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[mediawiki.git] / includes / cache / BacklinkCache.php

<?php
/**
 * Class for fetching backlink lists, approximate backlink counts and
 * partitions.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
 * http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
 *
 * @file
 * @author Tim Starling
 * @author Aaron Schulz
 * @copyright © 2009, Tim Starling, Domas Mituzas
 * @copyright © 2010, Max Sem
 * @copyright © 2011, Antoine Musso
 */

/**
 * Class for fetching backlink lists, approximate backlink counts and
 * partitions. This is a shared cache.
 *
 * Instances of this class should typically be fetched with the method
 * $title->getBacklinkCache().
 *
 * Ideally you should only get your backlinks from here when you think
 * there is some advantage in caching them. Otherwise it's just a waste
 * of memory.
 *
 * Introduced by r47317
 */
class BacklinkCache {
        /** @var BacklinkCache */
        protected static $instance;

        /**
         * Multi dimensions array representing batches. Keys are:
         *  > (string) links table name
         *   > (int) batch size
         *    > 'numRows' : Number of rows for this link table
         *    > 'batches' : array( $start, $end )
         *
         * @see BacklinkCache::partitionResult()
         *
         * Cleared with BacklinkCache::clear()
         * @var array[]
         */
        protected $partitionCache = array();

        /**
         * Contains the whole links from a database result.
         * This is raw data that will be partitioned in $partitionCache
         *
         * Initialized with BacklinkCache::getLinks()
         * Cleared with BacklinkCache::clear()
         * @var ResultWrapper[]
         */
        protected $fullResultCache = array();

        /**
         * Local copy of a database object.
         *
         * Accessor: BacklinkCache::getDB()
         * Mutator : BacklinkCache::setDB()
         * Cleared with BacklinkCache::clear()
         */
        protected $db;

        /**
         * Local copy of a Title object
         */
        protected $title;

        const CACHE_EXPIRY = 3600;

        /**
         * Create a new BacklinkCache
         *
         * @param Title $title : Title object to create a backlink cache for
         */
        public function __construct( Title $title ) {
                $this->title = $title;
        }

        /**
         * Create a new BacklinkCache or reuse any existing one.
         * Currently, only one cache instance can exist; callers that
         * need multiple backlink cache objects should keep them in scope.
         *
         * @param Title $title Title object to get a backlink cache for
         * @return BacklinkCache
         */
        public static function get( Title $title ) {
                if ( !self::$instance || !self::$instance->title->equals( $title ) ) {
                        self::$instance = new self( $title );
                }
                return self::$instance;
        }

        /**
         * Serialization handler, diasallows to serialize the database to prevent
         * failures after this class is deserialized from cache with dead DB
         * connection.
         *
         * @return array
         */
        function __sleep() {
                return array( 'partitionCache', 'fullResultCache', 'title' );
        }

        /**
         * Clear locally stored data and database object.
         */
        public function clear() {
                $this->partitionCache = array();
                $this->fullResultCache = array();
                unset( $this->db );
        }

        /**
         * Set the Database object to use
         *
         * @param IDatabase $db
         */
        public function setDB( $db ) {
                $this->db = $db;
        }

        /**
         * Get the slave connection to the database
         * When non existing, will initialize the connection.
         * @return DatabaseBase
         */
        protected function getDB() {
                if ( !isset( $this->db ) ) {
                        $this->db = wfGetDB( DB_SLAVE );
                }

                return $this->db;
        }

        /**
         * Get the backlinks for a given table. Cached in process memory only.
         * @param string $table
         * @param int|bool $startId
         * @param int|bool $endId
         * @param int $max
         * @return TitleArrayFromResult
         */
        public function getLinks( $table, $startId = false, $endId = false, $max = INF ) {
                return TitleArray::newFromResult( $this->queryLinks( $table, $startId, $endId, $max ) );
        }

        /**
         * Get the backlinks for a given table. Cached in process memory only.
         * @param string $table
         * @param int|bool $startId
         * @param int|bool $endId
         * @param int $max
         * @param string $select 'all' or 'ids'
         * @return ResultWrapper
         */
        protected function queryLinks( $table, $startId, $endId, $max, $select = 'all' ) {

                $fromField = $this->getPrefix( $table ) . '_from';

                if ( !$startId && !$endId && is_infinite( $max )
                        && isset( $this->fullResultCache[$table] )
                ) {
                        wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": got results from cache\n" );
                        $res = $this->fullResultCache[$table];
                } else {
                        wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": got results from DB\n" );
                        $conds = $this->getConditions( $table );
                        // Use the from field in the condition rather than the joined page_id,
                        // because databases are stupid and don't necessarily propagate indexes.
                        if ( $startId ) {
                                $conds[] = "$fromField >= " . intval( $startId );
                        }
                        if ( $endId ) {
                                $conds[] = "$fromField <= " . intval( $endId );
                        }
                        $options = array( 'ORDER BY' => $fromField );
                        if ( is_finite( $max ) && $max > 0 ) {
                                $options['LIMIT'] = $max;
                        }

                        if ( $select === 'ids' ) {
                                // Just select from the backlink table and ignore the page JOIN
                                $res = $this->getDB()->select(
                                        $table,
                                        array( $this->getPrefix( $table ) . '_from AS page_id' ),
                                        array_filter( $conds, function ( $clause ) { // kind of janky
                                                return !preg_match( '/(\b|=)page_id(\b|=)/', $clause );
                                        } ),
                                        __METHOD__,
                                        $options
                                );
                        } else {
                                // Select from the backlink table and JOIN with page title information
                                $res = $this->getDB()->select(
                                        array( $table, 'page' ),
                                        array( 'page_namespace', 'page_title', 'page_id' ),
                                        $conds,
                                        __METHOD__,
                                        array_merge( array( 'STRAIGHT_JOIN' ), $options )
                                );
                        }

                        if ( $select === 'all' && !$startId && !$endId && $res->numRows() < $max ) {
                                // The full results fit within the limit, so cache them
                                $this->fullResultCache[$table] = $res;
                        } else {
                                wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": results from DB were uncacheable\n" );
                        }
                }

                return $res;
        }

        /**
         * Get the field name prefix for a given table
         * @param string $table
         * @throws MWException
         * @return null|string
         */
        protected function getPrefix( $table ) {
                static $prefixes = array(
                        'pagelinks' => 'pl',
                        'imagelinks' => 'il',
                        'categorylinks' => 'cl',
                        'templatelinks' => 'tl',
                        'redirect' => 'rd',
                );

                if ( isset( $prefixes[$table] ) ) {
                        return $prefixes[$table];
                } else {
                        $prefix = null;
                        Hooks::run( 'BacklinkCacheGetPrefix', array( $table, &$prefix ) );
                        if ( $prefix ) {
                                return $prefix;
                        } else {
                                throw new MWException( "Invalid table \"$table\" in " . __CLASS__ );
                        }
                }
        }

        /**
         * Get the SQL condition array for selecting backlinks, with a join
         * on the page table.
         * @param string $table
         * @throws MWException
         * @return array|null
         */
        protected function getConditions( $table ) {
                $prefix = $this->getPrefix( $table );

                switch ( $table ) {
                        case 'pagelinks':
                        case 'templatelinks':
                                $conds = array(
                                        "{$prefix}_namespace" => $this->title->getNamespace(),
                                        "{$prefix}_title" => $this->title->getDBkey(),
                                        "page_id={$prefix}_from"
                                );
                                break;
                        case 'redirect':
                                $conds = array(
                                        "{$prefix}_namespace" => $this->title->getNamespace(),
                                        "{$prefix}_title" => $this->title->getDBkey(),
                                        $this->getDb()->makeList( array(
                                                "{$prefix}_interwiki" => '',
                                                "{$prefix}_interwiki IS NULL",
                                        ), LIST_OR ),
                                        "page_id={$prefix}_from"
                                );
                                break;
                        case 'imagelinks':
                        case 'categorylinks':
                                $conds = array(
                                        "{$prefix}_to" => $this->title->getDBkey(),
                                        "page_id={$prefix}_from"
                                );
                                break;
                        default:
                                $conds = null;
                                Hooks::run( 'BacklinkCacheGetConditions', array( $table, $this->title, &$conds ) );
                                if ( !$conds ) {
                                        throw new MWException( "Invalid table \"$table\" in " . __CLASS__ );
                                }
                }

                return $conds;
        }

        /**
         * Check if there are any backlinks
         * @param string $table
         * @return bool
         */
        public function hasLinks( $table ) {
                return ( $this->getNumLinks( $table, 1 ) > 0 );
        }

        /**
         * Get the approximate number of backlinks
         * @param string $table
         * @param int $max Only count up to this many backlinks
         * @return int
         */
        public function getNumLinks( $table, $max = INF ) {
                global $wgUpdateRowsPerJob;

                $cache = ObjectCache::getMainWANInstance();
                // 1) try partition cache ...
                if ( isset( $this->partitionCache[$table] ) ) {
                        $entry = reset( $this->partitionCache[$table] );

                        return min( $max, $entry['numRows'] );
                }

                // 2) ... then try full result cache ...
                if ( isset( $this->fullResultCache[$table] ) ) {
                        return min( $max, $this->fullResultCache[$table]->numRows() );
                }

                $memcKey = wfMemcKey( 'numbacklinks', md5( $this->title->getPrefixedDBkey() ), $table );

                // 3) ... fallback to memcached ...
                $count = $cache->get( $memcKey );
                if ( $count ) {
                        return min( $max, $count );
                }

                // 4) fetch from the database ...
                if ( is_infinite( $max ) ) { // no limit at all
                        // Use partition() since it will batch the query and skip the JOIN.
                        // Use $wgUpdateRowsPerJob just to encourage cache reuse for jobs.
                        $this->partition( $table, $wgUpdateRowsPerJob ); // updates $this->partitionCache
                        return $this->partitionCache[$table][$wgUpdateRowsPerJob]['numRows'];
                } else { // probably some sane limit
                        // Fetch the full title info, since the caller will likely need it next
                        $count = $this->getLinks( $table, false, false, $max )->count();
                        if ( $count < $max ) { // full count
                                $cache->set( $memcKey, $count, self::CACHE_EXPIRY );
                        }
                }

                return min( $max, $count );
        }

        /**
         * Partition the backlinks into batches.
         * Returns an array giving the start and end of each range. The first
         * batch has a start of false, and the last batch has an end of false.
         *
         * @param string $table The links table name
         * @param int $batchSize
         * @return array
         */
        public function partition( $table, $batchSize ) {
                // 1) try partition cache ...
                if ( isset( $this->partitionCache[$table][$batchSize] ) ) {
                        wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": got from partition cache\n" );

                        return $this->partitionCache[$table][$batchSize]['batches'];
                }

                $cache = ObjectCache::getMainWANInstance();
                $this->partitionCache[$table][$batchSize] = false;
                $cacheEntry =& $this->partitionCache[$table][$batchSize];

                // 2) ... then try full result cache ...
                if ( isset( $this->fullResultCache[$table] ) ) {
                        $cacheEntry = $this->partitionResult( $this->fullResultCache[$table], $batchSize );
                        wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": got from full result cache\n" );

                        return $cacheEntry['batches'];
                }

                $memcKey = wfMemcKey(
                        'backlinks',
                        md5( $this->title->getPrefixedDBkey() ),
                        $table,
                        $batchSize
                );

                // 3) ... fallback to memcached ...
                $memcValue = $cache->get( $memcKey );
                if ( is_array( $memcValue ) ) {
                        $cacheEntry = $memcValue;
                        wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": got from memcached $memcKey\n" );

                        return $cacheEntry['batches'];
                }

                // 4) ... finally fetch from the slow database :(
                $cacheEntry = array( 'numRows' => 0, 'batches' => array() ); // final result
                // Do the selects in batches to avoid client-side OOMs (bug 43452).
                // Use a LIMIT that plays well with $batchSize to keep equal sized partitions.
                $selectSize = max( $batchSize, 200000 - ( 200000 % $batchSize ) );
                $start = false;
                do {
                        $res = $this->queryLinks( $table, $start, false, $selectSize, 'ids' );
                        $partitions = $this->partitionResult( $res, $batchSize, false );
                        // Merge the link count and range partitions for this chunk
                        $cacheEntry['numRows'] += $partitions['numRows'];
                        $cacheEntry['batches'] = array_merge( $cacheEntry['batches'], $partitions['batches'] );
                        if ( count( $partitions['batches'] ) ) {
                                list( , $lEnd ) = end( $partitions['batches'] );
                                $start = $lEnd + 1; // pick up after this inclusive range
                        }
                } while ( $partitions['numRows'] >= $selectSize );
                // Make sure the first range has start=false and the last one has end=false
                if ( count( $cacheEntry['batches'] ) ) {
                        $cacheEntry['batches'][0][0] = false;
                        $cacheEntry['batches'][count( $cacheEntry['batches'] ) - 1][1] = false;
                }

                // Save partitions to memcached
                $cache->set( $memcKey, $cacheEntry, self::CACHE_EXPIRY );

                // Save backlink count to memcached
                $memcKey = wfMemcKey( 'numbacklinks', md5( $this->title->getPrefixedDBkey() ), $table );
                $cache->set( $memcKey, $cacheEntry['numRows'], self::CACHE_EXPIRY );

                wfDebug( __METHOD__ . ": got from database\n" );

                return $cacheEntry['batches'];
        }

        /**
         * Partition a DB result with backlinks in it into batches
         * @param ResultWrapper $res Database result
         * @param int $batchSize
         * @param bool $isComplete Whether $res includes all the backlinks
         * @throws MWException
         * @return array
         */
        protected function partitionResult( $res, $batchSize, $isComplete = true ) {
                $batches = array();
                $numRows = $res->numRows();
                $numBatches = ceil( $numRows / $batchSize );

                for ( $i = 0; $i < $numBatches; $i++ ) {
                        if ( $i == 0 && $isComplete ) {
                                $start = false;
                        } else {
                                $rowNum = $i * $batchSize;
                                $res->seek( $rowNum );
                                $row = $res->fetchObject();
                                $start = (int)$row->page_id;
                        }

                        if ( $i == ( $numBatches - 1 ) && $isComplete ) {
                                $end = false;
                        } else {
                                $rowNum = min( $numRows - 1, ( $i + 1 ) * $batchSize - 1 );
                                $res->seek( $rowNum );
                                $row = $res->fetchObject();
                                $end = (int)$row->page_id;
                        }

                        # Sanity check order
                        if ( $start && $end && $start > $end ) {
                                throw new MWException( __METHOD__ . ': Internal error: query result out of order' );
                        }

                        $batches[] = array( $start, $end );
                }

                return array( 'numRows' => $numRows, 'batches' => $batches );
        }

        /**
         * Get a Title iterator for cascade-protected template/file use backlinks
         *
         * @return TitleArray
         * @since 1.25
         */
        public function getCascadeProtectedLinks() {
                $dbr = $this->getDB();

                // @todo: use UNION without breaking tests that use temp tables
                $resSets = array();
                $resSets[] = $dbr->select(
                        array( 'templatelinks', 'page_restrictions', 'page' ),
                        array( 'page_namespace', 'page_title', 'page_id' ),
                        array(
                                'tl_namespace' => $this->title->getNamespace(),
                                'tl_title' => $this->title->getDBkey(),
                                'tl_from = pr_page',
                                'pr_cascade' => 1,
                                'page_id = tl_from'
                        ),
                        __METHOD__,
                        array( 'DISTINCT' )
                );
                if ( $this->title->getNamespace() == NS_FILE ) {
                        $resSets[] = $dbr->select(
                                array( 'imagelinks', 'page_restrictions', 'page' ),
                                array( 'page_namespace', 'page_title', 'page_id' ),
                                array(
                                        'il_to' => $this->title->getDBkey(),
                                        'il_from = pr_page',
                                        'pr_cascade' => 1,
                                        'page_id = il_from'
                                ),
                                __METHOD__,
                                array( 'DISTINCT' )
                        );
                }

                // Combine and de-duplicate the results
                $mergedRes = array();
                foreach ( $resSets as $res ) {
                        foreach ( $res as $row ) {
                                $mergedRes[$row->page_id] = $row;
                        }
                }

                return TitleArray::newFromResult(
                        new FakeResultWrapper( array_values( $mergedRes ) ) );
        }
}