Localisation updates for core from translatewiki.net

[mediawiki.git] / languages / Language.php

<?php
/**
 * @defgroup Language Language
 *
 * @file
 * @ingroup Language
 */

if( !defined( 'MEDIAWIKI' ) ) {
        echo "This file is part of MediaWiki, it is not a valid entry point.\n";
        exit( 1 );
}

# Read language names
global $wgLanguageNames;
require_once( dirname(__FILE__) . '/Names.php' ) ;

global $wgInputEncoding, $wgOutputEncoding;

/**
 * These are always UTF-8, they exist only for backwards compatibility
 */
$wgInputEncoding    = "UTF-8";
$wgOutputEncoding       = "UTF-8";

if( function_exists( 'mb_strtoupper' ) ) {
        mb_internal_encoding('UTF-8');
}

/**
 * a fake language converter
 *
 * @ingroup Language
 */
class FakeConverter {
        var $mLang;
        function FakeConverter($langobj) {$this->mLang = $langobj;}
        function autoConvertToAllVariants($text) {return $text;}
        function convert($t, $i) {return $t;}
        function parserConvert($t, $p) {return $t;}
        function getVariants() { return array( $this->mLang->getCode() ); }
        function getPreferredVariant() {return $this->mLang->getCode(); }
        function findVariantLink(&$l, &$n, $ignoreOtherCond = false) {}
        function getExtraHashOptions() {return '';}
        function getParsedTitle() {return '';}
        function markNoConversion($text, $noParse=false) {return $text;}
        function convertCategoryKey( $key ) {return $key; }
        function convertLinkToAllVariants($text){ return array( $this->mLang->getCode() => $text); }
        function armourMath($text){ return $text; }
}

/**
 * Internationalisation code
 * @ingroup Language
 */
class Language {
        var $mConverter, $mVariants, $mCode, $mLoaded = false;
        var $mMagicExtensions = array(), $mMagicHookDone = false;

        var $mNamespaceIds, $namespaceNames, $namespaceAliases;
        var $dateFormatStrings = array();
        var $minSearchLength;
        var $mExtendedSpecialPageAliases;

        static public $dataCache;
        static public $mLangObjCache = array();

        static public $mWeekdayMsgs = array(
                'sunday', 'monday', 'tuesday', 'wednesday', 'thursday',
                'friday', 'saturday'
        );

        static public $mWeekdayAbbrevMsgs = array(
                'sun', 'mon', 'tue', 'wed', 'thu', 'fri', 'sat'
        );

        static public $mMonthMsgs = array(
                'january', 'february', 'march', 'april', 'may_long', 'june',
                'july', 'august', 'september', 'october', 'november',
                'december'
        );
        static public $mMonthGenMsgs = array(
                'january-gen', 'february-gen', 'march-gen', 'april-gen', 'may-gen', 'june-gen',
                'july-gen', 'august-gen', 'september-gen', 'october-gen', 'november-gen',
                'december-gen'
        );
        static public $mMonthAbbrevMsgs = array(
                'jan', 'feb', 'mar', 'apr', 'may', 'jun', 'jul', 'aug',
                'sep', 'oct', 'nov', 'dec'
        );

        static public $mIranianCalendarMonthMsgs = array(
                'iranian-calendar-m1', 'iranian-calendar-m2', 'iranian-calendar-m3',
                'iranian-calendar-m4', 'iranian-calendar-m5', 'iranian-calendar-m6',
                'iranian-calendar-m7', 'iranian-calendar-m8', 'iranian-calendar-m9',
                'iranian-calendar-m10', 'iranian-calendar-m11', 'iranian-calendar-m12'
        );

        static public $mHebrewCalendarMonthMsgs = array(
                'hebrew-calendar-m1', 'hebrew-calendar-m2', 'hebrew-calendar-m3',
                'hebrew-calendar-m4', 'hebrew-calendar-m5', 'hebrew-calendar-m6',
                'hebrew-calendar-m7', 'hebrew-calendar-m8', 'hebrew-calendar-m9',
                'hebrew-calendar-m10', 'hebrew-calendar-m11', 'hebrew-calendar-m12',
                'hebrew-calendar-m6a', 'hebrew-calendar-m6b'
        );

        static public $mHebrewCalendarMonthGenMsgs = array(
                'hebrew-calendar-m1-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m2-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m3-gen',
                'hebrew-calendar-m4-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m5-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m6-gen',
                'hebrew-calendar-m7-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m8-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m9-gen',
                'hebrew-calendar-m10-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m11-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m12-gen',
                'hebrew-calendar-m6a-gen', 'hebrew-calendar-m6b-gen'
        );
        
        static public $mHijriCalendarMonthMsgs = array(
                'hijri-calendar-m1', 'hijri-calendar-m2', 'hijri-calendar-m3',
                'hijri-calendar-m4', 'hijri-calendar-m5', 'hijri-calendar-m6',
                'hijri-calendar-m7', 'hijri-calendar-m8', 'hijri-calendar-m9',
                'hijri-calendar-m10', 'hijri-calendar-m11', 'hijri-calendar-m12'
        );

        /**
         * Get a cached language object for a given language code
         */
        static function factory( $code ) {
                if ( !isset( self::$mLangObjCache[$code] ) ) {
                        if( count( self::$mLangObjCache ) > 10 ) {
                                // Don't keep a billion objects around, that's stupid.
                                self::$mLangObjCache = array();
                        }
                        self::$mLangObjCache[$code] = self::newFromCode( $code );
                }
                return self::$mLangObjCache[$code];
        }

        /**
         * Create a language object for a given language code
         */
        protected static function newFromCode( $code ) {
                global $IP;
                static $recursionLevel = 0;
                if ( $code == 'en' ) {
                        $class = 'Language';
                } else {
                        $class = 'Language' . str_replace( '-', '_', ucfirst( $code ) );
                        // Preload base classes to work around APC/PHP5 bug
                        if ( file_exists( "$IP/languages/classes/$class.deps.php" ) ) {
                                include_once("$IP/languages/classes/$class.deps.php");
                        }
                        if ( file_exists( "$IP/languages/classes/$class.php" ) ) {
                                include_once("$IP/languages/classes/$class.php");
                        }
                }

                if ( $recursionLevel > 5 ) {
                        throw new MWException( "Language fallback loop detected when creating class $class\n" );
                }       

                if( ! class_exists( $class ) ) {
                        $fallback = Language::getFallbackFor( $code );
                        ++$recursionLevel;
                        $lang = Language::newFromCode( $fallback );
                        --$recursionLevel;
                        $lang->setCode( $code );
                } else {
                        $lang = new $class;
                }
                return $lang;
        }

        /**
         * Get the LocalisationCache instance
         */
        public static function getLocalisationCache() {
                if ( is_null( self::$dataCache ) ) {
                        global $wgLocalisationCacheConf;
                        $class = $wgLocalisationCacheConf['class'];
                        self::$dataCache = new $class( $wgLocalisationCacheConf );
                }
                return self::$dataCache;
        }

        function __construct() {
                $this->mConverter = new FakeConverter($this);
                // Set the code to the name of the descendant
                if ( get_class( $this ) == 'Language' ) {
                        $this->mCode = 'en';
                } else {
                        $this->mCode = str_replace( '_', '-', strtolower( substr( get_class( $this ), 8 ) ) );
                }
                self::getLocalisationCache();
        }

        /**
         * Reduce memory usage
         */
        function __destruct() {
                foreach ( $this as $name => $value ) {
                        unset( $this->$name );
                }
        }

        /**
         * Hook which will be called if this is the content language.
         * Descendants can use this to register hook functions or modify globals
         */
        function initContLang() {}

        /**
         * @deprecated Use User::getDefaultOptions()
         * @return array
         */
        function getDefaultUserOptions() {
                wfDeprecated( __METHOD__ );
                return User::getDefaultOptions();
        }

        function getFallbackLanguageCode() {
                if ( $this->mCode === 'en' ) {
                        return false;
                } else {
                        return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'fallback' );
                }
        }

        /**
         * Exports $wgBookstoreListEn
         * @return array
         */
        function getBookstoreList() {
                return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'bookstoreList' );
        }

        /**
         * @return array
         */
        function getNamespaces() {
                if ( is_null( $this->namespaceNames ) ) {
                        global $wgExtraNamespaces, $wgMetaNamespace, $wgMetaNamespaceTalk;
                        
                        $this->namespaceNames = self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'namespaceNames' );
                        if ( $wgExtraNamespaces ) {
                                $this->namespaceNames = $wgExtraNamespaces + $this->namespaceNames;
                        }

                        $this->namespaceNames[NS_PROJECT] = $wgMetaNamespace;
                        if ( $wgMetaNamespaceTalk ) {
                                $this->namespaceNames[NS_PROJECT_TALK] = $wgMetaNamespaceTalk;
                        } else {
                                $talk = $this->namespaceNames[NS_PROJECT_TALK];
                                $this->namespaceNames[NS_PROJECT_TALK] =
                                        $this->fixVariableInNamespace( $talk );
                        }
                        
                        # The above mixing may leave namespaces out of canonical order.
                        # Re-order by namespace ID number...
                        ksort( $this->namespaceNames );
                }
                return $this->namespaceNames;
        }

        /**
         * A convenience function that returns the same thing as
         * getNamespaces() except with the array values changed to ' '
         * where it found '_', useful for producing output to be displayed
         * e.g. in <select> forms.
         *
         * @return array
         */
        function getFormattedNamespaces() {
                $ns = $this->getNamespaces();
                foreach($ns as $k => $v) {
                        $ns[$k] = strtr($v, '_', ' ');
                }
                return $ns;
        }

        /**
         * Get a namespace value by key
         * <code>
         * $mw_ns = $wgContLang->getNsText( NS_MEDIAWIKI );
         * echo $mw_ns; // prints 'MediaWiki'
         * </code>
         *
         * @param $index Int: the array key of the namespace to return
         * @return mixed, string if the namespace value exists, otherwise false
         */
        function getNsText( $index ) {
                $ns = $this->getNamespaces();
                return isset( $ns[$index] ) ? $ns[$index] : false;
        }

        /**
         * A convenience function that returns the same thing as
         * getNsText() except with '_' changed to ' ', useful for
         * producing output.
         *
         * @return array
         */
        function getFormattedNsText( $index ) {
                $ns = $this->getNsText( $index );
                return strtr($ns, '_', ' ');
        }

        /**
         * Get a namespace key by value, case insensitive.
         * Only matches namespace names for the current language, not the
         * canonical ones defined in Namespace.php.
         *
         * @param $text String
         * @return mixed An integer if $text is a valid value otherwise false
         */
        function getLocalNsIndex( $text ) {
                $lctext = $this->lc($text);
                $ids = $this->getNamespaceIds();
                return isset( $ids[$lctext] ) ? $ids[$lctext] : false;
        }

        function getNamespaceAliases() {
                if ( is_null( $this->namespaceAliases ) ) {
                        $aliases = self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'namespaceAliases' );
                        if ( !$aliases ) {
                                $aliases = array();
                        } else {
                                foreach ( $aliases as $name => $index ) {
                                        if ( $index === NS_PROJECT_TALK ) {
                                                unset( $aliases[$name] );
                                                $name = $this->fixVariableInNamespace( $name );
                                                $aliases[$name] = $index;
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                        $this->namespaceAliases = $aliases;
                }
                return $this->namespaceAliases;
        }

        function getNamespaceIds() {
                if ( is_null( $this->mNamespaceIds ) ) {
                        global $wgNamespaceAliases;
                        # Put namespace names and aliases into a hashtable.
                        # If this is too slow, then we should arrange it so that it is done 
                        # before caching. The catch is that at pre-cache time, the above
                        # class-specific fixup hasn't been done.
                        $this->mNamespaceIds = array();
                        foreach ( $this->getNamespaces() as $index => $name ) {
                                $this->mNamespaceIds[$this->lc($name)] = $index;
                        }
                        foreach ( $this->getNamespaceAliases() as $name => $index ) {
                                $this->mNamespaceIds[$this->lc($name)] = $index;
                        }
                        if ( $wgNamespaceAliases ) {
                                foreach ( $wgNamespaceAliases as $name => $index ) {
                                        $this->mNamespaceIds[$this->lc($name)] = $index;
                                }
                        }
                }
                return $this->mNamespaceIds;
        }


        /**
         * Get a namespace key by value, case insensitive.  Canonical namespace
         * names override custom ones defined for the current language.
         *
         * @param $text String
         * @return mixed An integer if $text is a valid value otherwise false
         */
        function getNsIndex( $text ) {
                $lctext = $this->lc($text);
                if ( ( $ns = MWNamespace::getCanonicalIndex( $lctext ) ) !== null ) {
                        return $ns;
                }
                $ids = $this->getNamespaceIds();
                return isset( $ids[$lctext] ) ? $ids[$lctext] : false;
        }

        /**
         * short names for language variants used for language conversion links.
         *
         * @param $code String
         * @return string
         */
        function getVariantname( $code ) {
                return $this->getMessageFromDB( "variantname-$code" );
        }

        function specialPage( $name ) {
                $aliases = $this->getSpecialPageAliases();
                if ( isset( $aliases[$name][0] ) ) {
                        $name = $aliases[$name][0];
                }
                return $this->getNsText( NS_SPECIAL ) . ':' . $name;
        }

        function getQuickbarSettings() {
                return array(
                        $this->getMessage( 'qbsettings-none' ),
                        $this->getMessage( 'qbsettings-fixedleft' ),
                        $this->getMessage( 'qbsettings-fixedright' ),
                        $this->getMessage( 'qbsettings-floatingleft' ),
                        $this->getMessage( 'qbsettings-floatingright' )
                );
        }

        function getMathNames() {
                return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'mathNames' );
        }

        function getDatePreferences() {
                return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'datePreferences' );
        }
        
        function getDateFormats() {
                return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'dateFormats' );
        }

        function getDefaultDateFormat() {
                $df = self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'defaultDateFormat' );
                if ( $df === 'dmy or mdy' ) {
                        global $wgAmericanDates;
                        return $wgAmericanDates ? 'mdy' : 'dmy';
                } else {
                        return $df;
                }
        }

        function getDatePreferenceMigrationMap() {
                return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'datePreferenceMigrationMap' );
        }

        function getImageFile( $image ) {
                return self::$dataCache->getSubitem( $this->mCode, 'imageFiles', $image );
        }

        function getDefaultUserOptionOverrides() {
                return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'defaultUserOptionOverrides' );
        }

        function getExtraUserToggles() {
                return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'extraUserToggles' );
        }

        function getUserToggle( $tog ) {
                return $this->getMessageFromDB( "tog-$tog" );
        }

        /**
         * Get language names, indexed by code.
         * If $customisedOnly is true, only returns codes with a messages file
         */
        public static function getLanguageNames( $customisedOnly = false ) {
                global $wgLanguageNames, $wgExtraLanguageNames;
                $allNames = $wgExtraLanguageNames + $wgLanguageNames;
                if ( !$customisedOnly ) {
                        return $allNames;
                }
                
                global $IP;
                $names = array();
                $dir = opendir( "$IP/languages/messages" );
                while( false !== ( $file = readdir( $dir ) ) ) {
                        $m = array();
                        if( preg_match( '/Messages([A-Z][a-z_]+)\.php$/', $file, $m ) ) {
                                $code = str_replace( '_', '-', strtolower( $m[1] ) );
                                if ( isset( $allNames[$code] ) ) {
                                        $names[$code] = $allNames[$code];
                                }
                        }
                }
                closedir( $dir );
                return $names;
        }

        /**
         * Get a message from the MediaWiki namespace.
         *
         * @param $msg String: message name
         * @return string
         */
        function getMessageFromDB( $msg ) {
                return wfMsgExt( $msg, array( 'parsemag', 'language' => $this ) );
        }

        function getLanguageName( $code ) {
                $names = self::getLanguageNames();
                if ( !array_key_exists( $code, $names ) ) {
                        return '';
                }
                return $names[$code];
        }

        function getMonthName( $key ) {
                return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::$mMonthMsgs[$key-1] );
        }

        function getMonthNameGen( $key ) {
                return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::$mMonthGenMsgs[$key-1] );
        }

        function getMonthAbbreviation( $key ) {
                return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::$mMonthAbbrevMsgs[$key-1] );
        }

        function getWeekdayName( $key ) {
                return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::$mWeekdayMsgs[$key-1] );
        }

        function getWeekdayAbbreviation( $key ) {
                return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::$mWeekdayAbbrevMsgs[$key-1] );
        }

        function getIranianCalendarMonthName( $key ) {
                return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::$mIranianCalendarMonthMsgs[$key-1] );
        }

        function getHebrewCalendarMonthName( $key ) {
                return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::$mHebrewCalendarMonthMsgs[$key-1] );
        }

        function getHebrewCalendarMonthNameGen( $key ) {
                return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::$mHebrewCalendarMonthGenMsgs[$key-1] );
        }
        
        function getHijriCalendarMonthName( $key ) {
                return $this->getMessageFromDB( self::$mHijriCalendarMonthMsgs[$key-1] );
        }
        
        /**
         * Used by date() and time() to adjust the time output.
         *
         * @param $ts Int the time in date('YmdHis') format
         * @param $tz Mixed: adjust the time by this amount (default false, mean we
         *            get user timecorrection setting)
         * @return int
         */
        function userAdjust( $ts, $tz = false ) {
                global $wgUser, $wgLocalTZoffset;

                if ( $tz === false ) {
                        $tz = $wgUser->getOption( 'timecorrection' );
                }

                $data = explode( '|', $tz, 3 );

                if ( $data[0] == 'ZoneInfo' ) {
                        if ( function_exists( 'timezone_open' ) && @timezone_open( $data[2] ) !== false ) {
                                $date = date_create( $ts, timezone_open( 'UTC' ) );
                                date_timezone_set( $date, timezone_open( $data[2] ) );
                                $date = date_format( $date, 'YmdHis' );
                                return $date;
                        }
                        # Unrecognized timezone, default to 'Offset' with the stored offset.
                        $data[0] = 'Offset';
                }

                $minDiff = 0;
                if ( $data[0] == 'System' || $tz == '' ) {
                        # Global offset in minutes.
                        if( isset($wgLocalTZoffset) ) $minDiff = $wgLocalTZoffset;
                } else if ( $data[0] == 'Offset' ) {
                        $minDiff = intval( $data[1] );
                } else {
                        $data = explode( ':', $tz );
                        if( count( $data ) == 2 ) {
                                $data[0] = intval( $data[0] );
                                $data[1] = intval( $data[1] );
                                $minDiff = abs( $data[0] ) * 60 + $data[1];
                                if ( $data[0] < 0 ) $minDiff = -$minDiff;
                        } else {
                                $minDiff = intval( $data[0] ) * 60;
                        }
                }

                # No difference ? Return time unchanged
                if ( 0 == $minDiff ) return $ts;

                wfSuppressWarnings(); // E_STRICT system time bitching
                # Generate an adjusted date; take advantage of the fact that mktime
                # will normalize out-of-range values so we don't have to split $minDiff 
                # into hours and minutes.
                $t = mktime( (
                  (int)substr( $ts, 8, 2) ), # Hours
                  (int)substr( $ts, 10, 2 ) + $minDiff, # Minutes
                  (int)substr( $ts, 12, 2 ), # Seconds
                  (int)substr( $ts, 4, 2 ), # Month
                  (int)substr( $ts, 6, 2 ), # Day
                  (int)substr( $ts, 0, 4 ) ); #Year
                
                $date = date( 'YmdHis', $t );
                wfRestoreWarnings();
                
                return $date;
        }

        /**
         * This is a workalike of PHP's date() function, but with better
         * internationalisation, a reduced set of format characters, and a better 
         * escaping format.
         *
         * Supported format characters are dDjlNwzWFmMntLoYyaAgGhHiscrU. See the 
         * PHP manual for definitions. "o" format character is supported since
         * PHP 5.1.0, previous versions return literal o.
         * There are a number of extensions, which start with "x":
         *
         *    xn   Do not translate digits of the next numeric format character
         *    xN   Toggle raw digit (xn) flag, stays set until explicitly unset
         *    xr   Use roman numerals for the next numeric format character
         *    xh   Use hebrew numerals for the next numeric format character
         *    xx   Literal x
         *    xg   Genitive month name
         *
         *    xij  j (day number) in Iranian calendar
         *    xiF  F (month name) in Iranian calendar
         *    xin  n (month number) in Iranian calendar
         *    xiY  Y (full year) in Iranian calendar
         *
         *    xjj  j (day number) in Hebrew calendar
         *    xjF  F (month name) in Hebrew calendar
         *    xjt  t (days in month) in Hebrew calendar
         *    xjx  xg (genitive month name) in Hebrew calendar
         *    xjn  n (month number) in Hebrew calendar
         *    xjY  Y (full year) in Hebrew calendar
         *
         *    xmj  j (day number) in Hijri calendar
         *    xmF  F (month name) in Hijri calendar
         *    xmn  n (month number) in Hijri calendar
         *    xmY  Y (full year) in Hijri calendar
         *
         *    xkY  Y (full year) in Thai solar calendar. Months and days are
         *                       identical to the Gregorian calendar
         *    xoY  Y (full year) in Minguo calendar or Juche year.
         *                       Months and days are identical to the
         *                       Gregorian calendar
         *    xtY  Y (full year) in Japanese nengo. Months and days are
         *                       identical to the Gregorian calendar
         *
         * Characters enclosed in double quotes will be considered literal (with
         * the quotes themselves removed). Unmatched quotes will be considered
         * literal quotes. Example:
         *
         * "The month is" F       => The month is January
         * i's"                   => 20'11"
         *
         * Backslash escaping is also supported.
         *
         * Input timestamp is assumed to be pre-normalized to the desired local
         * time zone, if any.
         * 
         * @param $format String
         * @param $ts String: 14-character timestamp
         *      YYYYMMDDHHMMSS
         *      01234567890123
         * @todo emulation of "o" format character for PHP pre 5.1.0
         * @todo handling of "o" format character for Iranian, Hebrew, Hijri & Thai?
         */
        function sprintfDate( $format, $ts ) {
                $s = '';
                $raw = false;
                $roman = false;
                $hebrewNum = false;
                $unix = false;
                $rawToggle = false;
                $iranian = false;
                $hebrew = false;
                $hijri = false;
                $thai = false;
                $minguo = false;
                $tenno = false;
                for ( $p = 0; $p < strlen( $format ); $p++ ) {
                        $num = false;
                        $code = $format[$p];
                        if ( $code == 'x' && $p < strlen( $format ) - 1 ) {
                                $code .= $format[++$p];
                        }

                        if ( ( $code === 'xi' || $code == 'xj' || $code == 'xk' || $code == 'xm' || $code == 'xo' || $code == 'xt' ) && $p < strlen( $format ) - 1 ) {
                                $code .= $format[++$p];
                        }

                        switch ( $code ) {
                                case 'xx':
                                        $s .= 'x';
                                        break;
                                case 'xn':
                                        $raw = true;
                                        break;
                                case 'xN':
                                        $rawToggle = !$rawToggle;
                                        break;
                                case 'xr':
                                        $roman = true;
                                        break;
                                case 'xh':
                                        $hebrewNum = true;
                                        break;
                                case 'xg':
                                        $s .= $this->getMonthNameGen( substr( $ts, 4, 2 ) );
                                        break;
                                case 'xjx':
                                        if ( !$hebrew ) $hebrew = self::tsToHebrew( $ts );
                                        $s .= $this->getHebrewCalendarMonthNameGen( $hebrew[1] );
                                        break;
                                case 'd':
                                        $num = substr( $ts, 6, 2 );
                                        break;
                                case 'D':
                                        if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
                                        $s .= $this->getWeekdayAbbreviation( gmdate( 'w', $unix ) + 1 );
                                        break;
                                case 'j':
                                        $num = intval( substr( $ts, 6, 2 ) );
                                        break;
                                case 'xij':
                                        if ( !$iranian ) $iranian = self::tsToIranian( $ts );
                                        $num = $iranian[2];
                                        break;
                                case 'xmj':
                                        if ( !$hijri ) $hijri = self::tsToHijri( $ts );
                                        $num = $hijri[2];
                                        break;
                                case 'xjj':
                                        if ( !$hebrew ) $hebrew = self::tsToHebrew( $ts );
                                        $num = $hebrew[2];
                                        break;
                                case 'l':
                                        if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
                                        $s .= $this->getWeekdayName( gmdate( 'w', $unix ) + 1 );
                                        break;
                                case 'N':
                                        if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
                                        $w = gmdate( 'w', $unix );
                                        $num = $w ? $w : 7;
                                        break;
                                case 'w':
                                        if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
                                        $num = gmdate( 'w', $unix );
                                        break;
                                case 'z':
                                        if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
                                        $num = gmdate( 'z', $unix );
                                        break;
                                case 'W':
                                        if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
                                        $num = gmdate( 'W', $unix );
                                        break;
                                case 'F':
                                        $s .= $this->getMonthName( substr( $ts, 4, 2 ) );
                                        break;
                                case 'xiF':
                                        if ( !$iranian ) $iranian = self::tsToIranian( $ts );
                                        $s .= $this->getIranianCalendarMonthName( $iranian[1] );
                                        break;
                                case 'xmF':
                                        if ( !$hijri ) $hijri = self::tsToHijri( $ts );
                                        $s .= $this->getHijriCalendarMonthName( $hijri[1] );
                                        break;
                                case 'xjF':
                                        if ( !$hebrew ) $hebrew = self::tsToHebrew( $ts );
                                        $s .= $this->getHebrewCalendarMonthName( $hebrew[1] );
                                        break;
                                case 'm':
                                        $num = substr( $ts, 4, 2 );
                                        break;
                                case 'M':
                                        $s .= $this->getMonthAbbreviation( substr( $ts, 4, 2 ) );
                                        break;
                                case 'n':
                                        $num = intval( substr( $ts, 4, 2 ) );
                                        break;
                                case 'xin':
                                        if ( !$iranian ) $iranian = self::tsToIranian( $ts );
                                        $num = $iranian[1];
                                        break;
                                case 'xmn':
                                        if ( !$hijri ) $hijri = self::tsToHijri ( $ts );
                                        $num = $hijri[1];
                                        break;
                                case 'xjn':
                                        if ( !$hebrew ) $hebrew = self::tsToHebrew( $ts );
                                        $num = $hebrew[1];
                                        break;
                                case 't':
                                        if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
                                        $num = gmdate( 't', $unix );
                                        break;
                                case 'xjt':
                                        if ( !$hebrew ) $hebrew = self::tsToHebrew( $ts );
                                        $num = $hebrew[3];
                                        break;
                                case 'L':
                                        if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
                                        $num = gmdate( 'L', $unix );
                                        break;
                                # 'o' is supported since PHP 5.1.0
                                # return literal if not supported
                                # TODO: emulation for pre 5.1.0 versions
                                case 'o':
                                        if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
                                        if ( version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.1.0') === 1 )
                                                $num = date( 'o', $unix );
                                        else
                                                $s .= 'o';
                                        break;
                                case 'Y':
                                        $num = substr( $ts, 0, 4 );
                                        break;
                                case 'xiY':
                                        if ( !$iranian ) $iranian = self::tsToIranian( $ts );
                                        $num = $iranian[0];
                                        break;
                                case 'xmY':
                                        if ( !$hijri ) $hijri = self::tsToHijri( $ts );
                                        $num = $hijri[0];
                                        break;
                                case 'xjY':
                                        if ( !$hebrew ) $hebrew = self::tsToHebrew( $ts );
                                        $num = $hebrew[0];
                                        break;
                                case 'xkY':
                                        if ( !$thai ) $thai = self::tsToYear( $ts, 'thai' );
                                        $num = $thai[0];
                                        break;
                                case 'xoY':
                                        if ( !$minguo ) $minguo = self::tsToYear( $ts, 'minguo' );
                                        $num = $minguo[0];
                                        break;
                                case 'xtY':
                                        if ( !$tenno ) $tenno = self::tsToYear( $ts, 'tenno' );
                                        $num = $tenno[0];
                                        break;
                                case 'y':
                                        $num = substr( $ts, 2, 2 );
                                        break;
                                case 'a':
                                        $s .= intval( substr( $ts, 8, 2 ) ) < 12 ? 'am' : 'pm';
                                        break;
                                case 'A':
                                        $s .= intval( substr( $ts, 8, 2 ) ) < 12 ? 'AM' : 'PM';
                                        break;
                                case 'g':
                                        $h = substr( $ts, 8, 2 );
                                        $num = $h % 12 ? $h % 12 : 12;
                                        break;
                                case 'G':
                                        $num = intval( substr( $ts, 8, 2 ) );
                                        break;
                                case 'h':
                                        $h = substr( $ts, 8, 2 );
                                        $num = sprintf( '%02d', $h % 12 ? $h % 12 : 12 );
                                        break;                                  
                                case 'H':
                                        $num = substr( $ts, 8, 2 );
                                        break;
                                case 'i':
                                        $num = substr( $ts, 10, 2 );
                                        break;
                                case 's':
                                        $num = substr( $ts, 12, 2 );
                                        break;
                                case 'c':
                                        if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
                                        $s .= gmdate( 'c', $unix );
                                        break;
                                case 'r':
                                        if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
                                        $s .= gmdate( 'r', $unix );
                                        break;
                                case 'U':
                                        if ( !$unix ) $unix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $ts );
                                        $num = $unix;
                                        break;
                                case '\\':
                                        # Backslash escaping
                                        if ( $p < strlen( $format ) - 1 ) {
                                                $s .= $format[++$p];
                                        } else {
                                                $s .= '\\';
                                        }
                                        break;
                                case '"':
                                        # Quoted literal
                                        if ( $p < strlen( $format ) - 1 ) {
                                                $endQuote = strpos( $format, '"', $p + 1 );
                                                if ( $endQuote === false ) {
                                                        # No terminating quote, assume literal "
                                                        $s .= '"';
                                                } else {
                                                        $s .= substr( $format, $p + 1, $endQuote - $p - 1 );
                                                        $p = $endQuote;
                                                }
                                        } else {
                                                # Quote at end of string, assume literal "
                                                $s .= '"';
                                        }
                                        break;
                                default:
                                        $s .= $format[$p];
                        }
                        if ( $num !== false ) {
                                if ( $rawToggle || $raw ) {
                                        $s .= $num;
                                        $raw = false;
                                } elseif ( $roman ) {
                                        $s .= self::romanNumeral( $num );
                                        $roman = false;
                                } elseif( $hebrewNum ) {
                                        $s .= self::hebrewNumeral( $num );
                                        $hebrewNum = false;
                                } else {
                                        $s .= $this->formatNum( $num, true );
                                }
                                $num = false;
                        }
                }
                return $s;
        }

        private static $GREG_DAYS = array( 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31 );
        private static $IRANIAN_DAYS = array( 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 31, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 29 );
        /**
         * Algorithm by Roozbeh Pournader and Mohammad Toossi to convert 
         * Gregorian dates to Iranian dates. Originally written in C, it
         * is released under the terms of GNU Lesser General Public
         * License. Conversion to PHP was performed by Niklas Laxström.
         * 
         * Link: http://www.farsiweb.info/jalali/jalali.c
         */
        private static function tsToIranian( $ts ) {
                $gy = substr( $ts, 0, 4 ) -1600;
                $gm = substr( $ts, 4, 2 ) -1;
                $gd = substr( $ts, 6, 2 ) -1;

                # Days passed from the beginning (including leap years)
                $gDayNo = 365*$gy
                        + floor(($gy+3) / 4)
                        - floor(($gy+99) / 100)
                        + floor(($gy+399) / 400);


                // Add days of the past months of this year
                for( $i = 0; $i < $gm; $i++ ) {
                        $gDayNo += self::$GREG_DAYS[$i];
                }

                // Leap years
                if ( $gm > 1 && (($gy%4===0 && $gy%100!==0 || ($gy%400==0)))) {
                        $gDayNo++;
                }

                // Days passed in current month
                $gDayNo += $gd;
                
                $jDayNo = $gDayNo - 79;

                $jNp = floor($jDayNo / 12053);
                $jDayNo %= 12053;

                $jy = 979 + 33*$jNp + 4*floor($jDayNo/1461);
                $jDayNo %= 1461;

                if ( $jDayNo >= 366 ) {
                        $jy += floor(($jDayNo-1)/365);
                        $jDayNo = floor(($jDayNo-1)%365);
                }

                for ( $i = 0; $i < 11 && $jDayNo >= self::$IRANIAN_DAYS[$i]; $i++ ) {
                        $jDayNo -= self::$IRANIAN_DAYS[$i];
                }

                $jm= $i+1;
                $jd= $jDayNo+1;

                return array($jy, $jm, $jd);
        }
        /**
         * Converting Gregorian dates to Hijri dates.
         *
         * Based on a PHP-Nuke block by Sharjeel which is released under GNU/GPL license
         *
         * @link http://phpnuke.org/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=8234&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0
         */
        private static function tsToHijri ( $ts ) {
                $year = substr( $ts, 0, 4 );
                $month = substr( $ts, 4, 2 );
                $day = substr( $ts, 6, 2 );
                
                $zyr = $year;
                $zd=$day;
                $zm=$month;
                $zy=$zyr;



                if (($zy>1582)||(($zy==1582)&&($zm>10))||(($zy==1582)&&($zm==10)&&($zd>14)))
                        {
        
        
                                    $zjd=(int)((1461*($zy + 4800 + (int)( ($zm-14) /12) ))/4) + (int)((367*($zm-2-12*((int)(($zm-14)/12))))/12)-(int)((3*(int)(( ($zy+4900+(int)(($zm-14)/12))/100)))/4)+$zd-32075;
                                    }
                 else
                        {
                                    $zjd = 367*$zy-(int)((7*($zy+5001+(int)(($zm-9)/7)))/4)+(int)((275*$zm)/9)+$zd+1729777;
                        }
                
                $zl=$zjd-1948440+10632;
                $zn=(int)(($zl-1)/10631);
                $zl=$zl-10631*$zn+354;
                $zj=((int)((10985-$zl)/5316))*((int)((50*$zl)/17719))+((int)($zl/5670))*((int)((43*$zl)/15238));
                $zl=$zl-((int)((30-$zj)/15))*((int)((17719*$zj)/50))-((int)($zj/16))*((int)((15238*$zj)/43))+29;
                $zm=(int)((24*$zl)/709);
                $zd=$zl-(int)((709*$zm)/24);
                $zy=30*$zn+$zj-30;

                return array ($zy, $zm, $zd);
        }

        /**
         * Converting Gregorian dates to Hebrew dates.
         *
         * Based on a JavaScript code by Abu Mami and Yisrael Hersch
         * (abu-mami@kaluach.net, http://www.kaluach.net), who permitted
         * to translate the relevant functions into PHP and release them under
         * GNU GPL.
         *
         * The months are counted from Tishrei = 1. In a leap year, Adar I is 13
         * and Adar II is 14. In a non-leap year, Adar is 6.
         */
        private static function tsToHebrew( $ts ) {
                # Parse date
                $year = substr( $ts, 0, 4 );
                $month = substr( $ts, 4, 2 );
                $day = substr( $ts, 6, 2 );

                # Calculate Hebrew year
                $hebrewYear = $year + 3760;

                # Month number when September = 1, August = 12
                $month += 4;
                if( $month > 12 ) {
                        # Next year
                        $month -= 12;
                        $year++;
                        $hebrewYear++;
                }

                # Calculate day of year from 1 September
                $dayOfYear = $day;
                for( $i = 1; $i < $month; $i++ ) {
                        if( $i == 6 ) {
                                # February
                                $dayOfYear += 28;
                                # Check if the year is leap
                                if( $year % 400 == 0 || ( $year % 4 == 0 && $year % 100 > 0 ) ) {
                                        $dayOfYear++;
                                }
                        } elseif( $i == 8 || $i == 10 || $i == 1 || $i == 3 ) {
                                $dayOfYear += 30;
                        } else {
                                $dayOfYear += 31;
                        }
                }

                # Calculate the start of the Hebrew year
                $start = self::hebrewYearStart( $hebrewYear );

                # Calculate next year's start
                if( $dayOfYear <= $start ) {
                        # Day is before the start of the year - it is the previous year
                        # Next year's start
                        $nextStart = $start;
                        # Previous year
                        $year--;
                        $hebrewYear--;
                        # Add days since previous year's 1 September
                        $dayOfYear += 365;
                        if( ( $year % 400 == 0 ) || ( $year % 100 != 0 && $year % 4 == 0 ) ) {
                                # Leap year
                                $dayOfYear++;
                        }
                        # Start of the new (previous) year
                        $start = self::hebrewYearStart( $hebrewYear );
                } else {
                        # Next year's start
                        $nextStart = self::hebrewYearStart( $hebrewYear + 1 );
                }

                # Calculate Hebrew day of year
                $hebrewDayOfYear = $dayOfYear - $start;

                # Difference between year's days
                $diff = $nextStart - $start;
                # Add 12 (or 13 for leap years) days to ignore the difference between
                # Hebrew and Gregorian year (353 at least vs. 365/6) - now the
                # difference is only about the year type
                if( ( $year % 400 == 0 ) || ( $year % 100 != 0 && $year % 4 == 0 ) ) {
                        $diff += 13;
                } else {
                        $diff += 12;
                }

                # Check the year pattern, and is leap year
                # 0 means an incomplete year, 1 means a regular year, 2 means a complete year
                # This is mod 30, to work on both leap years (which add 30 days of Adar I)
                # and non-leap years
                $yearPattern = $diff % 30;
                # Check if leap year
                $isLeap = $diff >= 30;

                # Calculate day in the month from number of day in the Hebrew year
                # Don't check Adar - if the day is not in Adar, we will stop before;
                # if it is in Adar, we will use it to check if it is Adar I or Adar II
                $hebrewDay = $hebrewDayOfYear;
                $hebrewMonth = 1;
                $days = 0;
                while( $hebrewMonth <= 12 ) {
                        # Calculate days in this month
                        if( $isLeap && $hebrewMonth == 6 ) {
                                # Adar in a leap year
                                if( $isLeap ) {
                                        # Leap year - has Adar I, with 30 days, and Adar II, with 29 days
                                        $days = 30;
                                        if( $hebrewDay <= $days ) {
                                                # Day in Adar I
                                                $hebrewMonth = 13;
                                        } else {
                                                # Subtract the days of Adar I
                                                $hebrewDay -= $days;
                                                # Try Adar II
                                                $days = 29;
                                                if( $hebrewDay <= $days ) {
                                                        # Day in Adar II
                                                        $hebrewMonth = 14;
                                                }
                                        }
                                }
                        } elseif( $hebrewMonth == 2 && $yearPattern == 2 ) {
                                # Cheshvan in a complete year (otherwise as the rule below)
                                $days = 30;
                        } elseif( $hebrewMonth == 3 && $yearPattern == 0 ) {
                                # Kislev in an incomplete year (otherwise as the rule below)
                                $days = 29;
                        } else {
                                # Odd months have 30 days, even have 29
                                $days = 30 - ( $hebrewMonth - 1 ) % 2;
                        }
                        if( $hebrewDay <= $days ) {
                                # In the current month
                                break;
                        } else {
                                # Subtract the days of the current month
                                $hebrewDay -= $days;
                                # Try in the next month
                                $hebrewMonth++;
                        }
                }

                return array( $hebrewYear, $hebrewMonth, $hebrewDay, $days );
        }

        /**
         * This calculates the Hebrew year start, as days since 1 September.
         * Based on Carl Friedrich Gauss algorithm for finding Easter date.
         * Used for Hebrew date.
         */
        private static function hebrewYearStart( $year ) {
                $a = intval( ( 12 * ( $year - 1 ) + 17 ) % 19 );
                $b = intval( ( $year - 1 ) % 4 );
                $m = 32.044093161144 + 1.5542417966212 * $a +  $b / 4.0 - 0.0031777940220923 * ( $year - 1 );
                if( $m < 0 ) {
                        $m--;
                }
                $Mar = intval( $m );
                if( $m < 0 ) {
                        $m++;
                }
                $m -= $Mar;

                $c = intval( ( $Mar + 3 * ( $year - 1 ) + 5 * $b + 5 ) % 7);
                if( $c == 0 && $a > 11 && $m >= 0.89772376543210 ) {
                        $Mar++;
                } else if( $c == 1 && $a > 6 && $m >= 0.63287037037037 ) {
                        $Mar += 2;
                } else if( $c == 2 || $c == 4 || $c == 6 ) {
                        $Mar++;
                }

                $Mar += intval( ( $year - 3761 ) / 100 ) - intval( ( $year - 3761 ) / 400 ) - 24;
                return $Mar;
        }

        /**
         * Algorithm to convert Gregorian dates to Thai solar dates,
         * Minguo dates or Minguo dates.
         *
         * Link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar
         *       http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minguo_calendar
         *       http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_era_name
         *
         * @param $ts String: 14-character timestamp, calender name
         * @return array converted year, month, day
         */
        private static function tsToYear( $ts, $cName ) {
                $gy = substr( $ts, 0, 4 );
                $gm = substr( $ts, 4, 2 );
                $gd = substr( $ts, 6, 2 );

                if (!strcmp($cName,'thai')) {
                        # Thai solar dates
                        # Add 543 years to the Gregorian calendar
                        # Months and days are identical
                        $gy_offset = $gy + 543;
                } else if ((!strcmp($cName,'minguo')) || !strcmp($cName,'juche')) {
                        # Minguo dates
                        # Deduct 1911 years from the Gregorian calendar
                        # Months and days are identical
                        $gy_offset = $gy - 1911;
                } else if (!strcmp($cName,'tenno')) {
                        # Nengō dates up to Meiji period
                        # Deduct years from the Gregorian calendar
                        # depending on the nengo periods
                        # Months and days are identical
                        if (($gy < 1912) || (($gy == 1912) && ($gm < 7)) || (($gy == 1912) && ($gm == 7) && ($gd < 31))) {
                                # Meiji period
                                $gy_gannen = $gy - 1868 + 1;
                                $gy_offset = $gy_gannen;
                                if ($gy_gannen == 1)
                                        $gy_offset = '元';
                                $gy_offset = '明治'.$gy_offset;
                        } else if ((($gy == 1912) && ($gm == 7) && ($gd == 31)) || (($gy == 1912) && ($gm >= 8)) || (($gy > 1912) && ($gy < 1926)) || (($gy == 1926) && ($gm < 12)) || (($gy == 1926) && ($gm == 12) && ($gd < 26))) {
                                # Taishō period
                                $gy_gannen = $gy - 1912 + 1;
                                $gy_offset = $gy_gannen;
                                if ($gy_gannen == 1)
                                        $gy_offset = '元';
                                $gy_offset = '大正'.$gy_offset;
                        } else if ((($gy == 1926) && ($gm == 12) && ($gd >= 26)) || (($gy > 1926) && ($gy < 1989)) || (($gy == 1989) && ($gm == 1) && ($gd < 8))) {
                                # Shōwa period
                                $gy_gannen = $gy - 1926 + 1;
                                $gy_offset = $gy_gannen;
                                if ($gy_gannen == 1)
                                        $gy_offset = '元';
                                $gy_offset = '昭和'.$gy_offset;
                        } else {
                                # Heisei period
                                $gy_gannen = $gy - 1989 + 1;
                                $gy_offset = $gy_gannen;
                                if ($gy_gannen == 1)
                                        $gy_offset = '元';
                                $gy_offset = '平成'.$gy_offset;
                        }
                } else {
                        $gy_offset = $gy;
                }

                return array( $gy_offset, $gm, $gd );
        }

        /**
         * Roman number formatting up to 3000
         */
        static function romanNumeral( $num ) {
                static $table = array(
                        array( '', 'I', 'II', 'III', 'IV', 'V', 'VI', 'VII', 'VIII', 'IX', 'X' ),
                        array( '', 'X', 'XX', 'XXX', 'XL', 'L', 'LX', 'LXX', 'LXXX', 'XC', 'C' ),
                        array( '', 'C', 'CC', 'CCC', 'CD', 'D', 'DC', 'DCC', 'DCCC', 'CM', 'M' ),
                        array( '', 'M', 'MM', 'MMM' )
                );
                        
                $num = intval( $num );
                if ( $num > 3000 || $num <= 0 ) {
                        return $num;
                }

                $s = '';
                for ( $pow10 = 1000, $i = 3; $i >= 0; $pow10 /= 10, $i-- ) {
                        if ( $num >= $pow10 ) {
                                $s .= $table[$i][floor($num / $pow10)];
                        }
                        $num = $num % $pow10;
                }
                return $s;
        }

        /**
         * Hebrew Gematria number formatting up to 9999
         */
        static function hebrewNumeral( $num ) {
                static $table = array(
                        array( '', 'א', 'ב', 'ג', 'ד', 'ה', 'ו', 'ז', 'ח', 'ט', 'י' ),
                        array( '', 'י', 'כ', 'ל', 'מ', 'נ', 'ס', 'ע', 'פ', 'צ', 'ק' ),
                        array( '', 'ק', 'ר', 'ש', 'ת', 'תק', 'תר', 'תש', 'תת', 'תתק', 'תתר' ),
                        array( '', 'א', 'ב', 'ג', 'ד', 'ה', 'ו', 'ז', 'ח', 'ט', 'י' )
                );

                $num = intval( $num );
                if ( $num > 9999 || $num <= 0 ) {
                        return $num;
                }

                $s = '';
                for ( $pow10 = 1000, $i = 3; $i >= 0; $pow10 /= 10, $i-- ) {
                        if ( $num >= $pow10 ) {
                                if ( $num == 15 || $num == 16 ) {
                                        $s .= $table[0][9] . $table[0][$num - 9];
                                        $num = 0;
                                } else {
                                        $s .= $table[$i][intval( ( $num / $pow10 ) )];
                                        if( $pow10 == 1000 ) {
                                                $s .= "'";
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                        $num = $num % $pow10;
                }
                if( strlen( $s ) == 2 ) {
                        $str = $s . "'";
                } else  {
                        $str = substr( $s, 0, strlen( $s ) - 2 ) . '"';
                        $str .= substr( $s, strlen( $s ) - 2, 2 );
                }
                $start = substr( $str, 0, strlen( $str ) - 2 );
                $end = substr( $str, strlen( $str ) - 2 );
                switch( $end ) {
                        case 'כ':
                                $str = $start . 'ך';
                                break;
                        case 'מ':
                                $str = $start . 'ם';
                                break;
                        case 'נ':
                                $str = $start . 'ן';
                                break;
                        case 'פ':
                                $str = $start . 'ף';
                                break;
                        case 'צ':
                                $str = $start . 'ץ';
                                break;
                }
                return $str;
        }

        /**
         * This is meant to be used by time(), date(), and timeanddate() to get
         * the date preference they're supposed to use, it should be used in
         * all children.
         *
         *<code>
         * function timeanddate([...], $format = true) {
         *      $datePreference = $this->dateFormat($format);
         * [...]
         * }
         *</code>
         *
         * @param $usePrefs Mixed: if true, the user's preference is used
         *                         if false, the site/language default is used
         *                         if int/string, assumed to be a format.
         * @return string
         */
        function dateFormat( $usePrefs = true ) {
                global $wgUser;

                if( is_bool( $usePrefs ) ) {
                        if( $usePrefs ) {
                                $datePreference = $wgUser->getDatePreference();
                        } else {
                                $options = User::getDefaultOptions();
                                $datePreference = (string)$options['date'];
                        }
                } else {
                        $datePreference = (string)$usePrefs;
                }

                // return int
                if( $datePreference == '' ) {
                        return 'default';
                }
                
                return $datePreference;
        }

        /**
         * Get a format string for a given type and preference
         * @param $type May be date, time or both
         * @param $pref The format name as it appears in Messages*.php
         */
        function getDateFormatString( $type, $pref ) {
                if ( !isset( $this->dateFormatStrings[$type][$pref] ) ) {
                        if ( $pref == 'default' ) {
                                $pref = $this->getDefaultDateFormat();
                                $df = self::$dataCache->getSubitem( $this->mCode, 'dateFormats', "$pref $type" );
                        } else {
                                $df = self::$dataCache->getSubitem( $this->mCode, 'dateFormats', "$pref $type" );
                                if ( is_null( $df ) ) {
                                        $pref = $this->getDefaultDateFormat();
                                        $df = self::$dataCache->getSubitem( $this->mCode, 'dateFormats', "$pref $type" );
                                }
                        }
                        $this->dateFormatStrings[$type][$pref] = $df;
                }
                return $this->dateFormatStrings[$type][$pref];
        }

        /**
         * @param $ts Mixed: the time format which needs to be turned into a
         *            date('YmdHis') format with wfTimestamp(TS_MW,$ts)
         * @param $adj Bool: whether to adjust the time output according to the
         *             user configured offset ($timecorrection)
         * @param $format Mixed: true to use user's date format preference
         * @param $timecorrection String: the time offset as returned by
         *                        validateTimeZone() in Special:Preferences
         * @return string
         */
        function date( $ts, $adj = false, $format = true, $timecorrection = false ) {
                if ( $adj ) { 
                        $ts = $this->userAdjust( $ts, $timecorrection ); 
                }
                $df = $this->getDateFormatString( 'date', $this->dateFormat( $format ) );
                return $this->sprintfDate( $df, $ts );
        }

        /**
         * @param $ts Mixed: the time format which needs to be turned into a
         *            date('YmdHis') format with wfTimestamp(TS_MW,$ts)
         * @param $adj Bool: whether to adjust the time output according to the
         *             user configured offset ($timecorrection)
         * @param $format Mixed: true to use user's date format preference
         * @param $timecorrection String: the time offset as returned by
         *                        validateTimeZone() in Special:Preferences
         * @return string
         */
        function time( $ts, $adj = false, $format = true, $timecorrection = false ) {
                if ( $adj ) { 
                        $ts = $this->userAdjust( $ts, $timecorrection ); 
                }
                $df = $this->getDateFormatString( 'time', $this->dateFormat( $format ) );
                return $this->sprintfDate( $df, $ts );
        }

        /**
         * @param $ts Mixed: the time format which needs to be turned into a
         *            date('YmdHis') format with wfTimestamp(TS_MW,$ts)
         * @param $adj Bool: whether to adjust the time output according to the
         *             user configured offset ($timecorrection)
         * @param $format Mixed: what format to return, if it's false output the
         *                default one (default true)
         * @param $timecorrection String: the time offset as returned by
         *                        validateTimeZone() in Special:Preferences
         * @return string
         */
        function timeanddate( $ts, $adj = false, $format = true, $timecorrection = false) {
                $ts = wfTimestamp( TS_MW, $ts );
                if ( $adj ) { 
                        $ts = $this->userAdjust( $ts, $timecorrection ); 
                }
                $df = $this->getDateFormatString( 'both', $this->dateFormat( $format ) );
                return $this->sprintfDate( $df, $ts );
        }

        function getMessage( $key ) {
                return self::$dataCache->getSubitem( $this->mCode, 'messages', $key );
        }

        function getAllMessages() {
                return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'messages' );
        }

        function iconv( $in, $out, $string ) {
                # This is a wrapper for iconv in all languages except esperanto,
                # which does some nasty x-conversions beforehand

                # Even with //IGNORE iconv can whine about illegal characters in
                # *input* string. We just ignore those too.
                # REF: http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=37166
                # REF: https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=16885
                wfSuppressWarnings();
                $text = iconv( $in, $out . '//IGNORE', $string );
                wfRestoreWarnings();
                return $text;
        }

        // callback functions for uc(), lc(), ucwords(), ucwordbreaks()
        function ucwordbreaksCallbackAscii($matches){
                return $this->ucfirst($matches[1]);
        }
        
        function ucwordbreaksCallbackMB($matches){
                return mb_strtoupper($matches[0]);
        }
        
        function ucCallback($matches){
                list( $wikiUpperChars ) = self::getCaseMaps();
                return strtr( $matches[1], $wikiUpperChars );
        }
        
        function lcCallback($matches){
                list( , $wikiLowerChars ) = self::getCaseMaps();
                return strtr( $matches[1], $wikiLowerChars );
        }
        
        function ucwordsCallbackMB($matches){
                return mb_strtoupper($matches[0]);
        }
        
        function ucwordsCallbackWiki($matches){
                list( $wikiUpperChars ) = self::getCaseMaps();
                return strtr( $matches[0], $wikiUpperChars );
        }

        function ucfirst( $str ) {
                if ( empty($str) ) return $str;
                if ( ord($str[0]) < 128 ) return ucfirst($str);
                else return self::uc($str,true); // fall back to more complex logic in case of multibyte strings
        }

        function uc( $str, $first = false ) {
                if ( function_exists( 'mb_strtoupper' ) ) {
                        if ( $first ) {
                                if ( self::isMultibyte( $str ) ) {
                                        return mb_strtoupper( mb_substr( $str, 0, 1 ) ) . mb_substr( $str, 1 );
                                } else {
                                        return ucfirst( $str );
                                }
                        } else {
                                return self::isMultibyte( $str ) ? mb_strtoupper( $str ) : strtoupper( $str );
                        }
                } else {
                        if ( self::isMultibyte( $str ) ) {
                                list( $wikiUpperChars ) = $this->getCaseMaps();
                                $x = $first ? '^' : '';
                                return preg_replace_callback(
                                        "/$x([a-z]|[\\xc0-\\xff][\\x80-\\xbf]*)/",
                                        array($this,"ucCallback"),
                                        $str
                                );
                        } else {
                                return $first ? ucfirst( $str ) : strtoupper( $str );
                        }
                }
        }
        
        function lcfirst( $str ) {
                if ( empty($str) ) return $str;
                if ( is_string( $str ) && ord($str[0]) < 128 ) {
                        // editing string in place = cool
                        $str[0]=strtolower($str[0]);
                        return $str;
                }
                else return self::lc( $str, true );
        }

        function lc( $str, $first = false ) {
                if ( function_exists( 'mb_strtolower' ) )
                        if ( $first )
                                if ( self::isMultibyte( $str ) )
                                        return mb_strtolower( mb_substr( $str, 0, 1 ) ) . mb_substr( $str, 1 );
                                else
                                        return strtolower( substr( $str, 0, 1 ) ) . substr( $str, 1 );
                        else
                                return self::isMultibyte( $str ) ? mb_strtolower( $str ) : strtolower( $str );
                else
                        if ( self::isMultibyte( $str ) ) {
                                list( , $wikiLowerChars ) = self::getCaseMaps();
                                $x = $first ? '^' : '';
                                return preg_replace_callback(
                                        "/$x([A-Z]|[\\xc0-\\xff][\\x80-\\xbf]*)/",
                                        array($this,"lcCallback"),
                                        $str
                                );
                        } else
                                return $first ? strtolower( substr( $str, 0, 1 ) ) . substr( $str, 1 ) : strtolower( $str );
        }

        function isMultibyte( $str ) {
                return (bool)preg_match( '/[\x80-\xff]/', $str );
        }

        function ucwords($str) {
                if ( self::isMultibyte( $str ) ) {
                        $str = self::lc($str);

                        // regexp to find first letter in each word (i.e. after each space)
                        $replaceRegexp = "/^([a-z]|[\\xc0-\\xff][\\x80-\\xbf]*)| ([a-z]|[\\xc0-\\xff][\\x80-\\xbf]*)/";

                        // function to use to capitalize a single char
                        if ( function_exists( 'mb_strtoupper' ) )
                                return preg_replace_callback(
                                        $replaceRegexp,
                                        array($this,"ucwordsCallbackMB"),
                                        $str
                                );
                        else 
                                return preg_replace_callback(
                                        $replaceRegexp,
                                        array($this,"ucwordsCallbackWiki"),
                                        $str
                                );
                }
                else
                        return ucwords( strtolower( $str ) );
        }

  # capitalize words at word breaks
        function ucwordbreaks($str){
                if (self::isMultibyte( $str ) ) {
                        $str = self::lc($str);

                        // since \b doesn't work for UTF-8, we explicitely define word break chars
                        $breaks= "[ \-\(\)\}\{\.,\?!]";

                        // find first letter after word break
                        $replaceRegexp = "/^([a-z]|[\\xc0-\\xff][\\x80-\\xbf]*)|$breaks([a-z]|[\\xc0-\\xff][\\x80-\\xbf]*)/";

                        if ( function_exists( 'mb_strtoupper' ) )
                                return preg_replace_callback(
                                        $replaceRegexp,
                                        array($this,"ucwordbreaksCallbackMB"),
                                        $str
                                );
                        else 
                                return preg_replace_callback(
                                        $replaceRegexp,
                                        array($this,"ucwordsCallbackWiki"),
                                        $str
                                );
                }
                else
                        return preg_replace_callback(
                        '/\b([\w\x80-\xff]+)\b/',
                        array($this,"ucwordbreaksCallbackAscii"),
                        $str );
        }

        /**
         * Return a case-folded representation of $s
         *
         * This is a representation such that caseFold($s1)==caseFold($s2) if $s1 
         * and $s2 are the same except for the case of their characters. It is not
         * necessary for the value returned to make sense when displayed.
         *
         * Do *not* perform any other normalisation in this function. If a caller
         * uses this function when it should be using a more general normalisation
         * function, then fix the caller.
         */
        function caseFold( $s ) {
                return $this->uc( $s );
        }

        function checkTitleEncoding( $s ) {
                if( is_array( $s ) ) {
                        wfDebugDieBacktrace( 'Given array to checkTitleEncoding.' );
                }
                # Check for non-UTF-8 URLs
                $ishigh = preg_match( '/[\x80-\xff]/', $s);
                if(!$ishigh) return $s;

                $isutf8 = preg_match( '/^([\x00-\x7f]|[\xc0-\xdf][\x80-\xbf]|' .
                '[\xe0-\xef][\x80-\xbf]{2}|[\xf0-\xf7][\x80-\xbf]{3})+$/', $s );
                if( $isutf8 ) return $s;

                return $this->iconv( $this->fallback8bitEncoding(), "utf-8", $s );
        }

        function fallback8bitEncoding() {
                return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'fallback8bitEncoding' );
        }
        
        /**
         * Most writing systems use whitespace to break up words.
         * Some languages such as Chinese don't conventionally do this,
         * which requires special handling when breaking up words for
         * searching etc.
         */
        function hasWordBreaks() {
                return true;
        }
        
        /**
         * Some languages have special punctuation to strip out
         * or characters which need to be converted for MySQL's
         * indexing to grok it correctly. Make such changes here.
         *
         * @param $string String
         * @return String
         */
        function stripForSearch( $string ) {
                global $wgDBtype;
                if ( $wgDBtype != 'mysql' ) {
                        return $string;
                }


                wfProfileIn( __METHOD__ );
                
                // MySQL fulltext index doesn't grok utf-8, so we
                // need to fold cases and convert to hex
                $out = preg_replace_callback(
                        "/([\\xc0-\\xff][\\x80-\\xbf]*)/",
                        array( $this, 'stripForSearchCallback' ),
                        $this->lc( $string ) );
                
                // And to add insult to injury, the default indexing
                // ignores short words... Pad them so we can pass them
                // through without reconfiguring the server...
                $minLength = $this->minSearchLength();
                if( $minLength > 1 ) {
                        $n = $minLength-1;
                        $out = preg_replace(
                                "/\b(\w{1,$n})\b/",
                                "$1u800",
                                $out );
                }
                
                // Periods within things like hostnames and IP addresses
                // are also important -- we want a search for "example.com"
                // or "192.168.1.1" to work sanely.
                //
                // MySQL's search seems to ignore them, so you'd match on
                // "example.wikipedia.com" and "192.168.83.1" as well.
                $out = preg_replace(
                        "/(\w)\.(\w|\*)/u",
                        "$1u82e$2",
                        $out );
                
                wfProfileOut( __METHOD__ );
                return $out;
        }
        
        /**
         * Armor a case-folded UTF-8 string to get through MySQL's
         * fulltext search without being mucked up by funny charset
         * settings or anything else of the sort.
         */
        protected function stripForSearchCallback( $matches ) {
                return 'u8' . bin2hex( $matches[1] );
        }
        
        /**
         * Check MySQL server's ft_min_word_len setting so we know
         * if we need to pad short words...
         */
        protected function minSearchLength() {
                if( is_null( $this->minSearchLength ) ) {
                        $sql = "show global variables like 'ft\\_min\\_word\\_len'";
                        $dbr = wfGetDB( DB_SLAVE );
                        $result = $dbr->query( $sql );
                        $row = $result->fetchObject();
                        $result->free();
                        
                        if( $row && $row->Variable_name == 'ft_min_word_len' ) {
                                $this->minSearchLength = intval( $row->Value );
                        } else {
                                $this->minSearchLength = 0;
                        }
                }
                return $this->minSearchLength;
        }

        function convertForSearchResult( $termsArray ) {
                # some languages, e.g. Chinese, need to do a conversion
                # in order for search results to be displayed correctly
                return $termsArray;
        }

        /**
         * Get the first character of a string. 
         *
         * @param $s string
         * @return string
         */
        function firstChar( $s ) {
                $matches = array();
                preg_match( '/^([\x00-\x7f]|[\xc0-\xdf][\x80-\xbf]|' .
                '[\xe0-\xef][\x80-\xbf]{2}|[\xf0-\xf7][\x80-\xbf]{3})/', $s, $matches);

                if ( isset( $matches[1] ) ) {
                        if ( strlen( $matches[1] ) != 3 ) {
                                return $matches[1];
                        }
                        
                        // Break down Hangul syllables to grab the first jamo
                        $code = utf8ToCodepoint( $matches[1] );
                        if ( $code < 0xac00 || 0xd7a4 <= $code) {
                                return $matches[1];
                        } elseif ( $code < 0xb098 ) {
                                return "\xe3\x84\xb1";
                        } elseif ( $code < 0xb2e4 ) {
                                return "\xe3\x84\xb4";
                        } elseif ( $code < 0xb77c ) {
                                return "\xe3\x84\xb7";
                        } elseif ( $code < 0xb9c8 ) {
                                return "\xe3\x84\xb9";
                        } elseif ( $code < 0xbc14 ) {
                                return "\xe3\x85\x81";
                        } elseif ( $code < 0xc0ac ) {
                                return "\xe3\x85\x82";
                        } elseif ( $code < 0xc544 ) {
                                return "\xe3\x85\x85";
                        } elseif ( $code < 0xc790 ) {
                                return "\xe3\x85\x87";
                        } elseif ( $code < 0xcc28 ) {
                                return "\xe3\x85\x88";
                        } elseif ( $code < 0xce74 ) {
                                return "\xe3\x85\x8a";
                        } elseif ( $code < 0xd0c0 ) {
                                return "\xe3\x85\x8b";
                        } elseif ( $code < 0xd30c ) {
                                return "\xe3\x85\x8c";
                        } elseif ( $code < 0xd558 ) {
                                return "\xe3\x85\x8d";
                        } else {
                                return "\xe3\x85\x8e";
                        }
                } else {
                        return "";
                }
        }

        function initEncoding() {
                # Some languages may have an alternate char encoding option
                # (Esperanto X-coding, Japanese furigana conversion, etc)
                # If this language is used as the primary content language,
                # an override to the defaults can be set here on startup.
        }

        function recodeForEdit( $s ) {
                # For some languages we'll want to explicitly specify
                # which characters make it into the edit box raw
                # or are converted in some way or another.
                # Note that if wgOutputEncoding is different from
                # wgInputEncoding, this text will be further converted
                # to wgOutputEncoding.
                global $wgEditEncoding;
                if( $wgEditEncoding == '' or
                  $wgEditEncoding == 'UTF-8' ) {
                        return $s;
                } else {
                        return $this->iconv( 'UTF-8', $wgEditEncoding, $s );
                }
        }

        function recodeInput( $s ) {
                # Take the previous into account.
                global $wgEditEncoding;
                if($wgEditEncoding != "") {
                        $enc = $wgEditEncoding;
                } else {
                        $enc = 'UTF-8';
                }
                if( $enc == 'UTF-8' ) {
                        return $s;
                } else {
                        return $this->iconv( $enc, 'UTF-8', $s );
                }
        }

        /**
         * For right-to-left language support
         *
         * @return bool
         */
        function isRTL() { 
                return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'rtl' );
        }

        /**
         * A hidden direction mark (LRM or RLM), depending on the language direction
         *
         * @return string
         */
        function getDirMark() {
                return $this->isRTL() ? "\xE2\x80\x8F" : "\xE2\x80\x8E";
        }

        function capitalizeAllNouns() {
                return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'capitalizeAllNouns' );
        }

        /**
         * An arrow, depending on the language direction
         *
         * @return string
         */
        function getArrow() {
                return $this->isRTL() ? '←' : '→';
        }

        /**
         * To allow "foo[[bar]]" to extend the link over the whole word "foobar"
         *
         * @return bool
         */
        function linkPrefixExtension() {
                return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'linkPrefixExtension' );
        }

        function getMagicWords() {
                return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'magicWords' );
        }

        # Fill a MagicWord object with data from here
        function getMagic( &$mw ) {
                if ( !$this->mMagicHookDone ) {
                        $this->mMagicHookDone = true;
                        wfRunHooks( 'LanguageGetMagic', array( &$this->mMagicExtensions, $this->getCode() ) );
                }
                if ( isset( $this->mMagicExtensions[$mw->mId] ) ) {
                        $rawEntry = $this->mMagicExtensions[$mw->mId];
                } else {
                        $magicWords = $this->getMagicWords();
                        if ( isset( $magicWords[$mw->mId] ) ) {
                                $rawEntry = $magicWords[$mw->mId];
                        } else {
                                $rawEntry = false;
                        }
                }

                if( !is_array( $rawEntry ) ) {
                        error_log( "\"$rawEntry\" is not a valid magic thingie for \"$mw->mId\"" );
                } else {
                        $mw->mCaseSensitive = $rawEntry[0];
                        $mw->mSynonyms = array_slice( $rawEntry, 1 );
                }
        }

        /**
         * Add magic words to the extension array
         */
        function addMagicWordsByLang( $newWords ) {
                $code = $this->getCode();
                $fallbackChain = array();
                while ( $code && !in_array( $code, $fallbackChain ) ) {
                        $fallbackChain[] = $code;
                        $code = self::getFallbackFor( $code );
                }
                if ( !in_array( 'en', $fallbackChain ) ) {
                        $fallbackChain[] = 'en';
                }
                $fallbackChain = array_reverse( $fallbackChain );
                foreach ( $fallbackChain as $code ) {
                        if ( isset( $newWords[$code] ) ) {
                                $this->mMagicExtensions = $newWords[$code] + $this->mMagicExtensions;
                        }
                }
        }

        /**
         * Get special page names, as an associative array
         *   case folded alias => real name
         */
        function getSpecialPageAliases() {
                // Cache aliases because it may be slow to load them
                if ( is_null( $this->mExtendedSpecialPageAliases ) ) {
                        // Initialise array
                        $this->mExtendedSpecialPageAliases = 
                                self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'specialPageAliases' );
                        wfRunHooks( 'LanguageGetSpecialPageAliases',
                                array( &$this->mExtendedSpecialPageAliases, $this->getCode() ) );
                }

                return $this->mExtendedSpecialPageAliases;
        }

        /**
         * Italic is unsuitable for some languages
         *
         * @param $text String: the text to be emphasized.
         * @return string
         */
        function emphasize( $text ) {
                return "<em>$text</em>";
        }

         /**
          * Normally we output all numbers in plain en_US style, that is
          * 293,291.235 for twohundredninetythreethousand-twohundredninetyone
          * point twohundredthirtyfive. However this is not sutable for all
          * languages, some such as Pakaran want ੨੯੩,੨੯੫.੨੩੫ and others such as
          * Icelandic just want to use commas instead of dots, and dots instead
          * of commas like "293.291,235".
          *
          * An example of this function being called:
          * <code>
          * wfMsg( 'message', $wgLang->formatNum( $num ) )
          * </code>
          *
          * See LanguageGu.php for the Gujarati implementation and
          * $separatorTransformTable on MessageIs.php for
          * the , => . and . => , implementation.
          *
          * @todo check if it's viable to use localeconv() for the decimal
          *       separator thing.
          * @param $number Mixed: the string to be formatted, should be an integer
          *        or a floating point number.
          * @param $nocommafy Bool: set to true for special numbers like dates
          * @return string
          */
        function formatNum( $number, $nocommafy = false ) {
                global $wgTranslateNumerals;
                if (!$nocommafy) {
                        $number = $this->commafy($number);
                        $s = $this->separatorTransformTable();
                        if ($s) { $number = strtr($number, $s); }
                }

                if ($wgTranslateNumerals) {
                        $s = $this->digitTransformTable();
                        if ($s) { $number = strtr($number, $s); }
                }

                return $number;
        }

        function parseFormattedNumber( $number ) {
                $s = $this->digitTransformTable();
                if ($s) { $number = strtr($number, array_flip($s)); }

                $s = $this->separatorTransformTable();
                if ($s) { $number = strtr($number, array_flip($s)); }

                $number = strtr( $number, array (',' => '') );
                return $number;
        }

        /**
         * Adds commas to a given number
         *
         * @param $_ mixed
         * @return string
         */
        function commafy($_) {
                return strrev((string)preg_replace('/(\d{3})(?=\d)(?!\d*\.)/','$1,',strrev($_)));
        }

        function digitTransformTable() {
                return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'digitTransformTable' );
        }

        function separatorTransformTable() {
                return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'separatorTransformTable' );
        }


        /**
         * Take a list of strings and build a locale-friendly comma-separated
         * list, using the local comma-separator message.
         * The last two strings are chained with an "and".
         *
         * @param $l Array
         * @return string
         */
        function listToText( $l ) {
                $s = '';
                $m = count( $l ) - 1;
                if( $m == 1 ) {
                        return $l[0] . $this->getMessageFromDB( 'and' ) . $this->getMessageFromDB( 'word-separator' ) . $l[1];
                }
                else {
                        for ( $i = $m; $i >= 0; $i-- ) {
                                if ( $i == $m ) {
                                        $s = $l[$i];
                                } else if( $i == $m - 1 ) {
                                        $s = $l[$i] . $this->getMessageFromDB( 'and' ) . $this->getMessageFromDB( 'word-separator' ) . $s;
                                } else {
                                        $s = $l[$i] . $this->getMessageFromDB( 'comma-separator' ) . $s;
                                }
                        }
                        return $s;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Take a list of strings and build a locale-friendly comma-separated
         * list, using the local comma-separator message.
         * @param $list array of strings to put in a comma list
         * @return string
         */
        function commaList( $list ) {
                return implode(
                        $list,
                        wfMsgExt( 'comma-separator', array( 'parsemag', 'escapenoentities', 'language' => $this ) ) );
        }

        /**
         * Take a list of strings and build a locale-friendly semicolon-separated
         * list, using the local semicolon-separator message.
         * @param $list array of strings to put in a semicolon list
         * @return string
         */
        function semicolonList( $list ) {
                return implode(
                        $list,
                        wfMsgExt( 'semicolon-separator', array( 'parsemag', 'escapenoentities', 'language' => $this ) ) );
        }

        /**
         * Same as commaList, but separate it with the pipe instead.
         * @param $list array of strings to put in a pipe list
         * @return string
         */
        function pipeList( $list ) {
                return implode(
                        $list,
                        wfMsgExt( 'pipe-separator', array( 'escapenoentities', 'language' => $this ) ) );
        }

        /**
         * Truncate a string to a specified length in bytes, appending an optional
         * string (e.g. for ellipses)
         *
         * The database offers limited byte lengths for some columns in the database;
         * multi-byte character sets mean we need to ensure that only whole characters
         * are included, otherwise broken characters can be passed to the user
         *
         * If $length is negative, the string will be truncated from the beginning
         *       
         * @param $string String to truncate
         * @param $length Int: maximum length (excluding ellipses)
         * @param $ellipsis String to append to the truncated text
         * @return string
         */
        function truncate( $string, $length, $ellipsis = '...' ) {
                # Use the localized ellipsis character
                if( $ellipsis == '...' ) {
                        $ellipsis = wfMsgExt( 'ellipsis', array( 'escapenoentities', 'language' => $this ) );
                }

                if( $length == 0 ) {
                        return $ellipsis;
                }
                if ( strlen( $string ) <= abs( $length ) ) {
                        return $string;
                }
                if( $length > 0 ) {
                        $string = substr( $string, 0, $length );
                        $char = ord( $string[strlen( $string ) - 1] );
                        $m = array();
                        if ($char >= 0xc0) {
                                # We got the first byte only of a multibyte char; remove it.
                                $string = substr( $string, 0, -1 );
                        } elseif( $char >= 0x80 &&
                                  preg_match( '/^(.*)(?:[\xe0-\xef][\x80-\xbf]|' .
                                              '[\xf0-\xf7][\x80-\xbf]{1,2})$/', $string, $m ) ) {
                                # We chopped in the middle of a character; remove it
                                $string = $m[1];
                        }
                        return $string . $ellipsis;
                } else {
                        $string = substr( $string, $length );
                        $char = ord( $string[0] );
                        if( $char >= 0x80 && $char < 0xc0 ) {
                                # We chopped in the middle of a character; remove the whole thing
                                $string = preg_replace( '/^[\x80-\xbf]+/', '', $string );
                        }
                        return $ellipsis . $string;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Grammatical transformations, needed for inflected languages
         * Invoked by putting {{grammar:case|word}} in a message
         *
         * @param $word string
         * @param $case string
         * @return string
         */
        function convertGrammar( $word, $case ) {
                global $wgGrammarForms;
                if ( isset($wgGrammarForms[$this->getCode()][$case][$word]) ) {
                        return $wgGrammarForms[$this->getCode()][$case][$word];
                }
                return $word;
        }

        /**
         * Provides an alternative text depending on specified gender.
         * Usage {{gender:username|masculine|feminine|neutral}}.
         * username is optional, in which case the gender of current user is used,
         * but only in (some) interface messages; otherwise default gender is used.
         * If second or third parameter are not specified, masculine is used.
         * These details may be overriden per language.
         */
        function gender( $gender, $forms ) {
                if ( !count($forms) ) { return ''; }
                $forms = $this->preConvertPlural( $forms, 2 );
                if ( $gender === 'male' ) return $forms[0];
                if ( $gender === 'female' ) return $forms[1];
                return isset($forms[2]) ? $forms[2] : $forms[0];
        }

        /**
         * Plural form transformations, needed for some languages.
         * For example, there are 3 form of plural in Russian and Polish,
         * depending on "count mod 10". See [[w:Plural]]
         * For English it is pretty simple.
         *
         * Invoked by putting {{plural:count|wordform1|wordform2}}
         * or {{plural:count|wordform1|wordform2|wordform3}}
         *
         * Example: {{plural:{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}|article|articles}}
         *
         * @param $count Integer: non-localized number
         * @param $forms Array: different plural forms
         * @return string Correct form of plural for $count in this language
         */
        function convertPlural( $count, $forms ) {
                if ( !count($forms) ) { return ''; }
                $forms = $this->preConvertPlural( $forms, 2 );

                return ( $count == 1 ) ? $forms[0] : $forms[1];
        }

        /**
         * Checks that convertPlural was given an array and pads it to requested
         * amound of forms by copying the last one.
         *
         * @param $count Integer: How many forms should there be at least
         * @param $forms Array of forms given to convertPlural
         * @return array Padded array of forms or an exception if not an array
         */
        protected function preConvertPlural( /* Array */ $forms, $count ) {
                while ( count($forms) < $count ) {
                        $forms[] = $forms[count($forms)-1];
                }
                return $forms;
        }

        /**
         * For translaing of expiry times
         * @param $str String: the validated block time in English
         * @return Somehow translated block time
         * @see LanguageFi.php for example implementation
         */
        function translateBlockExpiry( $str ) {

                $scBlockExpiryOptions = $this->getMessageFromDB( 'ipboptions' );

                if ( $scBlockExpiryOptions == '-') {
                        return $str;
                }

                foreach (explode(',', $scBlockExpiryOptions) as $option) {
                        if ( strpos($option, ":") === false )
                                continue;
                        list($show, $value) = explode(":", $option);
                        if ( strcmp ( $str, $value) == 0 ) {
                                return htmlspecialchars( trim( $show ) );
                        }
                }

                return $str;
        }

        /**
         * languages like Chinese need to be segmented in order for the diff
         * to be of any use
         *
         * @param $text String
         * @return String
         */
        function segmentForDiff( $text ) {
                return $text;
        }

        /**
         * and unsegment to show the result
         *
         * @param $text String
         * @return String
         */
        function unsegmentForDiff( $text ) {
                return $text;
        }

        # convert text to all supported variants
        function autoConvertToAllVariants($text) {
                return $this->mConverter->autoConvertToAllVariants($text);
        }

        # convert text to different variants of a language.
        function convert( $text, $isTitle = false) {
                return $this->mConverter->convert($text, $isTitle);
        }

        # Convert text from within Parser
        function parserConvert( $text, &$parser ) {
                return $this->mConverter->parserConvert( $text, $parser );
        }

        # Check if this is a language with variants
        function hasVariants(){
                return sizeof($this->getVariants())>1;
        }

        # Put custom tags (e.g. -{ }-) around math to prevent conversion
        function armourMath($text){ 
                return $this->mConverter->armourMath($text);
        }


        /**
         * Perform output conversion on a string, and encode for safe HTML output.
         * @param $text String text to be converted
         * @param $isTitle Bool whether this conversion is for the article title
         * @return string
         * @todo this should get integrated somewhere sane
         */
        function convertHtml( $text, $isTitle = false ) {
                return htmlspecialchars( $this->convert( $text, $isTitle ) );
        }

        function convertCategoryKey( $key ) {
                return $this->mConverter->convertCategoryKey( $key );
        }

        /**
         * get the list of variants supported by this langauge
         * see sample implementation in LanguageZh.php
         *
         * @return array an array of language codes
         */
        function getVariants() {
                return $this->mConverter->getVariants();
        }


        function getPreferredVariant( $fromUser = true ) {
                return $this->mConverter->getPreferredVariant( $fromUser );
        }

        /**
         * if a language supports multiple variants, it is
         * possible that non-existing link in one variant
         * actually exists in another variant. this function
         * tries to find it. See e.g. LanguageZh.php
         *
         * @param $link String: the name of the link
         * @param $nt Mixed: the title object of the link
         * @param boolean $ignoreOtherCond: to disable other conditions when
         *      we need to transclude a template or update a category's link
         * @return null the input parameters may be modified upon return
         */
        function findVariantLink( &$link, &$nt, $ignoreOtherCond = false ) {
                $this->mConverter->findVariantLink( $link, $nt, $ignoreOtherCond );
        }

        /**
         * If a language supports multiple variants, converts text
         * into an array of all possible variants of the text:
         *  'variant' => text in that variant
         */
        function convertLinkToAllVariants($text){
                return $this->mConverter->convertLinkToAllVariants($text);
        }


        /**
         * returns language specific options used by User::getPageRenderHash()
         * for example, the preferred language variant
         *
         * @return string
         */
        function getExtraHashOptions() {
                return $this->mConverter->getExtraHashOptions();
        }

        /**
         * for languages that support multiple variants, the title of an
         * article may be displayed differently in different variants. this
         * function returns the apporiate title defined in the body of the article.
         *
         * @return string
         */
        function getParsedTitle() {
                return $this->mConverter->getParsedTitle();
        }

        /**
         * Enclose a string with the "no conversion" tag. This is used by
         * various functions in the Parser
         *
         * @param $text String: text to be tagged for no conversion
         * @param $noParse
         * @return string the tagged text
         */
        function markNoConversion( $text, $noParse=false ) {
                return $this->mConverter->markNoConversion( $text, $noParse );
        }

        /**
         * A regular expression to match legal word-trailing characters
         * which should be merged onto a link of the form [[foo]]bar.
         *
         * @return string
         */
        function linkTrail() {
                return self::$dataCache->getItem( $this->mCode, 'linkTrail' );
        }

        function getLangObj() {
                return $this;
        }

        /**
         * Get the RFC 3066 code for this language object
         */
        function getCode() {
                return $this->mCode;
        }

        function setCode( $code ) {
                $this->mCode = $code;
        }

        static function getFileName( $prefix = 'Language', $code, $suffix = '.php' ) {
                return $prefix . str_replace( '-', '_', ucfirst( $code ) ) . $suffix;
        }

        static function getMessagesFileName( $code ) {
                global $IP;
                return self::getFileName( "$IP/languages/messages/Messages", $code, '.php' );
        }

        static function getClassFileName( $code ) {
                global $IP;
                return self::getFileName( "$IP/languages/classes/Language", $code, '.php' );
        }
        
        /**
         * Get the fallback for a given language
         */
        static function getFallbackFor( $code ) {
                if ( $code === 'en' ) {
                        // Shortcut
                        return false;
                } else {
                        return self::getLocalisationCache()->getItem( $code, 'fallback' );
                }
        }

        /** 
         * Get all messages for a given language
         * WARNING: this may take a long time
         */
        static function getMessagesFor( $code ) {
                return self::getLocalisationCache()->getItem( $code, 'messages' );
        }

        /** 
         * Get a message for a given language
         */
        static function getMessageFor( $key, $code ) {
                return self::getLocalisationCache()->getSubitem( $code, 'messages', $key );
        }

        function fixVariableInNamespace( $talk ) {
                if ( strpos( $talk, '$1' ) === false ) return $talk;

                global $wgMetaNamespace;
                $talk = str_replace( '$1', $wgMetaNamespace, $talk );

                # Allow grammar transformations
                # Allowing full message-style parsing would make simple requests 
                # such as action=raw much more expensive than they need to be. 
                # This will hopefully cover most cases.
                $talk = preg_replace_callback( '/{{grammar:(.*?)\|(.*?)}}/i', 
                        array( &$this, 'replaceGrammarInNamespace' ), $talk );
                return str_replace( ' ', '_', $talk );
        }

        function replaceGrammarInNamespace( $m ) {
                return $this->convertGrammar( trim( $m[2] ), trim( $m[1] ) );
        }

        static function getCaseMaps() {
                static $wikiUpperChars, $wikiLowerChars;
                if ( isset( $wikiUpperChars ) ) {
                        return array( $wikiUpperChars, $wikiLowerChars );
                }

                wfProfileIn( __METHOD__ );
                $arr = wfGetPrecompiledData( 'Utf8Case.ser' );
                if ( $arr === false ) {
                        throw new MWException( 
                                "Utf8Case.ser is missing, please run \"make\" in the serialized directory\n" );
                }
                extract( $arr );
                wfProfileOut( __METHOD__ );
                return array( $wikiUpperChars, $wikiLowerChars );
        }

        function formatTimePeriod( $seconds ) {
                if ( $seconds < 10 ) {
                        return $this->formatNum( sprintf( "%.1f", $seconds ) ) . wfMsg( 'seconds-abbrev' );
                } elseif ( $seconds < 60 ) {
                        return $this->formatNum( round( $seconds ) ) . wfMsg( 'seconds-abbrev' );
                } elseif ( $seconds < 3600 ) {
                        return $this->formatNum( floor( $seconds / 60 ) ) . wfMsg( 'minutes-abbrev' ) . 
                                $this->formatNum( round( fmod( $seconds, 60 ) ) ) . wfMsg( 'seconds-abbrev' );
                } else {
                        $hours = floor( $seconds / 3600 );
                        $minutes = floor( ( $seconds - $hours * 3600 ) / 60 );
                        $secondsPart = round( $seconds - $hours * 3600 - $minutes * 60 );
                        return $this->formatNum( $hours ) . wfMsg( 'hours-abbrev' ) . 
                                $this->formatNum( $minutes ) . wfMsg( 'minutes-abbrev' ) .
                                $this->formatNum( $secondsPart ) . wfMsg( 'seconds-abbrev' );
                }
        }

        function formatBitrate( $bps ) {
                $units = array( 'bps', 'kbps', 'Mbps', 'Gbps' );
                if ( $bps <= 0 ) {
                        return $this->formatNum( $bps ) . $units[0];
                }
                $unitIndex = floor( log10( $bps ) / 3 );
                $mantissa = $bps / pow( 1000, $unitIndex );
                if ( $mantissa < 10 ) {
                        $mantissa = round( $mantissa, 1 );
                } else {
                        $mantissa = round( $mantissa );
                }
                return $this->formatNum( $mantissa ) . $units[$unitIndex];
        }

        /**
         * Format a size in bytes for output, using an appropriate
         * unit (B, KB, MB or GB) according to the magnitude in question
         *
         * @param $size Size to format
         * @return string Plain text (not HTML)
         */
        function formatSize( $size ) {
                // For small sizes no decimal places necessary
                $round = 0;
                if( $size > 1024 ) {
                        $size = $size / 1024;
                        if( $size > 1024 ) {
                                $size = $size / 1024;
                                // For MB and bigger two decimal places are smarter
                                $round = 2;
                                if( $size > 1024 ) {
                                        $size = $size / 1024;
                                        $msg = 'size-gigabytes';
                                } else {
                                        $msg = 'size-megabytes';
                                }
                        } else {
                                $msg = 'size-kilobytes';
                        }
                } else {
                        $msg = 'size-bytes';
                }
                $size = round( $size, $round );
                $text = $this->getMessageFromDB( $msg );
                return str_replace( '$1', $this->formatNum( $size ), $text );
        }
}