Remove silly 'm' prefix from StubObject/DeprecatedGlobal members

[mediawiki.git] / includes / User.php

<?php
/**
 * Implements the User class for the %MediaWiki software.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
 * http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
 *
 * @file
 */

/**
 * Int Number of characters in user_token field.
 * @ingroup Constants
 */
define( 'USER_TOKEN_LENGTH', 32 );

/**
 * Int Serialized record version.
 * @ingroup Constants
 */
define( 'MW_USER_VERSION', 9 );

/**
 * String Some punctuation to prevent editing from broken text-mangling proxies.
 * @ingroup Constants
 */
define( 'EDIT_TOKEN_SUFFIX', '+\\' );

/**
 * Thrown by User::setPassword() on error.
 * @ingroup Exception
 */
class PasswordError extends MWException {
        // NOP
}

/**
 * The User object encapsulates all of the user-specific settings (user_id,
 * name, rights, password, email address, options, last login time). Client
 * classes use the getXXX() functions to access these fields. These functions
 * do all the work of determining whether the user is logged in,
 * whether the requested option can be satisfied from cookies or
 * whether a database query is needed. Most of the settings needed
 * for rendering normal pages are set in the cookie to minimize use
 * of the database.
 */
class User {
        /**
         * Global constants made accessible as class constants so that autoloader
         * magic can be used.
         */
        const USER_TOKEN_LENGTH = USER_TOKEN_LENGTH;
        const MW_USER_VERSION = MW_USER_VERSION;
        const EDIT_TOKEN_SUFFIX = EDIT_TOKEN_SUFFIX;

        /**
         * Maximum items in $mWatchedItems
         */
        const MAX_WATCHED_ITEMS_CACHE = 100;

        /**
         * Array of Strings List of member variables which are saved to the
         * shared cache (memcached). Any operation which changes the
         * corresponding database fields must call a cache-clearing function.
         * @showinitializer
         */
        protected static $mCacheVars = array(
                // user table
                'mId',
                'mName',
                'mRealName',
                'mPassword',
                'mNewpassword',
                'mNewpassTime',
                'mEmail',
                'mTouched',
                'mToken',
                'mEmailAuthenticated',
                'mEmailToken',
                'mEmailTokenExpires',
                'mPasswordExpires',
                'mRegistration',
                'mEditCount',
                // user_groups table
                'mGroups',
                // user_properties table
                'mOptionOverrides',
        );

        /**
         * Array of Strings Core rights.
         * Each of these should have a corresponding message of the form
         * "right-$right".
         * @showinitializer
         */
        protected static $mCoreRights = array(
                'apihighlimits',
                'autoconfirmed',
                'autopatrol',
                'bigdelete',
                'block',
                'blockemail',
                'bot',
                'browsearchive',
                'createaccount',
                'createpage',
                'createtalk',
                'delete',
                'deletedhistory',
                'deletedtext',
                'deletelogentry',
                'deleterevision',
                'edit',
                'editinterface',
                'editprotected',
                'editmyoptions',
                'editmyprivateinfo',
                'editmyusercss',
                'editmyuserjs',
                'editmywatchlist',
                'editsemiprotected',
                'editusercssjs', #deprecated
                'editusercss',
                'edituserjs',
                'hideuser',
                'import',
                'importupload',
                'ipblock-exempt',
                'markbotedits',
                'mergehistory',
                'minoredit',
                'move',
                'movefile',
                'move-categorypages',
                'move-rootuserpages',
                'move-subpages',
                'nominornewtalk',
                'noratelimit',
                'override-export-depth',
                'passwordreset',
                'patrol',
                'patrolmarks',
                'protect',
                'proxyunbannable',
                'purge',
                'read',
                'reupload',
                'reupload-own',
                'reupload-shared',
                'rollback',
                'sendemail',
                'siteadmin',
                'suppressionlog',
                'suppressredirect',
                'suppressrevision',
                'unblockself',
                'undelete',
                'unwatchedpages',
                'upload',
                'upload_by_url',
                'userrights',
                'userrights-interwiki',
                'viewmyprivateinfo',
                'viewmywatchlist',
                'writeapi',
        );

        /**
         * String Cached results of getAllRights()
         */
        protected static $mAllRights = false;

        /** @name Cache variables */
        //@{
        public $mId;

        public $mName;

        public $mRealName;

        public $mPassword;

        public $mNewpassword;

        public $mNewpassTime;

        public $mEmail;

        public $mTouched;

        protected $mToken;

        public $mEmailAuthenticated;

        protected $mEmailToken;

        protected $mEmailTokenExpires;

        protected $mRegistration;

        protected $mEditCount;

        public $mGroups;

        protected $mOptionOverrides;

        protected $mPasswordExpires;
        //@}

        /**
         * Bool Whether the cache variables have been loaded.
         */
        //@{
        public $mOptionsLoaded;

        /**
         * Array with already loaded items or true if all items have been loaded.
         */
        protected $mLoadedItems = array();
        //@}

        /**
         * String Initialization data source if mLoadedItems!==true. May be one of:
         *  - 'defaults'   anonymous user initialised from class defaults
         *  - 'name'       initialise from mName
         *  - 'id'         initialise from mId
         *  - 'session'    log in from cookies or session if possible
         *
         * Use the User::newFrom*() family of functions to set this.
         */
        public $mFrom;

        /**
         * Lazy-initialized variables, invalidated with clearInstanceCache
         */
        protected $mNewtalk;

        protected $mDatePreference;

        public $mBlockedby;

        protected $mHash;

        public $mRights;

        protected $mBlockreason;

        protected $mEffectiveGroups;

        protected $mImplicitGroups;

        protected $mFormerGroups;

        protected $mBlockedGlobally;

        protected $mLocked;

        public $mHideName;

        public $mOptions;

        /**
         * @var WebRequest
         */
        private $mRequest;

        /** @var Block */
        public $mBlock;

        /** @var bool */
        protected $mAllowUsertalk;

        /** @var Block */
        private $mBlockedFromCreateAccount = false;

        /** @var array */
        private $mWatchedItems = array();

        public static $idCacheByName = array();

        /**
         * Lightweight constructor for an anonymous user.
         * Use the User::newFrom* factory functions for other kinds of users.
         *
         * @see newFromName()
         * @see newFromId()
         * @see newFromConfirmationCode()
         * @see newFromSession()
         * @see newFromRow()
         */
        public function __construct() {
                $this->clearInstanceCache( 'defaults' );
        }

        /**
         * @return string
         */
        public function __toString() {
                return $this->getName();
        }

        /**
         * Load the user table data for this object from the source given by mFrom.
         */
        public function load() {
                if ( $this->mLoadedItems === true ) {
                        return;
                }
                wfProfileIn( __METHOD__ );

                // Set it now to avoid infinite recursion in accessors
                $this->mLoadedItems = true;

                switch ( $this->mFrom ) {
                        case 'defaults':
                                $this->loadDefaults();
                                break;
                        case 'name':
                                $this->mId = self::idFromName( $this->mName );
                                if ( !$this->mId ) {
                                        // Nonexistent user placeholder object
                                        $this->loadDefaults( $this->mName );
                                } else {
                                        $this->loadFromId();
                                }
                                break;
                        case 'id':
                                $this->loadFromId();
                                break;
                        case 'session':
                                if ( !$this->loadFromSession() ) {
                                        // Loading from session failed. Load defaults.
                                        $this->loadDefaults();
                                }
                                wfRunHooks( 'UserLoadAfterLoadFromSession', array( $this ) );
                                break;
                        default:
                                wfProfileOut( __METHOD__ );
                                throw new MWException( "Unrecognised value for User->mFrom: \"{$this->mFrom}\"" );
                }
                wfProfileOut( __METHOD__ );
        }

        /**
         * Load user table data, given mId has already been set.
         * @return bool false if the ID does not exist, true otherwise
         */
        public function loadFromId() {
                global $wgMemc;
                if ( $this->mId == 0 ) {
                        $this->loadDefaults();
                        return false;
                }

                // Try cache
                $key = wfMemcKey( 'user', 'id', $this->mId );
                $data = $wgMemc->get( $key );
                if ( !is_array( $data ) || $data['mVersion'] < MW_USER_VERSION ) {
                        // Object is expired, load from DB
                        $data = false;
                }

                if ( !$data ) {
                        wfDebug( "User: cache miss for user {$this->mId}\n" );
                        // Load from DB
                        if ( !$this->loadFromDatabase() ) {
                                // Can't load from ID, user is anonymous
                                return false;
                        }
                        $this->saveToCache();
                } else {
                        wfDebug( "User: got user {$this->mId} from cache\n" );
                        // Restore from cache
                        foreach ( self::$mCacheVars as $name ) {
                                $this->$name = $data[$name];
                        }
                }

                $this->mLoadedItems = true;

                return true;
        }

        /**
         * Save user data to the shared cache
         */
        public function saveToCache() {
                $this->load();
                $this->loadGroups();
                $this->loadOptions();
                if ( $this->isAnon() ) {
                        // Anonymous users are uncached
                        return;
                }
                $data = array();
                foreach ( self::$mCacheVars as $name ) {
                        $data[$name] = $this->$name;
                }
                $data['mVersion'] = MW_USER_VERSION;
                $key = wfMemcKey( 'user', 'id', $this->mId );
                global $wgMemc;
                $wgMemc->set( $key, $data );
        }

        /** @name newFrom*() static factory methods */
        //@{

        /**
         * Static factory method for creation from username.
         *
         * This is slightly less efficient than newFromId(), so use newFromId() if
         * you have both an ID and a name handy.
         *
         * @param string $name Username, validated by Title::newFromText()
         * @param string|bool $validate Validate username. Takes the same parameters as
         *  User::getCanonicalName(), except that true is accepted as an alias
         *  for 'valid', for BC.
         *
         * @return User|bool User object, or false if the username is invalid
         *  (e.g. if it contains illegal characters or is an IP address). If the
         *  username is not present in the database, the result will be a user object
         *  with a name, zero user ID and default settings.
         */
        public static function newFromName( $name, $validate = 'valid' ) {
                if ( $validate === true ) {
                        $validate = 'valid';
                }
                $name = self::getCanonicalName( $name, $validate );
                if ( $name === false ) {
                        return false;
                } else {
                        // Create unloaded user object
                        $u = new User;
                        $u->mName = $name;
                        $u->mFrom = 'name';
                        $u->setItemLoaded( 'name' );
                        return $u;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Static factory method for creation from a given user ID.
         *
         * @param int $id Valid user ID
         * @return User The corresponding User object
         */
        public static function newFromId( $id ) {
                $u = new User;
                $u->mId = $id;
                $u->mFrom = 'id';
                $u->setItemLoaded( 'id' );
                return $u;
        }

        /**
         * Factory method to fetch whichever user has a given email confirmation code.
         * This code is generated when an account is created or its e-mail address
         * has changed.
         *
         * If the code is invalid or has expired, returns NULL.
         *
         * @param string $code Confirmation code
         * @return User|null
         */
        public static function newFromConfirmationCode( $code ) {
                $dbr = wfGetDB( DB_SLAVE );
                $id = $dbr->selectField( 'user', 'user_id', array(
                        'user_email_token' => md5( $code ),
                        'user_email_token_expires > ' . $dbr->addQuotes( $dbr->timestamp() ),
                        ) );
                if ( $id !== false ) {
                        return User::newFromId( $id );
                } else {
                        return null;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Create a new user object using data from session or cookies. If the
         * login credentials are invalid, the result is an anonymous user.
         *
         * @param WebRequest|null $request Object to use; $wgRequest will be used if omitted.
         * @return User
         */
        public static function newFromSession( WebRequest $request = null ) {
                $user = new User;
                $user->mFrom = 'session';
                $user->mRequest = $request;
                return $user;
        }

        /**
         * Create a new user object from a user row.
         * The row should have the following fields from the user table in it:
         * - either user_name or user_id to load further data if needed (or both)
         * - user_real_name
         * - all other fields (email, password, etc.)
         * It is useless to provide the remaining fields if either user_id,
         * user_name and user_real_name are not provided because the whole row
         * will be loaded once more from the database when accessing them.
         *
         * @param stdClass $row A row from the user table
         * @param array $data Further data to load into the object (see User::loadFromRow for valid keys)
         * @return User
         */
        public static function newFromRow( $row, $data = null ) {
                $user = new User;
                $user->loadFromRow( $row, $data );
                return $user;
        }

        //@}

        /**
         * Get the username corresponding to a given user ID
         * @param int $id User ID
         * @return string|bool The corresponding username
         */
        public static function whoIs( $id ) {
                return UserCache::singleton()->getProp( $id, 'name' );
        }

        /**
         * Get the real name of a user given their user ID
         *
         * @param int $id User ID
         * @return string|bool The corresponding user's real name
         */
        public static function whoIsReal( $id ) {
                return UserCache::singleton()->getProp( $id, 'real_name' );
        }

        /**
         * Get database id given a user name
         * @param string $name Username
         * @return int|null The corresponding user's ID, or null if user is nonexistent
         */
        public static function idFromName( $name ) {
                $nt = Title::makeTitleSafe( NS_USER, $name );
                if ( is_null( $nt ) ) {
                        // Illegal name
                        return null;
                }

                if ( isset( self::$idCacheByName[$name] ) ) {
                        return self::$idCacheByName[$name];
                }

                $dbr = wfGetDB( DB_SLAVE );
                $s = $dbr->selectRow(
                        'user',
                        array( 'user_id' ),
                        array( 'user_name' => $nt->getText() ),
                        __METHOD__
                );

                if ( $s === false ) {
                        $result = null;
                } else {
                        $result = $s->user_id;
                }

                self::$idCacheByName[$name] = $result;

                if ( count( self::$idCacheByName ) > 1000 ) {
                        self::$idCacheByName = array();
                }

                return $result;
        }

        /**
         * Reset the cache used in idFromName(). For use in tests.
         */
        public static function resetIdByNameCache() {
                self::$idCacheByName = array();
        }

        /**
         * Does the string match an anonymous IPv4 address?
         *
         * This function exists for username validation, in order to reject
         * usernames which are similar in form to IP addresses. Strings such
         * as 300.300.300.300 will return true because it looks like an IP
         * address, despite not being strictly valid.
         *
         * We match "\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.xxx" as an anonymous IP
         * address because the usemod software would "cloak" anonymous IP
         * addresses like this, if we allowed accounts like this to be created
         * new users could get the old edits of these anonymous users.
         *
         * @param string $name Name to match
         * @return bool
         */
        public static function isIP( $name ) {
                return preg_match( '/^\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.(?:xxx|\d{1,3})$/', $name )
                        || IP::isIPv6( $name );
        }

        /**
         * Is the input a valid username?
         *
         * Checks if the input is a valid username, we don't want an empty string,
         * an IP address, anything that contains slashes (would mess up subpages),
         * is longer than the maximum allowed username size or doesn't begin with
         * a capital letter.
         *
         * @param string $name Name to match
         * @return bool
         */
        public static function isValidUserName( $name ) {
                global $wgContLang, $wgMaxNameChars;

                if ( $name == ''
                || User::isIP( $name )
                || strpos( $name, '/' ) !== false
                || strlen( $name ) > $wgMaxNameChars
                || $name != $wgContLang->ucfirst( $name ) ) {
                        wfDebugLog( 'username', __METHOD__ .
                                ": '$name' invalid due to empty, IP, slash, length, or lowercase" );
                        return false;
                }

                // Ensure that the name can't be misresolved as a different title,
                // such as with extra namespace keys at the start.
                $parsed = Title::newFromText( $name );
                if ( is_null( $parsed )
                        || $parsed->getNamespace()
                        || strcmp( $name, $parsed->getPrefixedText() ) ) {
                        wfDebugLog( 'username', __METHOD__ .
                                ": '$name' invalid due to ambiguous prefixes" );
                        return false;
                }

                // Check an additional blacklist of troublemaker characters.
                // Should these be merged into the title char list?
                $unicodeBlacklist = '/[' .
                        '\x{0080}-\x{009f}' . # iso-8859-1 control chars
                        '\x{00a0}' .          # non-breaking space
                        '\x{2000}-\x{200f}' . # various whitespace
                        '\x{2028}-\x{202f}' . # breaks and control chars
                        '\x{3000}' .          # ideographic space
                        '\x{e000}-\x{f8ff}' . # private use
                        ']/u';
                if ( preg_match( $unicodeBlacklist, $name ) ) {
                        wfDebugLog( 'username', __METHOD__ .
                                ": '$name' invalid due to blacklisted characters" );
                        return false;
                }

                return true;
        }

        /**
         * Usernames which fail to pass this function will be blocked
         * from user login and new account registrations, but may be used
         * internally by batch processes.
         *
         * If an account already exists in this form, login will be blocked
         * by a failure to pass this function.
         *
         * @param string $name Name to match
         * @return bool
         */
        public static function isUsableName( $name ) {
                global $wgReservedUsernames;
                // Must be a valid username, obviously ;)
                if ( !self::isValidUserName( $name ) ) {
                        return false;
                }

                static $reservedUsernames = false;
                if ( !$reservedUsernames ) {
                        $reservedUsernames = $wgReservedUsernames;
                        wfRunHooks( 'UserGetReservedNames', array( &$reservedUsernames ) );
                }

                // Certain names may be reserved for batch processes.
                foreach ( $reservedUsernames as $reserved ) {
                        if ( substr( $reserved, 0, 4 ) == 'msg:' ) {
                                $reserved = wfMessage( substr( $reserved, 4 ) )->inContentLanguage()->text();
                        }
                        if ( $reserved == $name ) {
                                return false;
                        }
                }
                return true;
        }

        /**
         * Usernames which fail to pass this function will be blocked
         * from new account registrations, but may be used internally
         * either by batch processes or by user accounts which have
         * already been created.
         *
         * Additional blacklisting may be added here rather than in
         * isValidUserName() to avoid disrupting existing accounts.
         *
         * @param string $name String to match
         * @return bool
         */
        public static function isCreatableName( $name ) {
                global $wgInvalidUsernameCharacters;

                // Ensure that the username isn't longer than 235 bytes, so that
                // (at least for the builtin skins) user javascript and css files
                // will work. (bug 23080)
                if ( strlen( $name ) > 235 ) {
                        wfDebugLog( 'username', __METHOD__ .
                                ": '$name' invalid due to length" );
                        return false;
                }

                // Preg yells if you try to give it an empty string
                if ( $wgInvalidUsernameCharacters !== '' ) {
                        if ( preg_match( '/[' . preg_quote( $wgInvalidUsernameCharacters, '/' ) . ']/', $name ) ) {
                                wfDebugLog( 'username', __METHOD__ .
                                        ": '$name' invalid due to wgInvalidUsernameCharacters" );
                                return false;
                        }
                }

                return self::isUsableName( $name );
        }

        /**
         * Is the input a valid password for this user?
         *
         * @param string $password Desired password
         * @return bool
         */
        public function isValidPassword( $password ) {
                //simple boolean wrapper for getPasswordValidity
                return $this->getPasswordValidity( $password ) === true;
        }


        /**
         * Given unvalidated password input, return error message on failure.
         *
         * @param string $password Desired password
         * @return bool|string|array true on success, string or array of error message on failure
         */
        public function getPasswordValidity( $password ) {
                $result = $this->checkPasswordValidity( $password );
                if ( $result->isGood() ) {
                        return true;
                } else {
                        $messages = array();
                        foreach ( $result->getErrorsByType( 'error' ) as $error ) {
                                $messages[] = $error['message'];
                        }
                        foreach ( $result->getErrorsByType( 'warning' ) as $warning ) {
                                $messages[] = $warning['message'];
                        }
                        if ( count( $messages ) === 1 ) {
                                return $messages[0];
                        }
                        return $messages;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Check if this is a valid password for this user. Status will be good if
         * the password is valid, or have an array of error messages if not.
         *
         * @param string $password Desired password
         * @return Status
         * @since 1.23
         */
        public function checkPasswordValidity( $password ) {
                global $wgMinimalPasswordLength, $wgContLang;

                static $blockedLogins = array(
                        'Useruser' => 'Passpass', 'Useruser1' => 'Passpass1', # r75589
                        'Apitestsysop' => 'testpass', 'Apitestuser' => 'testpass' # r75605
                );

                $status = Status::newGood();

                $result = false; //init $result to false for the internal checks

                if ( !wfRunHooks( 'isValidPassword', array( $password, &$result, $this ) ) ) {
                        $status->error( $result );
                        return $status;
                }

                if ( $result === false ) {
                        if ( strlen( $password ) < $wgMinimalPasswordLength ) {
                                $status->error( 'passwordtooshort', $wgMinimalPasswordLength );
                                return $status;
                        } elseif ( $wgContLang->lc( $password ) == $wgContLang->lc( $this->mName ) ) {
                                $status->error( 'password-name-match' );
                                return $status;
                        } elseif ( isset( $blockedLogins[$this->getName()] )
                                && $password == $blockedLogins[$this->getName()]
                        ) {
                                $status->error( 'password-login-forbidden' );
                                return $status;
                        } else {
                                //it seems weird returning a Good status here, but this is because of the
                                //initialization of $result to false above. If the hook is never run or it
                                //doesn't modify $result, then we will likely get down into this if with
                                //a valid password.
                                return $status;
                        }
                } elseif ( $result === true ) {
                        return $status;
                } else {
                        $status->error( $result );
                        return $status; //the isValidPassword hook set a string $result and returned true
                }
        }

        /**
         * Expire a user's password
         * @since 1.23
         * @param int $ts Optional timestamp to convert, default 0 for the current time
         */
        public function expirePassword( $ts = 0 ) {
                $this->load();
                $timestamp = wfTimestamp( TS_MW, $ts );
                $this->mPasswordExpires = $timestamp;
                $this->saveSettings();
        }

        /**
         * Clear the password expiration for a user
         * @since 1.23
         * @param bool $load Ensure user object is loaded first
         */
        public function resetPasswordExpiration( $load = true ) {
                global $wgPasswordExpirationDays;
                if ( $load ) {
                        $this->load();
                }
                $newExpire = null;
                if ( $wgPasswordExpirationDays ) {
                        $newExpire = wfTimestamp(
                                TS_MW,
                                time() + ( $wgPasswordExpirationDays * 24 * 3600 )
                        );
                }
                // Give extensions a chance to force an expiration
                wfRunHooks( 'ResetPasswordExpiration', array( $this, &$newExpire ) );
                $this->mPasswordExpires = $newExpire;
        }

        /**
         * Check if the user's password is expired.
         * TODO: Put this and password length into a PasswordPolicy object
         * @since 1.23
         * @return string|bool The expiration type, or false if not expired
         *      hard: A password change is required to login
         *      soft: Allow login, but encourage password change
         *      false: Password is not expired
         */
        public function getPasswordExpired() {
                global $wgPasswordExpireGrace;
                $expired = false;
                $now = wfTimestamp();
                $expiration = $this->getPasswordExpireDate();
                $expUnix = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $expiration );
                if ( $expiration !== null && $expUnix < $now ) {
                        $expired = ( $expUnix + $wgPasswordExpireGrace < $now ) ? 'hard' : 'soft';
                }
                return $expired;
        }

        /**
         * Get this user's password expiration date. Since this may be using
         * the cached User object, we assume that whatever mechanism is setting
         * the expiration date is also expiring the User cache.
         * @since 1.23
         * @return string|bool The datestamp of the expiration, or null if not set
         */
        public function getPasswordExpireDate() {
                $this->load();
                return $this->mPasswordExpires;
        }

        /**
         * Does a string look like an e-mail address?
         *
         * This validates an email address using an HTML5 specification found at:
         * http://www.whatwg.org/html/states-of-the-type-attribute.html#valid-e-mail-address
         * Which as of 2011-01-24 says:
         *
         *     A valid e-mail address is a string that matches the ABNF production
         *   1*( atext / "." ) "@" ldh-str *( "." ldh-str ) where atext is defined
         *   in RFC 5322 section 3.2.3, and ldh-str is defined in RFC 1034 section
         *   3.5.
         *
         * This function is an implementation of the specification as requested in
         * bug 22449.
         *
         * Client-side forms will use the same standard validation rules via JS or
         * HTML 5 validation; additional restrictions can be enforced server-side
         * by extensions via the 'isValidEmailAddr' hook.
         *
         * Note that this validation doesn't 100% match RFC 2822, but is believed
         * to be liberal enough for wide use. Some invalid addresses will still
         * pass validation here.
         *
         * @param string $addr E-mail address
         * @return bool
         * @deprecated since 1.18 call Sanitizer::isValidEmail() directly
         */
        public static function isValidEmailAddr( $addr ) {
                wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.18' );
                return Sanitizer::validateEmail( $addr );
        }

        /**
         * Given unvalidated user input, return a canonical username, or false if
         * the username is invalid.
         * @param string $name User input
         * @param string|bool $validate Type of validation to use:
         *   - false        No validation
         *   - 'valid'      Valid for batch processes
         *   - 'usable'     Valid for batch processes and login
         *   - 'creatable'  Valid for batch processes, login and account creation
         *
         * @throws MWException
         * @return bool|string
         */
        public static function getCanonicalName( $name, $validate = 'valid' ) {
                // Force usernames to capital
                global $wgContLang;
                $name = $wgContLang->ucfirst( $name );

                # Reject names containing '#'; these will be cleaned up
                # with title normalisation, but then it's too late to
                # check elsewhere
                if ( strpos( $name, '#' ) !== false ) {
                        return false;
                }

                // Clean up name according to title rules
                $t = ( $validate === 'valid' ) ?
                        Title::newFromText( $name ) : Title::makeTitle( NS_USER, $name );
                // Check for invalid titles
                if ( is_null( $t ) ) {
                        return false;
                }

                // Reject various classes of invalid names
                global $wgAuth;
                $name = $wgAuth->getCanonicalName( $t->getText() );

                switch ( $validate ) {
                        case false:
                                break;
                        case 'valid':
                                if ( !User::isValidUserName( $name ) ) {
                                        $name = false;
                                }
                                break;
                        case 'usable':
                                if ( !User::isUsableName( $name ) ) {
                                        $name = false;
                                }
                                break;
                        case 'creatable':
                                if ( !User::isCreatableName( $name ) ) {
                                        $name = false;
                                }
                                break;
                        default:
                                throw new MWException( 'Invalid parameter value for $validate in ' . __METHOD__ );
                }
                return $name;
        }

        /**
         * Count the number of edits of a user
         *
         * @param int $uid User ID to check
         * @return int The user's edit count
         *
         * @deprecated since 1.21 in favour of User::getEditCount
         */
        public static function edits( $uid ) {
                wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.21' );
                $user = self::newFromId( $uid );
                return $user->getEditCount();
        }

        /**
         * Return a random password.
         *
         * @return string New random password
         */
        public static function randomPassword() {
                global $wgMinimalPasswordLength;
                // Decide the final password length based on our min password length,
                // stopping at a minimum of 10 chars.
                $length = max( 10, $wgMinimalPasswordLength );
                // Multiply by 1.25 to get the number of hex characters we need
                $length = $length * 1.25;
                // Generate random hex chars
                $hex = MWCryptRand::generateHex( $length );
                // Convert from base 16 to base 32 to get a proper password like string
                return wfBaseConvert( $hex, 16, 32 );
        }

        /**
         * Set cached properties to default.
         *
         * @note This no longer clears uncached lazy-initialised properties;
         *       the constructor does that instead.
         *
         * @param string|bool $name
         */
        public function loadDefaults( $name = false ) {
                wfProfileIn( __METHOD__ );

                $this->mId = 0;
                $this->mName = $name;
                $this->mRealName = '';
                $this->mPassword = $this->mNewpassword = '';
                $this->mNewpassTime = null;
                $this->mEmail = '';
                $this->mOptionOverrides = null;
                $this->mOptionsLoaded = false;

                $loggedOut = $this->getRequest()->getCookie( 'LoggedOut' );
                if ( $loggedOut !== null ) {
                        $this->mTouched = wfTimestamp( TS_MW, $loggedOut );
                } else {
                        $this->mTouched = '1'; # Allow any pages to be cached
                }

                $this->mToken = null; // Don't run cryptographic functions till we need a token
                $this->mEmailAuthenticated = null;
                $this->mEmailToken = '';
                $this->mEmailTokenExpires = null;
                $this->mPasswordExpires = null;
                $this->resetPasswordExpiration( false );
                $this->mRegistration = wfTimestamp( TS_MW );
                $this->mGroups = array();

                wfRunHooks( 'UserLoadDefaults', array( $this, $name ) );

                wfProfileOut( __METHOD__ );
        }

        /**
         * Return whether an item has been loaded.
         *
         * @param string $item Item to check. Current possibilities:
         *   - id
         *   - name
         *   - realname
         * @param string $all 'all' to check if the whole object has been loaded
         *   or any other string to check if only the item is available (e.g.
         *   for optimisation)
         * @return bool
         */
        public function isItemLoaded( $item, $all = 'all' ) {
                return ( $this->mLoadedItems === true && $all === 'all' ) ||
                        ( isset( $this->mLoadedItems[$item] ) && $this->mLoadedItems[$item] === true );
        }

        /**
         * Set that an item has been loaded
         *
         * @param string $item
         */
        protected function setItemLoaded( $item ) {
                if ( is_array( $this->mLoadedItems ) ) {
                        $this->mLoadedItems[$item] = true;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Load user data from the session or login cookie.
         * @return bool True if the user is logged in, false otherwise.
         */
        private function loadFromSession() {
                $result = null;
                wfRunHooks( 'UserLoadFromSession', array( $this, &$result ) );
                if ( $result !== null ) {
                        return $result;
                }

                $request = $this->getRequest();

                $cookieId = $request->getCookie( 'UserID' );
                $sessId = $request->getSessionData( 'wsUserID' );

                if ( $cookieId !== null ) {
                        $sId = intval( $cookieId );
                        if ( $sessId !== null && $cookieId != $sessId ) {
                                wfDebugLog( 'loginSessions', "Session user ID ($sessId) and
                                        cookie user ID ($sId) don't match!" );
                                return false;
                        }
                        $request->setSessionData( 'wsUserID', $sId );
                } elseif ( $sessId !== null && $sessId != 0 ) {
                        $sId = $sessId;
                } else {
                        return false;
                }

                if ( $request->getSessionData( 'wsUserName' ) !== null ) {
                        $sName = $request->getSessionData( 'wsUserName' );
                } elseif ( $request->getCookie( 'UserName' ) !== null ) {
                        $sName = $request->getCookie( 'UserName' );
                        $request->setSessionData( 'wsUserName', $sName );
                } else {
                        return false;
                }

                $proposedUser = User::newFromId( $sId );
                if ( !$proposedUser->isLoggedIn() ) {
                        // Not a valid ID
                        return false;
                }

                global $wgBlockDisablesLogin;
                if ( $wgBlockDisablesLogin && $proposedUser->isBlocked() ) {
                        // User blocked and we've disabled blocked user logins
                        return false;
                }

                if ( $request->getSessionData( 'wsToken' ) ) {
                        $passwordCorrect =
                                ( $proposedUser->getToken( false ) === $request->getSessionData( 'wsToken' ) );
                        $from = 'session';
                } elseif ( $request->getCookie( 'Token' ) ) {
                        # Get the token from DB/cache and clean it up to remove garbage padding.
                        # This deals with historical problems with bugs and the default column value.
                        $token = rtrim( $proposedUser->getToken( false ) ); // correct token
                        // Make comparison in constant time (bug 61346)
                        $passwordCorrect = strlen( $token )
                                && $this->compareSecrets( $token, $request->getCookie( 'Token' ) );
                        $from = 'cookie';
                } else {
                        // No session or persistent login cookie
                        return false;
                }

                if ( ( $sName === $proposedUser->getName() ) && $passwordCorrect ) {
                        $this->loadFromUserObject( $proposedUser );
                        $request->setSessionData( 'wsToken', $this->mToken );
                        wfDebug( "User: logged in from $from\n" );
                        return true;
                } else {
                        // Invalid credentials
                        wfDebug( "User: can't log in from $from, invalid credentials\n" );
                        return false;
                }
        }

        /**
         * A comparison of two strings, not vulnerable to timing attacks
         * @param string $answer The secret string that you are comparing against.
         * @param string $test Compare this string to the $answer.
         * @return bool True if the strings are the same, false otherwise
         */
        protected function compareSecrets( $answer, $test ) {
                if ( strlen( $answer ) !== strlen( $test ) ) {
                        $passwordCorrect = false;
                } else {
                        $result = 0;
                        $answerLength = strlen( $answer );
                        for ( $i = 0; $i < $answerLength; $i++ ) {
                                $result |= ord( $answer[$i] ) ^ ord( $test[$i] );
                        }
                        $passwordCorrect = ( $result == 0 );
                }

                return $passwordCorrect;
        }

        /**
         * Load user and user_group data from the database.
         * $this->mId must be set, this is how the user is identified.
         *
         * @return bool True if the user exists, false if the user is anonymous
         */
        public function loadFromDatabase() {
                // Paranoia
                $this->mId = intval( $this->mId );

                // Anonymous user
                if ( !$this->mId ) {
                        $this->loadDefaults();
                        return false;
                }

                $dbr = wfGetDB( DB_MASTER );
                $s = $dbr->selectRow(
                        'user',
                        self::selectFields(),
                        array( 'user_id' => $this->mId ),
                        __METHOD__
                );

                wfRunHooks( 'UserLoadFromDatabase', array( $this, &$s ) );

                if ( $s !== false ) {
                        // Initialise user table data
                        $this->loadFromRow( $s );
                        $this->mGroups = null; // deferred
                        $this->getEditCount(); // revalidation for nulls
                        return true;
                } else {
                        // Invalid user_id
                        $this->mId = 0;
                        $this->loadDefaults();
                        return false;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Initialize this object from a row from the user table.
         *
         * @param stdClass $row Row from the user table to load.
         * @param array $data Further user data to load into the object
         *
         *      user_groups             Array with groups out of the user_groups table
         *      user_properties         Array with properties out of the user_properties table
         */
        public function loadFromRow( $row, $data = null ) {
                $all = true;

                $this->mGroups = null; // deferred

                if ( isset( $row->user_name ) ) {
                        $this->mName = $row->user_name;
                        $this->mFrom = 'name';
                        $this->setItemLoaded( 'name' );
                } else {
                        $all = false;
                }

                if ( isset( $row->user_real_name ) ) {
                        $this->mRealName = $row->user_real_name;
                        $this->setItemLoaded( 'realname' );
                } else {
                        $all = false;
                }

                if ( isset( $row->user_id ) ) {
                        $this->mId = intval( $row->user_id );
                        $this->mFrom = 'id';
                        $this->setItemLoaded( 'id' );
                } else {
                        $all = false;
                }

                if ( isset( $row->user_editcount ) ) {
                        $this->mEditCount = $row->user_editcount;
                } else {
                        $all = false;
                }

                if ( isset( $row->user_password ) ) {
                        $this->mPassword = $row->user_password;
                        $this->mNewpassword = $row->user_newpassword;
                        $this->mNewpassTime = wfTimestampOrNull( TS_MW, $row->user_newpass_time );
                        $this->mEmail = $row->user_email;
                        if ( isset( $row->user_options ) ) {
                                $this->decodeOptions( $row->user_options );
                        }
                        $this->mTouched = wfTimestamp( TS_MW, $row->user_touched );
                        $this->mToken = $row->user_token;
                        if ( $this->mToken == '' ) {
                                $this->mToken = null;
                        }
                        $this->mEmailAuthenticated = wfTimestampOrNull( TS_MW, $row->user_email_authenticated );
                        $this->mEmailToken = $row->user_email_token;
                        $this->mEmailTokenExpires = wfTimestampOrNull( TS_MW, $row->user_email_token_expires );
                        $this->mPasswordExpires = wfTimestampOrNull( TS_MW, $row->user_password_expires );
                        $this->mRegistration = wfTimestampOrNull( TS_MW, $row->user_registration );
                } else {
                        $all = false;
                }

                if ( $all ) {
                        $this->mLoadedItems = true;
                }

                if ( is_array( $data ) ) {
                        if ( isset( $data['user_groups'] ) && is_array( $data['user_groups'] ) ) {
                                $this->mGroups = $data['user_groups'];
                        }
                        if ( isset( $data['user_properties'] ) && is_array( $data['user_properties'] ) ) {
                                $this->loadOptions( $data['user_properties'] );
                        }
                }
        }

        /**
         * Load the data for this user object from another user object.
         *
         * @param User $user
         */
        protected function loadFromUserObject( $user ) {
                $user->load();
                $user->loadGroups();
                $user->loadOptions();
                foreach ( self::$mCacheVars as $var ) {
                        $this->$var = $user->$var;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Load the groups from the database if they aren't already loaded.
         */
        private function loadGroups() {
                if ( is_null( $this->mGroups ) ) {
                        $dbr = wfGetDB( DB_MASTER );
                        $res = $dbr->select( 'user_groups',
                                array( 'ug_group' ),
                                array( 'ug_user' => $this->mId ),
                                __METHOD__ );
                        $this->mGroups = array();
                        foreach ( $res as $row ) {
                                $this->mGroups[] = $row->ug_group;
                        }
                }
        }

        /**
         * Add the user to the group if he/she meets given criteria.
         *
         * Contrary to autopromotion by \ref $wgAutopromote, the group will be
         *   possible to remove manually via Special:UserRights. In such case it
         *   will not be re-added automatically. The user will also not lose the
         *   group if they no longer meet the criteria.
         *
         * @param string $event Key in $wgAutopromoteOnce (each one has groups/criteria)
         *
         * @return array Array of groups the user has been promoted to.
         *
         * @see $wgAutopromoteOnce
         */
        public function addAutopromoteOnceGroups( $event ) {
                global $wgAutopromoteOnceLogInRC, $wgAuth;

                $toPromote = array();
                if ( $this->getId() ) {
                        $toPromote = Autopromote::getAutopromoteOnceGroups( $this, $event );
                        if ( count( $toPromote ) ) {
                                $oldGroups = $this->getGroups(); // previous groups

                                foreach ( $toPromote as $group ) {
                                        $this->addGroup( $group );
                                }
                                // update groups in external authentication database
                                $wgAuth->updateExternalDBGroups( $this, $toPromote );

                                $newGroups = array_merge( $oldGroups, $toPromote ); // all groups

                                $logEntry = new ManualLogEntry( 'rights', 'autopromote' );
                                $logEntry->setPerformer( $this );
                                $logEntry->setTarget( $this->getUserPage() );
                                $logEntry->setParameters( array(
                                        '4::oldgroups' => $oldGroups,
                                        '5::newgroups' => $newGroups,
                                ) );
                                $logid = $logEntry->insert();
                                if ( $wgAutopromoteOnceLogInRC ) {
                                        $logEntry->publish( $logid );
                                }
                        }
                }
                return $toPromote;
        }

        /**
         * Clear various cached data stored in this object. The cache of the user table
         * data (i.e. self::$mCacheVars) is not cleared unless $reloadFrom is given.
         *
         * @param bool|string $reloadFrom Reload user and user_groups table data from a
         *   given source. May be "name", "id", "defaults", "session", or false for no reload.
         */
        public function clearInstanceCache( $reloadFrom = false ) {
                $this->mNewtalk = -1;
                $this->mDatePreference = null;
                $this->mBlockedby = -1; # Unset
                $this->mHash = false;
                $this->mRights = null;
                $this->mEffectiveGroups = null;
                $this->mImplicitGroups = null;
                $this->mGroups = null;
                $this->mOptions = null;
                $this->mOptionsLoaded = false;
                $this->mEditCount = null;

                if ( $reloadFrom ) {
                        $this->mLoadedItems = array();
                        $this->mFrom = $reloadFrom;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Combine the language default options with any site-specific options
         * and add the default language variants.
         *
         * @return array Array of String options
         */
        public static function getDefaultOptions() {
                global $wgNamespacesToBeSearchedDefault, $wgDefaultUserOptions, $wgContLang, $wgDefaultSkin;

                static $defOpt = null;
                if ( !defined( 'MW_PHPUNIT_TEST' ) && $defOpt !== null ) {
                        // Disabling this for the unit tests, as they rely on being able to change $wgContLang
                        // mid-request and see that change reflected in the return value of this function.
                        // Which is insane and would never happen during normal MW operation
                        return $defOpt;
                }

                $defOpt = $wgDefaultUserOptions;
                // Default language setting
                $defOpt['language'] = $wgContLang->getCode();
                foreach ( LanguageConverter::$languagesWithVariants as $langCode ) {
                        $defOpt[$langCode == $wgContLang->getCode() ? 'variant' : "variant-$langCode"] = $langCode;
                }
                foreach ( SearchEngine::searchableNamespaces() as $nsnum => $nsname ) {
                        $defOpt['searchNs' . $nsnum] = !empty( $wgNamespacesToBeSearchedDefault[$nsnum] );
                }
                $defOpt['skin'] = $wgDefaultSkin;

                wfRunHooks( 'UserGetDefaultOptions', array( &$defOpt ) );

                return $defOpt;
        }

        /**
         * Get a given default option value.
         *
         * @param string $opt Name of option to retrieve
         * @return string Default option value
         */
        public static function getDefaultOption( $opt ) {
                $defOpts = self::getDefaultOptions();
                if ( isset( $defOpts[$opt] ) ) {
                        return $defOpts[$opt];
                } else {
                        return null;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Get blocking information
         * @param bool $bFromSlave Whether to check the slave database first.
         *   To improve performance, non-critical checks are done against slaves.
         *   Check when actually saving should be done against master.
         */
        private function getBlockedStatus( $bFromSlave = true ) {
                global $wgProxyWhitelist, $wgUser, $wgApplyIpBlocksToXff;

                if ( -1 != $this->mBlockedby ) {
                        return;
                }

                wfProfileIn( __METHOD__ );
                wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": checking...\n" );

                // Initialize data...
                // Otherwise something ends up stomping on $this->mBlockedby when
                // things get lazy-loaded later, causing false positive block hits
                // due to -1 !== 0. Probably session-related... Nothing should be
                // overwriting mBlockedby, surely?
                $this->load();

                # We only need to worry about passing the IP address to the Block generator if the
                # user is not immune to autoblocks/hardblocks, and they are the current user so we
                # know which IP address they're actually coming from
                if ( !$this->isAllowed( 'ipblock-exempt' ) && $this->getID() == $wgUser->getID() ) {
                        $ip = $this->getRequest()->getIP();
                } else {
                        $ip = null;
                }

                // User/IP blocking
                $block = Block::newFromTarget( $this, $ip, !$bFromSlave );

                // Proxy blocking
                if ( !$block instanceof Block && $ip !== null && !$this->isAllowed( 'proxyunbannable' )
                        && !in_array( $ip, $wgProxyWhitelist )
                ) {
                        // Local list
                        if ( self::isLocallyBlockedProxy( $ip ) ) {
                                $block = new Block;
                                $block->setBlocker( wfMessage( 'proxyblocker' )->text() );
                                $block->mReason = wfMessage( 'proxyblockreason' )->text();
                                $block->setTarget( $ip );
                        } elseif ( $this->isAnon() && $this->isDnsBlacklisted( $ip ) ) {
                                $block = new Block;
                                $block->setBlocker( wfMessage( 'sorbs' )->text() );
                                $block->mReason = wfMessage( 'sorbsreason' )->text();
                                $block->setTarget( $ip );
                        }
                }

                // (bug 23343) Apply IP blocks to the contents of XFF headers, if enabled
                if ( !$block instanceof Block
                        && $wgApplyIpBlocksToXff
                        && $ip !== null
                        && !$this->isAllowed( 'proxyunbannable' )
                        && !in_array( $ip, $wgProxyWhitelist )
                ) {
                        $xff = $this->getRequest()->getHeader( 'X-Forwarded-For' );
                        $xff = array_map( 'trim', explode( ',', $xff ) );
                        $xff = array_diff( $xff, array( $ip ) );
                        $xffblocks = Block::getBlocksForIPList( $xff, $this->isAnon(), !$bFromSlave );
                        $block = Block::chooseBlock( $xffblocks, $xff );
                        if ( $block instanceof Block ) {
                                # Mangle the reason to alert the user that the block
                                # originated from matching the X-Forwarded-For header.
                                $block->mReason = wfMessage( 'xffblockreason', $block->mReason )->text();
                        }
                }

                if ( $block instanceof Block ) {
                        wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": Found block.\n" );
                        $this->mBlock = $block;
                        $this->mBlockedby = $block->getByName();
                        $this->mBlockreason = $block->mReason;
                        $this->mHideName = $block->mHideName;
                        $this->mAllowUsertalk = !$block->prevents( 'editownusertalk' );
                } else {
                        $this->mBlockedby = '';
                        $this->mHideName = 0;
                        $this->mAllowUsertalk = false;
                }

                // Extensions
                wfRunHooks( 'GetBlockedStatus', array( &$this ) );

                wfProfileOut( __METHOD__ );
        }

        /**
         * Whether the given IP is in a DNS blacklist.
         *
         * @param string $ip IP to check
         * @param bool $checkWhitelist Whether to check the whitelist first
         * @return bool True if blacklisted.
         */
        public function isDnsBlacklisted( $ip, $checkWhitelist = false ) {
                global $wgEnableSorbs, $wgEnableDnsBlacklist,
                        $wgSorbsUrl, $wgDnsBlacklistUrls, $wgProxyWhitelist;

                if ( !$wgEnableDnsBlacklist && !$wgEnableSorbs ) {
                        return false;
                }

                if ( $checkWhitelist && in_array( $ip, $wgProxyWhitelist ) ) {
                        return false;
                }

                $urls = array_merge( $wgDnsBlacklistUrls, (array)$wgSorbsUrl );
                return $this->inDnsBlacklist( $ip, $urls );
        }

        /**
         * Whether the given IP is in a given DNS blacklist.
         *
         * @param string $ip IP to check
         * @param string|array $bases Array of Strings: URL of the DNS blacklist
         * @return bool True if blacklisted.
         */
        public function inDnsBlacklist( $ip, $bases ) {
                wfProfileIn( __METHOD__ );

                $found = false;
                // @todo FIXME: IPv6 ???  (http://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=33170)
                if ( IP::isIPv4( $ip ) ) {
                        // Reverse IP, bug 21255
                        $ipReversed = implode( '.', array_reverse( explode( '.', $ip ) ) );

                        foreach ( (array)$bases as $base ) {
                                // Make hostname
                                // If we have an access key, use that too (ProjectHoneypot, etc.)
                                if ( is_array( $base ) ) {
                                        if ( count( $base ) >= 2 ) {
                                                // Access key is 1, base URL is 0
                                                $host = "{$base[1]}.$ipReversed.{$base[0]}";
                                        } else {
                                                $host = "$ipReversed.{$base[0]}";
                                        }
                                } else {
                                        $host = "$ipReversed.$base";
                                }

                                // Send query
                                $ipList = gethostbynamel( $host );

                                if ( $ipList ) {
                                        wfDebugLog( 'dnsblacklist', "Hostname $host is {$ipList[0]}, it's a proxy says $base!" );
                                        $found = true;
                                        break;
                                } else {
                                        wfDebugLog( 'dnsblacklist', "Requested $host, not found in $base." );
                                }
                        }
                }

                wfProfileOut( __METHOD__ );
                return $found;
        }

        /**
         * Check if an IP address is in the local proxy list
         *
         * @param string $ip
         *
         * @return bool
         */
        public static function isLocallyBlockedProxy( $ip ) {
                global $wgProxyList;

                if ( !$wgProxyList ) {
                        return false;
                }
                wfProfileIn( __METHOD__ );

                if ( !is_array( $wgProxyList ) ) {
                        // Load from the specified file
                        $wgProxyList = array_map( 'trim', file( $wgProxyList ) );
                }

                if ( !is_array( $wgProxyList ) ) {
                        $ret = false;
                } elseif ( array_search( $ip, $wgProxyList ) !== false ) {
                        $ret = true;
                } elseif ( array_key_exists( $ip, $wgProxyList ) ) {
                        // Old-style flipped proxy list
                        $ret = true;
                } else {
                        $ret = false;
                }
                wfProfileOut( __METHOD__ );
                return $ret;
        }

        /**
         * Is this user subject to rate limiting?
         *
         * @return bool True if rate limited
         */
        public function isPingLimitable() {
                global $wgRateLimitsExcludedIPs;
                if ( in_array( $this->getRequest()->getIP(), $wgRateLimitsExcludedIPs ) ) {
                        // No other good way currently to disable rate limits
                        // for specific IPs. :P
                        // But this is a crappy hack and should die.
                        return false;
                }
                return !$this->isAllowed( 'noratelimit' );
        }

        /**
         * Primitive rate limits: enforce maximum actions per time period
         * to put a brake on flooding.
         *
         * @note When using a shared cache like memcached, IP-address
         * last-hit counters will be shared across wikis.
         *
         * @param string $action Action to enforce; 'edit' if unspecified
         * @param int $incrBy Positive amount to increment counter by [defaults to 1]
         * @return bool True if a rate limiter was tripped
         */
        public function pingLimiter( $action = 'edit', $incrBy = 1 ) {
                // Call the 'PingLimiter' hook
                $result = false;
                if ( !wfRunHooks( 'PingLimiter', array( &$this, $action, &$result, $incrBy ) ) ) {
                        return $result;
                }

                global $wgRateLimits;
                if ( !isset( $wgRateLimits[$action] ) ) {
                        return false;
                }

                // Some groups shouldn't trigger the ping limiter, ever
                if ( !$this->isPingLimitable() ) {
                        return false;
                }

                global $wgMemc;
                wfProfileIn( __METHOD__ );

                $limits = $wgRateLimits[$action];
                $keys = array();
                $id = $this->getId();
                $userLimit = false;

                if ( isset( $limits['anon'] ) && $id == 0 ) {
                        $keys[wfMemcKey( 'limiter', $action, 'anon' )] = $limits['anon'];
                }

                if ( isset( $limits['user'] ) && $id != 0 ) {
                        $userLimit = $limits['user'];
                }
                if ( $this->isNewbie() ) {
                        if ( isset( $limits['newbie'] ) && $id != 0 ) {
                                $keys[wfMemcKey( 'limiter', $action, 'user', $id )] = $limits['newbie'];
                        }
                        if ( isset( $limits['ip'] ) ) {
                                $ip = $this->getRequest()->getIP();
                                $keys["mediawiki:limiter:$action:ip:$ip"] = $limits['ip'];
                        }
                        if ( isset( $limits['subnet'] ) ) {
                                $ip = $this->getRequest()->getIP();
                                $matches = array();
                                $subnet = false;
                                if ( IP::isIPv6( $ip ) ) {
                                        $parts = IP::parseRange( "$ip/64" );
                                        $subnet = $parts[0];
                                } elseif ( preg_match( '/^(\d+\.\d+\.\d+)\.\d+$/', $ip, $matches ) ) {
                                        // IPv4
                                        $subnet = $matches[1];
                                }
                                if ( $subnet !== false ) {
                                        $keys["mediawiki:limiter:$action:subnet:$subnet"] = $limits['subnet'];
                                }
                        }
                }
                // Check for group-specific permissions
                // If more than one group applies, use the group with the highest limit
                foreach ( $this->getGroups() as $group ) {
                        if ( isset( $limits[$group] ) ) {
                                if ( $userLimit === false || $limits[$group] > $userLimit ) {
                                        $userLimit = $limits[$group];
                                }
                        }
                }
                // Set the user limit key
                if ( $userLimit !== false ) {
                        list( $max, $period ) = $userLimit;
                        wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": effective user limit: $max in {$period}s\n" );
                        $keys[wfMemcKey( 'limiter', $action, 'user', $id )] = $userLimit;
                }

                $triggered = false;
                foreach ( $keys as $key => $limit ) {
                        list( $max, $period ) = $limit;
                        $summary = "(limit $max in {$period}s)";
                        $count = $wgMemc->get( $key );
                        // Already pinged?
                        if ( $count ) {
                                if ( $count >= $max ) {
                                        wfDebugLog( 'ratelimit', "User '{$this->getName()}' " .
                                                "(IP {$this->getRequest()->getIP()}) tripped $key at $count $summary" );
                                        $triggered = true;
                                } else {
                                        wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": ok. $key at $count $summary\n" );
                                }
                        } else {
                                wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": adding record for $key $summary\n" );
                                if ( $incrBy > 0 ) {
                                        $wgMemc->add( $key, 0, intval( $period ) ); // first ping
                                }
                        }
                        if ( $incrBy > 0 ) {
                                $wgMemc->incr( $key, $incrBy );
                        }
                }

                wfProfileOut( __METHOD__ );
                return $triggered;
        }

        /**
         * Check if user is blocked
         *
         * @param bool $bFromSlave Whether to check the slave database instead of
         *   the master. Hacked from false due to horrible probs on site.
         * @return bool True if blocked, false otherwise
         */
        public function isBlocked( $bFromSlave = true ) {
                return $this->getBlock( $bFromSlave ) instanceof Block && $this->getBlock()->prevents( 'edit' );
        }

        /**
         * Get the block affecting the user, or null if the user is not blocked
         *
         * @param bool $bFromSlave Whether to check the slave database instead of the master
         * @return Block|null
         */
        public function getBlock( $bFromSlave = true ) {
                $this->getBlockedStatus( $bFromSlave );
                return $this->mBlock instanceof Block ? $this->mBlock : null;
        }

        /**
         * Check if user is blocked from editing a particular article
         *
         * @param Title $title Title to check
         * @param bool $bFromSlave Whether to check the slave database instead of the master
         * @return bool
         */
        public function isBlockedFrom( $title, $bFromSlave = false ) {
                global $wgBlockAllowsUTEdit;
                wfProfileIn( __METHOD__ );

                $blocked = $this->isBlocked( $bFromSlave );
                $allowUsertalk = ( $wgBlockAllowsUTEdit ? $this->mAllowUsertalk : false );
                // If a user's name is suppressed, they cannot make edits anywhere
                if ( !$this->mHideName && $allowUsertalk && $title->getText() === $this->getName()
                        && $title->getNamespace() == NS_USER_TALK ) {
                        $blocked = false;
                        wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": self-talk page, ignoring any blocks\n" );
                }

                wfRunHooks( 'UserIsBlockedFrom', array( $this, $title, &$blocked, &$allowUsertalk ) );

                wfProfileOut( __METHOD__ );
                return $blocked;
        }

        /**
         * If user is blocked, return the name of the user who placed the block
         * @return string Name of blocker
         */
        public function blockedBy() {
                $this->getBlockedStatus();
                return $this->mBlockedby;
        }

        /**
         * If user is blocked, return the specified reason for the block
         * @return string Blocking reason
         */
        public function blockedFor() {
                $this->getBlockedStatus();
                return $this->mBlockreason;
        }

        /**
         * If user is blocked, return the ID for the block
         * @return int Block ID
         */
        public function getBlockId() {
                $this->getBlockedStatus();
                return ( $this->mBlock ? $this->mBlock->getId() : false );
        }

        /**
         * Check if user is blocked on all wikis.
         * Do not use for actual edit permission checks!
         * This is intended for quick UI checks.
         *
         * @param string $ip IP address, uses current client if none given
         * @return bool True if blocked, false otherwise
         */
        public function isBlockedGlobally( $ip = '' ) {
                if ( $this->mBlockedGlobally !== null ) {
                        return $this->mBlockedGlobally;
                }
                // User is already an IP?
                if ( IP::isIPAddress( $this->getName() ) ) {
                        $ip = $this->getName();
                } elseif ( !$ip ) {
                        $ip = $this->getRequest()->getIP();
                }
                $blocked = false;
                wfRunHooks( 'UserIsBlockedGlobally', array( &$this, $ip, &$blocked ) );
                $this->mBlockedGlobally = (bool)$blocked;
                return $this->mBlockedGlobally;
        }

        /**
         * Check if user account is locked
         *
         * @return bool True if locked, false otherwise
         */
        public function isLocked() {
                if ( $this->mLocked !== null ) {
                        return $this->mLocked;
                }
                global $wgAuth;
                StubObject::unstub( $wgAuth );
                $authUser = $wgAuth->getUserInstance( $this );
                $this->mLocked = (bool)$authUser->isLocked();
                return $this->mLocked;
        }

        /**
         * Check if user account is hidden
         *
         * @return bool True if hidden, false otherwise
         */
        public function isHidden() {
                if ( $this->mHideName !== null ) {
                        return $this->mHideName;
                }
                $this->getBlockedStatus();
                if ( !$this->mHideName ) {
                        global $wgAuth;
                        StubObject::unstub( $wgAuth );
                        $authUser = $wgAuth->getUserInstance( $this );
                        $this->mHideName = (bool)$authUser->isHidden();
                }
                return $this->mHideName;
        }

        /**
         * Get the user's ID.
         * @return int The user's ID; 0 if the user is anonymous or nonexistent
         */
        public function getId() {
                if ( $this->mId === null && $this->mName !== null && User::isIP( $this->mName ) ) {
                        // Special case, we know the user is anonymous
                        return 0;
                } elseif ( !$this->isItemLoaded( 'id' ) ) {
                        // Don't load if this was initialized from an ID
                        $this->load();
                }
                return $this->mId;
        }

        /**
         * Set the user and reload all fields according to a given ID
         * @param int $v User ID to reload
         */
        public function setId( $v ) {
                $this->mId = $v;
                $this->clearInstanceCache( 'id' );
        }

        /**
         * Get the user name, or the IP of an anonymous user
         * @return string User's name or IP address
         */
        public function getName() {
                if ( $this->isItemLoaded( 'name', 'only' ) ) {
                        // Special case optimisation
                        return $this->mName;
                } else {
                        $this->load();
                        if ( $this->mName === false ) {
                                // Clean up IPs
                                $this->mName = IP::sanitizeIP( $this->getRequest()->getIP() );
                        }
                        return $this->mName;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Set the user name.
         *
         * This does not reload fields from the database according to the given
         * name. Rather, it is used to create a temporary "nonexistent user" for
         * later addition to the database. It can also be used to set the IP
         * address for an anonymous user to something other than the current
         * remote IP.
         *
         * @note User::newFromName() has roughly the same function, when the named user
         * does not exist.
         * @param string $str New user name to set
         */
        public function setName( $str ) {
                $this->load();
                $this->mName = $str;
        }

        /**
         * Get the user's name escaped by underscores.
         * @return string Username escaped by underscores.
         */
        public function getTitleKey() {
                return str_replace( ' ', '_', $this->getName() );
        }

        /**
         * Check if the user has new messages.
         * @return bool True if the user has new messages
         */
        public function getNewtalk() {
                $this->load();

                // Load the newtalk status if it is unloaded (mNewtalk=-1)
                if ( $this->mNewtalk === -1 ) {
                        $this->mNewtalk = false; # reset talk page status

                        // Check memcached separately for anons, who have no
                        // entire User object stored in there.
                        if ( !$this->mId ) {
                                global $wgDisableAnonTalk;
                                if ( $wgDisableAnonTalk ) {
                                        // Anon newtalk disabled by configuration.
                                        $this->mNewtalk = false;
                                } else {
                                        global $wgMemc;
                                        $key = wfMemcKey( 'newtalk', 'ip', $this->getName() );
                                        $newtalk = $wgMemc->get( $key );
                                        if ( strval( $newtalk ) !== '' ) {
                                                $this->mNewtalk = (bool)$newtalk;
                                        } else {
                                                // Since we are caching this, make sure it is up to date by getting it
                                                // from the master
                                                $this->mNewtalk = $this->checkNewtalk( 'user_ip', $this->getName(), true );
                                                $wgMemc->set( $key, (int)$this->mNewtalk, 1800 );
                                        }
                                }
                        } else {
                                $this->mNewtalk = $this->checkNewtalk( 'user_id', $this->mId );
                        }
                }

                return (bool)$this->mNewtalk;
        }

        /**
         * Return the data needed to construct links for new talk page message
         * alerts. If there are new messages, this will return an associative array
         * with the following data:
         *     wiki: The database name of the wiki
         *     link: Root-relative link to the user's talk page
         *     rev: The last talk page revision that the user has seen or null. This
         *         is useful for building diff links.
         * If there are no new messages, it returns an empty array.
         * @note This function was designed to accomodate multiple talk pages, but
         * currently only returns a single link and revision.
         * @return array
         */
        public function getNewMessageLinks() {
                $talks = array();
                if ( !wfRunHooks( 'UserRetrieveNewTalks', array( &$this, &$talks ) ) ) {
                        return $talks;
                } elseif ( !$this->getNewtalk() ) {
                        return array();
                }
                $utp = $this->getTalkPage();
                $dbr = wfGetDB( DB_SLAVE );
                // Get the "last viewed rev" timestamp from the oldest message notification
                $timestamp = $dbr->selectField( 'user_newtalk',
                        'MIN(user_last_timestamp)',
                        $this->isAnon() ? array( 'user_ip' => $this->getName() ) : array( 'user_id' => $this->getID() ),
                        __METHOD__ );
                $rev = $timestamp ? Revision::loadFromTimestamp( $dbr, $utp, $timestamp ) : null;
                return array( array( 'wiki' => wfWikiID(), 'link' => $utp->getLocalURL(), 'rev' => $rev ) );
        }

        /**
         * Get the revision ID for the last talk page revision viewed by the talk
         * page owner.
         * @return int|null Revision ID or null
         */
        public function getNewMessageRevisionId() {
                $newMessageRevisionId = null;
                $newMessageLinks = $this->getNewMessageLinks();
                if ( $newMessageLinks ) {
                        // Note: getNewMessageLinks() never returns more than a single link
                        // and it is always for the same wiki, but we double-check here in
                        // case that changes some time in the future.
                        if ( count( $newMessageLinks ) === 1
                                && $newMessageLinks[0]['wiki'] === wfWikiID()
                                && $newMessageLinks[0]['rev']
                        ) {
                                $newMessageRevision = $newMessageLinks[0]['rev'];
                                $newMessageRevisionId = $newMessageRevision->getId();
                        }
                }
                return $newMessageRevisionId;
        }

        /**
         * Internal uncached check for new messages
         *
         * @see getNewtalk()
         * @param string $field 'user_ip' for anonymous users, 'user_id' otherwise
         * @param string|int $id User's IP address for anonymous users, User ID otherwise
         * @param bool $fromMaster true to fetch from the master, false for a slave
         * @return bool True if the user has new messages
         */
        protected function checkNewtalk( $field, $id, $fromMaster = false ) {
                if ( $fromMaster ) {
                        $db = wfGetDB( DB_MASTER );
                } else {
                        $db = wfGetDB( DB_SLAVE );
                }
                $ok = $db->selectField( 'user_newtalk', $field,
                        array( $field => $id ), __METHOD__ );
                return $ok !== false;
        }

        /**
         * Add or update the new messages flag
         * @param string $field 'user_ip' for anonymous users, 'user_id' otherwise
         * @param string|int $id User's IP address for anonymous users, User ID otherwise
         * @param Revision|null $curRev New, as yet unseen revision of the user talk page. Ignored if null.
         * @return bool True if successful, false otherwise
         */
        protected function updateNewtalk( $field, $id, $curRev = null ) {
                // Get timestamp of the talk page revision prior to the current one
                $prevRev = $curRev ? $curRev->getPrevious() : false;
                $ts = $prevRev ? $prevRev->getTimestamp() : null;
                // Mark the user as having new messages since this revision
                $dbw = wfGetDB( DB_MASTER );
                $dbw->insert( 'user_newtalk',
                        array( $field => $id, 'user_last_timestamp' => $dbw->timestampOrNull( $ts ) ),
                        __METHOD__,
                        'IGNORE' );
                if ( $dbw->affectedRows() ) {
                        wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": set on ($field, $id)\n" );
                        return true;
                } else {
                        wfDebug( __METHOD__ . " already set ($field, $id)\n" );
                        return false;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Clear the new messages flag for the given user
         * @param string $field 'user_ip' for anonymous users, 'user_id' otherwise
         * @param string|int $id User's IP address for anonymous users, User ID otherwise
         * @return bool True if successful, false otherwise
         */
        protected function deleteNewtalk( $field, $id ) {
                $dbw = wfGetDB( DB_MASTER );
                $dbw->delete( 'user_newtalk',
                        array( $field => $id ),
                        __METHOD__ );
                if ( $dbw->affectedRows() ) {
                        wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": killed on ($field, $id)\n" );
                        return true;
                } else {
                        wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": already gone ($field, $id)\n" );
                        return false;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Update the 'You have new messages!' status.
         * @param bool $val Whether the user has new messages
         * @param Revision $curRev New, as yet unseen revision of the user talk
         *   page. Ignored if null or !$val.
         */
        public function setNewtalk( $val, $curRev = null ) {
                if ( wfReadOnly() ) {
                        return;
                }

                $this->load();
                $this->mNewtalk = $val;

                if ( $this->isAnon() ) {
                        $field = 'user_ip';
                        $id = $this->getName();
                } else {
                        $field = 'user_id';
                        $id = $this->getId();
                }
                global $wgMemc;

                if ( $val ) {
                        $changed = $this->updateNewtalk( $field, $id, $curRev );
                } else {
                        $changed = $this->deleteNewtalk( $field, $id );
                }

                if ( $this->isAnon() ) {
                        // Anons have a separate memcached space, since
                        // user records aren't kept for them.
                        $key = wfMemcKey( 'newtalk', 'ip', $id );
                        $wgMemc->set( $key, $val ? 1 : 0, 1800 );
                }
                if ( $changed ) {
                        $this->invalidateCache();
                }
        }

        /**
         * Generate a current or new-future timestamp to be stored in the
         * user_touched field when we update things.
         * @return string Timestamp in TS_MW format
         */
        private static function newTouchedTimestamp() {
                global $wgClockSkewFudge;
                return wfTimestamp( TS_MW, time() + $wgClockSkewFudge );
        }

        /**
         * Clear user data from memcached.
         * Use after applying fun updates to the database; caller's
         * responsibility to update user_touched if appropriate.
         *
         * Called implicitly from invalidateCache() and saveSettings().
         */
        private function clearSharedCache() {
                $this->load();
                if ( $this->mId ) {
                        global $wgMemc;
                        $wgMemc->delete( wfMemcKey( 'user', 'id', $this->mId ) );
                }
        }

        /**
         * Immediately touch the user data cache for this account.
         * Updates user_touched field, and removes account data from memcached
         * for reload on the next hit.
         */
        public function invalidateCache() {
                if ( wfReadOnly() ) {
                        return;
                }
                $this->load();
                if ( $this->mId ) {
                        $this->mTouched = self::newTouchedTimestamp();

                        $dbw = wfGetDB( DB_MASTER );
                        $userid = $this->mId;
                        $touched = $this->mTouched;
                        $method = __METHOD__;
                        $dbw->onTransactionIdle( function() use ( $dbw, $userid, $touched, $method ) {
                                // Prevent contention slams by checking user_touched first
                                $encTouched = $dbw->addQuotes( $dbw->timestamp( $touched ) );
                                $needsPurge = $dbw->selectField( 'user', '1',
                                        array( 'user_id' => $userid, 'user_touched < ' . $encTouched ) );
                                if ( $needsPurge ) {
                                        $dbw->update( 'user',
                                                array( 'user_touched' => $dbw->timestamp( $touched ) ),
                                                array( 'user_id' => $userid, 'user_touched < ' . $encTouched ),
                                                $method
                                        );
                                }
                        } );
                        $this->clearSharedCache();
                }
        }

        /**
         * Validate the cache for this account.
         * @param string $timestamp A timestamp in TS_MW format
         * @return bool
         */
        public function validateCache( $timestamp ) {
                $this->load();
                return ( $timestamp >= $this->mTouched );
        }

        /**
         * Get the user touched timestamp
         * @return string Timestamp
         */
        public function getTouched() {
                $this->load();
                return $this->mTouched;
        }

        /**
         * Set the password and reset the random token.
         * Calls through to authentication plugin if necessary;
         * will have no effect if the auth plugin refuses to
         * pass the change through or if the legal password
         * checks fail.
         *
         * As a special case, setting the password to null
         * wipes it, so the account cannot be logged in until
         * a new password is set, for instance via e-mail.
         *
         * @param string $str New password to set
         * @throws PasswordError on failure
         *
         * @return bool
         */
        public function setPassword( $str ) {
                global $wgAuth;

                if ( $str !== null ) {
                        if ( !$wgAuth->allowPasswordChange() ) {
                                throw new PasswordError( wfMessage( 'password-change-forbidden' )->text() );
                        }

                        if ( !$this->isValidPassword( $str ) ) {
                                global $wgMinimalPasswordLength;
                                $valid = $this->getPasswordValidity( $str );
                                if ( is_array( $valid ) ) {
                                        $message = array_shift( $valid );
                                        $params = $valid;
                                } else {
                                        $message = $valid;
                                        $params = array( $wgMinimalPasswordLength );
                                }
                                throw new PasswordError( wfMessage( $message, $params )->text() );
                        }
                }

                if ( !$wgAuth->setPassword( $this, $str ) ) {
                        throw new PasswordError( wfMessage( 'externaldberror' )->text() );
                }

                $this->setInternalPassword( $str );

                return true;
        }

        /**
         * Set the password and reset the random token unconditionally.
         *
         * @param string|null $str New password to set or null to set an invalid
         *  password hash meaning that the user will not be able to log in
         *  through the web interface.
         */
        public function setInternalPassword( $str ) {
                $this->load();
                $this->setToken();

                if ( $str === null ) {
                        // Save an invalid hash...
                        $this->mPassword = '';
                } else {
                        $this->mPassword = self::crypt( $str );
                }
                $this->mNewpassword = '';
                $this->mNewpassTime = null;
        }

        /**
         * Get the user's current token.
         * @param bool $forceCreation Force the generation of a new token if the
         *   user doesn't have one (default=true for backwards compatibility).
         * @return string Token
         */
        public function getToken( $forceCreation = true ) {
                $this->load();
                if ( !$this->mToken && $forceCreation ) {
                        $this->setToken();
                }
                return $this->mToken;
        }

        /**
         * Set the random token (used for persistent authentication)
         * Called from loadDefaults() among other places.
         *
         * @param string|bool $token If specified, set the token to this value
         */
        public function setToken( $token = false ) {
                $this->load();
                if ( !$token ) {
                        $this->mToken = MWCryptRand::generateHex( USER_TOKEN_LENGTH );
                } else {
                        $this->mToken = $token;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Set the password for a password reminder or new account email
         *
         * @param string $str New password to set or null to set an invalid
         *  password hash meaning that the user will not be able to use it
         * @param bool $throttle If true, reset the throttle timestamp to the present
         */
        public function setNewpassword( $str, $throttle = true ) {
                $this->load();

                if ( $str === null ) {
                        $this->mNewpassword = '';
                        $this->mNewpassTime = null;
                } else {
                        $this->mNewpassword = self::crypt( $str );
                        if ( $throttle ) {
                                $this->mNewpassTime = wfTimestampNow();
                        }
                }
        }

        /**
         * Has password reminder email been sent within the last
         * $wgPasswordReminderResendTime hours?
         * @return bool
         */
        public function isPasswordReminderThrottled() {
                global $wgPasswordReminderResendTime;
                $this->load();
                if ( !$this->mNewpassTime || !$wgPasswordReminderResendTime ) {
                        return false;
                }
                $expiry = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $this->mNewpassTime ) + $wgPasswordReminderResendTime * 3600;
                return time() < $expiry;
        }

        /**
         * Get the user's e-mail address
         * @return string User's email address
         */
        public function getEmail() {
                $this->load();
                wfRunHooks( 'UserGetEmail', array( $this, &$this->mEmail ) );
                return $this->mEmail;
        }

        /**
         * Get the timestamp of the user's e-mail authentication
         * @return string TS_MW timestamp
         */
        public function getEmailAuthenticationTimestamp() {
                $this->load();
                wfRunHooks( 'UserGetEmailAuthenticationTimestamp', array( $this, &$this->mEmailAuthenticated ) );
                return $this->mEmailAuthenticated;
        }

        /**
         * Set the user's e-mail address
         * @param string $str New e-mail address
         */
        public function setEmail( $str ) {
                $this->load();
                if ( $str == $this->mEmail ) {
                        return;
                }
                $this->mEmail = $str;
                $this->invalidateEmail();
                wfRunHooks( 'UserSetEmail', array( $this, &$this->mEmail ) );
        }

        /**
         * Set the user's e-mail address and a confirmation mail if needed.
         *
         * @since 1.20
         * @param string $str New e-mail address
         * @return Status
         */
        public function setEmailWithConfirmation( $str ) {
                global $wgEnableEmail, $wgEmailAuthentication;

                if ( !$wgEnableEmail ) {
                        return Status::newFatal( 'emaildisabled' );
                }

                $oldaddr = $this->getEmail();
                if ( $str === $oldaddr ) {
                        return Status::newGood( true );
                }

                $this->setEmail( $str );

                if ( $str !== '' && $wgEmailAuthentication ) {
                        // Send a confirmation request to the new address if needed
                        $type = $oldaddr != '' ? 'changed' : 'set';
                        $result = $this->sendConfirmationMail( $type );
                        if ( $result->isGood() ) {
                                // Say the the caller that a confirmation mail has been sent
                                $result->value = 'eauth';
                        }
                } else {
                        $result = Status::newGood( true );
                }

                return $result;
        }

        /**
         * Get the user's real name
         * @return string User's real name
         */
        public function getRealName() {
                if ( !$this->isItemLoaded( 'realname' ) ) {
                        $this->load();
                }

                return $this->mRealName;
        }

        /**
         * Set the user's real name
         * @param string $str New real name
         */
        public function setRealName( $str ) {
                $this->load();
                $this->mRealName = $str;
        }

        /**
         * Get the user's current setting for a given option.
         *
         * @param string $oname The option to check
         * @param string $defaultOverride A default value returned if the option does not exist
         * @param bool $ignoreHidden Whether to ignore the effects of $wgHiddenPrefs
         * @return string User's current value for the option
         * @see getBoolOption()
         * @see getIntOption()
         */
        public function getOption( $oname, $defaultOverride = null, $ignoreHidden = false ) {
                global $wgHiddenPrefs;
                $this->loadOptions();

                # We want 'disabled' preferences to always behave as the default value for
                # users, even if they have set the option explicitly in their settings (ie they
                # set it, and then it was disabled removing their ability to change it).  But
                # we don't want to erase the preferences in the database in case the preference
                # is re-enabled again.  So don't touch $mOptions, just override the returned value
                if ( !$ignoreHidden && in_array( $oname, $wgHiddenPrefs ) ) {
                        return self::getDefaultOption( $oname );
                }

                if ( array_key_exists( $oname, $this->mOptions ) ) {
                        return $this->mOptions[$oname];
                } else {
                        return $defaultOverride;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Get all user's options
         *
         * @return array
         */
        public function getOptions() {
                global $wgHiddenPrefs;
                $this->loadOptions();
                $options = $this->mOptions;

                # We want 'disabled' preferences to always behave as the default value for
                # users, even if they have set the option explicitly in their settings (ie they
                # set it, and then it was disabled removing their ability to change it).  But
                # we don't want to erase the preferences in the database in case the preference
                # is re-enabled again.  So don't touch $mOptions, just override the returned value
                foreach ( $wgHiddenPrefs as $pref ) {
                        $default = self::getDefaultOption( $pref );
                        if ( $default !== null ) {
                                $options[$pref] = $default;
                        }
                }

                return $options;
        }

        /**
         * Get the user's current setting for a given option, as a boolean value.
         *
         * @param string $oname The option to check
         * @return bool User's current value for the option
         * @see getOption()
         */
        public function getBoolOption( $oname ) {
                return (bool)$this->getOption( $oname );
        }

        /**
         * Get the user's current setting for a given option, as an integer value.
         *
         * @param string $oname The option to check
         * @param int $defaultOverride A default value returned if the option does not exist
         * @return int User's current value for the option
         * @see getOption()
         */
        public function getIntOption( $oname, $defaultOverride = 0 ) {
                $val = $this->getOption( $oname );
                if ( $val == '' ) {
                        $val = $defaultOverride;
                }
                return intval( $val );
        }

        /**
         * Set the given option for a user.
         *
         * @param string $oname The option to set
         * @param mixed $val New value to set
         */
        public function setOption( $oname, $val ) {
                $this->loadOptions();

                // Explicitly NULL values should refer to defaults
                if ( is_null( $val ) ) {
                        $val = self::getDefaultOption( $oname );
                }

                $this->mOptions[$oname] = $val;
        }

        /**
         * Get a token stored in the preferences (like the watchlist one),
         * resetting it if it's empty (and saving changes).
         *
         * @param string $oname The option name to retrieve the token from
         * @return string|bool User's current value for the option, or false if this option is disabled.
         * @see resetTokenFromOption()
         * @see getOption()
         */
        public function getTokenFromOption( $oname ) {
                global $wgHiddenPrefs;
                if ( in_array( $oname, $wgHiddenPrefs ) ) {
                        return false;
                }

                $token = $this->getOption( $oname );
                if ( !$token ) {
                        $token = $this->resetTokenFromOption( $oname );
                        $this->saveSettings();
                }
                return $token;
        }

        /**
         * Reset a token stored in the preferences (like the watchlist one).
         * *Does not* save user's preferences (similarly to setOption()).
         *
         * @param string $oname The option name to reset the token in
         * @return string|bool New token value, or false if this option is disabled.
         * @see getTokenFromOption()
         * @see setOption()
         */
        public function resetTokenFromOption( $oname ) {
                global $wgHiddenPrefs;
                if ( in_array( $oname, $wgHiddenPrefs ) ) {
                        return false;
                }

                $token = MWCryptRand::generateHex( 40 );
                $this->setOption( $oname, $token );
                return $token;
        }

        /**
         * Return a list of the types of user options currently returned by
         * User::getOptionKinds().
         *
         * Currently, the option kinds are:
         * - 'registered' - preferences which are registered in core MediaWiki or
         *                  by extensions using the UserGetDefaultOptions hook.
         * - 'registered-multiselect' - as above, using the 'multiselect' type.
         * - 'registered-checkmatrix' - as above, using the 'checkmatrix' type.
         * - 'userjs' - preferences with names starting with 'userjs-', intended to
         *              be used by user scripts.
         * - 'special' - "preferences" that are not accessible via User::getOptions
         *               or User::setOptions.
         * - 'unused' - preferences about which MediaWiki doesn't know anything.
         *              These are usually legacy options, removed in newer versions.
         *
         * The API (and possibly others) use this function to determine the possible
         * option types for validation purposes, so make sure to update this when a
         * new option kind is added.
         *
         * @see User::getOptionKinds
         * @return array Option kinds
         */
        public static function listOptionKinds() {
                return array(
                        'registered',
                        'registered-multiselect',
                        'registered-checkmatrix',
                        'userjs',
                        'special',
                        'unused'
                );
        }

        /**
         * Return an associative array mapping preferences keys to the kind of a preference they're
         * used for. Different kinds are handled differently when setting or reading preferences.
         *
         * See User::listOptionKinds for the list of valid option types that can be provided.
         *
         * @see User::listOptionKinds
         * @param IContextSource $context
         * @param array $options Assoc. array with options keys to check as keys.
         *   Defaults to $this->mOptions.
         * @return array the key => kind mapping data
         */
        public function getOptionKinds( IContextSource $context, $options = null ) {
                $this->loadOptions();
                if ( $options === null ) {
                        $options = $this->mOptions;
                }

                $prefs = Preferences::getPreferences( $this, $context );
                $mapping = array();

                // Pull out the "special" options, so they don't get converted as
                // multiselect or checkmatrix.
                $specialOptions = array_fill_keys( Preferences::getSaveBlacklist(), true );
                foreach ( $specialOptions as $name => $value ) {
                        unset( $prefs[$name] );
                }

                // Multiselect and checkmatrix options are stored in the database with
                // one key per option, each having a boolean value. Extract those keys.
                $multiselectOptions = array();
                foreach ( $prefs as $name => $info ) {
                        if ( ( isset( $info['type'] ) && $info['type'] == 'multiselect' ) ||
                                        ( isset( $info['class'] ) && $info['class'] == 'HTMLMultiSelectField' ) ) {
                                $opts = HTMLFormField::flattenOptions( $info['options'] );
                                $prefix = isset( $info['prefix'] ) ? $info['prefix'] : $name;

                                foreach ( $opts as $value ) {
                                        $multiselectOptions["$prefix$value"] = true;
                                }

                                unset( $prefs[$name] );
                        }
                }
                $checkmatrixOptions = array();
                foreach ( $prefs as $name => $info ) {
                        if ( ( isset( $info['type'] ) && $info['type'] == 'checkmatrix' ) ||
                                        ( isset( $info['class'] ) && $info['class'] == 'HTMLCheckMatrix' ) ) {
                                $columns = HTMLFormField::flattenOptions( $info['columns'] );
                                $rows = HTMLFormField::flattenOptions( $info['rows'] );
                                $prefix = isset( $info['prefix'] ) ? $info['prefix'] : $name;

                                foreach ( $columns as $column ) {
                                        foreach ( $rows as $row ) {
                                                $checkmatrixOptions["$prefix-$column-$row"] = true;
                                        }
                                }

                                unset( $prefs[$name] );
                        }
                }

                // $value is ignored
                foreach ( $options as $key => $value ) {
                        if ( isset( $prefs[$key] ) ) {
                                $mapping[$key] = 'registered';
                        } elseif ( isset( $multiselectOptions[$key] ) ) {
                                $mapping[$key] = 'registered-multiselect';
                        } elseif ( isset( $checkmatrixOptions[$key] ) ) {
                                $mapping[$key] = 'registered-checkmatrix';
                        } elseif ( isset( $specialOptions[$key] ) ) {
                                $mapping[$key] = 'special';
                        } elseif ( substr( $key, 0, 7 ) === 'userjs-' ) {
                                $mapping[$key] = 'userjs';
                        } else {
                                $mapping[$key] = 'unused';
                        }
                }

                return $mapping;
        }

        /**
         * Reset certain (or all) options to the site defaults
         *
         * The optional parameter determines which kinds of preferences will be reset.
         * Supported values are everything that can be reported by getOptionKinds()
         * and 'all', which forces a reset of *all* preferences and overrides everything else.
         *
         * @param array|string $resetKinds Which kinds of preferences to reset. Defaults to
         *  array( 'registered', 'registered-multiselect', 'registered-checkmatrix', 'unused' )
         *  for backwards-compatibility.
         * @param IContextSource|null $context Context source used when $resetKinds
         *  does not contain 'all', passed to getOptionKinds().
         *  Defaults to RequestContext::getMain() when null.
         */
        public function resetOptions(
                $resetKinds = array( 'registered', 'registered-multiselect', 'registered-checkmatrix', 'unused' ),
                IContextSource $context = null
        ) {
                $this->load();
                $defaultOptions = self::getDefaultOptions();

                if ( !is_array( $resetKinds ) ) {
                        $resetKinds = array( $resetKinds );
                }

                if ( in_array( 'all', $resetKinds ) ) {
                        $newOptions = $defaultOptions;
                } else {
                        if ( $context === null ) {
                                $context = RequestContext::getMain();
                        }

                        $optionKinds = $this->getOptionKinds( $context );
                        $resetKinds = array_intersect( $resetKinds, self::listOptionKinds() );
                        $newOptions = array();

                        // Use default values for the options that should be deleted, and
                        // copy old values for the ones that shouldn't.
                        foreach ( $this->mOptions as $key => $value ) {
                                if ( in_array( $optionKinds[$key], $resetKinds ) ) {
                                        if ( array_key_exists( $key, $defaultOptions ) ) {
                                                $newOptions[$key] = $defaultOptions[$key];
                                        }
                                } else {
                                        $newOptions[$key] = $value;
                                }
                        }
                }

                $this->mOptions = $newOptions;
                $this->mOptionsLoaded = true;
        }

        /**
         * Get the user's preferred date format.
         * @return string User's preferred date format
         */
        public function getDatePreference() {
                // Important migration for old data rows
                if ( is_null( $this->mDatePreference ) ) {
                        global $wgLang;
                        $value = $this->getOption( 'date' );
                        $map = $wgLang->getDatePreferenceMigrationMap();
                        if ( isset( $map[$value] ) ) {
                                $value = $map[$value];
                        }
                        $this->mDatePreference = $value;
                }
                return $this->mDatePreference;
        }

        /**
         * Determine based on the wiki configuration and the user's options,
         * whether this user must be over HTTPS no matter what.
         *
         * @return bool
         */
        public function requiresHTTPS() {
                global $wgSecureLogin;
                if ( !$wgSecureLogin ) {
                        return false;
                } else {
                        $https = $this->getBoolOption( 'prefershttps' );
                        wfRunHooks( 'UserRequiresHTTPS', array( $this, &$https ) );
                        if ( $https ) {
                                $https = wfCanIPUseHTTPS( $this->getRequest()->getIP() );
                        }
                        return $https;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Get the user preferred stub threshold
         *
         * @return int
         */
        public function getStubThreshold() {
                global $wgMaxArticleSize; # Maximum article size, in Kb
                $threshold = $this->getIntOption( 'stubthreshold' );
                if ( $threshold > $wgMaxArticleSize * 1024 ) {
                        // If they have set an impossible value, disable the preference
                        // so we can use the parser cache again.
                        $threshold = 0;
                }
                return $threshold;
        }

        /**
         * Get the permissions this user has.
         * @return array Array of String permission names
         */
        public function getRights() {
                if ( is_null( $this->mRights ) ) {
                        $this->mRights = self::getGroupPermissions( $this->getEffectiveGroups() );
                        wfRunHooks( 'UserGetRights', array( $this, &$this->mRights ) );
                        // Force reindexation of rights when a hook has unset one of them
                        $this->mRights = array_values( array_unique( $this->mRights ) );
                }
                return $this->mRights;
        }

        /**
         * Get the list of explicit group memberships this user has.
         * The implicit * and user groups are not included.
         * @return array Array of String internal group names
         */
        public function getGroups() {
                $this->load();
                $this->loadGroups();
                return $this->mGroups;
        }

        /**
         * Get the list of implicit group memberships this user has.
         * This includes all explicit groups, plus 'user' if logged in,
         * '*' for all accounts, and autopromoted groups
         * @param bool $recache Whether to avoid the cache
         * @return array Array of String internal group names
         */
        public function getEffectiveGroups( $recache = false ) {
                if ( $recache || is_null( $this->mEffectiveGroups ) ) {
                        wfProfileIn( __METHOD__ );
                        $this->mEffectiveGroups = array_unique( array_merge(
                                $this->getGroups(), // explicit groups
                                $this->getAutomaticGroups( $recache ) // implicit groups
                        ) );
                        // Hook for additional groups
                        wfRunHooks( 'UserEffectiveGroups', array( &$this, &$this->mEffectiveGroups ) );
                        // Force reindexation of groups when a hook has unset one of them
                        $this->mEffectiveGroups = array_values( array_unique( $this->mEffectiveGroups ) );
                        wfProfileOut( __METHOD__ );
                }
                return $this->mEffectiveGroups;
        }

        /**
         * Get the list of implicit group memberships this user has.
         * This includes 'user' if logged in, '*' for all accounts,
         * and autopromoted groups
         * @param bool $recache Whether to avoid the cache
         * @return array Array of String internal group names
         */
        public function getAutomaticGroups( $recache = false ) {
                if ( $recache || is_null( $this->mImplicitGroups ) ) {
                        wfProfileIn( __METHOD__ );
                        $this->mImplicitGroups = array( '*' );
                        if ( $this->getId() ) {
                                $this->mImplicitGroups[] = 'user';

                                $this->mImplicitGroups = array_unique( array_merge(
                                        $this->mImplicitGroups,
                                        Autopromote::getAutopromoteGroups( $this )
                                ) );
                        }
                        if ( $recache ) {
                                // Assure data consistency with rights/groups,
                                // as getEffectiveGroups() depends on this function
                                $this->mEffectiveGroups = null;
                        }
                        wfProfileOut( __METHOD__ );
                }
                return $this->mImplicitGroups;
        }

        /**
         * Returns the groups the user has belonged to.
         *
         * The user may still belong to the returned groups. Compare with getGroups().
         *
         * The function will not return groups the user had belonged to before MW 1.17
         *
         * @return array Names of the groups the user has belonged to.
         */
        public function getFormerGroups() {
                if ( is_null( $this->mFormerGroups ) ) {
                        $dbr = wfGetDB( DB_MASTER );
                        $res = $dbr->select( 'user_former_groups',
                                array( 'ufg_group' ),
                                array( 'ufg_user' => $this->mId ),
                                __METHOD__ );
                        $this->mFormerGroups = array();
                        foreach ( $res as $row ) {
                                $this->mFormerGroups[] = $row->ufg_group;
                        }
                }
                return $this->mFormerGroups;
        }

        /**
         * Get the user's edit count.
         * @return int|null null for anonymous users
         */
        public function getEditCount() {
                if ( !$this->getId() ) {
                        return null;
                }

                if ( !isset( $this->mEditCount ) ) {
                        /* Populate the count, if it has not been populated yet */
                        wfProfileIn( __METHOD__ );
                        $dbr = wfGetDB( DB_SLAVE );
                        // check if the user_editcount field has been initialized
                        $count = $dbr->selectField(
                                'user', 'user_editcount',
                                array( 'user_id' => $this->mId ),
                                __METHOD__
                        );

                        if ( $count === null ) {
                                // it has not been initialized. do so.
                                $count = $this->initEditCount();
                        }
                        $this->mEditCount = $count;
                        wfProfileOut( __METHOD__ );
                }
                return (int)$this->mEditCount;
        }

        /**
         * Add the user to the given group.
         * This takes immediate effect.
         * @param string $group Name of the group to add
         */
        public function addGroup( $group ) {
                if ( wfRunHooks( 'UserAddGroup', array( $this, &$group ) ) ) {
                        $dbw = wfGetDB( DB_MASTER );
                        if ( $this->getId() ) {
                                $dbw->insert( 'user_groups',
                                        array(
                                                'ug_user' => $this->getID(),
                                                'ug_group' => $group,
                                        ),
                                        __METHOD__,
                                        array( 'IGNORE' ) );
                        }
                }
                $this->loadGroups();
                $this->mGroups[] = $group;
                // In case loadGroups was not called before, we now have the right twice.
                // Get rid of the duplicate.
                $this->mGroups = array_unique( $this->mGroups );

                // Refresh the groups caches, and clear the rights cache so it will be
                // refreshed on the next call to $this->getRights().
                $this->getEffectiveGroups( true );
                $this->mRights = null;

                $this->invalidateCache();
        }

        /**
         * Remove the user from the given group.
         * This takes immediate effect.
         * @param string $group Name of the group to remove
         */
        public function removeGroup( $group ) {
                $this->load();
                if ( wfRunHooks( 'UserRemoveGroup', array( $this, &$group ) ) ) {
                        $dbw = wfGetDB( DB_MASTER );
                        $dbw->delete( 'user_groups',
                                array(
                                        'ug_user' => $this->getID(),
                                        'ug_group' => $group,
                                ), __METHOD__ );
                        // Remember that the user was in this group
                        $dbw->insert( 'user_former_groups',
                                array(
                                        'ufg_user' => $this->getID(),
                                        'ufg_group' => $group,
                                ),
                                __METHOD__,
                                array( 'IGNORE' ) );
                }
                $this->loadGroups();
                $this->mGroups = array_diff( $this->mGroups, array( $group ) );

                // Refresh the groups caches, and clear the rights cache so it will be
                // refreshed on the next call to $this->getRights().
                $this->getEffectiveGroups( true );
                $this->mRights = null;

                $this->invalidateCache();
        }

        /**
         * Get whether the user is logged in
         * @return bool
         */
        public function isLoggedIn() {
                return $this->getID() != 0;
        }

        /**
         * Get whether the user is anonymous
         * @return bool
         */
        public function isAnon() {
                return !$this->isLoggedIn();
        }

        /**
         * Check if user is allowed to access a feature / make an action
         *
         * @internal param \String $varargs permissions to test
         * @return bool True if user is allowed to perform *any* of the given actions
         *
         * @return bool
         */
        public function isAllowedAny( /*...*/ ) {
                $permissions = func_get_args();
                foreach ( $permissions as $permission ) {
                        if ( $this->isAllowed( $permission ) ) {
                                return true;
                        }
                }
                return false;
        }

        /**
         *
         * @internal param $varargs string
         * @return bool True if the user is allowed to perform *all* of the given actions
         */
        public function isAllowedAll( /*...*/ ) {
                $permissions = func_get_args();
                foreach ( $permissions as $permission ) {
                        if ( !$this->isAllowed( $permission ) ) {
                                return false;
                        }
                }
                return true;
        }

        /**
         * Internal mechanics of testing a permission
         * @param string $action
         * @return bool
         */
        public function isAllowed( $action = '' ) {
                if ( $action === '' ) {
                        return true; // In the spirit of DWIM
                }
                // Patrolling may not be enabled
                if ( $action === 'patrol' || $action === 'autopatrol' ) {
                        global $wgUseRCPatrol, $wgUseNPPatrol;
                        if ( !$wgUseRCPatrol && !$wgUseNPPatrol ) {
                                return false;
                        }
                }
                // Use strict parameter to avoid matching numeric 0 accidentally inserted
                // by misconfiguration: 0 == 'foo'
                return in_array( $action, $this->getRights(), true );
        }

        /**
         * Check whether to enable recent changes patrol features for this user
         * @return bool True or false
         */
        public function useRCPatrol() {
                global $wgUseRCPatrol;
                return $wgUseRCPatrol && $this->isAllowedAny( 'patrol', 'patrolmarks' );
        }

        /**
         * Check whether to enable new pages patrol features for this user
         * @return bool True or false
         */
        public function useNPPatrol() {
                global $wgUseRCPatrol, $wgUseNPPatrol;
                return (
                        ( $wgUseRCPatrol || $wgUseNPPatrol )
                                && ( $this->isAllowedAny( 'patrol', 'patrolmarks' ) )
                );
        }

        /**
         * Get the WebRequest object to use with this object
         *
         * @return WebRequest
         */
        public function getRequest() {
                if ( $this->mRequest ) {
                        return $this->mRequest;
                } else {
                        global $wgRequest;
                        return $wgRequest;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Get the current skin, loading it if required
         * @return Skin The current skin
         * @todo FIXME: Need to check the old failback system [AV]
         * @deprecated since 1.18 Use ->getSkin() in the most relevant outputting context you have
         */
        public function getSkin() {
                wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.18' );
                return RequestContext::getMain()->getSkin();
        }

        /**
         * Get a WatchedItem for this user and $title.
         *
         * @since 1.22 $checkRights parameter added
         * @param Title $title
         * @param int $checkRights Whether to check 'viewmywatchlist'/'editmywatchlist' rights.
         *     Pass WatchedItem::CHECK_USER_RIGHTS or WatchedItem::IGNORE_USER_RIGHTS.
         * @return WatchedItem
         */
        public function getWatchedItem( $title, $checkRights = WatchedItem::CHECK_USER_RIGHTS ) {
                $key = $checkRights . ':' . $title->getNamespace() . ':' . $title->getDBkey();

                if ( isset( $this->mWatchedItems[$key] ) ) {
                        return $this->mWatchedItems[$key];
                }

                if ( count( $this->mWatchedItems ) >= self::MAX_WATCHED_ITEMS_CACHE ) {
                        $this->mWatchedItems = array();
                }

                $this->mWatchedItems[$key] = WatchedItem::fromUserTitle( $this, $title, $checkRights );
                return $this->mWatchedItems[$key];
        }

        /**
         * Check the watched status of an article.
         * @since 1.22 $checkRights parameter added
         * @param Title $title Title of the article to look at
         * @param int $checkRights Whether to check 'viewmywatchlist'/'editmywatchlist' rights.
         *     Pass WatchedItem::CHECK_USER_RIGHTS or WatchedItem::IGNORE_USER_RIGHTS.
         * @return bool
         */
        public function isWatched( $title, $checkRights = WatchedItem::CHECK_USER_RIGHTS ) {
                return $this->getWatchedItem( $title, $checkRights )->isWatched();
        }

        /**
         * Watch an article.
         * @since 1.22 $checkRights parameter added
         * @param Title $title Title of the article to look at
         * @param int $checkRights Whether to check 'viewmywatchlist'/'editmywatchlist' rights.
         *     Pass WatchedItem::CHECK_USER_RIGHTS or WatchedItem::IGNORE_USER_RIGHTS.
         */
        public function addWatch( $title, $checkRights = WatchedItem::CHECK_USER_RIGHTS ) {
                $this->getWatchedItem( $title, $checkRights )->addWatch();
                $this->invalidateCache();
        }

        /**
         * Stop watching an article.
         * @since 1.22 $checkRights parameter added
         * @param Title $title Title of the article to look at
         * @param int $checkRights Whether to check 'viewmywatchlist'/'editmywatchlist' rights.
         *     Pass WatchedItem::CHECK_USER_RIGHTS or WatchedItem::IGNORE_USER_RIGHTS.
         */
        public function removeWatch( $title, $checkRights = WatchedItem::CHECK_USER_RIGHTS ) {
                $this->getWatchedItem( $title, $checkRights )->removeWatch();
                $this->invalidateCache();
        }

        /**
         * Clear the user's notification timestamp for the given title.
         * If e-notif e-mails are on, they will receive notification mails on
         * the next change of the page if it's watched etc.
         * @note If the user doesn't have 'editmywatchlist', this will do nothing.
         * @param Title $title Title of the article to look at
         * @param int $oldid The revision id being viewed. If not given or 0, latest revision is assumed.
         */
        public function clearNotification( &$title, $oldid = 0 ) {
                global $wgUseEnotif, $wgShowUpdatedMarker;

                // Do nothing if the database is locked to writes
                if ( wfReadOnly() ) {
                        return;
                }

                // Do nothing if not allowed to edit the watchlist
                if ( !$this->isAllowed( 'editmywatchlist' ) ) {
                        return;
                }

                // If we're working on user's talk page, we should update the talk page message indicator
                if ( $title->getNamespace() == NS_USER_TALK && $title->getText() == $this->getName() ) {
                        if ( !wfRunHooks( 'UserClearNewTalkNotification', array( &$this, $oldid ) ) ) {
                                return;
                        }

                        $nextid = $oldid ? $title->getNextRevisionID( $oldid ) : null;

                        if ( !$oldid || !$nextid ) {
                                // If we're looking at the latest revision, we should definitely clear it
                                $this->setNewtalk( false );
                        } else {
                                // Otherwise we should update its revision, if it's present
                                if ( $this->getNewtalk() ) {
                                        // Naturally the other one won't clear by itself
                                        $this->setNewtalk( false );
                                        $this->setNewtalk( true, Revision::newFromId( $nextid ) );
                                }
                        }
                }

                if ( !$wgUseEnotif && !$wgShowUpdatedMarker ) {
                        return;
                }

                if ( $this->isAnon() ) {
                        // Nothing else to do...
                        return;
                }

                // Only update the timestamp if the page is being watched.
                // The query to find out if it is watched is cached both in memcached and per-invocation,
                // and when it does have to be executed, it can be on a slave
                // If this is the user's newtalk page, we always update the timestamp
                $force = '';
                if ( $title->getNamespace() == NS_USER_TALK && $title->getText() == $this->getName() ) {
                        $force = 'force';
                }

                $this->getWatchedItem( $title )->resetNotificationTimestamp( $force, $oldid );
        }

        /**
         * Resets all of the given user's page-change notification timestamps.
         * If e-notif e-mails are on, they will receive notification mails on
         * the next change of any watched page.
         * @note If the user doesn't have 'editmywatchlist', this will do nothing.
         */
        public function clearAllNotifications() {
                if ( wfReadOnly() ) {
                        return;
                }

                // Do nothing if not allowed to edit the watchlist
                if ( !$this->isAllowed( 'editmywatchlist' ) ) {
                        return;
                }

                global $wgUseEnotif, $wgShowUpdatedMarker;
                if ( !$wgUseEnotif && !$wgShowUpdatedMarker ) {
                        $this->setNewtalk( false );
                        return;
                }
                $id = $this->getId();
                if ( $id != 0 ) {
                        $dbw = wfGetDB( DB_MASTER );
                        $dbw->update( 'watchlist',
                                array( /* SET */ 'wl_notificationtimestamp' => null ),
                                array( /* WHERE */ 'wl_user' => $id ),
                                __METHOD__
                        );
                        // We also need to clear here the "you have new message" notification for the own user_talk page;
                        // it's cleared one page view later in WikiPage::doViewUpdates().
                }
        }

        /**
         * Set this user's options from an encoded string
         * @param string $str Encoded options to import
         *
         * @deprecated since 1.19 due to removal of user_options from the user table
         */
        private function decodeOptions( $str ) {
                wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.19' );
                if ( !$str ) {
                        return;
                }

                $this->mOptionsLoaded = true;
                $this->mOptionOverrides = array();

                // If an option is not set in $str, use the default value
                $this->mOptions = self::getDefaultOptions();

                $a = explode( "\n", $str );
                foreach ( $a as $s ) {
                        $m = array();
                        if ( preg_match( "/^(.[^=]*)=(.*)$/", $s, $m ) ) {
                                $this->mOptions[$m[1]] = $m[2];
                                $this->mOptionOverrides[$m[1]] = $m[2];
                        }
                }
        }

        /**
         * Set a cookie on the user's client. Wrapper for
         * WebResponse::setCookie
         * @param string $name Name of the cookie to set
         * @param string $value Value to set
         * @param int $exp Expiration time, as a UNIX time value;
         *                   if 0 or not specified, use the default $wgCookieExpiration
         * @param bool $secure
         *  true: Force setting the secure attribute when setting the cookie
         *  false: Force NOT setting the secure attribute when setting the cookie
         *  null (default): Use the default ($wgCookieSecure) to set the secure attribute
         * @param array $params Array of options sent passed to WebResponse::setcookie()
         */
        protected function setCookie( $name, $value, $exp = 0, $secure = null, $params = array() ) {
                $params['secure'] = $secure;
                $this->getRequest()->response()->setcookie( $name, $value, $exp, $params );
        }

        /**
         * Clear a cookie on the user's client
         * @param string $name Name of the cookie to clear
         * @param bool $secure
         *  true: Force setting the secure attribute when setting the cookie
         *  false: Force NOT setting the secure attribute when setting the cookie
         *  null (default): Use the default ($wgCookieSecure) to set the secure attribute
         * @param array $params Array of options sent passed to WebResponse::setcookie()
         */
        protected function clearCookie( $name, $secure = null, $params = array() ) {
                $this->setCookie( $name, '', time() - 86400, $secure, $params );
        }

        /**
         * Set the default cookies for this session on the user's client.
         *
         * @param WebRequest|null $request WebRequest object to use; $wgRequest will be used if null
         *        is passed.
         * @param bool $secure Whether to force secure/insecure cookies or use default
         * @param bool $rememberMe Whether to add a Token cookie for elongated sessions
         */
        public function setCookies( $request = null, $secure = null, $rememberMe = false ) {
                if ( $request === null ) {
                        $request = $this->getRequest();
                }

                $this->load();
                if ( 0 == $this->mId ) {
                        return;
                }
                if ( !$this->mToken ) {
                        // When token is empty or NULL generate a new one and then save it to the database
                        // This allows a wiki to re-secure itself after a leak of it's user table or $wgSecretKey
                        // Simply by setting every cell in the user_token column to NULL and letting them be
                        // regenerated as users log back into the wiki.
                        $this->setToken();
                        $this->saveSettings();
                }
                $session = array(
                        'wsUserID' => $this->mId,
                        'wsToken' => $this->mToken,
                        'wsUserName' => $this->getName()
                );
                $cookies = array(
                        'UserID' => $this->mId,
                        'UserName' => $this->getName(),
                );
                if ( $rememberMe ) {
                        $cookies['Token'] = $this->mToken;
                } else {
                        $cookies['Token'] = false;
                }

                wfRunHooks( 'UserSetCookies', array( $this, &$session, &$cookies ) );

                foreach ( $session as $name => $value ) {
                        $request->setSessionData( $name, $value );
                }
                foreach ( $cookies as $name => $value ) {
                        if ( $value === false ) {
                                $this->clearCookie( $name );
                        } else {
                                $this->setCookie( $name, $value, 0, $secure );
                        }
                }

                /**
                 * If wpStickHTTPS was selected, also set an insecure cookie that
                 * will cause the site to redirect the user to HTTPS, if they access
                 * it over HTTP. Bug 29898. Use an un-prefixed cookie, so it's the same
                 * as the one set by centralauth (bug 53538). Also set it to session, or
                 * standard time setting, based on if rememberme was set.
                 */
                if ( $request->getCheck( 'wpStickHTTPS' ) || $this->requiresHTTPS() ) {
                        $this->setCookie(
                                'forceHTTPS',
                                'true',
                                $rememberMe ? 0 : null,
                                false,
                                array( 'prefix' => '' ) // no prefix
                        );
                }
        }

        /**
         * Log this user out.
         */
        public function logout() {
                if ( wfRunHooks( 'UserLogout', array( &$this ) ) ) {
                        $this->doLogout();
                }
        }

        /**
         * Clear the user's cookies and session, and reset the instance cache.
         * @see logout()
         */
        public function doLogout() {
                $this->clearInstanceCache( 'defaults' );

                $this->getRequest()->setSessionData( 'wsUserID', 0 );

                $this->clearCookie( 'UserID' );
                $this->clearCookie( 'Token' );
                $this->clearCookie( 'forceHTTPS', false, array( 'prefix' => '' ) );

                // Remember when user logged out, to prevent seeing cached pages
                $this->setCookie( 'LoggedOut', time(), time() + 86400 );
        }

        /**
         * Save this user's settings into the database.
         * @todo Only rarely do all these fields need to be set!
         */
        public function saveSettings() {
                global $wgAuth;

                $this->load();
                if ( wfReadOnly() ) {
                        return;
                }
                if ( 0 == $this->mId ) {
                        return;
                }

                $this->mTouched = self::newTouchedTimestamp();
                if ( !$wgAuth->allowSetLocalPassword() ) {
                        $this->mPassword = '';
                }

                $dbw = wfGetDB( DB_MASTER );
                $dbw->update( 'user',
                        array( /* SET */
                                'user_name' => $this->mName,
                                'user_password' => $this->mPassword,
                                'user_newpassword' => $this->mNewpassword,
                                'user_newpass_time' => $dbw->timestampOrNull( $this->mNewpassTime ),
                                'user_real_name' => $this->mRealName,
                                'user_email' => $this->mEmail,
                                'user_email_authenticated' => $dbw->timestampOrNull( $this->mEmailAuthenticated ),
                                'user_touched' => $dbw->timestamp( $this->mTouched ),
                                'user_token' => strval( $this->mToken ),
                                'user_email_token' => $this->mEmailToken,
                                'user_email_token_expires' => $dbw->timestampOrNull( $this->mEmailTokenExpires ),
                                'user_password_expires' => $dbw->timestampOrNull( $this->mPasswordExpires ),
                        ), array( /* WHERE */
                                'user_id' => $this->mId
                        ), __METHOD__
                );

                $this->saveOptions();

                wfRunHooks( 'UserSaveSettings', array( $this ) );
                $this->clearSharedCache();
                $this->getUserPage()->invalidateCache();
        }

        /**
         * If only this user's username is known, and it exists, return the user ID.
         * @return int
         */
        public function idForName() {
                $s = trim( $this->getName() );
                if ( $s === '' ) {
                        return 0;
                }

                $dbr = wfGetDB( DB_SLAVE );
                $id = $dbr->selectField( 'user', 'user_id', array( 'user_name' => $s ), __METHOD__ );
                if ( $id === false ) {
                        $id = 0;
                }
                return $id;
        }

        /**
         * Add a user to the database, return the user object
         *
         * @param string $name Username to add
         * @param array $params Array of Strings Non-default parameters to save to
         *   the database as user_* fields:
         *   - password: The user's password hash. Password logins will be disabled
         *     if this is omitted.
         *   - newpassword: Hash for a temporary password that has been mailed to
         *     the user.
         *   - email: The user's email address.
         *   - email_authenticated: The email authentication timestamp.
         *   - real_name: The user's real name.
         *   - options: An associative array of non-default options.
         *   - token: Random authentication token. Do not set.
         *   - registration: Registration timestamp. Do not set.
         *
         * @return User|null User object, or null if the username already exists.
         */
        public static function createNew( $name, $params = array() ) {
                $user = new User;
                $user->load();
                $user->setToken(); // init token
                if ( isset( $params['options'] ) ) {
                        $user->mOptions = $params['options'] + (array)$user->mOptions;
                        unset( $params['options'] );
                }
                $dbw = wfGetDB( DB_MASTER );
                $seqVal = $dbw->nextSequenceValue( 'user_user_id_seq' );

                $fields = array(
                        'user_id' => $seqVal,
                        'user_name' => $name,
                        'user_password' => $user->mPassword,
                        'user_newpassword' => $user->mNewpassword,
                        'user_newpass_time' => $dbw->timestampOrNull( $user->mNewpassTime ),
                        'user_email' => $user->mEmail,
                        'user_email_authenticated' => $dbw->timestampOrNull( $user->mEmailAuthenticated ),
                        'user_real_name' => $user->mRealName,
                        'user_token' => strval( $user->mToken ),
                        'user_registration' => $dbw->timestamp( $user->mRegistration ),
                        'user_editcount' => 0,
                        'user_touched' => $dbw->timestamp( self::newTouchedTimestamp() ),
                );
                foreach ( $params as $name => $value ) {
                        $fields["user_$name"] = $value;
                }
                $dbw->insert( 'user', $fields, __METHOD__, array( 'IGNORE' ) );
                if ( $dbw->affectedRows() ) {
                        $newUser = User::newFromId( $dbw->insertId() );
                } else {
                        $newUser = null;
                }
                return $newUser;
        }

        /**
         * Add this existing user object to the database. If the user already
         * exists, a fatal status object is returned, and the user object is
         * initialised with the data from the database.
         *
         * Previously, this function generated a DB error due to a key conflict
         * if the user already existed. Many extension callers use this function
         * in code along the lines of:
         *
         *   $user = User::newFromName( $name );
         *   if ( !$user->isLoggedIn() ) {
         *       $user->addToDatabase();
         *   }
         *   // do something with $user...
         *
         * However, this was vulnerable to a race condition (bug 16020). By
         * initialising the user object if the user exists, we aim to support this
         * calling sequence as far as possible.
         *
         * Note that if the user exists, this function will acquire a write lock,
         * so it is still advisable to make the call conditional on isLoggedIn(),
         * and to commit the transaction after calling.
         *
         * @throws MWException
         * @return Status
         */
        public function addToDatabase() {
                $this->load();
                if ( !$this->mToken ) {
                        $this->setToken(); // init token
                }

                $this->mTouched = self::newTouchedTimestamp();

                $dbw = wfGetDB( DB_MASTER );
                $inWrite = $dbw->writesOrCallbacksPending();
                $seqVal = $dbw->nextSequenceValue( 'user_user_id_seq' );
                $dbw->insert( 'user',
                        array(
                                'user_id' => $seqVal,
                                'user_name' => $this->mName,
                                'user_password' => $this->mPassword,
                                'user_newpassword' => $this->mNewpassword,
                                'user_newpass_time' => $dbw->timestampOrNull( $this->mNewpassTime ),
                                'user_email' => $this->mEmail,
                                'user_email_authenticated' => $dbw->timestampOrNull( $this->mEmailAuthenticated ),
                                'user_real_name' => $this->mRealName,
                                'user_token' => strval( $this->mToken ),
                                'user_registration' => $dbw->timestamp( $this->mRegistration ),
                                'user_editcount' => 0,
                                'user_touched' => $dbw->timestamp( $this->mTouched ),
                        ), __METHOD__,
                        array( 'IGNORE' )
                );
                if ( !$dbw->affectedRows() ) {
                        if ( !$inWrite ) {
                                // XXX: Get out of REPEATABLE-READ so the SELECT below works.
                                // Often this case happens early in views before any writes.
                                // This shows up at least with CentralAuth.
                                $dbw->commit( __METHOD__, 'flush' );
                        }
                        $this->mId = $dbw->selectField( 'user', 'user_id',
                                array( 'user_name' => $this->mName ), __METHOD__ );
                        $loaded = false;
                        if ( $this->mId ) {
                                if ( $this->loadFromDatabase() ) {
                                        $loaded = true;
                                }
                        }
                        if ( !$loaded ) {
                                throw new MWException( __METHOD__ . ": hit a key conflict attempting " .
                                        "to insert user '{$this->mName}' row, but it was not present in select!" );
                        }
                        return Status::newFatal( 'userexists' );
                }
                $this->mId = $dbw->insertId();

                // Clear instance cache other than user table data, which is already accurate
                $this->clearInstanceCache();

                $this->saveOptions();
                return Status::newGood();
        }

        /**
         * If this user is logged-in and blocked,
         * block any IP address they've successfully logged in from.
         * @return bool A block was spread
         */
        public function spreadAnyEditBlock() {
                if ( $this->isLoggedIn() && $this->isBlocked() ) {
                        return $this->spreadBlock();
                }
                return false;
        }

        /**
         * If this (non-anonymous) user is blocked,
         * block the IP address they've successfully logged in from.
         * @return bool A block was spread
         */
        protected function spreadBlock() {
                wfDebug( __METHOD__ . "()\n" );
                $this->load();
                if ( $this->mId == 0 ) {
                        return false;
                }

                $userblock = Block::newFromTarget( $this->getName() );
                if ( !$userblock ) {
                        return false;
                }

                return (bool)$userblock->doAutoblock( $this->getRequest()->getIP() );
        }

        /**
         * Get whether the user is explicitly blocked from account creation.
         * @return bool|Block
         */
        public function isBlockedFromCreateAccount() {
                $this->getBlockedStatus();
                if ( $this->mBlock && $this->mBlock->prevents( 'createaccount' ) ) {
                        return $this->mBlock;
                }

                # bug 13611: if the IP address the user is trying to create an account from is
                # blocked with createaccount disabled, prevent new account creation there even
                # when the user is logged in
                if ( $this->mBlockedFromCreateAccount === false && !$this->isAllowed( 'ipblock-exempt' ) ) {
                        $this->mBlockedFromCreateAccount = Block::newFromTarget( null, $this->getRequest()->getIP() );
                }
                return $this->mBlockedFromCreateAccount instanceof Block
                        && $this->mBlockedFromCreateAccount->prevents( 'createaccount' )
                        ? $this->mBlockedFromCreateAccount
                        : false;
        }

        /**
         * Get whether the user is blocked from using Special:Emailuser.
         * @return bool
         */
        public function isBlockedFromEmailuser() {
                $this->getBlockedStatus();
                return $this->mBlock && $this->mBlock->prevents( 'sendemail' );
        }

        /**
         * Get whether the user is allowed to create an account.
         * @return bool
         */
        public function isAllowedToCreateAccount() {
                return $this->isAllowed( 'createaccount' ) && !$this->isBlockedFromCreateAccount();
        }

        /**
         * Get this user's personal page title.
         *
         * @return Title User's personal page title
         */
        public function getUserPage() {
                return Title::makeTitle( NS_USER, $this->getName() );
        }

        /**
         * Get this user's talk page title.
         *
         * @return Title User's talk page title
         */
        public function getTalkPage() {
                $title = $this->getUserPage();
                return $title->getTalkPage();
        }

        /**
         * Determine whether the user is a newbie. Newbies are either
         * anonymous IPs, or the most recently created accounts.
         * @return bool
         */
        public function isNewbie() {
                return !$this->isAllowed( 'autoconfirmed' );
        }

        /**
         * Check to see if the given clear-text password is one of the accepted passwords
         * @param string $password user password.
         * @return bool True if the given password is correct, otherwise False.
         */
        public function checkPassword( $password ) {
                global $wgAuth, $wgLegacyEncoding;
                $this->load();

                // Certain authentication plugins do NOT want to save
                // domain passwords in a mysql database, so we should
                // check this (in case $wgAuth->strict() is false).

                if ( $wgAuth->authenticate( $this->getName(), $password ) ) {
                        return true;
                } elseif ( $wgAuth->strict() ) {
                        // Auth plugin doesn't allow local authentication
                        return false;
                } elseif ( $wgAuth->strictUserAuth( $this->getName() ) ) {
                        // Auth plugin doesn't allow local authentication for this user name
                        return false;
                }
                if ( self::comparePasswords( $this->mPassword, $password, $this->mId ) ) {
                        return true;
                } elseif ( $wgLegacyEncoding ) {
                        // Some wikis were converted from ISO 8859-1 to UTF-8, the passwords can't be converted
                        // Check for this with iconv
                        $cp1252Password = iconv( 'UTF-8', 'WINDOWS-1252//TRANSLIT', $password );
                        if ( $cp1252Password != $password
                                && self::comparePasswords( $this->mPassword, $cp1252Password, $this->mId )
                        ) {
                                return true;
                        }
                }
                return false;
        }

        /**
         * Check if the given clear-text password matches the temporary password
         * sent by e-mail for password reset operations.
         *
         * @param string $plaintext
         *
         * @return bool True if matches, false otherwise
         */
        public function checkTemporaryPassword( $plaintext ) {
                global $wgNewPasswordExpiry;

                $this->load();
                if ( self::comparePasswords( $this->mNewpassword, $plaintext, $this->getId() ) ) {
                        if ( is_null( $this->mNewpassTime ) ) {
                                return true;
                        }
                        $expiry = wfTimestamp( TS_UNIX, $this->mNewpassTime ) + $wgNewPasswordExpiry;
                        return ( time() < $expiry );
                } else {
                        return false;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Alias for getEditToken.
         * @deprecated since 1.19, use getEditToken instead.
         *
         * @param string|array $salt of Strings Optional function-specific data for hashing
         * @param WebRequest|null $request WebRequest object to use or null to use $wgRequest
         * @return string The new edit token
         */
        public function editToken( $salt = '', $request = null ) {
                wfDeprecated( __METHOD__, '1.19' );
                return $this->getEditToken( $salt, $request );
        }

        /**
         * Initialize (if necessary) and return a session token value
         * which can be used in edit forms to show that the user's
         * login credentials aren't being hijacked with a foreign form
         * submission.
         *
         * @since 1.19
         *
         * @param string|array $salt of Strings Optional function-specific data for hashing
         * @param WebRequest|null $request WebRequest object to use or null to use $wgRequest
         * @return string The new edit token
         */
        public function getEditToken( $salt = '', $request = null ) {
                if ( $request == null ) {
                        $request = $this->getRequest();
                }

                if ( $this->isAnon() ) {
                        return EDIT_TOKEN_SUFFIX;
                } else {
                        $token = $request->getSessionData( 'wsEditToken' );
                        if ( $token === null ) {
                                $token = MWCryptRand::generateHex( 32 );
                                $request->setSessionData( 'wsEditToken', $token );
                        }
                        if ( is_array( $salt ) ) {
                                $salt = implode( '|', $salt );
                        }
                        return md5( $token . $salt ) . EDIT_TOKEN_SUFFIX;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Generate a looking random token for various uses.
         *
         * @return string The new random token
         * @deprecated since 1.20: Use MWCryptRand for secure purposes or
         *   wfRandomString for pseudo-randomness.
         */
        public static function generateToken() {
                return MWCryptRand::generateHex( 32 );
        }

        /**
         * Check given value against the token value stored in the session.
         * A match should confirm that the form was submitted from the
         * user's own login session, not a form submission from a third-party
         * site.
         *
         * @param string $val Input value to compare
         * @param string $salt Optional function-specific data for hashing
         * @param WebRequest|null $request Object to use or null to use $wgRequest
         * @return bool Whether the token matches
         */
        public function matchEditToken( $val, $salt = '', $request = null ) {
                $sessionToken = $this->getEditToken( $salt, $request );
                if ( $val != $sessionToken ) {
                        wfDebug( "User::matchEditToken: broken session data\n" );
                }

                return $val == $sessionToken;
        }

        /**
         * Check given value against the token value stored in the session,
         * ignoring the suffix.
         *
         * @param string $val Input value to compare
         * @param string $salt Optional function-specific data for hashing
         * @param WebRequest|null $request object to use or null to use $wgRequest
         * @return bool Whether the token matches
         */
        public function matchEditTokenNoSuffix( $val, $salt = '', $request = null ) {
                $sessionToken = $this->getEditToken( $salt, $request );
                return substr( $sessionToken, 0, 32 ) == substr( $val, 0, 32 );
        }

        /**
         * Generate a new e-mail confirmation token and send a confirmation/invalidation
         * mail to the user's given address.
         *
         * @param string $type Message to send, either "created", "changed" or "set"
         * @return Status
         */
        public function sendConfirmationMail( $type = 'created' ) {
                global $wgLang;
                $expiration = null; // gets passed-by-ref and defined in next line.
                $token = $this->confirmationToken( $expiration );
                $url = $this->confirmationTokenUrl( $token );
                $invalidateURL = $this->invalidationTokenUrl( $token );
                $this->saveSettings();

                if ( $type == 'created' || $type === false ) {
                        $message = 'confirmemail_body';
                } elseif ( $type === true ) {
                        $message = 'confirmemail_body_changed';
                } else {
                        // Messages: confirmemail_body_changed, confirmemail_body_set
                        $message = 'confirmemail_body_' . $type;
                }

                return $this->sendMail( wfMessage( 'confirmemail_subject' )->text(),
                        wfMessage( $message,
                                $this->getRequest()->getIP(),
                                $this->getName(),
                                $url,
                                $wgLang->timeanddate( $expiration, false ),
                                $invalidateURL,
                                $wgLang->date( $expiration, false ),
                                $wgLang->time( $expiration, false ) )->text() );
        }

        /**
         * Send an e-mail to this user's account. Does not check for
         * confirmed status or validity.
         *
         * @param string $subject Message subject
         * @param string $body Message body
         * @param string $from Optional From address; if unspecified, default
         *   $wgPasswordSender will be used.
         * @param string $replyto Reply-To address
         * @return Status
         */
        public function sendMail( $subject, $body, $from = null, $replyto = null ) {
                if ( is_null( $from ) ) {
                        global $wgPasswordSender;
                        $sender = new MailAddress( $wgPasswordSender,
                                wfMessage( 'emailsender' )->inContentLanguage()->text() );
                } else {
                        $sender = new MailAddress( $from );
                }

                $to = new MailAddress( $this );
                return UserMailer::send( $to, $sender, $subject, $body, $replyto );
        }

        /**
         * Generate, store, and return a new e-mail confirmation code.
         * A hash (unsalted, since it's used as a key) is stored.
         *
         * @note Call saveSettings() after calling this function to commit
         * this change to the database.
         *
         * @param string &$expiration Accepts the expiration time
         * @return string New token
         */
        protected function confirmationToken( &$expiration ) {
                global $wgUserEmailConfirmationTokenExpiry;
                $now = time();
                $expires = $now + $wgUserEmailConfirmationTokenExpiry;
                $expiration = wfTimestamp( TS_MW, $expires );
                $this->load();
                $token = MWCryptRand::generateHex( 32 );
                $hash = md5( $token );
                $this->mEmailToken = $hash;
                $this->mEmailTokenExpires = $expiration;
                return $token;
        }

        /**
         * Return a URL the user can use to confirm their email address.
         * @param string $token Accepts the email confirmation token
         * @return string New token URL
         */
        protected function confirmationTokenUrl( $token ) {
                return $this->getTokenUrl( 'ConfirmEmail', $token );
        }

        /**
         * Return a URL the user can use to invalidate their email address.
         * @param string $token Accepts the email confirmation token
         * @return string New token URL
         */
        protected function invalidationTokenUrl( $token ) {
                return $this->getTokenUrl( 'InvalidateEmail', $token );
        }

        /**
         * Internal function to format the e-mail validation/invalidation URLs.
         * This uses a quickie hack to use the
         * hardcoded English names of the Special: pages, for ASCII safety.
         *
         * @note Since these URLs get dropped directly into emails, using the
         * short English names avoids insanely long URL-encoded links, which
         * also sometimes can get corrupted in some browsers/mailers
         * (bug 6957 with Gmail and Internet Explorer).
         *
         * @param string $page Special page
         * @param string $token Token
         * @return string Formatted URL
         */
        protected function getTokenUrl( $page, $token ) {
                // Hack to bypass localization of 'Special:'
                $title = Title::makeTitle( NS_MAIN, "Special:$page/$token" );
                return $title->getCanonicalURL();
        }

        /**
         * Mark the e-mail address confirmed.
         *
         * @note Call saveSettings() after calling this function to commit the change.
         *
         * @return bool
         */
        public function confirmEmail() {
                // Check if it's already confirmed, so we don't touch the database
                // and fire the ConfirmEmailComplete hook on redundant confirmations.
                if ( !$this->isEmailConfirmed() ) {
                        $this->setEmailAuthenticationTimestamp( wfTimestampNow() );
                        wfRunHooks( 'ConfirmEmailComplete', array( $this ) );
                }
                return true;
        }

        /**
         * Invalidate the user's e-mail confirmation, and unauthenticate the e-mail
         * address if it was already confirmed.
         *
         * @note Call saveSettings() after calling this function to commit the change.
         * @return bool Returns true
         */
        public function invalidateEmail() {
                $this->load();
                $this->mEmailToken = null;
                $this->mEmailTokenExpires = null;
                $this->setEmailAuthenticationTimestamp( null );
                wfRunHooks( 'InvalidateEmailComplete', array( $this ) );
                return true;
        }

        /**
         * Set the e-mail authentication timestamp.
         * @param string $timestamp TS_MW timestamp
         */
        public function setEmailAuthenticationTimestamp( $timestamp ) {
                $this->load();
                $this->mEmailAuthenticated = $timestamp;
                wfRunHooks( 'UserSetEmailAuthenticationTimestamp', array( $this, &$this->mEmailAuthenticated ) );
        }

        /**
         * Is this user allowed to send e-mails within limits of current
         * site configuration?
         * @return bool
         */
        public function canSendEmail() {
                global $wgEnableEmail, $wgEnableUserEmail;
                if ( !$wgEnableEmail || !$wgEnableUserEmail || !$this->isAllowed( 'sendemail' ) ) {
                        return false;
                }
                $canSend = $this->isEmailConfirmed();
                wfRunHooks( 'UserCanSendEmail', array( &$this, &$canSend ) );
                return $canSend;
        }

        /**
         * Is this user allowed to receive e-mails within limits of current
         * site configuration?
         * @return bool
         */
        public function canReceiveEmail() {
                return $this->isEmailConfirmed() && !$this->getOption( 'disablemail' );
        }

        /**
         * Is this user's e-mail address valid-looking and confirmed within
         * limits of the current site configuration?
         *
         * @note If $wgEmailAuthentication is on, this may require the user to have
         * confirmed their address by returning a code or using a password
         * sent to the address from the wiki.
         *
         * @return bool
         */
        public function isEmailConfirmed() {
                global $wgEmailAuthentication;
                $this->load();
                $confirmed = true;
                if ( wfRunHooks( 'EmailConfirmed', array( &$this, &$confirmed ) ) ) {
                        if ( $this->isAnon() ) {
                                return false;
                        }
                        if ( !Sanitizer::validateEmail( $this->mEmail ) ) {
                                return false;
                        }
                        if ( $wgEmailAuthentication && !$this->getEmailAuthenticationTimestamp() ) {
                                return false;
                        }
                        return true;
                } else {
                        return $confirmed;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Check whether there is an outstanding request for e-mail confirmation.
         * @return bool
         */
        public function isEmailConfirmationPending() {
                global $wgEmailAuthentication;
                return $wgEmailAuthentication &&
                        !$this->isEmailConfirmed() &&
                        $this->mEmailToken &&
                        $this->mEmailTokenExpires > wfTimestamp();
        }

        /**
         * Get the timestamp of account creation.
         *
         * @return string|bool|null Timestamp of account creation, false for
         *  non-existent/anonymous user accounts, or null if existing account
         *  but information is not in database.
         */
        public function getRegistration() {
                if ( $this->isAnon() ) {
                        return false;
                }
                $this->load();
                return $this->mRegistration;
        }

        /**
         * Get the timestamp of the first edit
         *
         * @return string|bool Timestamp of first edit, or false for
         *  non-existent/anonymous user accounts.
         */
        public function getFirstEditTimestamp() {
                if ( $this->getId() == 0 ) {
                        return false; // anons
                }
                $dbr = wfGetDB( DB_SLAVE );
                $time = $dbr->selectField( 'revision', 'rev_timestamp',
                        array( 'rev_user' => $this->getId() ),
                        __METHOD__,
                        array( 'ORDER BY' => 'rev_timestamp ASC' )
                );
                if ( !$time ) {
                        return false; // no edits
                }
                return wfTimestamp( TS_MW, $time );
        }

        /**
         * Get the permissions associated with a given list of groups
         *
         * @param array $groups Array of Strings List of internal group names
         * @return array Array of Strings List of permission key names for given groups combined
         */
        public static function getGroupPermissions( $groups ) {
                global $wgGroupPermissions, $wgRevokePermissions;
                $rights = array();
                // grant every granted permission first
                foreach ( $groups as $group ) {
                        if ( isset( $wgGroupPermissions[$group] ) ) {
                                $rights = array_merge( $rights,
                                        // array_filter removes empty items
                                        array_keys( array_filter( $wgGroupPermissions[$group] ) ) );
                        }
                }
                // now revoke the revoked permissions
                foreach ( $groups as $group ) {
                        if ( isset( $wgRevokePermissions[$group] ) ) {
                                $rights = array_diff( $rights,
                                        array_keys( array_filter( $wgRevokePermissions[$group] ) ) );
                        }
                }
                return array_unique( $rights );
        }

        /**
         * Get all the groups who have a given permission
         *
         * @param string $role Role to check
         * @return array Array of Strings List of internal group names with the given permission
         */
        public static function getGroupsWithPermission( $role ) {
                global $wgGroupPermissions;
                $allowedGroups = array();
                foreach ( array_keys( $wgGroupPermissions ) as $group ) {
                        if ( self::groupHasPermission( $group, $role ) ) {
                                $allowedGroups[] = $group;
                        }
                }
                return $allowedGroups;
        }

        /**
         * Check, if the given group has the given permission
         *
         * If you're wanting to check whether all users have a permission, use
         * User::isEveryoneAllowed() instead. That properly checks if it's revoked
         * from anyone.
         *
         * @since 1.21
         * @param string $group Group to check
         * @param string $role Role to check
         * @return bool
         */
        public static function groupHasPermission( $group, $role ) {
                global $wgGroupPermissions, $wgRevokePermissions;
                return isset( $wgGroupPermissions[$group][$role] ) && $wgGroupPermissions[$group][$role]
                        && !( isset( $wgRevokePermissions[$group][$role] ) && $wgRevokePermissions[$group][$role] );
        }

        /**
         * Check if all users have the given permission
         *
         * @since 1.22
         * @param string $right Right to check
         * @return bool
         */
        public static function isEveryoneAllowed( $right ) {
                global $wgGroupPermissions, $wgRevokePermissions;
                static $cache = array();

                // Use the cached results, except in unit tests which rely on
                // being able change the permission mid-request
                if ( isset( $cache[$right] ) && !defined( 'MW_PHPUNIT_TEST' ) ) {
                        return $cache[$right];
                }

                if ( !isset( $wgGroupPermissions['*'][$right] ) || !$wgGroupPermissions['*'][$right] ) {
                        $cache[$right] = false;
                        return false;
                }

                // If it's revoked anywhere, then everyone doesn't have it
                foreach ( $wgRevokePermissions as $rights ) {
                        if ( isset( $rights[$right] ) && $rights[$right] ) {
                                $cache[$right] = false;
                                return false;
                        }
                }

                // Allow extensions (e.g. OAuth) to say false
                if ( !wfRunHooks( 'UserIsEveryoneAllowed', array( $right ) ) ) {
                        $cache[$right] = false;
                        return false;
                }

                $cache[$right] = true;
                return true;
        }

        /**
         * Get the localized descriptive name for a group, if it exists
         *
         * @param string $group Internal group name
         * @return string Localized descriptive group name
         */
        public static function getGroupName( $group ) {
                $msg = wfMessage( "group-$group" );
                return $msg->isBlank() ? $group : $msg->text();
        }

        /**
         * Get the localized descriptive name for a member of a group, if it exists
         *
         * @param string $group Internal group name
         * @param string $username Username for gender (since 1.19)
         * @return string Localized name for group member
         */
        public static function getGroupMember( $group, $username = '#' ) {
                $msg = wfMessage( "group-$group-member", $username );
                return $msg->isBlank() ? $group : $msg->text();
        }

        /**
         * Return the set of defined explicit groups.
         * The implicit groups (by default *, 'user' and 'autoconfirmed')
         * are not included, as they are defined automatically, not in the database.
         * @return array Array of internal group names
         */
        public static function getAllGroups() {
                global $wgGroupPermissions, $wgRevokePermissions;
                return array_diff(
                        array_merge( array_keys( $wgGroupPermissions ), array_keys( $wgRevokePermissions ) ),
                        self::getImplicitGroups()
                );
        }

        /**
         * Get a list of all available permissions.
         * @return array Array of permission names
         */
        public static function getAllRights() {
                if ( self::$mAllRights === false ) {
                        global $wgAvailableRights;
                        if ( count( $wgAvailableRights ) ) {
                                self::$mAllRights = array_unique( array_merge( self::$mCoreRights, $wgAvailableRights ) );
                        } else {
                                self::$mAllRights = self::$mCoreRights;
                        }
                        wfRunHooks( 'UserGetAllRights', array( &self::$mAllRights ) );
                }
                return self::$mAllRights;
        }

        /**
         * Get a list of implicit groups
         * @return array Array of Strings Array of internal group names
         */
        public static function getImplicitGroups() {
                global $wgImplicitGroups;

                $groups = $wgImplicitGroups;
                # Deprecated, use $wgImplictGroups instead
                wfRunHooks( 'UserGetImplicitGroups', array( &$groups ) );

                return $groups;
        }

        /**
         * Get the title of a page describing a particular group
         *
         * @param string $group Internal group name
         * @return Title|bool Title of the page if it exists, false otherwise
         */
        public static function getGroupPage( $group ) {
                $msg = wfMessage( 'grouppage-' . $group )->inContentLanguage();
                if ( $msg->exists() ) {
                        $title = Title::newFromText( $msg->text() );
                        if ( is_object( $title ) ) {
                                return $title;
                        }
                }
                return false;
        }

        /**
         * Create a link to the group in HTML, if available;
         * else return the group name.
         *
         * @param string $group Internal name of the group
         * @param string $text The text of the link
         * @return string HTML link to the group
         */
        public static function makeGroupLinkHTML( $group, $text = '' ) {
                if ( $text == '' ) {
                        $text = self::getGroupName( $group );
                }
                $title = self::getGroupPage( $group );
                if ( $title ) {
                        return Linker::link( $title, htmlspecialchars( $text ) );
                } else {
                        return $text;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Create a link to the group in Wikitext, if available;
         * else return the group name.
         *
         * @param string $group Internal name of the group
         * @param string $text The text of the link
         * @return string Wikilink to the group
         */
        public static function makeGroupLinkWiki( $group, $text = '' ) {
                if ( $text == '' ) {
                        $text = self::getGroupName( $group );
                }
                $title = self::getGroupPage( $group );
                if ( $title ) {
                        $page = $title->getPrefixedText();
                        return "[[$page|$text]]";
                } else {
                        return $text;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Returns an array of the groups that a particular group can add/remove.
         *
         * @param string $group The group to check for whether it can add/remove
         * @return array array( 'add' => array( addablegroups ),
         *     'remove' => array( removablegroups ),
         *     'add-self' => array( addablegroups to self),
         *     'remove-self' => array( removable groups from self) )
         */
        public static function changeableByGroup( $group ) {
                global $wgAddGroups, $wgRemoveGroups, $wgGroupsAddToSelf, $wgGroupsRemoveFromSelf;

                $groups = array(
                        'add' => array(),
                        'remove' => array(),
                        'add-self' => array(),
                        'remove-self' => array()
                );

                if ( empty( $wgAddGroups[$group] ) ) {
                        // Don't add anything to $groups
                } elseif ( $wgAddGroups[$group] === true ) {
                        // You get everything
                        $groups['add'] = self::getAllGroups();
                } elseif ( is_array( $wgAddGroups[$group] ) ) {
                        $groups['add'] = $wgAddGroups[$group];
                }

                // Same thing for remove
                if ( empty( $wgRemoveGroups[$group] ) ) {
                } elseif ( $wgRemoveGroups[$group] === true ) {
                        $groups['remove'] = self::getAllGroups();
                } elseif ( is_array( $wgRemoveGroups[$group] ) ) {
                        $groups['remove'] = $wgRemoveGroups[$group];
                }

                // Re-map numeric keys of AddToSelf/RemoveFromSelf to the 'user' key for backwards compatibility
                if ( empty( $wgGroupsAddToSelf['user'] ) || $wgGroupsAddToSelf['user'] !== true ) {
                        foreach ( $wgGroupsAddToSelf as $key => $value ) {
                                if ( is_int( $key ) ) {
                                        $wgGroupsAddToSelf['user'][] = $value;
                                }
                        }
                }

                if ( empty( $wgGroupsRemoveFromSelf['user'] ) || $wgGroupsRemoveFromSelf['user'] !== true ) {
                        foreach ( $wgGroupsRemoveFromSelf as $key => $value ) {
                                if ( is_int( $key ) ) {
                                        $wgGroupsRemoveFromSelf['user'][] = $value;
                                }
                        }
                }

                // Now figure out what groups the user can add to him/herself
                if ( empty( $wgGroupsAddToSelf[$group] ) ) {
                } elseif ( $wgGroupsAddToSelf[$group] === true ) {
                        // No idea WHY this would be used, but it's there
                        $groups['add-self'] = User::getAllGroups();
                } elseif ( is_array( $wgGroupsAddToSelf[$group] ) ) {
                        $groups['add-self'] = $wgGroupsAddToSelf[$group];
                }

                if ( empty( $wgGroupsRemoveFromSelf[$group] ) ) {
                } elseif ( $wgGroupsRemoveFromSelf[$group] === true ) {
                        $groups['remove-self'] = User::getAllGroups();
                } elseif ( is_array( $wgGroupsRemoveFromSelf[$group] ) ) {
                        $groups['remove-self'] = $wgGroupsRemoveFromSelf[$group];
                }

                return $groups;
        }

        /**
         * Returns an array of groups that this user can add and remove
         * @return array array( 'add' => array( addablegroups ),
         *  'remove' => array( removablegroups ),
         *  'add-self' => array( addablegroups to self),
         *  'remove-self' => array( removable groups from self) )
         */
        public function changeableGroups() {
                if ( $this->isAllowed( 'userrights' ) ) {
                        // This group gives the right to modify everything (reverse-
                        // compatibility with old "userrights lets you change
                        // everything")
                        // Using array_merge to make the groups reindexed
                        $all = array_merge( User::getAllGroups() );
                        return array(
                                'add' => $all,
                                'remove' => $all,
                                'add-self' => array(),
                                'remove-self' => array()
                        );
                }

                // Okay, it's not so simple, we will have to go through the arrays
                $groups = array(
                        'add' => array(),
                        'remove' => array(),
                        'add-self' => array(),
                        'remove-self' => array()
                );
                $addergroups = $this->getEffectiveGroups();

                foreach ( $addergroups as $addergroup ) {
                        $groups = array_merge_recursive(
                                $groups, $this->changeableByGroup( $addergroup )
                        );
                        $groups['add'] = array_unique( $groups['add'] );
                        $groups['remove'] = array_unique( $groups['remove'] );
                        $groups['add-self'] = array_unique( $groups['add-self'] );
                        $groups['remove-self'] = array_unique( $groups['remove-self'] );
                }
                return $groups;
        }

        /**
         * Increment the user's edit-count field.
         * Will have no effect for anonymous users.
         */
        public function incEditCount() {
                if ( !$this->isAnon() ) {
                        $dbw = wfGetDB( DB_MASTER );
                        $dbw->update(
                                'user',
                                array( 'user_editcount=user_editcount+1' ),
                                array( 'user_id' => $this->getId() ),
                                __METHOD__
                        );

                        // Lazy initialization check...
                        if ( $dbw->affectedRows() == 0 ) {
                                // Now here's a goddamn hack...
                                $dbr = wfGetDB( DB_SLAVE );
                                if ( $dbr !== $dbw ) {
                                        // If we actually have a slave server, the count is
                                        // at least one behind because the current transaction
                                        // has not been committed and replicated.
                                        $this->initEditCount( 1 );
                                } else {
                                        // But if DB_SLAVE is selecting the master, then the
                                        // count we just read includes the revision that was
                                        // just added in the working transaction.
                                        $this->initEditCount();
                                }
                        }
                }
                // edit count in user cache too
                $this->invalidateCache();
        }

        /**
         * Initialize user_editcount from data out of the revision table
         *
         * @param int $add Edits to add to the count from the revision table
         * @return int Number of edits
         */
        protected function initEditCount( $add = 0 ) {
                // Pull from a slave to be less cruel to servers
                // Accuracy isn't the point anyway here
                $dbr = wfGetDB( DB_SLAVE );
                $count = (int)$dbr->selectField(
                        'revision',
                        'COUNT(rev_user)',
                        array( 'rev_user' => $this->getId() ),
                        __METHOD__
                );
                $count = $count + $add;

                $dbw = wfGetDB( DB_MASTER );
                $dbw->update(
                        'user',
                        array( 'user_editcount' => $count ),
                        array( 'user_id' => $this->getId() ),
                        __METHOD__
                );

                return $count;
        }

        /**
         * Get the description of a given right
         *
         * @param string $right Right to query
         * @return string Localized description of the right
         */
        public static function getRightDescription( $right ) {
                $key = "right-$right";
                $msg = wfMessage( $key );
                return $msg->isBlank() ? $right : $msg->text();
        }

        /**
         * Make an old-style password hash
         *
         * @param string $password Plain-text password
         * @param string $userId User ID
         * @return string Password hash
         */
        public static function oldCrypt( $password, $userId ) {
                global $wgPasswordSalt;
                if ( $wgPasswordSalt ) {
                        return md5( $userId . '-' . md5( $password ) );
                } else {
                        return md5( $password );
                }
        }

        /**
         * Make a new-style password hash
         *
         * @param string $password Plain-text password
         * @param bool|string $salt Optional salt, may be random or the user ID.
         *  If unspecified or false, will generate one automatically
         * @return string Password hash
         */
        public static function crypt( $password, $salt = false ) {
                global $wgPasswordSalt;

                $hash = '';
                if ( !wfRunHooks( 'UserCryptPassword', array( &$password, &$salt, &$wgPasswordSalt, &$hash ) ) ) {
                        return $hash;
                }

                if ( $wgPasswordSalt ) {
                        if ( $salt === false ) {
                                $salt = MWCryptRand::generateHex( 8 );
                        }
                        return ':B:' . $salt . ':' . md5( $salt . '-' . md5( $password ) );
                } else {
                        return ':A:' . md5( $password );
                }
        }

        /**
         * Compare a password hash with a plain-text password. Requires the user
         * ID if there's a chance that the hash is an old-style hash.
         *
         * @param string $hash Password hash
         * @param string $password Plain-text password to compare
         * @param string|bool $userId User ID for old-style password salt
         *
         * @return bool
         */
        public static function comparePasswords( $hash, $password, $userId = false ) {
                $type = substr( $hash, 0, 3 );

                $result = false;
                if ( !wfRunHooks( 'UserComparePasswords', array( &$hash, &$password, &$userId, &$result ) ) ) {
                        return $result;
                }

                if ( $type == ':A:' ) {
                        // Unsalted
                        return md5( $password ) === substr( $hash, 3 );
                } elseif ( $type == ':B:' ) {
                        // Salted
                        list( $salt, $realHash ) = explode( ':', substr( $hash, 3 ), 2 );
                        return md5( $salt . '-' . md5( $password ) ) === $realHash;
                } else {
                        // Old-style
                        return self::oldCrypt( $password, $userId ) === $hash;
                }
        }

        /**
         * Add a newuser log entry for this user.
         * Before 1.19 the return value was always true.
         *
         * @param string|bool $action Account creation type.
         *   - String, one of the following values:
         *     - 'create' for an anonymous user creating an account for himself.
         *       This will force the action's performer to be the created user itself,
         *       no matter the value of $wgUser
         *     - 'create2' for a logged in user creating an account for someone else
         *     - 'byemail' when the created user will receive its password by e-mail
         *     - 'autocreate' when the user is automatically created (such as by CentralAuth).
         *   - Boolean means whether the account was created by e-mail (deprecated):
         *     - true will be converted to 'byemail'
         *     - false will be converted to 'create' if this object is the same as
         *       $wgUser and to 'create2' otherwise
         *
         * @param string $reason User supplied reason
         *
         * @return int|bool True if not $wgNewUserLog; otherwise ID of log item or 0 on failure
         */
        public function addNewUserLogEntry( $action = false, $reason = '' ) {
                global $wgUser, $wgNewUserLog;
                if ( empty( $wgNewUserLog ) ) {
                        return true; // disabled
                }

                if ( $action === true ) {
                        $action = 'byemail';
                } elseif ( $action === false ) {
                        if ( $this->getName() == $wgUser->getName() ) {
                                $action = 'create';
                        } else {
                                $action = 'create2';
                        }
                }

                if ( $action === 'create' || $action === 'autocreate' ) {
                        $performer = $this;
                } else {
                        $performer = $wgUser;
                }

                $logEntry = new ManualLogEntry( 'newusers', $action );
                $logEntry->setPerformer( $performer );
                $logEntry->setTarget( $this->getUserPage() );
                $logEntry->setComment( $reason );
                $logEntry->setParameters( array(
                        '4::userid' => $this->getId(),
                ) );
                $logid = $logEntry->insert();

                if ( $action !== 'autocreate' ) {
                        $logEntry->publish( $logid );
                }

                return (int)$logid;
        }

        /**
         * Add an autocreate newuser log entry for this user
         * Used by things like CentralAuth and perhaps other authplugins.
         * Consider calling addNewUserLogEntry() directly instead.
         *
         * @return bool
         */
        public function addNewUserLogEntryAutoCreate() {
                $this->addNewUserLogEntry( 'autocreate' );

                return true;
        }

        /**
         * Load the user options either from cache, the database or an array
         *
         * @param array $data Rows for the current user out of the user_properties table
         */
        protected function loadOptions( $data = null ) {
                global $wgContLang;

                $this->load();

                if ( $this->mOptionsLoaded ) {
                        return;
                }

                $this->mOptions = self::getDefaultOptions();

                if ( !$this->getId() ) {
                        // For unlogged-in users, load language/variant options from request.
                        // There's no need to do it for logged-in users: they can set preferences,
                        // and handling of page content is done by $pageLang->getPreferredVariant() and such,
                        // so don't override user's choice (especially when the user chooses site default).
                        $variant = $wgContLang->getDefaultVariant();
                        $this->mOptions['variant'] = $variant;
                        $this->mOptions['language'] = $variant;
                        $this->mOptionsLoaded = true;
                        return;
                }

                // Maybe load from the object
                if ( !is_null( $this->mOptionOverrides ) ) {
                        wfDebug( "User: loading options for user " . $this->getId() . " from override cache.\n" );
                        foreach ( $this->mOptionOverrides as $key => $value ) {
                                $this->mOptions[$key] = $value;
                        }
                } else {
                        if ( !is_array( $data ) ) {
                                wfDebug( "User: loading options for user " . $this->getId() . " from database.\n" );
                                // Load from database
                                $dbr = wfGetDB( DB_SLAVE );

                                $res = $dbr->select(
                                        'user_properties',
                                        array( 'up_property', 'up_value' ),
                                        array( 'up_user' => $this->getId() ),
                                        __METHOD__
                                );

                                $this->mOptionOverrides = array();
                                $data = array();
                                foreach ( $res as $row ) {
                                        $data[$row->up_property] = $row->up_value;
                                }
                        }
                        foreach ( $data as $property => $value ) {
                                $this->mOptionOverrides[$property] = $value;
                                $this->mOptions[$property] = $value;
                        }
                }

                $this->mOptionsLoaded = true;

                wfRunHooks( 'UserLoadOptions', array( $this, &$this->mOptions ) );
        }

        /**
         * @todo document
         */
        protected function saveOptions() {
                $this->loadOptions();

                // Not using getOptions(), to keep hidden preferences in database
                $saveOptions = $this->mOptions;

                // Allow hooks to abort, for instance to save to a global profile.
                // Reset options to default state before saving.
                if ( !wfRunHooks( 'UserSaveOptions', array( $this, &$saveOptions ) ) ) {
                        return;
                }

                $userId = $this->getId();
                $insert_rows = array();
                foreach ( $saveOptions as $key => $value ) {
                        // Don't bother storing default values
                        $defaultOption = self::getDefaultOption( $key );
                        if ( ( is_null( $defaultOption ) &&
                                !( $value === false || is_null( $value ) ) ) ||
                                $value != $defaultOption
                        ) {
                                $insert_rows[] = array(
                                        'up_user' => $userId,
                                        'up_property' => $key,
                                        'up_value' => $value,
                                );
                        }
                }

                $dbw = wfGetDB( DB_MASTER );
                // Find and delete any prior preference rows...
                $res = $dbw->select( 'user_properties',
                        array( 'up_property' ), array( 'up_user' => $userId ), __METHOD__ );
                $priorKeys = array();
                foreach ( $res as $row ) {
                        $priorKeys[] = $row->up_property;
                }
                if ( count( $priorKeys ) ) {
                        // Do the DELETE by PRIMARY KEY for prior rows.
                        // In the past a very large portion of calls to this function are for setting
                        // 'rememberpassword' for new accounts (a preference that has since been removed).
                        // Doing a blanket per-user DELETE for new accounts with no rows in the table
                        // caused gap locks on [max user ID,+infinity) which caused high contention since
                        // updates would pile up on each other as they are for higher (newer) user IDs.
                        // It might not be necessary these days, but it shouldn't hurt either.
                        $dbw->delete( 'user_properties',
                                array( 'up_user' => $userId, 'up_property' => $priorKeys ), __METHOD__ );
                }
                // Insert the new preference rows
                $dbw->insert( 'user_properties', $insert_rows, __METHOD__, array( 'IGNORE' ) );
        }

        /**
         * Provide an array of HTML5 attributes to put on an input element
         * intended for the user to enter a new password.  This may include
         * required, title, and/or pattern, depending on $wgMinimalPasswordLength.
         *
         * Do *not* use this when asking the user to enter his current password!
         * Regardless of configuration, users may have invalid passwords for whatever
         * reason (e.g., they were set before requirements were tightened up).
         * Only use it when asking for a new password, like on account creation or
         * ResetPass.
         *
         * Obviously, you still need to do server-side checking.
         *
         * NOTE: A combination of bugs in various browsers means that this function
         * actually just returns array() unconditionally at the moment.  May as
         * well keep it around for when the browser bugs get fixed, though.
         *
         * @todo FIXME: This does not belong here; put it in Html or Linker or somewhere
         *
         * @return array Array of HTML attributes suitable for feeding to
         *   Html::element(), directly or indirectly.  (Don't feed to Xml::*()!
         *   That will get confused by the boolean attribute syntax used.)
         */
        public static function passwordChangeInputAttribs() {
                global $wgMinimalPasswordLength;

                if ( $wgMinimalPasswordLength == 0 ) {
                        return array();
                }

                # Note that the pattern requirement will always be satisfied if the
                # input is empty, so we need required in all cases.
                #
                # @todo FIXME: Bug 23769: This needs to not claim the password is required
                # if e-mail confirmation is being used.  Since HTML5 input validation
                # is b0rked anyway in some browsers, just return nothing.  When it's
                # re-enabled, fix this code to not output required for e-mail
                # registration.
                #$ret = array( 'required' );
                $ret = array();

                # We can't actually do this right now, because Opera 9.6 will print out
                # the entered password visibly in its error message!  When other
                # browsers add support for this attribute, or Opera fixes its support,
                # we can add support with a version check to avoid doing this on Opera
                # versions where it will be a problem.  Reported to Opera as
                # DSK-262266, but they don't have a public bug tracker for us to follow.
                /*
                if ( $wgMinimalPasswordLength > 1 ) {
                        $ret['pattern'] = '.{' . intval( $wgMinimalPasswordLength ) . ',}';
                        $ret['title'] = wfMessage( 'passwordtooshort' )
                                ->numParams( $wgMinimalPasswordLength )->text();
                }
                */

                return $ret;
        }

        /**
         * Return the list of user fields that should be selected to create
         * a new user object.
         * @return array
         */
        public static function selectFields() {
                return array(
                        'user_id',
                        'user_name',
                        'user_real_name',
                        'user_password',
                        'user_newpassword',
                        'user_newpass_time',
                        'user_email',
                        'user_touched',
                        'user_token',
                        'user_email_authenticated',
                        'user_email_token',
                        'user_email_token_expires',
                        'user_password_expires',
                        'user_registration',
                        'user_editcount',
                );
        }

        /**
         * Factory function for fatal permission-denied errors
         *
         * @since 1.22
         * @param string $permission User right required
         * @return Status
         */
        static function newFatalPermissionDeniedStatus( $permission ) {
                global $wgLang;

                $groups = array_map(
                        array( 'User', 'makeGroupLinkWiki' ),
                        User::getGroupsWithPermission( $permission )
                );

                if ( $groups ) {
                        return Status::newFatal( 'badaccess-groups', $wgLang->commaList( $groups ), count( $groups ) );
                } else {
                        return Status::newFatal( 'badaccess-group0' );
                }
        }
}