BB=87t h=C3=B3a ph=E1=BA=A7n m=E1=BB=81m t=E1=BB=B1 do)
http://groups-beta.google.com/group/vi-VN



From lawgon@thenilgiris.com  Fri Mar 17 17:42:18 2006
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To: courses@linuxchix.org
Subject: Re: [Courses] [Tools] CVS
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On Friday 17 Mar 2006 12:02 pm, Clytie Siddall wrote:
> In my peripatetic r=C3=B4le as open-source translator, I'm not still =C2=
=A0
> encountering CVS as the most likely VCS for Free Software. Both
> large =C2=A0 and small projects are moving to SVN.

thing is sourceforge uses cvs, and the vast majority of free=20
software developers (especially the smaller ones) are there.=20
Berlios offers svn, but it is small and i think they have just one=20
box to host everything and that is down quite often.

--=20
regards
kg

http://www.livejournal.com/users/lawgon
tally ho! http://avsap.org.in
=E0=B2=87=E0=B2=82=E0=B2=A1=E0=B3=8D=E0=B2=B2=E0=B2=BF=E0=B2=A8=E0=B2=95=E0=
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From clytie@riverland.net.au  Fri Mar 17 17:59:22 2006
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On 17/03/2006, at 5:13 PM, Kenneth Gonsalves wrote:

> On Friday 17 Mar 2006 12:02 pm, Clytie Siddall wrote:
>> In my peripatetic r=C3=B4le as open-source translator, I'm not still
>> encountering CVS as the most likely VCS for Free Software. Both
>> large   and small projects are moving to SVN.
>
> thing is sourceforge uses cvs, and the vast majority of free
> software developers (especially the smaller ones) are there.
> Berlios offers svn, but it is small and i think they have just one
> box to host everything and that is down quite often.
>
I forgot to mention SF. They said in their newsletter recently that =20
they had trialled a SVN service, were pleased with it and were =20
expanding it, eventually to replace CVS. That was one of the things =20
that made me realize the switch was happening.

I didn't have any trouble with the Xfce files at Berlios. But I don't =20=

use it often.

from Clytie (vi-VN, Vietnamese free-software translation team / nh=C3=B3m =
=20
Vi=E1=BB=87t h=C3=B3a ph=E1=BA=A7n m=E1=BB=81m t=E1=BB=B1 do)
http://groups-beta.google.com/group/vi-VN



From lawgon@thenilgiris.com  Fri Mar 17 18:58:45 2006
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On Friday 17 Mar 2006 12:29 pm, Clytie Siddall wrote:
> I didn't have any trouble with the Xfce files at Berlios. But I
> don't =C2=A0 use it often.

its only when you are commiting regularly that you notice it -=20
usually when you have commited something wrong and are desperate to=20
change it before someone downloads it ;-)

--=20
regards
kg

http://www.livejournal.com/users/lawgon
tally ho! http://avsap.org.in
=E0=B2=87=E0=B2=82=E0=B2=A1=E0=B3=8D=E0=B2=B2=E0=B2=BF=E0=B2=A8=E0=B2=95=E0=
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From clytie@riverland.net.au  Fri Mar 17 17:41:56 2006
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Hi everyone :)

To add to the helpful info. in Mary's lesson, on Mac OSX we have the =20
following GUI clients:

LinCVS, cross-platform CVS GUI client (also runs on Linux/UNIX and =20
Windows)
http://www.lincvs.org/

svnX, SVN client for OSX only
http://www.lachoseinteractive.net/en/community/subversion/svnx/features/

I use both, and can recommend them.

I also put together a very basic "What do these commands in my menu =20
mean?" intro. to CVS and SVN for users of the Mac OSX text editor =20
BBEdit, in our CMS:

CVS: http://bbeditgems.com/node/61
SVN: http://bbeditgems.com/node/62

if you come across anyone who would benefit from something very =20
basic. :)  The info. is general.

I also find the Subversion reference in the GnuCash wiki really good:

http://wiki.gnucash.org/wiki/Subversion

especially the "CVS to SVN Cross Reference", if you're switching =20
over, or comparing the two.

I hope this is useful. :)

from Clytie (vi-VN, Vietnamese free-software translation team / nh=C3=B3m =
=20
Vi=E1=BB=87t h=C3=B3a ph=E1=BA=A7n m=E1=BB=81m t=E1=BB=B1 do)
http://groups-beta.google.com/group/vi-VN



From clytie@riverland.net.au  Fri Mar 17 17:52:46 2006
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Hello again :)

Still working my way through the earlier lessons...

Checking my Python install:
___
Pearl:~ clytie$ python
Python 2.4.1 (#1, Jul  1 2005, 13:59:30)
[GCC 4.0.0 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 5026)] on darwin
___

I'm just updating fink to find out what the latest available Python =20
is for OSX... yes, there is a 2.4.2-4 available in unstable. I'll =20
install it.

I do like the distributed model for version control. I really hadn't =20
thought about it before. I don't know how well it would work for =20
translation, where merging usually means a lot of manual editing.

from Clytie (vi-VN, Vietnamese free-software translation team / nh=C3=B3m =
=20
Vi=E1=BB=87t h=C3=B3a ph=E1=BA=A7n m=E1=BB=81m t=E1=BB=B1 do)
http://groups-beta.google.com/group/vi-VN



From jennyw@dangerousideas.com  Sat Mar 18 16:17:40 2006
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Clytie Siddall wrote:
 > I'm just updating fink to find out what the latest available Python 
is for OSX... yes, there is a 2.4.2-4 available in unstable. I'll 
install it.

For Mac OS X, I've found that DarwinPorts[1] works better than Fink for 
most software. Of course, since it builds from source before installing, 
this can take a while.

Jen

1: http://darwinports.opendarwin.org/


From clytie@riverland.net.au  Sat Mar 18 22:19:34 2006
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On 18/03/2006, at 3:41 PM, jennyw wrote:

> For Mac OS X, I've found that DarwinPorts[1] works better than Fink =20=

> for most software. Of course, since it builds from source before =20
> installing, this can take a while.

Yes, I've been looking at DarwinPorts, have got it ready to go. :)

from Clytie (vi-VN, Vietnamese free-software translation team / nh=C3=B3m =
=20
Vi=E1=BB=87t h=C3=B3a ph=E1=BA=A7n m=E1=BB=81m t=E1=BB=B1 do)
http://groups-beta.google.com/group/vi-VN



From clytie@riverland.net.au  Sat Mar 18 22:24:50 2006
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On 17/03/2006, at 11:06 PM, Catherine Devlin wrote:

> I'm also confused about whether, for instance, I need to run bzr from
> the top-level directory.  (Do I need to be in versioned/projects to
> issue "bzr merge media/usbdisk/versioned/projects", or can I issue it
> from a lower-level directory like versioned/projects/myProject1/ ?
> And if I do issue it from there, should I issue "bzr merge
> media/usbdisk/versioned/projects/myProject1" instead?  etc.)

I have a similar confusion about SVN. In my text editor, which =20
handles CVS, SVN and Perforce (I only use the first two), when =20
setting my preferences for SVN, I'm asked for the root dir. Same in =20
my SVN GUI, svnx.

Now, with CVS, the root directory can be any dir. which has a sub-=20
directory containing versioned files, i.e. a sub-directory with its =20
own CVS sub-sub-directory.

But with SVN, it seems that you can't choose a "root" directory, =20
unless _it_ contains versioned files.

In my working copies, since I'm doing translations, I have lots of =20
individual dirs. with their own translations, within an umbrella dir. =20=

hierarchy.

With CVS, I can simply set the root dir. as "Gnome", for example, and =20=

that includes all the gnome dirs. under it which have versioned files.

With SVN, it looks like I have to select separate "root" folders, and =20=

create separate settings, for each dir. which has versioned =20
files. :S  That's hundreds of separate dirs!

I really don't understand this. It's one thing I'll be really glad to =20=

clear up.

As I said in another mail, I really want to fill in the difference =20
between being able to use something for specific tasks, and actually =20
understanding it.

from Clytie (vi-VN, Vietnamese free-software translation team / nh=C3=B3m =
=20
Vi=E1=BB=87t h=C3=B3a ph=E1=BA=A7n m=E1=BB=81m t=E1=BB=B1 do)
http://groups-beta.google.com/group/vi-VN



From mary@home.puzzling.org  Wed Oct 12 16:20:41 2005
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Hi everyone,

Since we're going to work with bzr later in the course, I thought I'd
forewarn people that bzr requires that you have both Python 2.4
installed, and the ElementTree Python module.

To see what Python version you have installed, try typing "python" on
the command line. It will output a number of lines in response, one of
them will look something like this:

Python 2.4.1 (#2, Mar 30 2005, 21:51:10)

[you can then press Ctrl+d to exit]

If the number after Python is not 2.4.x, you don't have Python 2.4. If
it's not included in your distribution, you can install it from here for
RPM based distributions: http://www.python.org/2.4/rpms.html

You can install ElementTree from
http://effbot.org/zone/element-index.htm

If you need more help with this, this thread is the right place to start,
and techtalk is the next place. If you can, let us know which
distribution and which version of it you are running. You can ask in
#tools-course on irc.linuxchix.org too.

If all this becomes just too hard, you are of course welcome to skip or
skim the bzr portions of the course, just like you can skip other bits.
CVS and Subversion will be more easily installable.

-Mary

From mary@home.puzzling.org  Wed Oct 12 16:23:39 2005
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On Wed, Oct 12, 2005, Mary wrote:
> If the number after Python is not 2.4.x, you don't have Python 2.4. If
> it's not included in your distribution, you can install it from here for
> RPM based distributions: http://www.python.org/2.4/rpms.html
> 
> You can install ElementTree from
> http://effbot.org/zone/element-index.htm

Note, if Python 2.4 or ElementTree (often packaged as python-elementtree
and sometimes as python2.4-elementtree) are available as packages built
by your distribution, it is better to install them directly from your
distribution. I don't have a lot of distros around to survey at the
moment, but Ubuntu 5.04 and 5.10 have it, and I suspect Debian
testing/unstable does too.

-Mary

From mary@home.puzzling.org  Mon Oct 24 11:29:22 2005
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Date: Mon, 24 Oct 2005 11:29:20 +1000
From: Mary <mary-linuxchix@puzzling.org>
To: courses@linuxchix.org
Subject: Re: [Courses] [Tool] Prerequisites for installing bzr
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The following information for Gentoo users was sent off-list:

Info for gentoo users
bzr is still being tested, so you need to add this line in
/etc/portage/package.keywords:
   dev-util/bzr ~x86
(or ~amd64, or ~ppc). elementtree is in portage and will be installed
when you ask for bzr.